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Journal articles on the topic 'AM metallic powder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Chike, Onuchukwu Godwin, Norhayati Binti Ahmad, and Uday Basheer Al-Naib. "Taxonomy on the production processes and characterization of powder metallurgy used in additive manufacturing process." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 6 (December 25, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-6/052.

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Purpose. This article presents a concise and comprehensive review of the technologies that are typically used for manufacturing metal powders as well as the implications that particle features have on the properties of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Methodology. We surveyed various experiments that have taken place on the effects of the qualities of the powder and how to guarantee the dependability and reproducibility of the parts that are manufactured as well as ways of optimizing a powders performance. We classified the methods for producing metallic powders and highlighted the bene

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Cerejo, Fábio, Daniel Gatões, and M. T. Vieira. "Optimization of metallic powder filaments for additive manufacturing extrusion (MEX)." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 115, no. 7-8 (2021): 2449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07043-0.

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AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of metallic powder particles has been establishing itself as sustainable, whatever the technology selected. Material extrusion (MEX) integrates the ongoing effort to improve AM sustainability, in which low-cost equipment is associated with a decrease of powder waste during manufacturing. MEX has been gaining increasing interest for building 3D functional/structural metallic parts because it incorporates the consolidated knowledge from powder injection moulding/extrusion feedstocks into the AM scope—filament extrusion layer-by-layer. Moreover, MEX as an indir

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Grubbs, Jack, Bryer C. Sousa, and Danielle Cote. "Exploration of the Effects of Metallic Powder Handling and Storage Conditions on Flowability and Moisture Content for Additive Manufacturing Applications." Metals 12, no. 4 (2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040603.

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Metal powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) relies on consistently successful processing of feedstock powder, necessitating through-process predictability in powder properties and behavior. However, routine powder handling and storage may degrade powder performance by influencing flowability and moisture content through exposure to ambient conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated environmental exposure on the flowability and moisture content of Al 5056 and Ta powders for AM applications. Using Carney Funnel flow tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and parti

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Grzelak, Krzysztof, Marcin Bielecki, Janusz Kluczyński, et al. "A Comparative Study on Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Differently Atomized 316L Stainless Steel." Materials 15, no. 14 (2022): 4938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144938.

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The significant growth of Additive Manufacturing (AM), visible over the last ten years, has driven an increase in demand for small gradation metallic powders of a size lower than 100 µm. Until now, most affordable powders for AM have been produced using gas atomization. Recently, a new, alternative method of powder production based on ultrasonic atomization with melting by electric arc has appeared. This paper summarizes the preliminary research results of AM samples made of two AISI 316L steel powder batches, one of which was obtained during Ultrasonic Atomization (UA) and the other during Pl

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Tateno, Toshitake, Akira Kakuta, Hayate Ogo, and Takaya Kimoto. "Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Extrusion of Metal Powder Suspension for Additive Manufacturing." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (2018): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0775.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) using metal materials can be used to manufacture metal parts with complex shapes that are difficult to manufacture with subtractive processing. Recently, numerous commercial AM machines for metallic materials have been developed. The primary types of AM using metallic materials are powder bed fusion or direct energy deposition. Other types using metallic materials have not been adequately studied. In this study, the use of the material extrusion (ME) type of AM is investigated. The aim is to use metallic materials not only for fabricating metal parts but also for ad

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Koptyug, Andrey, Mikael Bäckström, Carlos Alberto Botero Vega, Vladimir Popov, and Ekaterina Chudinova. "Developing New Materials for Electron Beam Melting: Experiences and Challenges." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2190.

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Lack of industrially available materials for additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic materials along with the promises of materials with improved or unique properties provides a strong drive for developing new process/material combinations. As powder bed technologies for metallic materials are relatively new to the market, and to some extent are only maturing, developers of new process/material combinations have certain challenges to overcome. Firstly, basic knowledge on the behavior of materials (even those well established for other applications) under extreme conditions of melting/solidific

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Yadav, Mayank Kumar, Riddhi Shukla, Lixia Xi, Zhi Wang, and Konda Gokuldoss Prashanth. "Metallic Multimaterials Fabricated by Combining Additive Manufacturing and Powder Metallurgy." Journal of Composites Science 9, no. 2 (2025): 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9020080.

