Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alzheimer, Maladie d' – Chimiothérapie – Recherche'
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Loiseau, Valérie. "La maladie d'Alzheimer : à la recherche d'une stratégie thérapeutique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P090.
Full textAymard, Guy. "Recherche d'une interaction pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique entre la tacrine et la nimodipine chez des patients présentant une maladie d'Alzheimer." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P172.
Full textPutrus, Rana. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de décalines et pipéridines à visée anti-Alzheimer et d'acridones à visée anti-tumorale." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P644.
Full textThe first part of this work recalls a general introduction for Alzheimer Disease and its treatments. Functionalized decalins and piperidines compounds have been synthesized and their anticholinesterasic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties were evaluated. Synthetic approaches to decalins and their synthesized derived from the key compound 3,7-dinitro-11-oxa-tricyclo [6. 2. 1. 01. 6] undec-9-ene, is described. Different types of reactions towards bioactive compounds, including the endoxyde opening reactions (first series), and other reactions to functionalize the nitro group and the double bond (second series) are developed. Regarding the synthesis of functionalized piperidines derived from the lactone of 4-hydroxypipecolic acid, two general pathways for lactone ring-opening are investigated. For a first serie of compounds a Wittig type reaction on the corresponding lactol is considered. For the second serie, a nucleophilic attack on the lactone is considered to introduce a functionalized chain. This work opens access to new bicyclic series. In a second part of this work, the synthesis of simplified acridones derived from the highly cytotoxic furanic parent compounds is described: O-allylation and functionalization into epoxides and esters of 1,3-dihydroxyacridones. Evaluation of their antitumor properties is also well presented
Mercy, Muriel. "La maladie d'Alzheimer et son traitement par la tacrine : enquête sur 20 patients à l'hôpital St-Anne de Paris." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P023.
Full textHedo, Nathalie. "La maladie d'Alzheimer et la tacrine (COGNEX R) : étude rétrospective menée sur le groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière entre octobre 1994 et août 1997." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P187.
Full textGoumidi, Araria Louisa. "Recherche de facteurs de susceptibilité génétique de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2MT21.
Full textPottier, Cyril. "Déterminisme de la maladie d'Alzheimer : expression du gène APP et recherche de nouveaux gènes causaux par séquençage d'exomes." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUENR06.
Full textPariente, Antoine. "Impact des inhibiteurs de l'acétylcholinestérase dans la maladie d'Alzheimer et les maladies apparentées." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21574.
Full textMore than 850 000 persons are affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias in France. The clinical meaning of the efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors (Ch1s) in these indications remains controversial. The objective of this thesis was to estimate the impact of Ch1s in population in the treatment of AD and other dementias. Firstly, we studied the use of Ch1s in the population : 20 % of demented patients could use Ch1s in France, among whom 45 % would present one-year persistence to treatment, the persistence being lower for older or paucisymptomatic patients. These factors could thus lmit the potential impact of Ch1s. Secondly, we studied the efficacy of Ch1s in the population : Ch1 use, without considering its patterns, was not associated with a decreased risk of rapid cognitive decline. Conversely in treated patients, non-persistence was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of institutionalisation or death. Ch1s could thus have a clinically meaningful efficacy providing that their patterns of use warrant a sufficient persistence. Thirdly, we studied the safety of Ch1s in the population : the risk of severe adverse events, among all events, was higher for patients treated with Ch1s using psychotropics. The use of antipsychotics was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, without any interaction with the use of Ch1. These results could help reconsidering the interest of Ch1s in the treatment of AD and other dementias. They also allowed to identify the populations in which the patterns of use of Ch1s were the most likely to compromise their therapeutic benefit and should be optimized to improve the impact of these drugs
Devevey, Alain Dubois Danièle. "Aspects lexico-sémantiques du langage dans la maladie d'Alzheimer nouvelles perspectives de recherche /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/devevey_a.
Full textDevevey, Alain. "Aspects lexico-sémantiques du langage dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : nouvelles perspectives de recherche." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/devevey_a.
