Journal articles: 'Alzheimer's disease – Patients – Family'

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Neumann, Solange Maria Freire, and Cristina Maria de Souza Brito Dias. "Living with Alzheimer's Disease in the family." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no. 4 (May 31, 2011): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1302-9310-1-le.0504201116.

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ABSTRACTObjective: to investigate the effects that occurs in families of patientes whit Alzheimer’s disease. Method: this is a qualitative research and the sample surveyed was composed of six relatives of elderly people attending a reference center of the state of Pernambuco for patients with the Alzheimer's disease. Data collect instrument was a structured interview with some questions regard to the goals and socio demographic data of the relatives. The interviews were conducted individually and were recorded and later transcribed. The technique used for data analysis was the content analysis. Results: the main impact occurred in the family context refers to a big change in its routine and the relationship established between the patient and other family members. Conclusion: it is emphasized that these families need professional assistance to guide them how to deal with various situations that arise in the course of the disease. Descriptors: Alzheimer disease; family; family caregiver.RESUMOObjetivo: investigar as repercussões que ocorrem na família de pacientes com a doença de Alzheimer. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e a amostra pesquisada foi composta por seis familiares de idosos atendidos em um centro de referência do Estado de Pernambuco e portadores da Doença de Alzheimer. O instrumento foi um roteiro de entrevista contendo questões relacionadas aos objetivos e aos dados sociodemográficos dos familiares. As entrevistas foram realizadas individualmente, tendo sido gravadas e posteriormente transcritas. A técnica utilizada para análise dos dados foi a Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: as principais repercussões ocorridas no contexto familiar referem-se a uma grande mudança na sua rotina e na relação estabelecida entre o paciente e os demais membros da família. Conclusão: ressalta-se que essas famílias necessitam de uma assistência profissional que as oriente no sentido de como lidar com várias situações que aparecem no decorrer da doença. Descritores: doença de Alzheimer; família; familiar cuidador.RESUMENObjetivo: investigar los efectos que se producen en las familias de pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Método: se trata de una investigación cualitativa y la muestra fue compuesta por seis familiares de ancianos, los cuales asisten a un centro de referencia del estado de Pernambuco, y pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer. El instrumento fue una entrevista estructurada que contenía preguntas relacionadas con las metas y los datos sociodemográficos de los familiares. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo individualmente y fueron grabadas y, posteriormente, transcritas. La técnica utilizada para el análisis de datos fue el análisis del contenido temático. Resultados: las principales repercusiones que se produjo en el contexto familiar se refieren a un gran cambio en su rutina y en la relación que se establece entre el paciente y los otros miembros de la familia. Conclusión: se destaca que estas familias necesitan asistencia profesional que las oriente para hacer frente a las diversas situaciones que se plantean en el curso de la enfermedad. Descriptores: enfermedad de Alzheimer; familia; cuidador familiar.

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Al-Zyoud, Eman, Mahmoud Maharmeh, and Muayyad Ahmad. "Family experiences of caregiving to patients with Alzheimer." Working with Older People 25, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wwop-02-2020-0006.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe and understand the family experience of caregiving to their Alzheimer patients and to explore the impact of caregiving on the family’s caregiver well-being. Design/methodology/approach The study involved eight family caregivers from the outpatient department, specifically from the neurology-medical clinic. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used for data collection through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings Four themes emerged: caregiver perception, tension, the sense of duty and commitment and altruism and sacrifice. The experience of family caregivers was different from their experiences with other chronic illnesses. Originality/value The family caregivers experience new life when providing care to their patients with Alzheimer's. The impact of the process of caregiving on whole life appeared in both positive and negative aspects. The perception and awareness of family caregivers toward Alzheimer’s disease were poor.

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Talkington-boyer, Shannon, and Douglas K. Snyder. "Assessing impact on family caregivers to Alzheimer's disease patients." American Journal of Family Therapy 22, no. 1 (March 1994): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926189408251297.

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Wykle, May L. "Interventions for Family Management of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S1 (October 1996): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610296003195.

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As the 21st century approaches, ever-increasing life expectancy and longevity bring into awareness the concerns of an aging population. One of these concerns pertains to the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cause of AD continues to baffle science in spite of its high research priority in recent years. However, while we wait for science to discover both causative and curative factors, the illness continues to take its toll, placing the burden of care on the families of those stricken. The increased responsibility for care of dementia patients by families in the community calls for interventions that reduce family stress and provide support for caregivers who manage the behavioral manifestations of the dementia.

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Wang, Huayuan, Ruihua Sun, Yingying Shi, Mingrong Xia, Jing Zhao, Miaomiao Yang, Limin Ma, et al. "Probable Novel PSEN1 Gln222Leu Mutation in a Chinese Family with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease." Current Alzheimer Research 16, no. 8 (October 11, 2019): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205016666190806161342.

