Academic literature on the topic 'Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition. Nutrition disorders in old age'

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Journal articles on the topic "Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition. Nutrition disorders in old age"

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Dudkowiak, Robert, Anna Gryglas, and Elżbieta Poniewierka. "The role of diet and antioxidants in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease." Journal of Medical Science 85, no. 3 (September 28, 2016): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/jms.2016.144.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among elderly. It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the brain which leads to the deterioration of cognitive, behavioral and impaired daily functioning and causes the gradual loss of independence. A significant portion of risk for dementia in old age is associated with lifestyle. Three important protective factors are diet, which should be rich in antioxidants, exercise and good cardiovascular health. It is believed that Mediterranean diet has a protective effect from dementia. This diet, rich in fruit and vegetables, legumes, olive oil, whole wheat bread, fish and seafood, with reduced consumption of red meat is also protective from cardiovascular diseases and promotes a healthy long life. There were some studies on the etiology of AD which noted an important role of vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid. All of them are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, which is regarded as an independent risk factor for the development of AD, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. We also know that supplementation of vitamins C and E in the diet can be protective from AD. On the other hand we know that obesity and undernutrition can increase the risk of development of AD. As we can observe the aging of population we should remember that nutrition constitutes an interesting approach for the prevention of age‑related brain disorders.
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Staehelin, Hannes B. "Micronutrients and Alzheimer's disease." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 64, no. 4 (November 2005): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005459.

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The current high life expectancy is overshadowed by neurodegenerative illnesses that lead to dementia and dependence. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common of these conditions, and is considered to be a proteinopathy, with amyloid-β42 as a key factor, leading via a cascade of events to neurodegeneration. Major factors involved are oxidative stress, perturbed Ca homeostasis and impaired energy metabolism. Protection against oxidative stress by micronutrients (including secondary bioactive substances) has been shown in transgenic Alzheimer model systems to delay AD. Epidemiological evidence is less conclusive, but the vast majority of the evidence supports a protective effect on cognitive functions in old age and AD. Thus, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables but also containing meat and fish is the most suitable to provide adequate micronutrients. The strong link between cardiovascular risk and AD may be explained by common pathogenetic mechanisms mediated, for example, by homocysteine and thus dependant on B-vitamins (folate and vitamins B12 and B6). However, micronutrients may also be harmful. The high affinity of amyloid for metals (Fe, Al and Zn) favours the generation of reactive oxygen species and triggers an inflammatory response. Micronutrients in a balanced diet have a long-lasting, albeit low, protective impact on brain aging, hence prevention should be life long.
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Guzzardi, Maria Angela, Federico Granziera, Elena Sanguinetti, Francesca Ditaranto, Filippo Muratori, and Patricia Iozzo. "Exclusive Breastfeeding Predicts Higher Hearing-Language Development in Girls of Preschool Age." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (August 2, 2020): 2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082320.

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Cognitive disorders are increasing in prevalence. Nutritional or metabolic stressors during early life, and female sex, are predisposing conditions towards the development of cognitive diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Though there is evidence that breastfeeding may play a beneficial role in children’s neurocognitive development, the literature remains controversial. In this study we aimed at assessing the association between exclusive breastfeeding and children’s cognitive development from six months to five years of age, addressing sex differences. In 80 mother-child pairs from the Pisa birth cohort (PISAC), we measured cognitive development in groups of children of 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 60 months by Griffiths Mental Development Scales, parents’ intelligence quotient (IQ) by Raven’s progressive matrices, and maternal and infants’ anthropometric parameters. We found that exclusive breastfeeding was associated with higher hearing-language development in five years old girls, independent of maternal IQ, age and BMI (body mass index). Exclusive breastfeeding in the first three months of life seemed sufficient to establish this positive relationship. In conclusion, our data indicate that exclusive breastfeeding is a positive predictor of cognitive development in preschool-age girls, paving the way for the implementation of sex-specific cognitive disease risk detection and prevention strategies from early life. Further studies are warranted to explore causality and longer term effects.
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Panza, Francesco, Madia Lozupone, Rodolfo Sardone, Petronilla Battista, Marco Piccininni, Vittorio Dibello, Maddalena La Montagna, et al. "Sensorial frailty: age-related hearing loss and the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 10 (November 9, 2018): 204062231881100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2040622318811000.