Full textAmoureux, Marie-Claude. "Rôle biologique de la métallothionéine-III dans le système nerveux central : approche moléculaire et cellulaire." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30252.
Full textLambert, Jean-Charles. "Recherche de déterminants génétiques susceptibles de moduler l'impact de l'apolipoprotéine E dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-435.pdf.
Full textMeunier, Johann. "Mise en évidence d'une composante sigma-1 (σ1) dans les effets pharmacologiques et neuroprotecteurs du donepezil (aricept®) chez la souris." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20097.
Full textSabourdy, Claire. "Exploitation d'une technique d'analyse électrochimique, la voltampérométrie cyclique sur électrode à poudre de graphite, pour la détection de composés électroactifs normaux ou pathologiques dans les liquides biologiques." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120032.
Full textPerruchini, Claire. "Le peptide Aβ de la maladie d'Alzheimer : recherche de ses partenaires moléculaires : sa mise en évidence par des domaines VHH d'anticorps de lama." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066227.
Full textLafay-Chebassier, Claire. "Etude du contrôle traductionnel dans des modèles de la maladie d'Alzheimer : recherche de cibles thérapeutiques." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT1802.
Full textNdiaye, Séga. "Recherche des partenaires de l'amyloïde-bêta 1-42 par spectrométrie de masse." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066540.
Full textRobert, Sylvain. "Influence des récepteurs 5-HT4 de la sérotonine sur la maturation du précurseur de la protéine ß-amyloi͏̈de associée à la maladie d'Alzheimer." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114819.
Full textThe serotonin 5-HT4 receptors are heptahelical transmembrane receptors that are positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. In the first part of this work, we showed that the human 5-HT4 receptor stimulated the secretion of the non-amyloi͏̈dogenic soluble form of the amyloid precursor protein (sAPPa), a key protein involved in Alzheimer's disease which has neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects. In the second part of this work we showed that this process which was cAMP dependent but PKA independent, involved a new signaling pathway of the 5-HT4 receptors that involved the small G proteins, Rac and Rap 1. Rac activation results from activation of Rap1 through the cAMP-activated guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac. Futhermore, we showed that secretion of sAPPa induced by the human 5-HT4 receptor is due to its specific effect on a a-secretase activity. These findings may lead to the identification of new targets for the regulation of APP processing
Bruandet, Amélie Amouyel Philippe. "Facteurs pronostiques de patients atteints de démence suivis en Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche exemple d'utilisation de bases de données médicales à des fins de recherche clinique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336252/fr.
Full textBruandet, Amélie. "Facteurs pronostiques de patients atteints de démence suivis en Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche : exemple d'utilisation de bases de données médicales à des fins de recherche clinique." Lille 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336252/fr/.
Full textDuplan, Laure. "Recherche de marqueurs protéiques et génétiques au cours de la maladie d'Alzheimer et étude de l'implication de la lithostathine." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T124.
Full textEl, Oumami Hassan. "Les lectines endogènes solubles du système nerveux humain : Purification, caractérisation et recherche de variations liées à la pathologie." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132025.
Full textMolina, Laurence. "Exploration immunologique à visée diagnostique de la démence de type Alzheimer : recherche et évaluation biochimique de nouveaux marqueurs dans le liquide céphalo-rachidien." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13520.
Full textPhivilay, Alix. "Approches nanotechnologiques et nutraceutiques dans le traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25317/25317.pdf.
Full textDaloy, Patrick. "RU 47213, cholinomimétique : étude bibliographique du parachlorophénol libéré au cours de la biotransformation du RU 47213 en son métabolite actif, le RU 35963. Validation d'une méthode de dosage du RU 35963 par HPLC et détection UV." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P242.
Full textJoussain, Pauline. "La perception hédonique de l'odeur durant le vieillissement normal et pathologique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10302.