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Background: The rate of occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease is increasing around the world. However, there is still no significant breakthrough in the study of its etiology and pathogenesis. Objective: To screen Alzheimer's disease pathogenic genes, which may be conducive to the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease And predict the pathogenicity by various computer software. Method: Clinical and neuroimaging examination, Whole Exome Sequencing, and Sanger sequencing were performed in the proband. Mutation sites were verified in 158 subjects. Results: We reported a proband carrying a probably novel pathogenic mutation, which clinically manifests as progressive memory loss, visual-spatial disorders, apraxia, psychobehavioral disorders, and temperamental and personality changes. Whole Exome Sequencing detected a novel missense mutation at codon 222 (Q222L), which is a heterozygous A to T point mutation at position 665 (c.665A>T) in exon 5 of the presenilin 1 leading to a glutamine-to-leucine substitution. The mutation was also identified by Sanger sequencing in one family member; nevertheless, it was not detected in the other 7 unaffected family members, 50 sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients and 100 control subjects. Conclusion: A novel mutation in exon 5 of the presenilin 1 gene (Gln222Leu) in a Chinese family with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease has been reported, besides， it was predicted that the missense mutation was probably a novel pathogenic mutation that was reported for the first time in a Chinese family with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

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Lin, Ker-Neng, Yi-Chu Liao, Pei-Ning Wang, and Hsiu-Chih Liu. "Family members favor disclosing the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." International Psychogeriatrics 17, no. 4 (September 27, 2005): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205001675.

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Background: Past negative attitudes towards patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have changed in recent years. However, the disclosure of AD diagnosis to patients and family remains an unresoved issue. In this study, we surveyed the family members of neurological patients in Taiwan for the purpose of assessing their attitudes towards the disclosure of AD diagnosis.Methods: The study sample consisted of family members (150, age range 23–89 years, mean 55.0±14.3) who accompanied patients to a neurology outpatient clinic from September 15 to November 24, 2003. The subjects were given an Attitude Questionnaire on AD Disclosure.Results: An overwhelming majority (93%) of subjects favored disclosure of the diagnosis if, hypothetically, they personally were affected by AD. However, a smaller majority of family members (76%) favored disclosure of the diagnosis to current AD patients. Reasons for favoring disclosure included a patient's or family member's right to know, the possibility of assistance in coping with and understanding dementia, and slowing down the progression of the disease by early treatment, as well as the increased probability of accepting treatment and life activity training. Reasons for favoring the withholding of disclosure included the risk of causing the patient emotional disturbance, worsening the disease, the irrelevance of disclosure to drug therapy, and the possibility of causing suicidal ideation. Subjects' attitudes towards disclosure of AD diagnosis were unaffected by their knowledge of dementia, the presence of a family member with AD, their role as the primary caregiver, the length of time that AD symptoms persisted, and the number of hours per day spent in caring for AD patients.Conclusions: In Taiwan, family members of neurological patients strongly favor being informed and the disclosure of AD diagnosis to the family.

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Moraes, Sandra Renata Pinatti de, and Luis Sidônio Teixeira da Silva. "An evaluation of the burden of Alzheimer patients on family caregivers." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 8 (August 2009): 1807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000800017.

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Caregivers are indispensable to persons living with Alzheimer's disease; however, such care involves hard work, and the consequences of this activity on caregivers are often neglected. The objective of this study was to construct a profile for caregivers of Alzheimer patients and to evaluate the burden such care imposes on them. It is a transversal study of 122 caregivers from the metropolitan region of Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. Socio-demographic data for the caregivers were analyzed, while the Katz scale and Lawton index were used to evaluate the functionality of Alzheimer's patients, and the Burden Interview Scale assessed the burden these patients impose on caregivers. Caregivers are predominantly married, are daughters who have learned to care for the patient on a daily basis, usually with some help, and they do so out of love. The caregiver's age (p < 0.01), whether or not the caregiver had help (p < 0.01), and the number of hours caring for the patient (p = 0.01) were associated with the impact. Results showed that the burden imposed on caregivers by Alzheimer patients is a heavy one.

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Kosloski, Karl, and Rhonda Montgomery. "Service Use by Family Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease." Seminars in Speech and Language 15, no. 03 (August 1994): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1064147.

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Wasow, Mona. "Support Groups for Family Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease." Social Work 31, no. 2 (March 1, 1986): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/31.2.93.

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Kaufer, Daniel I., Soo Borson, Paul Kershaw, and Kay Sadik. "Reduction of Caregiver Burden in Alzheimer's Disease by Treatment with Galantamine." CNS Spectrums 10, no. 6 (June 2005): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900023178.

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AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a progressive condition characterized by a loss of cognition, altered behavior, and a loss of functional ability, such as bathing, dressing, toileting, and organizing finances. Family and friends provide nearly three quarters of all care for patients with Alzheimer's disease. This informal care results in significant burden to caregivers. Caregiver burden is the set of physical, psychological or emotional, social, and financial problems that family members may experience when caring for impaired older adults. Caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients report higher rates of physical symptoms, mortality, depression, and fatigue, as well as adverse effects on employment compared with those who are not caregivers for Alzheimer's disease patients. In many cases, the same family members are responsible for both out-of-pocket expenditures and caregiving duties. For this article, a MEDLINE search using the key words “caregiver and Alzheimer's disease” and “cost and Alzheimer's disease” was performed. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on caregiver burden, the components of caregiver burden, effects of caregiving on the health of caregivers, the cost of Alzheimer's disease on the caregiver and society, and the benefits attainable with treatment.

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Philpot, Michael, Michelle Rottenstein, Alistair Burns, and Geoffrey Der. "Season of Birth in Alzheimer's Disease." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 05 (November 1989): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s000712500001816x.

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Variation in quarter of birth was examined in patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD. There was a significant excess of first-quarter births among AD patients as compared with the expected birth rates derived from an age-matched census sample. This finding was due entirely to the significant excess of first-quarter births in AD patients without a family history of dementia. No seasonal variation was found in the birth dates of other clinical groups.

