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Journal articles on the topic 'Alytes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Arntzen, J. W., and M. García-París. "Phylogeny and biogeography of midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae): a rebuttal." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 66, no. 4 (1997): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-06604007.

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Three competing phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus Alytes (midwife toads) are evaluated. Based on quantitative coding of protein characters the most parsimonious solution shows a sister taxon relationship for Alytes dickhilleni and A. muletensis. The alternatives in which A. obstetricans has its sister group in either A. dickhilleni or A. muletensis lack support. Using calibrations derived from protein evolutionary rates, the vicariant events giving rise to A. obstetricans and the lineage leading to the A. muletensis and A. dickhilleni clade and the subsequent splitting between A. muletensi

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2

Márques, Refael, and Jaime Bosch. "Female preference in complex acoustical environments in the midwife toads Alytes obstetricans and Alytes cisternasii." Behavioral Ecology 8, no. 6 (1997): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.6.588.

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3

Bosch, Jaime, and Rafael Marquez. "ACOUSTICAL INTERFERENCE IN THE ADVERTISEMENT CALLS OF THE MIDWIFE TOADS (ALYTES OBSTETRICANS AND ALYTES CISTERNASII)." Behaviour 137, no. 2 (2000): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502060.

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AbstractWe address the issue of whether call alternation is a mechanism for diminishing call overlap between male midwife toads who are competing acoustically. Additionally, we study the effect of call overlap on the calling behavior of males and on female preferences. In both species, naturally interacting males emitted calls that did not overlap less than expected when males called randomly. Interactive playback calls showed that males increase their calling rate when responded to by a non-overlapping call, and that they do not increase their calling rate when responded to by calls that over

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4

Márquez, Rafael. "Female Choice in the Midwife Toads (Alytes Obstetricans and a. Cisternasii)." Behaviour 132, no. 1-2 (1995): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00342.

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AbstractA previous study reported that large males had greater mating success than small males in two species of midwife toads. A behavioural mechanism that would explain such a pattern is sought. Dominant frequency is inversely correlated with male size in Alytes obstetricans and A. cisternasii. In both cases, two-speaker playback tests with synthetic calls show that females have a significant preference for calls with low frequencies. The results shows that female preference may impose directional sexual selection upon a static acoustic character that is correlated with male size. Male Alyte

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5

Martínez-Gil, Helena, Fernando Martínez-Freiría, Ana Perera, et al. "Morphological diversification of Mediterranean anurans: the roles of evolutionary history and climate." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 135, no. 3 (2021): 462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab156.

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Abstract Investigation of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms governing the origin and diversification of species requires integrative approaches that often have to accommodate strong discordance among datasets. A common source of conflict is the combination of morphological and molecular characters with different evolutionary rates. Resolution of these discordances is crucial to assess the relative roles of different processes in generating and maintaining biodiversity. Anuran amphibians provide many examples of morphologically similar, genetically divergent lineages, posing questions

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6

Dufresnes, Christophe, and Íñigo Martínez-Solano. "Hybrid zone genomics supports candidate species in Iberian Alytes obstetricans." Amphibia-Reptilia 41, no. 1 (2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20191312.

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Abstract While estimates of genetic divergence are increasingly used in molecular taxonomy, hybrid zone analyses can provide decisive evidence for evaluating candidate species. Applying a population genomic approach (RAD-sequencing) to a fine-scale transect sampling, we analyzed the transition between two Iberian subspecies of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans almogavarii and A. o. pertinax) in Catalonia (northeastern Spain), which putatively diverged since the Plio-Pleistocene. Their hybrid zone was remarkably narrow, with extensive admixture restricted to a single locality (close

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7

Dufresnes, Christophe, and Íñigo Martínez-Solano. "Hybrid zone genomics supports candidate species in Iberian Alytes obstetricans." Amphibia-Reptilia 41, no. 1 (2020): 105–12. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20191312.