Full textThis manuscript is about olfactory pleasantness perception during ageing and during Alzheimer disease. The two first studies of this manuscript show a decrease of olfactory pleasure for pleasant odors, whereas pleasantness perception for unpleasant odors is preserved. This effect was objectified using electroencephalography, with which we show a decrease of beta power during aging specifically for pleasant odors (study 1). Using functional MRI (study 2), we observed that the differences of activation between old young and subject subjects were much larger and more extensively spread for pleasant odors than for unpleasant odors. The two following studies show that the hedonic perception changes occurring during ageing are associated with some life quality parameters like food intake and nutritional state. The study 3 has shown that chemotherapy alters the hedonic perception for food odors (but not for non-food odors) in seniors with lung cancer. And we observed in the study 4 that physiological responses to odors were dependent on the nutritional status in older people (but not in young adults).The two last studies show that Alzheimer patients devalue pleasant odors compared to controls, whereas pleasantness perception for unpleasant odors is preserved. Taken as a whole, these data suggest that aging, whether normal or pathological, reduces the pleasure associated with pleasant smells and preserves the operation of the "aversive" olfactory system, survival outweighing pleasure
Bauer, Virginie. "Contribution à l'influence des événements de vie dans l'étiologie des maladies démentielles de l'âgé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0339/document.
Full textAmong the elderly, Alzheimer disease and related pathologies currently constitute a real public health issue. The anatomo-pathological lesions of these diseases may be clearly defined but their etiology remains uncertain and is likely multifactorial. As a clinician psychologist, theories involving psychism in the etiology of demential diseases among elderly, first held my attention. A review of the question enabled me to make a list supposed to be exhaustive and divided into 3 categories : psycho-dynamic, psycho-social theories and multifactorial integrative patterns. Among the latter, the one involving life events as risk factors motivated this double research. Thus is a qualitive procedure, 2 studies started in parallel. The first retrospective dealing with life stories of a population of 30 people affected by Alzheimer or related diseases, hosted in a protected life-unit ; the second prospective scanning through cognitive evolution based on several years for 30 elderly people unharmed by troubles at the start of the study (depending on their life stories having many or few life events). If a certain amount of disturbing events are recounted by relatives for most of the patients of the retrospective research, the prospective research shows that an important number of live events is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition to represent a risk factor of cognitive troubles. On the other hand, the elaboration or non elaboration of there events, their traumatic or non traumatic aspect (linked with the received or not received support and help) seems to be determining in the cognitive evolution of the subjects. Finally, among most of the subjects for whom past events prove to be traumatic, a contemporary "loss"-like episode would revive memories and would be an accelerating factor of cognitive troubles and even a collapse to a memory pathology
Jean, Lukinson. "Prévenir, repérer et surveiller en situation d'incertitude : logiques professionnelles et logiques scientifiques dans la recherche sur la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0005.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to work in a preventive medical trial on Alzheimer's disease in France. The survey was carried out mainly at two “Centres Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches” (CMRR) which were among the main recruiters of the research protocol. Above all, it sought to highlight the many forms of uncertainty surrounding the clinical trial, from the recruitment work to the management of the participants. More precisely, this work aims to lookat, on the one hand, the extent to which certain social properties of workers influence the professional and scientific logics and, on the other hand, what factors led to the departure of many participants in the multi-site clinical trial
Ramzaoui, Hanane. "Recherche visuelle et activités instrumentales de la vie quotidienne : Influence des niveaux de traitement dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR2033.