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Philpot, Michael, Michelle Rottenstein, Alistair Burns, and Geoffrey Der. "Season of Birth in Alzheimer's Disease." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 5 (November 1989): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.155.5.662.

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Variation in quarter of birth was examined in patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD. There was a significant excess of first-quarter births among AD patients as compared with the expected birth rates derived from an age-matched census sample. This finding was due entirely to the significant excess of first-quarter births in AD patients without a family history of dementia. No seasonal variation was found in the birth dates of other clinical groups.

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Kongjit, Chalermpon, and Prem Tuntisak. "Analysis and Design of Prototype Application of Caregivers’ Supportive System Phase 1 Alzheimer’s Based on a Design Thinking Process." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 17, no. 13 (December 6, 2021): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i13.24979.

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There are 7 million Alzheimer’s patients in Thailand, and 10% of people of 65 years of age or more are in the early stages of this pernicious disease. Alzheimer’s reduces the quality of daily life in several ways, as well as having a negative impact on the work performance of the patient’s family. Alzheimer's’ patients cannot receive proper care at home, despite the good intentions and efforts of family members, but this is the only option available to many families due to the cost of care in an external setting. The tendency for Alzheimer's patients to wander away from home and become lost is even more problematic for their families and this tendency is estimated to worsen as time goes by. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to alleviate the concern of families by preventing their loved ones who are suffering from Alzheimer's from wandering away from home and becoming lost by designing a prototype system that can track and monitor their movements.Design thinking was used in this research as a creative problem-solving approach to produce an application with the core functions of tracking and monitoring the movement of Alzheimer's patients. The application’s accuracy was validated by a scenario test, the results of which were discussed based on user feedback.

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Kucmanski, Luciane Salete, Leoni Zenevicz, Daniela Savi Geremia, Valeria Silvana Faganello Madureira, Tatiana Gaffuri da Silva, and Sílvia Silva de Souza. "Alzheimer’s desease: challenges faced by family caregivers." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 19, no. 6 (December 2016): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562016019.150162.

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Abstract Gaps identified in Brazilian health policies and the need to develop and implement strategies for the empowerment and monitoring of family caregivers support the development of care proposals aimed at the family. The present study aimed to analyze the challenges faced by family members providing day to day care of patients with Alzheimer's disease in the city of Chapecó, Santa Catarina. The method employed was the qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews. The speeches were grouped, categorized and analyzed using the hermeneutic method. The results showed that during the period of Alzheimer's disease, caregivers experience a range of situations, including: a need to learn about the disease; dealing with guilt; and handling situations of pain, addiction and physical and psychological suffering. In conclusion the study described the challenges of the daily lives of these families, explaining the importance of and highlighting the need to adopt tools and strategies that provide physical, emotional, psychological and financial support to family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

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Park, Myonghwa, Mira Sung, Sun Kyung Kim, Sungjin Kim, and Dong Young Lee. "Multidimensional determinants of family caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 8 (April 8, 2015): 1355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215000460.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Caregiver burden is a complex and multidimensional construct. Although previous studies have explored numerous factors associated with caregiver burden, these factors have not been identified with a large population-based sample in a theory-based multidimensional way. This study explores multidimensional determinants associated with family caregiver burden to determine the main contributors of caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a large community dataset.Methods:A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted on 1,133 patients with AD and 1,133 primary caregivers who were registered in a metropolitan city dementia center in South Korea. The patient data included socio-demographic and disease profiles. The caregiver data consisted of socio-demographic and caregiving profiles.Results:The study results identified that dementia-related factors were the most significant factors, representing 25.6% of caregiver burden and were followed by caregiving-related factors explaining caregiver burden significantly. Behavioral problems and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) dependency of the patient, spousal relationship, hours of caregiving, and the number of diseases associated with the caregiver were found to be significant individual variables.Conclusions:It is vital to develop a service and support program with a greater emphasis on the behavioral problems and IADL deficiency of patients with AD as well as on improving the competence ability of caregivers to deal with such difficulties.

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Cachioni, Meire, Thaís Bento Lima-Silva, Tiago Nascimento Ordonez, Juliana Galo-Tiago, Ana Regina Alves, Milena Yuri Suzuki, and Deusivania Vieira da Silva Falcão. "Elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and their family relationships: Caregiver perspectives." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 5, no. 2 (June 2011): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05020010.

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Abstract Objective: The present study was to investigate the status of the family relationships of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease from a caregiver's perspective. Methods: A total of sixteen relatives/caregivers of AD patients were assessed by applying a semi-structured questionnaire about family relationships. Frequency tables containing categorical variables (gender, schooling, personal income and current occupation) were compiled. Descriptive statistics were calculated of continuous variables such as age. Answers to open questions were submitted to Bardin's content analysis. The data were held on the Epidata program and statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS v.17.0 software package. Results: In line with the literature, the family was the main source of caregivers and the typical caregiver profile was female. In contrast to other studies, emotional burnout was not a major complaint in the sample studied. The ties created among family members and the life experience of each individual influences how interviewees cope with AD. Conclusion: The family relationships of caregivers of AD patients represent a constant challenge, due to changes in roles within the family structure as well as to disease progression. However, participation in psychological and socio-educational activities run by pioneering institutions in Brazil, act as a mediator of stress in the lives of both caregivers and patients.