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The peripheral hearing alterations and central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL), may impact cognitive disorders in older age. In older age, ARHL is also a significant marker for frailty, another age-related multidimensional clinical condition with a nonspecific state of vulnerability, reduced multisystem physiological reserve, and decreased resistance to different stressors (i.e. sensorial impairments, psychosocial stress, diseases, injuries). The multidimensional nature of frailty required an approach based on different pathogeneses because this clinical condition may include sensorial, physical, social, nutritional, cognitive, and psychological phenotypes. In the present narrative review, the cumulative epidemiological evidence coming from several longitudinal population-based studies, suggested convincing links between peripheral ARHL and incident cognitive decline and dementia. Moreover, a few longitudinal case-control and population-based studies also suggested that age-related CAPD in ARHL, may be central in determining an increased risk of incident cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cumulative meta-analytic evidence confirmed cross-sectional and longitudinal association of both peripheral ARHL and age-related CAPD with different domains of cognitive functions, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, while the association with dementia subtypes such as AD and vascular dementia remained unclear. However, ARHL may represent a modifiable condition and a possible target for secondary prevention of cognitive impairment in older age, social isolation, late-life depression, and frailty. Further research is required to determine whether broader hearing rehabilitative interventions including coordinated counseling and environmental accommodations could delay or halt cognitive and global decline in the oldest old with both ARHL and dementia.
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Tully, A. M., H. M. Roche, R. Doyle, C. Fallon, I. Bruce, B. Lawlor, D. Coakley, and M. J. Gibney. "Low serum cholesteryl ester-docosahexaenoic acid levels in Alzheimer's disease: a case–control study." British Journal of Nutrition 89, no. 4 (April 2003): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002804.

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Lown-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status may be associated with neuro-degenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease, which has been associated with poor dietary fish orn-3 PUFA intake, and low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status. The present case–control study used an established biomarker ofn-3 PUFA intake (serum cholesteryl ester-fatty acid composition) to determinen-3 PUFA status in patients with Alzheimer's disease, who were free-living in the community. All cases fulfilled the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Detailed neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging established the diagnosis in all cases. The subjects (119 females and twenty-nine males) aged 76·5 (SD 6·6) YEARS HAD A CLINICAL DEMENTIA RATING (CDR) OF 1 (sd 0·62) and a mini mental state examination (MMSE) score of 19·5 (sd 4·8). The control subjects (thirty-six females and nine males) aged 70 (sd 6·0) years were not cognitively impaired (defined as MMSE score <24): they had a mean MMSE score of 28·9 (sd 1·1). Serum cholesteryl ester-eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA levels were significantly lower (P<0·05 andP<0·001 respectively) in all MMSE score quartiles of patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with control values. Serum cholesteryl ester-DHA levels were progressively reduced with severity of clinical dementia. DHA levels did not differ in patients with Alzheimer's disease across age quartiles: all were consistently lower than in control subjects. Step-wise multiple regression analysis showed that cholesteryl ester-DHA and total saturated fatty acid levels were the important determinants of MMSE score and CDR. It remains to be determined whether low DHA status in Alzheimer's disease is a casual factor in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Scuderi, Caterina, and Lorenzo Golini. "Successful and Unsuccessful Brain Aging in Pets: Pathophysiological Mechanisms behind Clinical Signs and Potential Benefits from Palmitoylethanolamide Nutritional Intervention." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092584.

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Canine and feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome is a common neurodegenerative disorder of old age and a natural model of human Alzheimer’s disease. With the unavoidable expanding life expectancy, an increasing number of small animals will be affected. Although there is no cure, early detection and intervention are vitally important to delay cognitive decline. Knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression is an equally decisive factor for developing effective approaches. Uncontrolled neuroinflammation, orchestrated in the central nervous system mainly by astrocytes, microglia, and resident mast cells, is currently acknowledged as a hallmark of neurodegeneration. This has prompted scientists to find a way to rebalance the altered crosstalk between these cells. In this context, great emphasis has been given to the role played by the expanded endocannabinoid system, i.e., endocannabinoidome, because of its prominent role in physiological and pathological neuroinflammation. Within the endocannabinoidome, great attention has been paid to palmitoylethanolamide due to its safe and pro-homeostatic effects. The availability of new ultramicronized formulations highly improved the oral bioavailability of palmitoylethanolamide, paving the way to its dietary use. Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide has been repeatedly tested in animal models of age-related neurodegeneration with promising results. Data accumulated so far suggest that supplementation with ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide helps to accomplish successful brain aging.
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Wołoszynowska-Fraser, Marta U., Azita Kouchmeshky, and Peter McCaffery. "Vitamin A and Retinoic Acid in Cognition and Cognitive Disease." Annual Review of Nutrition 40, no. 1 (September 23, 2020): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034227.

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The history of vitamin A goes back over one hundred years, but our realization of its importance for the brain and cognition is much more recent. The brain is more efficient than other target tissues at converting vitamin A to retinoic acid (RA), which activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs). RARs regulate transcription, but their function in the cytoplasm to control nongenomic actions is also crucial. Controlled synthesis of RA is essential for regulating synaptic plasticity in regions of the brain involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. Vitamin A deficiency results in a deterioration of these functions, and failure of RA signaling is perhaps associated with normal cognitive decline with age as well as with Alzheimer's disease. Further, several psychiatric and developmental disorders that disrupt cognition are also linked with vitamin A and point to their possible treatment with vitamin A or RA.
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Wynn, Margaret, and Arthur Wynn. "The Danger of B12 Deficiency in the Elderly." Nutrition and Health 12, no. 4 (July 1998): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609801200402.