Full textElderly people, in particular those with Alzheimer's disease (AD), show impaired visual search performance. As instrumental activities of daily living (IADL, e.g., cooking) involve searching for one or more objects in the environment, search deficits may impact quality of life. Research so far on normal aging and AD have often decontextualized visual scenes. Thus, we know very little about how search can be guided by bottom-up perceptual and top-down cognitive factors in more realistic scenes for these two populations. Through four experimental studies, this thesis aims to investigate the influence of top-down and bottom-up factors on search oculomotor behaviour in realistic scenes (e.g., a photograph of a kitchen) and real environments (experimental rooms) in normal aging and AD, and then, to investigate the influence of both top-down guidance and IADL complexity on visual exploration during IADL in patients at the mild stage of AD. Our results indicate that reliance on a target’s perceptual salience is more pronounced with advanced age and AD pathology. Healthy older adults rely comparably as young adults on scene semantic consistency to guide their searches in realistic scenes, and even more on contextual knowledge when searching for objects in a real environment. In AD, the influence of context on search guidance is reduced in realistic scenes. Interestingly, a precise target template (provided by a pictorial cue) normalises the performance of AD patients during search within a real environment. In realistic scenes, AD patients also showed benefits from a precise target template to guide their search, but the facilitation of distractor disengagement is reduced. Unexpectedly, the benefit from a precise target template is more pronounced in young adults than in older healthy adults. This could be explained by a reduction in the resolution of visual information maintained in working memory as people age. Regarding IADL completion in AD, guidance by task goals is only reduced for IADL that require a high level of top-down executive processing. Overall, our results suggest that top-down and bottom-up guidance can be considered as efficient environmental supports and that analysis of eye movement during IADL can be of great interest for the detection of functional impairment in AD
Lagnaoui, Rajaa. "Etude de la relation entre utilisation de benzodiazépines et risque de démence." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28875.
Full textContext :Benzodiazepines zre widely used in elderly persons ; they can induce cognitive impairment and are suspected to increase the risk of dementia. Objective : To examine the possible association between benzodiazepine use and the risk of dementia. Design : nested case-control studies. Setting : (1) Community settings in Bordeaux area, France, (2) community-dwelling and institutionalized patients initiating a treatment for a mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease in France and (3) Quebec community-dwelling persons who participated in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA). Main outcome measures : Use of benzodiazepines in incident cases of dementia vs non-demented controls at the same index date. Information on benzodiazepine use was obtained by face-to-face interview and visual assessment of patient's medicine for the French studies and from linkage with the provincial prescription database for the Canadian study. Results : After controlling for age, gender, education level, living alone, wine consumption, psychiatric history and depressive symptomatology, ever use of benzodiazepines was associated with a significantly increased risk of dementia (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1. 7 ; 95 % confidence interval, 1. 2-2. 4). Former use was associated with a significantly increased risk of dementia (adjusted OR, 2. 3 ; 95 % CI, 1. 2-4. 5). No association was found between dementia and current use of benzodiazepines. The main finding of the Canadian study was that past use of benzodiazepines was associated with slightly increased risk of cognitive decline including dementia ; however this association was not statistically significant at the 0. 05 level. Results were adjusted for age, education level, dependence level (ADL), exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and estrogen replacement therapy. Conclusion : Our finding suggest that former use of benzodiazepines could be a risk factor for dementia. The high prevalence of benzodiazepine use in the elderly population and the increasing incidence of dementia in developed countries make these conclusions particularly relevant from a public health point of view even if additional studies to examine this relationship are called for
Rochoy, Michaël. "Recherche de facteurs associés à la maladie d’Alzheimer par réutilisation de base de données massives." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S001/document.
Full textINTRODUCTION. Severe neurocognitive disorders or dementias are defined by ICD-10 and DSM-5. They encompass a broad nosographic framework: Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontal-temporal lobar degeneration, etc. Each type of dementia has its own diagnostic criteria and partially identified risk factors. Identifying cognitive disorders in large databases is a complex issue, which must take into account changes in knowledge. Our first objective was to describe the evolution of dementia coding in the national database of the Medicalization of Information Systems Program (PMSI) for short stays, as diagnostic criteria evolved. Our second objective was to summarize the main known associated factors of Alzheimer's disease. Our third objective was to determine the factors associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease in the national database of the short stay PMSI.METHODS. For the first work, we used the main diagnoses on the ScanSanté site for the short stay PMSI from 2007 to 2017. For the second work, we synthesized the literature reviews and meta-analyses using the PubMed and LiSSa search engines. For the third work, we conducted an analytical study by data mining in the national database of the short stay PMSI for patients aged 55 years or older in 2014: we selected 137 potential explanatory variables in 2008; the dependant variable was Alzheimer's disease or dementia in 2014.RESULTS. Our first work on the identification of dementias shows a decrease in inpatient stays with a main diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia, with a shift towards other organic mental disorders; stability of inpatint stays with a main diagnosis of vascular dementia but with a modification of under-diagnosis (decrease in main diagnoses of multiple heart attacks and increase in all other subtypes); a significant increase in inpatient stays with a main diagnosis of dementia or other persistent or late cognitive disorders related to alcohol consumption; a homogeneous evolution throughout the French territory. These results support a coding that respects the evolution of the literature. Our next two studies on the identification of at-risk populations identify several factors associated with Alzheimer's disease or dementia, including age, gender, diabetes mellitus, depression, undernutrition, bipolar, psychotic and anxiety disorders, low education, excess alcohol, epilepsy, falls after age 75 and intracranial hypertension. These associated factors may be risk factors, early, revealing or precipitating symptoms.CONCLUSION. Identifying cognitive disorders in large databases requires a good understanding of the evolution of dementia coding, which seems to respect the evolution of knowledge. The identification of patients with factors associated with dementia allows a more focused early identification and then proper identification of the etiological diagnosis necessary for appropriate management
Chouraki, Vincent. "Études d’association pangénomique appliquées à la recherche de nouveaux facteurs de risque génétique de la maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S011/document.