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Tristão, Francisco Reis, and Silvia Maria Azevedo dos Santos. "CARE OF THE ELDERLY WITH ALZHEIMER'S FAMILY CAREGIVER: A UNIVERSITY EXTENSION ACTIVITY." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, no. 4 (December 2015): 1175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-0707201500003060014.

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ABSTRACT An academic experience report of the university extension project: Mutual Help Group for Relatives of Elderly Living with Alzheimer's or Related Diseases. Alzheimer's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is part of the group of dementias, being characterized by the deterioration of the mental functions resulting in cognitive impairment. Therefore, the family caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer's needs care and guidance to promote management and care for themselves and for the patients. It is important to involve health professionals in this scenario, especially nurses, acting directly in the health education process. Thus, the academic involvement in the extension project enriches the college education based on the contact with a certain community and, in this context, provides for further interaction with the complexity involving families and elderly people with Alzheimer's.

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SCHULZ, RICHARD, and GAIL WILLIAMSON. "Biases in Family Assessments of Depression in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease." American Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 3 (March 1990): 377—b—378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.3.377-b.

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SHIELDS, CLEVELAND G. "Family Interaction and Caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Correlates of Depression." Family Process 31, no. 1 (March 1992): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1992.00019.x.

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Rapp, Thomas. "Patients' diagnosis decisions in Alzheimer's disease: The influence of family factors." Social Science & Medicine 118 (October 2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.052.

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Byers, Patricia H., Meridean L. Maas, Kathleen C. Buckwalter, and Lisa S. Kelley. "Family members' perceptions of care of institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's Disease." Applied Nursing Research 4, no. 3 (August 1991): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0897-1897(05)80070-9.

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Wormstall, H., A. G�nthner, C. Morawetz, and W. Schmidt. "Groups for family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease in Germany." Der Nervenarzt 67, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050049.

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Folle, Aline Duarte, Helena Eri Shimizu, and Janeth de Oliveira Silva Naves. "Social representation of Alzheimer's disease for family caregivers: stressful and rewarding." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 50, no. 1 (February 2016): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420160000100011.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To understand the content of Social Representation (SR) of family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. METHOD Interviews were conducted with 26 caregivers and analyzed by the ALCESTE software. RESULTS The SR content was structured in two thematic axes called Daily Life and Care and Medical and Emotional Concepts and Outcomes. The first axis creates images related to the routine of interaction with the sick person, and contains a description of care procedures, experiences, and practices applied every day. The second is composed of subjective and conceptual aspects that make up the social representation of Alzheimer's disease, with meanings related to the emotional, medical, and biological contexts. CONCLUSION Due to the importance of topics related to patients' dependence and the personal and emotional consequences of the disease, overload is the main content of the SR of Alzheimer's disease for caregivers, and the understanding of these SR by health professionals should support the planning of interventions addressing this group of individuals.

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Li, Yushi Boni, and Debra Lemke. "Caregiving for Elders with Alzheimer's in China." Illness, Crisis & Loss 6, no. 4 (October 1998): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/il6.4.a.

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As is true in much of the developed world, the older population of China is rapidly increasing. This presents many unique problems for Chinese society. Of all diseases associated with aging, Alzheimer's disease is the most stressful for the family. This stress on the family will in turn present problems for society. The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamics of caregiving for Alzheimer's patients in China. The investigators have completed a study with primary caregivers of Alzheimer's patients in and around Beijing, Jinan, and Baoding in the fall of 1997. The questionnaire focused on the stress that such a long-term illness causes in the household. Questions were designed to measure which family member provides primary and supplemental care as well as the nature of the care.

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Lokshina, A. B., D. A. Grishina, and A. V. Obukhova. "Early-onset Alzheimer's disease." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 14, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2022-2-110-116.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of cognitive impairment in adults. There are two main forms of AD: early-onset (onset before 65 years) and late-onset (onset after 65 years). Early-onset AD accounts for at least 5% of all disease cases. The risk of early-onset AD increases in the presence of a family burden and a history of traumatic brain injury. However, it is less associated with cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity compared to late-onset AD. The article provides a review of current publications on the diagnostic and treatment problems in early forms of AD. Clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging differences between AD with early and late onset are presented.On the example of a clinical observation of a patient with AD with an onset at the age of 38 years, stabilization of the cognitive defect for 6 months and a decrease in the severity of emotional and behavioral disorders after Akatinol Memantine administration are shown. The main problems of management of young patients with AD are considered.

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Sarikaya, Suna, and Musa Toprak. "Which Is More Challenging? To Be An Alzheimers Patient, Or To Be A Caregiver For One." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 8, no. 3 (July 22, 2015): 1651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v8i3.6605.

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The behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease impose a significant burden on the patients family and caregiver. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the health of individuals who care for Alzheimers patients by using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQoL-Bref) and the Caregiver Stress Scale, and also to evaluate the relationship between the health and demographic data of these caregivers.

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Ferris, Steven H., and Mary S. Mittelman. "Behavioral Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S1 (October 1996): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610296003146.