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Dufresnes, Christophe, Martínez-Solano, Íñigo (2020): Hybrid zone genomics supports candidate species in Iberian Alytes obstetricans. Amphibia-Reptilia 41 (1): 105-112, DOI: 10.1163/15685381-20191312, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20191312

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8

Lüscher, Beatrice, Lutz Dalbeck, and Dagmar Ohlhoff. "Beaver ponds as habitat of amphibian communities in a central European highland." Amphibia-Reptilia 28, no. 4 (2007): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853807782152561.

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Abstract The Eurasian beaver Castor fiber, formerly occurred across the Palaearctic, but was nearly eradicated in the 19th century. Due to reintroductions in the 20th century, beaver populations are increasing and now extend into highland areas. Natural still waters are scarce in highlands of Central Europe. Therefore the question arises, “Are beaver ponds essential habitats for amphibians?”, especially since fishes, predators of amphibian larval stages, also inhabit beaver ponds. We investigated the amphibian fauna of one typical valley in the Eifel, that was colonized by beavers in 1981, and

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9

Caballero-Díaz, Carlos, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Iván Gómez, Ana Díaz-Zúñiga, and Íñigo Martínez-Solano. "Artificial water bodies as amphibian breeding sites: the case of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) in central Spain." Amphibia-Reptilia 43, no. 4 (2022): 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-bja10115.

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Caballero-Díaz, Carlos, Sánchez-Montes, Gregorio, Gómez, Iván, Díaz-Zúñiga, Ana, Martínez-Solano, Íñigo (2022): Artificial water bodies as amphibian breeding sites: the case of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) in central Spain. Amphibia-Reptilia 43 (4): 395-406, DOI: 10.1163/15685381-bja10115

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10

Dyson, Miranda, Tim Halliday, and Sarah Bush. "Phonotaxis by Female Majorcan Midwife Toads, Alytes Muletensis." Behaviour 135, no. 2 (1998): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853998793066366.

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11

Sanchiz, B., and H. H. Schleich. "Revisión taxonómica de Alytes grandis Brunner (Amphibia, Anura)." Estudios Geológicos 42, no. 6 (1986): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeol.86426778.

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12

Márquez, Rafael, and Rafael Marquez. "Egg Mass and Size of Tadpoles at Hatching in the Midwife Toads Alytes obstetricans and Alytes cisternasii: Implications for Female Choice." Copeia 1996, no. 4 (1996): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447643.

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13

CLEMENS, DAVID J. "Tadpoles of the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans scavenging carrion." Herpetological Bulletin, Issue 157, Autumn 2021 (October 1, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hb157.46.

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14

Martínez-Solano, I., H. A. Gonçalves, J. W. Arntzen, and M. García-París. "Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of midwife toads (Discoglossidae: Alytes)." Journal of Biogeography 31, no. 4 (2004): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.01033.x.

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15

Kraaijeveld-Smit, Femmie J. L., Graham Rowe, Trevor J. C. Beebee, and Richard A. Griffiths. "Microsatellite markers for the Mallorcan midwife toad Alytes muletensis." Molecular Ecology Notes 3, no. 1 (2003): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00387.x.

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16

TONGE, SIMON, and QUENTIN BLOXAM. "Breeding the Mallorcan midwife toad Alytes muletensis in captivity." International Zoo Yearbook 28, no. 1 (1988): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1988.tb01012.x.

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17

TONGE, SIMON, and QUENTIN BLOXAM. "Breeding the Mallorcan midwife toad Alytes muletensis in captivity." International Zoo Yearbook 28, no. 1 (2007): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1989.tb03251.x.

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18

Maia-Carvalho, Bruno, Helena Gonçalves, Nuno Ferrand, and Iñigo Martínez-Solano. "Multilocus assessment of phylogenetic relationships in Alytes (Anura, Alytidae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (October 2014): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.033.