Full textDementia is a syndrom caused by several brain diseases progressively deteriorating cognitivefunctions and occurs more frequently in the elderly. The increased number of patients withdementia due to the ageing of the general population and the high cost of care add up tomake dementia a concerning public health issue.Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It is often diagnosedafter 65 years old and has a strong genetic component. Familial forms exist and are mainlycaused by mutations in the amyloid-b protein precursor, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 genes.However, the vast majority of cases result from the complex interaction of environmental factors with susceptibility genes.Using a candidate gene approach, numerous genes associated with AD risk were identified,but due to technical and methodological problems, only the apoliprotein E (APOE) genewas replicated. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aim to identify frequent geneticvariants associated with disease risk in a hypothesis-free manner. Starting 2009, severalconsortia aiming to perform this type of analyses in the field of AD robustly identified fournew genes associated with AD risk, CLU, PICALM, CR1 and BIN1. However, these genes puttogether only explain a small proportion of the total genetic variance of AD and the searchfor new susceptibility genes remains an important goal for AD research.In this work, we first tried to replicate the results of the top genes reported using thecandidate gene approach, using GWAS data from the European Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative(EADI). Most of these genes showed weak levels of association. Using GWAS, we were ableto identify 19 new genes associated with AD risk besides APOE, including 11 that had notbeen reported by previous studies, first through an informal collaboration between consortia,then under the name of International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Disease Project (IGAP).Assuming that use of endophenotypes related to AD would be relevant for the discoveryof genetic variants involved in the early pathophysiology of AD, we then performed aGWAS of plasma amyloid-b (Ab) concentrations. This study showed suggestive asssociationsbetween the CTXN3 gene on chromosome 5 and Ab1−42 plasma levels.To sum up, using GWAS enabled us to identify new genes associated with AD risk. Thesegenes point to interesting new research hypotheses and hopefully, to a better understandingof AD pathophysiology and development of effective drugs
Youssef, Ihsen. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la mort neuronale induite par le peptide de ß-amyloïde soluble : recherche et validation fonctionnelle de cibles cellulaires." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL068N/document.
Full textAging of population is correlated to the increase of neurodegenerative disease, more particularly Alzheimer disease. Defining early diagnostic markers and new therapeutic strategies are highly relevant. Among the molecular pathways which are currently developed, N-terminal-truncated forms of amyloid-ß (Aß) peptide have been recently suggested to play a pivotal role in the disease. Among them, Aß3(?pE)42 ?peptide is the dominant Aß species in amyloid plaques. We first investigated the effects of soluble oligomeric Aß3(pE) 42 after intracerebroventricular injection on mice learning capacities and the molecular mechanisms of in vitro neurotoxicity. Mice injected with soluble Aß3(pE) 42 displayed impaired spatial working memory and delayed memory acquisition. These cognitive alterations were associated with free radical overproduction in hippocampus and olfactory bulbs. In vitro, Aß3(pE) 42 oligomers induced a redox-sensitive neuronal apoptosis involving caspase activation and an arachidonic acid-dependent pathway. The second goal of this work was to investigate the protective effects of the apoptosis rescue endogenous peptide humanin (HN) and its S14G mutant (HNG). In vitro, we measured their inhibitory effect on neuronal death and apoptotic events resulting from soluble Ab oligomer treatment. What’s of particular interest is the in vivo restoration of soluble Aß3(pE) 42 oligomer-induced mnesic impairment. Thus, HN peptides might serve as new drug candidates for treatment or prevention of early cellular damages linked to soluble A[bêta] oligomers
Gerber, Lucie. "Le laboratoire des esprits animaux : expérimentation animale, production de savoirs et innovation thérapeutique dans les domaines de la dépression et de la maladie d'Alzheimer (1950-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0137.