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In examining the current status and future potential of behavioral treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to begin by defining the scope and goals of such treatments. The category of behavioral treatments includes not only nonpharmacologic techniques to modify or enhance patient behavior, but also psychosocial interventions applied to family members and paid care providers. Caregiver interventions are important because they can reduce the negative impact of AD on those directly and indirectly affected by the disease. Based on current knowledge about the pathophysiology of AD, it is not considered likely that behavioral treatments can have a direct impact on the disease itself by affecting its clinical onset, rate of progression, or prognosis. Although it is conceivable that certain long-term behavioral interventions might delay onset of symptoms (e.g., mental “exercise” to enhance dendritic growth and increase “cognitive reserve,” or long-term stress reduction methods to minimize possible degenerative central nervous system effects of chronic stress), such approaches remain speculative, and their effectiveness would be difficult and expensive to demonstrate. Thus, the current goal of behavioral treatments is to reduce the negative effects of AD on the patient, on the patient's primary caregiver and immediate family, on the healthcare system, and on society as a whole. Such a goal is far from trivial because (a) successful treatment of primary pathophysiology is not on the immediate horizon, and (b) the impact of AD on the family and society represents a major cost of this tragic disease.

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Jivanjee, Pauline. "Enhancing the Well-Being of Family Caregivers to Patients with Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Gerontological Social Work 23, no. 1 (April 7, 1995): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j083v23n01_03.

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Tsolaki, Magda, Konstantinos Fountoulakis, Elen Chantzi, and Aristides Kazis. "Risk Factors for Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease: A Case-Control Study of a Greek Population." International Psychogeriatrics 9, no. 3 (September 1997): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161029700447x.

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Many efforts have been made to trace the causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are, however, many points of controversy among reports from the same country as well as among reports from different countries. The current study is a case-control study to determine the risk factors in the development of AD in Greece. Sixty-five patients with AD and 69 age-matched controls were examined. All patients with AD fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for AD and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD. Demographic characteristics such as gender, current marital status, who he/she is living with, education, main place of residence in childhood, adulthood, and late life, occupational hazards, patient's medical history (history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension), life habits like alcohol consumption and smoking, and a history of head trauma, heart attack, stroke, parkinsonism, or depression were collected from the subject or from an informant. A family history of selected diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dementia, Parkinson's disease, Down's syndrome, stroke) was also elicited. Ages of father and mother at birth were also recorded. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results (chi-square test) showed a statistically significant difference between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and controls as far as marital status (p = .04), the subject's history of major depressive episode (p = .02), and family history of dementia (p = .002) were concerned. Logistic regression analysis results produced a complex model of family aggregation of dementia, with patients with a history of depression and family history of dementia having an up to seven times higher risk of developing AD. These findings, especially a family history of dementia, are consistent with most of the literature.

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Magai, Carol, Carl Cohen, David Gomberg, Chris Malatesta, and Clayton Culver. "Emotional Expression During Mid- to Late-Stage Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 8, no. 3 (September 1996): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161029600275x.

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This study examined the quality of emotional responsivity in mid-to late-stage dementia patients. Eighty-two nursing home patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type served as subjects. Patients were staged using the Global Deterioration Scale. The level and type of patient affectivity were assessed by family reports, aide reports, and direct observation and coding of patient facial expressions during a family visit. All three measures indicated that patients with Alzheimer's disease expressed a range of affective signals. Some showed an intact and functional emotion system even during the last stage of the disease; one third of end-stage dementia patients expressed sadness at the departure of their relatives as coded by an objective facial affect coding system.

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Cummings, Jeffrey L. "Neuropsychiatric Assessment and Intervention in Alzheimer's Disease." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S1 (October 1996): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610296003043.

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Dementia is a major public health problem in the United States and the world, requiring the expenditure of enormous economic and human resources. Dementia is common in the elderly, and, as the size of the aged population increases, the number of dementia victims will rise. Many dementias are fatal, producing the gradual erosion of intellectual abilities and eventual death of the patient. Demands made on family members and caregivers of dementia patients are extraordinary and often result in their emotional and financial exhaustion. Although basic science efforts are devoted to finding a cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementing illnesses, there is an urgent need for research that has immediate applicability to the 4 million current dementia patients.

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Truter, Ilse. "Prescribing of drugs for Alzheimer's disease: a South African database analysis." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 2 (January 13, 2010): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991530.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Relatively few studies of mental illness in Africa have focused on dementia. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prescribing patterns and cost of drugs for Alzheimer's disease in a private health care sector patient population.Methods: A retrospective, exposure-cohort pharmacoepidemiological study was conducted. Data were obtained from a South African private pharmacy group for 2008. The database consisted of 1,578,346 medicine records.Results: A total of 588 patients (326 females and 262 males) received 2623 medicine items for Alzheimer's disease at a cost of R1,563,701.18 (average cost per item R596.15). The average age of the patients was 75.54 (SD = 10.48) years. Donepezil was the most frequently prescribed active ingredient (37.09%), followed by galantamine (36.94%). Donepezil accounted for 39.50% of the cost of Alzheimer medication. The average cost per prescription was R634.76 for donepezil and R551.35 for memantine. Only 5.27% of patients were prescribed more than one active ingredient for Alzheimer's disease during the year (mostly donepezil or galantamine, and memantine). Average prescribed daily doses (PDDs) of all active ingredients were generally lower than their respective defined daily doses (DDDs). The average PDD for donepezil was 7.45 mg (DDD = 7.5 mg), for galantamine 13.56 mg (DDD = 16 mg), for memantine 17.46 mg (DDD = 20 mg) and for rivastigmine 6.89 mg (DDD = 9 mg).Conclusions: A small number of patients were prescribed medicine for Alzheimer's disease. It is recommended that qualitative studies be undertaken to determine the cost-effectiveness of the different treatment options according to family members and carers.