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19

Bosch, Jaime. "Signal discrimination by female Iberian midwife toads (Alytes cisternasii)." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 14, no. 3 (2002): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2002.9522741.

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20

Bosch, J., and R. Márquez. "Acoustic Competition in Male Midwife Toads Alytes obstetricans and Alytes cisternasii: Response to Neighbor Size and Calling Rate. Implications for Female Choice." Ethology 102, no. 6 (2010): 841–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1996.tb01205.x.

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21

Arregui, Lucía, and Jaime Bosch. "Gamete Collection, Artificial Fertilization and Captive-Rearing of Eggs in a Terrestrial-Breeding Anuran with Parental Care: Alytes obstetricans." Animals 13, no. 17 (2023): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13172802.

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The genus Alytes consists of six primitive terrestrial-breeding species (five of them endangered or present in restricted distributions) with unique male parental care. Alytes obstetricans was used as a model for the development of assisted reproductive technologies for gamete collection, artificial fertilization and captive-rearing of embryos. Sperm collection was achieved with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), but only 17 to 50% of males responded to the hormone. In addition, an effect of captivity on sperm quality was observed. A combination of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH

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22

Mačiulis, Algimantas. "ALYTAUS MIESTO ARCHITEKTŪRA PRIEŠKARIU." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 34, no. 2 (2010): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2010.10.

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During a couple of hundred years, a mixed-plan system has been formed in Alytus: an irregular one in the old town and exact and rational in the new town parts, based on a regular street network, correct plan and spatial structure. Historical factors determined the town’s development: on the right bank of the Nemunas river the development was slow (Alytus I), and the center of the town, formed on the left bank of the Nemunas river (Alytus II), from the urban point of view, was the most valuable part of the town. The period 1930–1940 was extremely important for the town’s development: central ar

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23

Bosch, Jaime, Rafael Márquez, and Rafael Marquez. "Female Courtship Call of the Iberian Midwife Toad (Alytes cisternasii)." Journal of Herpetology 35, no. 4 (2001): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565904.

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24

Pinya, S., and V. Pérez-Mellado. "Ageing and growth of the endangered midwife toad Alytes muletensis." Endangered Species Research 22, no. 3 (2013): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00551.

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25

Polo-Cavia, Nuria, José Miguel Oliveira, Alberto José Redondo Villa, and Rafael Márquez. "Background colour matching in a wild population of Alytes obstetricans." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 3 (2016): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003050.

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The capacity for physiological colour change has long been described in anuran amphibians. Camouflage against predators seems to be the most relevant function of dynamic changes in skin colour of frogs, but key aspects such as the rate at which these changes occur, or the specific colour components involved are not completely clear. Whereas most research on the topic has been reported on tree frogs in laboratory conditions, studies in other anurans or in the field are much scarcer. Here we show a potentially plastic, adaptive response in coloration of common midwife toads, Alytes obstetricans,

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26

Altaba, Cristian R. "Phylogeny and biogeography of midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae): a reappraisal." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 66, no. 4 (1997): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-06604006.

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The allozyme data base of Arntzen & García-París (1995) on midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae) is reanalysed considering each locus as a discrete character. The phylogeny thus inferred differs from the one obtained with genetic distances in the position of A. dickhilleni from the Betic region – it appears that its sister species is the widespread A. obstetricans, not the Mallorcan endemic A. muletensis. This phylogenetic hypothesis agrees with the taxonomic treatment of the genus based on morphology. A testable biogeographic hypothesis is proposed to account for the diversification of m

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27

Adrián, Guerrero-Gómez, Zamora-Marín José Manuel, Torralva Mar, and Oliva-Paterna Francisco José. "Life cycle of Alytes dickhilleni Arntzen and García-París, 1995 and sympatric amphibian community in ponds with high conservation interest in Region of Murcia (SE Spain)." Anales de Biología, no. 41 (September 4, 2019): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.41.08.