Full textThe "laboratory of animal spirits" proposes a history of a scientific aspiration, that of using the experimental animal to introduce the problems of psychiatry and neurology within the laboratory. This work describes and analyzes the practices of the behavioral, cognitive and brain sciences in the context of therapeutic and medical research on diseases or disorders that affect the mind from 1955 to the present time. What are the historical conditions under which animal experimentation developed and diversified during the second half of the 20th century? How have experimenters developed animal models for the study of phenomena that are often reputed to be specifically human? With what effects and consequences for the mode of constitution of the objects on which the experimenters work, on the orientations followed by medical and therapeutic research? These questions are addressed through two fields of observation, research on depression, and research on Alzheimer's disease, in the perspective of an integrated history of science, technology and medicine. Through the published literature, industrial, institutional and personal archives of scientists, oral history interviews and ethnographic observations, this work questions the close link that was established, following a double process of "pharmaceutizalisation" and " molecularization "between animal experimentation and the way we conceive and study mental, cognitive and behavioral disorders
Donneger, Romain. "Etude du complexe récepteur 5-HT4/ADAM10/APP et recherche de protéines associées à l’ADAM10 : de nouveaux acteurs favorisant la voie non-amyloïdogénique dans le contexte de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20043.
Full textThe amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the key element in the appearance and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Basically, APP can be processed following two maturation pathways. The fist one, named the amyloidogenic pathway, involves a secretase, occurs mostly in the endosomes and leads to the release ofbeta-amyloïd peptides that are neurotoxics if overproduced. The second one, named the non-amyloidogenic pathway, involves analpha-secretase, occurs mostly at the plasma membrane and leads to the release of soluble APP alpha fragments that are neuroprotective. First, our work demonstrated that a serotonin receptor, the 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R), is able to form a protein complex with the alpha-secretase ADAM10 and APP and that this receptor could modulate ADAM10 and APP trafficking and maturation. By this way, the 5-HT4 receptor is able to increase ADAM10 and APP cell surface localization and to constitutively promote sAPP alpha release. In a second time, using an unbiased proteomic approach, we focused on the quest of protein partners able to interact with this complex and to promote the non-amyloïdogenic pathway. This work allowed us to propose original hypothesis about shared mechanisms able to regulate 5-HT4R, APP and ADAM10 endocytosis and trafficking. These mechanisms involve the AP-2 complex and another protein complex involved in the cellular trafficking of the amyloid precursor protein
Lee, Hyeran. "Langage et maladie d'Alzheimer : analyse multidimensionnelle d'un discours pathologique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812618.
Full textLucas, Romain. "Synthèse totale et évaluation biologique d’un inhibiteur d’origine naturelle de la kinase DYRK1A." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P613.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the synthesis of RCZ, a natural compound isolated from the plant Scorzonera radiata. During a high-throughput screening, this compound has demonstrated, on a large panel of kinases, a high and unusual degree of selectivity against the kinase DYRK1A. On a structural point of view, the compound is a glycosylated dihydrostlibene, which also bears two phenols and an acetyl group. Recently, a link between the deregulation of the kinase DYRK1A with Down syndrom and some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease has been established. In order to perform the synthesis of this compound, three approaches were undertaken. In these approaches, the acetyl group was built through a Sonogashira coupling followed by a mercury salt catalyzed hydration of the acetylenic group. Also, the stilbene scaffold was always obtained by Wittig condensdation. In the first approach, an isomer was obtained with approximately a ten times less potent inhibitory activity against DYRK1A than RCZ. By the use of different protective groups the final compound RCZ was successfully obtained. In conclusion, a total and efficient synthesis of RCZ has been constructed in 15 steps. This work opens future perspective in the design of new inhibitors based on the determination of the crystal structure of the RCZ-DYRK2 complex
Guyomar, Marine. "De l'ancrage mémoriel aux matérialités gérontologiques : approche anthropologique de la maladie d'Alzheimer en maison de retraite : la situation du centre René Fortin à Bohars (Finistère)." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0007.