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Nature has created a unique combination of materials, and the design and material compositions used in nature are not successfully employed for industrial applications. Metallic multimaterials (MMMs) are a unique class of materials that combine the properties of various metallic constituents (both matrix and reinforcement(s)) to improve the functionality, performance in real-time, and application spectrum. Accordingly, this study explores the fabrication perspective of MMMs by combining both additive manufacturing (AM) and powder metallurgical (PM) routes. Ti6Al4V structures were fabricated vi

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Katz-Demyanetz, Alexander, Vladimir V. Popov, Aleksey Kovalevsky, Daniel Safranchik, and Andrey Koptyug. "Powder-bed additive manufacturing for aerospace application: Techniques, metallic and metal/ceramic composite materials and trends." Manufacturing Review 6 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2019003.

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The current paper is devoted to classification of powder-bed additive manufacturing (PB-AM) techniques and description of specific features, advantages and limitation of different PB-AM techniques in aerospace applications. The common principle of “powder-bed” means that the used feedstock material is a powder, which forms “bed-like” platform of homogeneous layer that is fused according to cross-section of the manufactured object. After that, a new powder layer is distributed with the same thickness and the “printing” process continues. This approach is used in selective laser sintering/meltin

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Santos, Cyril, Daniel Gatões, Fábio Cerejo, and Maria Teresa Vieira. "Influence of Metallic Powder Characteristics on Extruded Feedstock Performance for Indirect Additive Manufacturing." Materials 14, no. 23 (2021): 7136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237136.

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Material extrusion (MEX) of metallic powder-based filaments has shown great potential as an additive manufacturing (AM) technology. MEX provides an easy solution as an alternative to direct additive manufacturing technologies (e.g., Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Direct Energy Deposition) for problematic metallic powders such as copper, essential due to its reflectivity and thermal conductivity. MEX, an indirect AM technology, consists of five steps—optimisation of mixing of metal powder, binder, and additives (feedstock); filament production; shaping from strands; debinding;

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Liu, Jingfu, Behrooz Jalalahmadi, Y. B. Guo, Michael P. Sealy, and Nathan Bolander. "A review of computational modeling in powder-based additive manufacturing for metallic part qualification." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 8 (2018): 1245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-04-2017-0058.

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PurposeAdditive manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing the manufacturing industry due to several advantages and capabilities, including use of rapid prototyping, fabrication of complex geometries, reduction of product development cycles and minimization of material waste. As metal AM becomes increasingly popular for aerospace and defense original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), a major barrier that remains is rapid qualification of components. Several potential defects (such as porosity, residual stress and microstructural inhomogeneity) occur during layer-by-layer processing. Current methods t

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Ladani, Leila, and Maryam Sadeghilaridjani. "Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals." Metals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091391.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) as a disruptive technology has received much attention in recent years. In practice, however, much effort is focused on the AM of polymers. It is comparatively more expensive and more challenging to additively manufacture metallic parts due to their high temperature, the cost of producing powders, and capital outlays for metal additive manufacturing equipment. The main technology currently used by numerous companies in the aerospace and biomedical sectors to fabricate metallic parts is powder bed technology, in which either electron or laser beams are used to melt a

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Du, Yonglong, Xin Liu, Songzhe Xu, et al. "Numerical Simulation of Gas Atomization and Powder Flowability for Metallic Additive Manufacturing." Metals 14, no. 10 (2024): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14101124.

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The quality of metal powder is essential in additive manufacturing (AM). The defects and mechanical properties of alloy parts manufactured through AM are significantly influenced by the particle size, sphericity, and flowability of the metal powder. Gas atomization (GA) technology is a widely used method for producing metal powders due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In this work, a multi-phase numerical model is developed to compute the alloy liquid breaking in the GA process by capturing the gas–liquid interface using the Coupled Level Set and Volume-of-Fluid (CLSVOF) method a

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del Rio, D. C., D. Juul Jensen, T. Yu, and N. S. Tiedje. "Laboratory-scale gas atomizer for the manufacturing of metallic powders." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1249, no. 1 (2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1249/1/012034.