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Se ha estudiado el ciclo de vida durante un periodo anual (diciembre 2016–noviembre 2017) de los anfibios en dos cuerpos de agua artificiales en el límite oriental de la distribución de la especie amenazada Alytes dickhilleni Arntzen y García-París, 1995. En ambos sistemas, se reproduce la especie objetivo y dos más, Bufo spinosus Daudin, 1803, y Pelophylax perezi (López-Seoane, 1885). Los ciclos reproductivos de A. dickhilleni y P. perezi muestran semejanzas con lo descrito en medios naturales y artificiales en la Región de Murcia; por el contrario, B. spinosus presentó un adelanto significat

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28

Schmidt, Benedikt, Eliane Küpfer, Corina Geiger, Sarah Wolf, and Sämi Schär. "Elevated temperature clears chytrid fungus infections from tadpoles of the midwife toad, Alytes obstetricans." Amphibia-Reptilia 32, no. 2 (2011): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/017353711x556970.

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AbstractThe amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is sensitive to high temperature. Hence, exposing amphibians to high temperature may be a method to clear Bd infection. However, the effect of exposure to elevated temperature has never been tested in larval stages or temperate species. We experimentally exposed tadpoles of the toad Alytes obstetricans to low, medium and high temperatures and found that most, but not all, tadpoles lost the infection when exposed to temperatures higher than 2°C for 5 days. Thus, exposure to elevated temperatures can be used to treat tadpol

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29

Schley, Laurent, and Richard A. Griffiths. "Midwife Toads (Alytes muletensis) Avoid Chemical Cues from Snakes (Natrix maura)." Journal of Herpetology 32, no. 4 (1998): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565212.

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30

Bush, Sarah L., and Diana J. Bell. "Courtship and Female Competition in the Majorcan Midwife Toad, Alytes muletensis." Ethology 103, no. 4 (2010): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1997.tb00019.x.

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31

Bosch, Jaime, and Luz Boyero. "Reproductive stage and phonotactic preferences of female midwife toads ( Alytes cisternasii )." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 55, no. 3 (2004): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-003-0699-8.

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32

Raxworthy, C. J. "Non-random mating by size in the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans: Bigger males carry more eggs." Amphibia-Reptilia 11, no. 3 (1990): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853890x00168.

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AbstractThe European midwife toad Alytes obstetricans is unusual because the males exhibit parental care. The male carries eggs (possibly from several females) wrapped around his hind limbs until they are ready to hatch. The mating pattern of this species is not random; a significant correlation was found between male snout-vent length and dorsal egg count. Bigger males have larger broods and therefore father more offspring. Because brood size does not appear to affect egg hatching success, larger males may enjoy higher fitness. This non-random pattern of mating may be achieved by male intra-s

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33

Roman, Alvaro, Richard A. Griffiths, and Laurent Schley. "Activity patterns and microhabitat selection of Mallorcan midwife toad (Alytes muletensis) tadpoles in natural torrent pools." Amphibia-Reptilia 19, no. 2 (1998): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853898x00430.

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AbstractTadpoles of the Mallorcan midwife toad (Alytes muletensis) displayed a clear diel pattern of activity and microhabitat selection in torrent pools in Mallorca. Tadpoles spent much of the day foraging in a non-aggregated fashion in warm shallow areas, and activity peaked at 1700-1900 hr. In mid-afternoon, however, when much of the water surface was in direct sunlight, tadpoles moved away from the shallows and formed aggregations under rock overhangs at the sides of the pool. Both activity and tadpole density in the shallows dropped dramatically after dark, when there was a movement of th

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34

Márquez, Rafael, and Jaime Bosch. "TYMPANUM FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY, BODY SIZE AND MATE CHOICE IN FEMALE MIDWIFE TOADS (ALYTES OBSTETRICANS)." Behaviour 137, no. 9 (2000): 1211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502600.