Full textAlzheimer's disease is most often regarded as the bad ageing disorder. It wreaks havoc in the physical and psychological lives of individuals concerned, and requires the support and help of numerous persons, in particular family caregivers. In order to reduce this burden many initiatives have been taken in the field of gerontechnology. Research and development in gerontechnologies are presently booming, both scientifically and industrially. Although these technologies were originally conceived to respond to the elderly's needs, few of them have actually been implemented in the aging persons' environment. Many projects stagnate at the conceptual level, others do not go beyond the building of a prototype. Nonetheless, sometimes these technologies arouse great hopes. When, however, they function badly or not at all, or when they are not developed beyond the prototype stage, disillusionment slowly destroys all the hope that patients and caregivers had invested in these technologies. M. Augé's anthropological approach helps us understand how people lay claim to public space, in a retirement home, for example. Places and spaces help shape each individual's personality and identity. Using the "lieu anthropologique" (anthropological place or space) [Augé, l992a] caregivers can more easily get to know the elderly's effective capacities in this domain. These skills should be analyzed in order to improve the construction of pertinent gerontechnological tools
Lambert, Eléonore. "Apports de la Microscopie à Force Atomique à l’étude de phénomènes dynamiques en biologie et développement instrumental associé." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS014/document.
Full textOur laboratory recently acquired a high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM) which enables us to visualize in real time a wide range of biological samples and their dynamics of interaction at nanoscale. Several research fields require the development of new techniques in order to get high resolution imaging and dynamic imaging at the same time. This is why HS-AFM was developed. Its current limitation is that the only data it provides are about the surface which means we can’t get access to what occurs beneath. This is limiting the knowledge we could get about the underlying dynamics of some biomolecular system. In order to overcome this issue, we propose to upgrade this nanocharacterization tool by combining optical microscopy and force spectroscopy. This project of instrumental development will be in two major steps: - the adding of conventional optical microscopy : fluorescence, TIRFM, FRAP, FRET, FLIM. The aim is to nanocharacterize sample with highly spatiotemporal data combined in combination with integral data (fundamental to respond to biological issues) - the development of tip functionalization protocols in order to achieve force spectroscopy and get mechanical properties of biological samples This project will take place at the Laboratory of Research in Nanosciences, EA 4682, University of Reims Champagne Ardennes, under the supervision of Pr. Michael Molinari and Dr. Maxime Ewald who started HS-AFM among our team. We will collaborate with Pr. T. Ando from the Biophysics Lab of Kanazawa University (Japan) for the instrumental part and with Dr. Gabriel Paës for the biological samples. The samples used during this thesis will be linked to an ANR project called Lignoprog directed by Dr. Gabriel Paës (INRA, UMR FARE, Reims) and started on the first of November, 2014. In the project, the dynamical aspect of the biological samples is essential. Indeed, lignocellulosic biomass is a complex network of polymers composing plant cell wall. Its architectural and chemical complexity prevents its industrial conversion. In order to be cost-effective, bio refineries need to valorize all the fractions: cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignins. The major challenge is the high cost and low efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass. Our aim is to bring some answer to understand better and improve enzymatic hydrolysis thanks to the HS-AFM and the combination of new functionalities. By the way, the disposal might be validated on other biological samples in parallel, such as live cells in order to characterize them, enlighten their reactivity in response to physiological parameters of the medium (pH, concentration, composition) and correlate the results with mechanical properties