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Abstract Metallic powders for additive manufacturing (AM) processes are primarily produced by gas atomization, which consists of three steps: melting, atomization and cooling. In the present work, we report on the refurbishing of a laboratory-scale gas atomizer. The equipment facilitates small-scale atomization, useful for developing powders tailored specifically to metal AM processes (e.g. binder jetting, laser powder-bed fusion and direct energy deposition). The refurbished atomizer is operated by an in-house measurement and control system, fully equipped with pressure, oxygen, gas-flow and

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Arrizubieta, Jon Iñaki, Olatz Ukar, Marta Ostolaza, and Arantza Mugica. "Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling." Metals 10, no. 2 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020261.

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Additive Manufacturing, AM, is considered to be environmentally friendly when compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Most researchers focus on resource consumption when performing the corresponding Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, of AM. To that end, the sustainability of AM is compared to processes like milling. Nevertheless, factors such as resource use, pollution, and the effects of AM on human health and society should be also taken into account before determining its environmental impact. In addition, in powder-based AM, handling the powder becomes an issue to be addressed, considerin

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Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger, Uwe Ewert, Anja Waske, and Alexander Funk. "Radiographic Visibility Limit of Pores in Metal Powder for Additive Manufacturing." Metals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121634.

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The quality of additively manufactured (AM) parts is determined by the applied process parameters used and the properties of the feedstock powder. The influence of inner gas pores in feedstock particles on the final AM product is a phenomenon which is difficult to investigate since very few non-destructive measurement techniques are accurate enough to resolve the micropores. 3D X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is increasingly applied during the process chain of AM parts as a non-destructive monitoring and quality control tool and it is able to detect most of the pores. However, XCT is time-cons

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Chao, Yu-Deh, Shu-Cheng Liu, Fu-Lin Chen, et al. "Development of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel for Low-Power Selective Laser Sintering." Materials 18, no. 2 (2025): 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020447.

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Selective laser sintering (SLS) is one of the prominent methods of polymer additive manufacturing (AM). A low-power laser source is used to directly melt and sinter polymer material into the desired shape. This study focuses on the utilization of the low-power laser SLS system to successfully manufacture metallic components through the development of a metal–polymer composite material. In this study, 17-4 PH stainless powders are used and mixed with polyoxymethylene (POM) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to prepare the composite powder material. The polymeric mixture is removed during the

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Groarke, Robert, Cyril Danilenkoff, Sara Karam, et al. "316L Stainless Steel Powders for Additive Manufacturing: Relationships of Powder Rheology, Size, Size Distribution to Part Properties." Materials 13, no. 23 (2020): 5537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235537.

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Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of metallic parts is a highly multivariate process. An understanding of powder feedstock properties is critical to ensure part quality. In this paper, a detailed examination of two commercial stainless steel 316L powders produced using the gas atomization process is presented. In particular, the effects of the powder properties (particle size and shape) on the powder rheology were examined. The results presented suggest that the powder properties strongly influence the powder rheology and are important factors in the selection of suitable powder for use in an ad

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Todai, Mitsuharu, Takeshi Nagase, Takao Hori, et al. "Fabrication of the Beta-Titanium Alloy Rods from a Mixture of Pure Metallic Element Powders via Selected Laser Melting." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1260.

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The powder-bed additive manufacturing (AM) process offers advantages in terms of reduced material waste, ability to create complex shape and a decrease in the lead time from design to manufacturing. Recently, custom-made implant of Ti alloys is being developed by selective laser melting (SLM) in additive manufacturing (AM) process. However, the difficulty in the fabrication of titanium alloys due to their pre-alloyed powder cost, resulting in a limited usage of titanium alloys. To overcome this disadvantage, it is effective to fabricate the Ti alloys by SLM from mixture of pure elemental powde

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Siahmed, F., and L. Faghi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Fe- 40 at.% Si Powder Particles Prepared by High Energy Ball Mill." Journal of Nano Research 29 (December 2014): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.29.65.

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Fe‒Si alloys are widely used as transformer magnets and magnetic cores because of their excellent soft magnetic properties. Fe60Si40 powders were milled in a high energy planetary ball mill (Rctsch PM400) under argon atmosphere at different time of milling. The metal powders obtained have an average diameter d50 of 2.5 to 6 um. The introduction of Si into Fe can result in a decrease of magnetic anisotropy (therefore leading to a decrease of coercivity). The nanocomposite magnetic cores were made from the Fe60Si40 powder obtained by high energy ball milling for different milling time. The parti

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P L, Esteem, Vaira Vignesh Ramalingam, Rajesh Kannan Kasi, and Padmanaban Ramasamy. "Development and Tribological Characterization of Semi-Metallic Brake pads for Automotive Applications." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 102, no. 4 (2023): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am/177327.