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AbstractWe address whether fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in an external ear element is correlated with the accuracy of location of a sound source (synthetic male advertisement calls) by female midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans). Fluctuating asymmetry in the tympanum was measured in gravid females. We studied the relationship between FA, snout - vent - length (SVL), and precision in approaching an acoustic stimulus through playback tests. Female mass was negatively correlated with jump length. Tympanum FA was negatively correlated with the accuracy of location of a sound source. Thus, FA can play

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35

Diego-Rasilla, Francisco Javier, and Rosa M. Luengo. "Magnetic compass orientation in common midwife toad tadpoles, Alytes obstetricans (Anura, Alytidae)." Journal of Ethology 38, no. 3 (2020): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-020-00653-3.

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36

Garriga, Núria, A. Montori, and G. A. Llorente. "Impact of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate on tadpoles of Alytes obstetricans." Ecotoxicology 26, no. 5 (2017): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-017-1799-y.

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37

Ridewood, W. G. "On the Skeletou of Regenerated Limbs of the Midwife- Toad (Alytes ohstetricans)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 66, no. 1 (2009): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03132.x.

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38

Pérez-Mellado, Valentín, and Samuel Pinya. "Individual identification and sexual dimorphism in the endangered Balearic Midwife Toad, Alytes muletensis (Sanchíz and Adrover, 1981)." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 3 (2009): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809788795227.

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AbstractThe Majorcan Midwife Toad (Alytes muletensis) is and endemic and threatened species of the island of Mallorca which has been the subject of a large number of studies. However, there is a lack of information about the adult fraction of wild populations. Here we show the first step to increase the knowledge of adult Majorcan midwife toads, how to recognize them individually and how to distinguish between males and females. We tested with satisfactory results a photoidentification method that can be used to identify adults individually. In order to sex individuals in the wild we carry out

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39

Marquez, R., and J. Bosch. "Advertisement calls of the midwife toads Alytes (Amphibia, Anura, Discoglossidae) in continental Spain." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 33, no. 2 (2009): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00224.x.

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40

Márquez, R., and J. Bosch. "Advertisement calls of the midwife toads Alytes (Amphibia, Anura, Discoglossidae) in continental Spain." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 33, no. 3-4 (2009): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00971.x.

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Ridewood, W. G. "On the Development of the Hyobranchial Skeleton of the Midwife-Toad (Alytes obstetricans)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 66, no. 1 (2009): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb03125.x.

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42

Loyau, Adeline, Jérémie H. Cornuau, Frances C. Clare, and Dirk S. Schmeller. "Side effects of itraconazole on post-metamorphic Alytes obstetricans after a cold stress." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 4 (2016): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003064.

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Itraconazole is the most widely used treatment against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the fungal pathogen causing chytridiomycosis, a proximate cause of amphibian declines. Several side effects of itraconazole treatment, ranging in severity from depigmentation to death have been reported in different amphibian species and life stages, and these side effects were observed at commonly used dosages of itraconazole. However, no studies have investigated side-effects of itraconazole in conjunction with environmental stress. Post-metamorphic midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans) that were treate

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43

Rosa, H. D., A. P. Almeida, P. L. Moreira, E. G. Crespo, O. S. Paulo, and F. Brito-e-Abreu. "Morphological distinction of Iberian midwife toads: Alytes obstetricans may have two metacarpal tubercles." Amphibia-Reptilia 17, no. 1 (1996): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853896x00306.

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44

Clarke, R. T., and C. J. Reading. "Multiple clutches, egg mortality and mate choice in the mid-wife toad, Alytes obstetricans." Amphibia-Reptilia 9, no. 4 (1988): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853888x00035.