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Castro, Diego M., Carol Dillon, Gerardo Machnicki, and Ricardo F. Allegri. "The economic cost of Alzheimer's disease: Family or public-health burden?" Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 4 (December 2010): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40400003.

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Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suffer progressive cognitive, behavioral and functional impairment which result in a heavy burden to patients, families, and the public-health system. AD entails both direct and indirect costs. Indirect costs (such as loss or reduction of income by the patient or family members) are the most important costs in early and community-dwelling AD patients. Direct costs (such as medical treatment or social services) increase when the disorder progresses, and the patient is institutionalized or a formal caregiver is required. Drug therapies represent an increase in direct cost but can reduce some other direct or indirect costs involved. Several studies have projected overall savings to society when using drug therapies and all relevant cost are considered, where results depend on specific patient and care setting characteristics. Dementia should be the focus of analysis when public health policies are being devised. South American countries should strengthen their policy and planning capabilities by gathering more local evidence about the burden of AD and how it can be shaped by treatment options.

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Schmidt, Melanie Scheneider, Melissa Orlandi Honório Locks, Karina Silveira de Almeida Hammerschmidt, Darla Lusia Ropelato Fernandez, Francisco Reis Tristão, and Juliana Balbinot Reis Girondi. "Challenges and technologies of care developed by caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 21, no. 5 (October 2018): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562018021.180039.

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Abstract Objective: to identify the challenges and technologies of care developed by caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Method: an exploratory study with a qualitative approach was carried out with nine caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease from the mutual help group of a university hospital in the south of Brazil. Data collection took place between May and August 2017 through a semi-structured interview. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: two categories emerged from the analysis of the data: the challenges faced by caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's Disease and the care technologies developed by caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: the study showed that the care strategies elaborated by the caregiver can enhance understanding, reflection and discussion among health professionals, caregivers and family members about quality care for the elderly and minimize the difficulties of care in order to provide greater quality of care for the elderly.

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Medrano, Martin, Rebeca López Rosario, Anyolina Núñez Payano, and Natacha Reynoso Capellán. "Burden, anxiety and depression in caregivers of Alzheimer patients in the Dominican Republic." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 8, no. 4 (December 2014): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn84000013.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a major impact by limiting the ability to live independently. This condition of dependency involves all members of the family, particularly those who take direct care of patients. The changes that take place in caregivers' lives may alter their health and have an effect on the care of the sick. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of burden, anxiety and depression in caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 67 family caregivers from the Alzheimer's Clinic Research Unit, Memory and Alzheimer, in the city of Santiago, Dominican Republic. Caregivers were evaluated for burden intensity with the Zarit scale and for both depression and anxiety using the respective Hamilton scales. Descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson correlation were used. RESULTS: 84% of caregivers were female, and 52% were older than 50 years. A total of 36% exhibited caregiver burden; 19% anxiety symptoms; and 43% depressive symptoms. No statistical significance was found between age, sex and number of hours of care. A significant association was found in the Pearson correlation coefficient between caregiver burden, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: Caregiver burden was associated with anxiety and depression. It is important for health professionals to include caregiver assessments in the treatment protocols of dementia. Policy should include support programs for carers.

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Woerner, Louise, and Karen Casper. "Alzheimer's Care." American Journal of Alzheimer's Care and Related Disorders & Research 2, no. 2 (March 1987): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153331758700200204.

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The characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) create specialized problems of care for the Alzheimer's patient. Treatment for AD victims does not only involve medical procedures; rather, Alzheimer's disease is what Kahn termed a bio-psycho-social phenomenon. 1 Since the epidemiology of the disease is not treatable as such, the emphasis of Alzheimer's care is on management of its physical, social, and psychological manifestations. Therefore, nursing home care and home health care are not sufficient for AD victims. Alzheimer's patients need the specialized care we've called Alzheimer's care, which is directed toward meeting the specific needs of AD victims and their families. It is generally agreed that both in stitutional and home settings are appropriate for treating certain characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, depending on the degree to which the disease has progressed, financial circumstances, and the family's ability and willingness to keep the patient at home. The choice between nursing home placement and home care is, of course, ultimately the decision of the primary caregiver or family. If caregivers are unable or unwilling to serve as the primary support for a victim-because of their financial considerations, their own infirmities, or because the responsibility for care becomes overwhelming-a family may feel that the decision to place the patient in a nursing home is the only alternative. In our experience, we have found that specialized Alzheimer's care, delivered in a home setting, can place the responsibility for primary care with home care professionals. The environment or treatment setting is highly significant in the management of Alzheimer's disease. We have found that of the two major settings for treatment ofAD patients-the institution and the home-the home is significantly more adaptable to Alzheimer's care. The home environment is familiar and can, with planning and training, be very helpful in the care plan. Home health personnel assigned to such cases can be specifically selected, trained, and supervised to maximize their effectiveness in providing the highest quality of Alzheimer's care. Under the assumption that many families do have a choice in treatment settings for an AD victim and that the home may be the more effective treatment setting, this article will seek to explain the adaptability of the home health option for Alzheimer's care.

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Paiva, Sara, Rui Peleja, Jorge Cunha, and Carlos Abreu. "Preventing Alzheimer’s Wandering." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 8, no. 4 (October 2013): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.2013100103.