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Vitamin B12 deficiency damages nerve cells and aggravates nervous system disorders even in the absence of evidence of anaemia. Prevalence of B12 deficiency increases with age especially over 65 and is frequently associated with Alzheimer's disease. Recent American surveys record a higher prevalence of B12 deficiency and of undiagnosed and untreated pernicious anaemia in the elderly than reported earlier. B12 deficiency is also reported to be a risk factor for heart disease, stroke and accelerated ageing.
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Norman, Kristina, Ulrike Haß, and Matthias Pirlich. "Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764.

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Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also with physical decline, which has wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living and quality of life in general. Malnutrition is common and may also contribute to the development of the geriatric syndromes in older adults. Malnutrition in the old is reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, but hidden deficiencies such as micronutrient deficiencies are more difficult to assess and therefore frequently overlooked in the community-dwelling old. In developed countries, the most cited cause of malnutrition is disease, as both acute and chronic disorders have the potential to result in or aggravate malnutrition. Therefore, as higher age is one risk factor for developing disease, older adults have the highest risk of being at nutritional risk or becoming malnourished. However, the aetiology of malnutrition is complex and multifactorial, and the development of malnutrition in the old is most likely also facilitated by ageing processes. This comprehensive narrative review summarizes current evidence on the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in old adults spanning from age-related changes to disease-associated risk factors, and outlines remaining challenges in the understanding, identification as well as treatment of malnutrition, which in some cases may include targeted supplementation of macro- and/or micronutrients, when diet alone is not sufficient to meet age-specific requirements.
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Johnson, Tracey, and Elaine Sexton. "Managing children and adolescents on parenteral nutrition: challenges for the nutritional support team." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, no. 3 (August 2006): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2006502.

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Managing infants, children and adolescents, ranging from premature infants to 18-year-old adolescents, on parenteral nutrition (PN) is a challenge. The ability of children to withstand starvation is limited and, unlike adults, children require nutrition for growth. PN in children is often required secondary to a congenital bowel problem rather than because of an acquired condition. Conditions requiring PN include motility disorders, congenital disorders of the intestinal epithelium and short-bowel syndrome (SBS). Intestinal failure may be temporary and children with SBS may be weaned from PN. However, other children require permanent PN. There are no comprehensive guidelines for the nutritional requirements of children and adolescents requiring PN. Practice in individual centres is based on clinical experience rather than clinical trials. Requirements are assessed on an individual basis according to age, nutritional status and clinical condition. These requirements need regular review to ensure that they remain appropriate for the changing age and weight of the child. Assessments of intakes use different methods, e.g. reference tables and predictive equations. Complications of PN include infection, accidental damage to, or removal of, the line and cholestatic liver disease. Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is associated with fewer line infections and allows continuation of nutritional support in a more normal environment, encouraging normal development and participation in family activities. However, having a child at home on HPN is associated with physical and psychological stresses. A feeling of depression, loneliness and social isolation is common amongst children and their families. Home-care services are essential to supporting children at home and should be tailored to, and sensitive to, the individual needs of each family.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition. Nutrition disorders in old age"

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Hyland, Cheryl A. "The effect of Alzheimer's disease on nutrition in relation to taste, smell, and memory." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01122010-020210/.

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Books on the topic "Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition. Nutrition disorders in old age"

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Handbook of nutrition and ophthalmology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007.

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Cox, Ruth. Eating and nutrition care for older adults: Nursing assessment and interventions. St. Louis, MO: BCP Beverly Cracom Publications, 1997.

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N, Munro Hamish, Schlierf Günter, and Nestlé Nutrition Workshop on "Nutrition of the Elderly" (1991 : Washington, D.C.), eds. Nutrition of the elderly. Vevey, Switzerland: Nestlé Nutrition Services, 1992.

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Women, aging and health: Nutritional intervention and women after menopause. Paris: Serdi, 1998.

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J, Vellas Bruno, Albarède Jean-Louis, Garry Philip J. 1933-, and Fitten L. J, eds. Dementia and cognitive impairments. Paris: Serdi Publisher, 1994.

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(Editor), John E. Morley, and David R. Thomas (Editor), eds. Geriatric Nutrition (Nutrition and Disease Prevention). CRC, 2007.

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Semba, Richard D. Handbook of Nutrition and Ophthalmology (Nutrition and Health) (Nutrition and Health). Humana Press, 2007.

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(Editor), Connie W. Bales, and Christine S. Ritchie (Editor), eds. Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging (Nutrition and Health). Humana Press, 2003.

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Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, 2009.

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W, Bales Connie, and Ritchie Christine Seel, eds. Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2004.

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