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AbstractEgg laying, clutch brooding, egg survival and mate choice were investigated in the mid-wife toad, Alytes obstetricans (Lataste) at a small reservoir in central Spain during 1986 and 1987. Females divided their total egg production into at least three separate clutches. The majority of males brooded between one and three clutches of eggs, though one may have brooded four. First clutches received by males were 24-34% larger than subsequent clutches. No significant differences were found in egg fertilisation, survival and hatching success between individual clutches. The results show that

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45

Thiesmeier, Burkhard, and Thomas Kordges. "Versuch einer ökologischen Klassifizierung der Amphibien- und Reptilienfauna des mittleren und östlichen Ruhrgebietes." Decheniana : Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Rheinlande und Westfalens 143 (January 1, 1990): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/decheniana.v143.4378.

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Auf der Grundlage einer aktuellen Amphibien- und Reptilienkartierung auf der Basis von km2-Rastern im mittleren und östlichen Ruhrgebiet (Essen, Bochum, Dortmund, Hattingen und Herne), wird eine Korrelation zwischen der Tierverbreitung und vier definierten Freiflächenkategorien der 848 untersuchten Raster hergestellt. Ein Urbanisationsindex (Quotient aus den beiden niedrigsten und der höchsten Freiflächenkategorie) wird zur ökologischen Klassifizierung der vorkommenden Arten herangezogen. Eine kritische Diskussion der Begriffe Synanthropie und Hemerophilie führt zur Unterscheidung und Charakte

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46

DUBOIS, ALAIN. "New synonymies in the order Urodela Duméril, 1805 (Amphibia, Batrachia), with comments on the use of the formula "new taxon" to designate new nomina." Zootaxa 3563, no. 1 (2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.5.

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Dubois & Raffaëlli (2012) recently published a new comprehensive taxonomy and nomenclature of the recent salamanders and newts of the world. Almost coincidentally, Wake (2012) published a revised classification of the salamander family Plethodontidae. Three family-series (or family-group) nomina (scientific names) were proposed as new in both papers. According to the date appearing in Zootaxa, the latter paper was published on 18 September 2012, whereas, according to the printer Frédéric Paillart (personal communication), the former was mailed to subscribers of Alytes on 24 October 2012. T

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Böll, Susanne, Ursina Tobler, Corina C. Geiger, Günter Hansbauer, and Benedikt R. Schmidt. "The amphibian chytrid fungus in Bavarian populations of Alytes obstetricans: past absence, current presence, and metamorph mortality." Amphibia-Reptilia 33, no. 3-4 (2012): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853812x651856.

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In three Bavarian populations of Alytes obstetricans that were studied for the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the pathogen was detected. This is the first account of chytridiomycosis in Bavaria, Germany. Infected tadpoles had low infection loads mostly of 101 to 102 genome equivalents. Under high-density rearing conditions in the laboratory mortality rates were high after metamorphosis. Some individuals, however, showed no infection with Bd, while others survived metamorphosis in spite of low Bd loads. A new approach was chosen to get historical data on Bd occurrence in one of t

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Zhou, Licheng, Qing Meng, Ran Zhang, et al. "Characterization of a Novel Polysaccharide Lyase Family 5 Alginate Lyase with PolyM Substrate Specificity." Foods 11, no. 21 (2022): 3527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213527.

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Alginate lyases (ALyases) have been widely applied in enzymatically degrading alginate for the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), which possess a range of excellent physiological benefits including immunoregulatory, antivirus, and antidiabetic properties. Among the characterized ALyases, the number of ALyases with strict substrate specificity which possess potential in directed preparation of AOS is quite small. ALyases of polysaccharides lyase (PL) 5 family have been reported to perform poly-β-D-mannuronic acid (Poly-M) substrate specificity. However, there have been fewer studie

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GOODMAN, MARK J. "08. Limb malformations in introduced populations of midwife toad Alytes obstetricans in Great Britain." Herpetological Bulletin, no. 161 (September 1, 2022): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hb161.3133.

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Marquez, Rafael, Marisa Esteban, and Jacques Castanet. "Sexual Size Dimorphism and Age in the Midwife Toads Alytes obstetricans and A. cisternasii." Journal of Herpetology 31, no. 1 (1997): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565328.

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