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With increased life expectancy, the incidence of age-related cognitive impairments, faced by the elderly and older generations, is growing. Among the population with cognitive impairments, those that suffer from Alzheimer’s disease are the most common. The Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic degenerative brain disorder that is characterised by a failure of memory and, in some instances, by disorders in language, perception and planning. As a consequence of the progressive damages imposed by the illness, patients will increasingly seek and need assistance. This paper presents a tool to aid the development and managing of caregiving communities, comprising immediate family members, relatives, neighbours and healthcare professionals, to assist patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Such communities could have a strong impact on the quality of care provided to the patients. At the same time, it is hoped that involving communities will significantly improve the quality of life of Alzheimer's patients and their families while reducing the costs related to the care provided.

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Yang, Yuan-Han, Kenichi Meguro, Sang-Yun Kim, Yong-Soo Shim, Xin Yu, Christopher Li-Hsian Chen, Huali Wang, et al. "Impact of Alzheimer's Disease in Nine Asian Countries." Gerontology 62, no. 4 (2016): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443525.

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Background: Asia will soon have the majority of demented patients in the world. Objective: To assess dementia using a uniform data system to update the current status of dementia in Asia. Methods: A uniformed data set was administered in Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia to gather data with regard to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its related issues for these countries. Results: In total, 2,370 AD patients and their caregivers were recruited from 2011 to 2014. The demographic characteristics of these patients and the relationships between patients and caregivers were different among individuals in these countries (p < 0.001). Of note, the family history for having dementia was 8.2% for females in contrast to 3.2% for males. Conclusion: Our study highlighted the differences in dementia assessment and care in developing versus developed countries. Greater effort with regard to studying dementia, especially in developing countries, is necessary.

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Finley, Ron. "Tacrine for Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Considerations." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 8, no. 5 (October 1995): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009500800505.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible neurological disease that burdens both patient and family with emotional, financial, and social costs. Approximately four million people have been diagnosed as having AD. In 1991, 266,000 cases of AD were diagnosed. This number is expected to increase as our population ages. In the past numerous drugs have been studied and used clinically in an attempt to reverse or slow the memory impairment, confusion, and behavioral problems caused by AD. None have been found to be consistently effective. In November 1993 the first drug in the USA, tacrine (Cognex), was approved for the treatment of AD. This approval has not come without some controversy. A considerable debate still exists as to the efficacy of tacrine in AD. Approximately 45% of patients will have a substantial increase in their liver function tests (ALT). Patients require close monitoring, especially during the first 18 weeks of treatment. In addition to this, tacrine does appear to have a number of less serious, but bothersome side effects and possible drug-drug and drug-disease interactions. This article provides the pharmacist with practical information regarding the safe, most effective use of this interesting drug. Tacrine is the first drug approved for the treatment of AD, but almost certainly not the last.

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Navab, Elham, Reza Negarandeh, Hamid Peyrovi, and Peyman Navab. "Stigma among Iranian family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease: A hermeneutic study." Nursing & Health Sciences 15, no. 2 (December 11, 2012): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12017.

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Prigerson, Holly G. "Costs to Society of Family Caregiving for Patients with End-Stage Alzheimer's Disease." New England Journal of Medicine 349, no. 20 (November 13, 2003): 1891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp038157.

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Gelman, Caroline Rosenthal. "“La Lucha”: The Experiences of Latino Family Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease." Clinical Gerontologist 33, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317111003773643.

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Collins, Clare, Manfred Stommel, Charles W. Given, and Sharon King. "Knowledge and use of community services among family caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease patients." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 5, no. 2 (April 1991): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9417(05)80021-4.

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Rainero, Innocenzo, Lodovico Bergamini, Amalia Cecilia Bruni, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Jean-François Foncin, Giorgio Gei, Fabio Macciardi, Maria Paola Montesi, Lorenzo Pinessi, and Giovanna Vaula. "A New Italian Pedigree with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089198879400700106.

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We have recently discovered in Torino (Italy) a new pedigree with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The index patient is a woman who, at the age of 43 years, showed progressive memory impairment and ideomotor apraxia. Several relatives of the patient have had a history of dementia. The ancestors of the patient were from Calabria (southern Italy) and members of the family emigrated to the north of Italy, to France, and to the United States. Up to now, the new kindred comprises 1950 members, distributed in eight generations. Thirty members affected with Alzheimer's disease have been identified. Neuropathologic confirmation of antemortem clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease has been achieved for one patient. The pedigree is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. The clinical course of the disease is fairly uniform: the first symptom is memory loss, beginning around age 40 years. Psychiatric symptoms like hallucinations and delusions follow. At a later stage of the disease, several patients developed myoclonus and generalized epileptic seizures and even-tually died with profound dementia. The “Torino family” shows several genealogic and clinical similarities with other large multigenerational familial Alzheimer's disease pedigrees originating from the Calabria region.

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Marriott, Alison, Catherine Donaldson, Nicholas Tarrier, and Alistair Burns. "Effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural family intervention in reducing the burden of care in carers of patients with Alzheimer's disease." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 6 (June 2000): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.6.557.

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BackgroundThe majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease live outside institutions and there is considerable serious psychological morbidity among their carers.AimsTo evaluate whether family intervention reduces the subjective burden of care in carers of patients with Alzheimer's disease and produces clinical benefits in the patients.MethodA prospective single-blind randomised controlled trial with three-month follow-up in which the experimental group received family intervention and was compared with two control groups.ResultsThere were significant reductions in distress and depression in the intervention group compared with control groups at post-treatment and follow-up. There were significant reductions in behavioural disturbance at post-treatment and an increase in activities at three months in patients in the intervention group. Based on an improvement on the General Health Questionnaire resulting in a carer converting from a case to a non-case, the number to treat was three immediately post-treatment and two at follow-up.ConclusionsFamily intervention can have significant benefits in carers of patients with Alzheimer's disease and has a positive impact on patient behaviour.

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Zeng, Yan, Wei Chang, Chang Shu, Lina Ma, Yuanyuan Huang, Ruoshi Wang, Junpeng Zhang, Changcai Zhu, and Shawn M. McClintock. "Decreased Cognitive Function in Extended Family Members from the Single Late-Onset-Alzheimer's-Disease Pedigree." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 19, no. 7 (June 7, 2013): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617713000581.

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AbstractA family history of dementia is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) late in life (LOAD). This study marked the first attempt to assess the familial contribution to differences in cognitive performance in a large family-based group in the Chinese community. We enrolled 168 participants without dementia from a single pedigree with 9 probable AD patients diagnosed after age 65. These participants were evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, the Chinese version of the Mini Mental State Examination, and the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale. Analyses found that extended family members of the LOAD pedigree showed similar performance on measures of global cognitive function and semantic memory compared to controls, but lower scores on episodic memory, attention, and executive function measures. These results indicate that the genetic influences on certain sub-cognitive domains are more detectable despite normal global cognitive function, and that family members with the LOAD pedigree are at risk for developing LOAD by virtue of their family history with an additive risk due to increased age. The findings in this study support the importance of documenting if there is a positive family history of AD in clinical evaluations. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)

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Wu, Jin, Masatomo Ishikawa, Jichun Zhang, and Kenji Hashimoto. "Brain Imaging of Nicotinic Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/548913.

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Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a family of ligand-gated ion channels which are widely distributed in the human brain. Several lines of evidence suggest that two major subtypes (α4β2 and α7) of nAChRs play an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Postmortem studies demonstrated alterations in the density of these subtypes of nAChRs in the brain of patients with AD. Currently, nAChRs are one of the most attractive therapeutic targets for AD. Therefore, several researchers have made an effort to develop novel radioligands that can be used to study quantitatively the distribution of these two subtypes in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this paper, we discuss the current topics onin vivoimaging of two subtypes of nAChRs in the brain of patients with AD.

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Ponce, Cinthia Costa, Tiago Nascimento Ordonez, Thaís Bento Lima-Silva, Glenda Dias dos Santos, Luciane de Fátima Viola, Paula Villela Nunes, Orestes Vicente Forlenza, and Meire Cachioni. "Effects of a psychoeducational intervention in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 5, no. 3 (September 2011): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05030011.

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Abstract Psychoeducational activities are a way of promoting help for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease, representing a forum for knowledge sharing, and in which the primary focus is on psychological themes aimed at carers developing coping skills and strategies. Objective: The main objective of this study was to gauge perceptions about care and its impact among family caregivers of patients with AD participating in a psychoeducational group intervention, as well as the possible positive and negative aspects associated with this role. The subjective impact of AD on the lives of these caregivers was assessed on each of the dimensions of the Caregiver Burden Scale using a semi-directed interview on perceptions about care. Methods: This was a prospective study, in which information was collected twice, before and after, psychoeducational intervention. Through the application of the scale, benefits were evident for all dimensions assessed in the instrument (general strain, isolation, disappointment, emotional involvement and environment). Results: The results showed that after the psychoeducational intervention, caregivers felt less burdened by care compared to pre-intervention. Conclusion: These findings confirm that expanded implementation of psychoeducational interventions for caregivers of patients with AD can be beneficial for both caregivers and patients.

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Lynöe, Niels, Mikael Sandlund, and Lars Jacobsson. "When Others Decide: Reasons for Allowing Patients With Alzheimer's Disease to Participate in Nontherapeutic Research." International Psychogeriatrics 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161029800550x.

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The quality of information given to family members of patients with Alzheimer's disease was studied. The patients had participated in a pharmacological investigation. The relatives were generally satisfied with the information given, and perceived it as adequate. The reasons given for allowing the patients to participate in the investigation were mainly altruistic.

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Inouye, Keika, Elisete Silva Pedrazzani, Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini, and Cristina Yoshie Toyoda. "Perceived quality of life of elderly patients with dementia and family caregivers: evaluation and correlation." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 17, no. 2 (April 2009): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000200008.

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This study aimed to evaluate the perceived quality of life of elderly patients with dementia and their respective family caregivers and identify correlations between variables. Participants (n=106) were elderly patients with Alzheimer attended by the Exceptional Medication Program in a city in the interior of Sao Paulo, and their respective caregivers. Measures of quality of life were obtained through the Quality of Life Assessment Scale on Alzheimer's disease. Data were entered into a database in the Statistical Program for Social Sciences for descriptive analysis and Spearman's correlation. The total average score for patients and caregivers was 29.32 (sd=±6.27, x min=16, x max=42) and 38.83 points (sd=±5.62, x min=29, x max=49). The associated rho coefficient was (+)0.406 (p<0.005). This result indicates moderate correlation between quality of life of caregivers and elderly patients with dementia.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Alzheimer's disease – Patients – Family'

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