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Semi-metallic brake pads are quite a good choice for performance-driven automotive industries, because of improved braking performance in a more comprehensive range of temperatures. In this study, a semi-metallic brake pad is fabricated through a powder metallurgy processing technique with two compositions of powders with a different weight ratio of Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), flash, Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), Barium sulfate (BaSO4), Phenolic resin, Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Graphite for automotive application. A well-distributed composition was indicated by the microstructure, which exhibited

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Schindelholz, Eric J., Michael A. Melia, and Jeffrey M. Rodelas. "Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steels—Process, Structure, Performance: A Review." Corrosion 77, no. 5 (2021): 484–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3741.

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The corrosion of additively manufactured (AM) metallic materials, such as stainless steels (SS), is a critical factor for their qualification and reliable use. This review assesses the emerging knowledgebase of powder-based laser AM SS corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). The origins of AM-unique material features and their hierarchal impact on corrosion and EAC are addressed relative to conventionally processed SS. The effects of starting material, heat treatment, and surface finishing are substantively discussed. An assessment of the current status of AM corrosion research,

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Charbonneau, Cindy, Fabrice Bernier, Étienne Perrault, Roger Pelletier, and Louis-Philippe Lefebvre. "Classification of Metallic Powder Morphology Using Traditional and Automated Static Image Analysis: A Comparative Study." Powders 4, no. 2 (2025): 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020015.

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Characterizing powder feedstock is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of parts produced through metal additive manufacturing (AM). The morphology of particles impacts the flowability, packing density, and spreadability of powders, affecting productivity and part quality. A new methodology has been developed to classify particle morphological features in AM powder feedstocks, such as spherical or elongated shapes, and the presence of satellites and facets. This approach uses multiple descriptors for quantitative evaluation. The results from shape descriptors can vary based on imag

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Ecker, J. V., K. Dobrezberger, J. Gonzalez-Gutierrez, M. Spoerk, Ch Gierl-Mayer, and H. Danninger. "Additive Manufacturing of Steel and Copper Using Fused Layer Modelling: Material and Process Development." Powder Metallurgy Progress 19, no. 2 (2019): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pmp-2019-0007.

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AbstractFused Layer Modelling (FLM) is one out of several material extrusion (ME) additive manufacturing (AM) methods. FLM usually deals with processing of polymeric materials but can also be used to process metal-filled polymeric systems to produce metallic parts. Using FLM for this purpose helps to save costs since the FLM hardware is cheap compared to e.g. direct metal laser processing hardware, and FLM offers an alternative route to the production of metallic components.To produce metallic parts by FLM, the methodology is different from direct metal processing technologies, and several pro

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Jiménez, Amaia, Prveen Bidare, Hany Hassanin, Faris Tarlochan, Stefan Dimov, and Khamis Essa. "Powder-based laser hybrid additive manufacturing of metals: a review." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 114, no. 1-2 (2021): 63–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06855-4.

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AbstractRecent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) have attracted significant industrial interest. Initially, AM was mainly associated with the fabrication of prototypes, but the AM advances together with the broadening range of available materials, especially for producing metallic parts, have broaden the application areas and now the technology can be used for manufacturing functional parts, too. Especially, the AM technologies enable the creation of complex and topologically optimised geometries with internal cavities that were impossible to produce with traditional manufacturing proces

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Rico-Fernández, José, Álvaro F. Vaquero, Marcos R. Pino, and Manuel Arrebola. "Fully Metallic Additively Manufactured Monopulse Horn Array Antenna in Ka-Band." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142311065.

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The Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing (LPBF AM) technique is evaluated for the manufacturing of fully metallic monolithic microwave components. To validate the manufacturing technique, a difference pattern array of 4 × 4 horn antennas is designed to operate at mm-Wave frequencies. The antenna is based on H-plane power dividers and a complex structure to obtain a difference radiation pattern by rotating twisted sections in two different orientations. The prototype is manufactured with a monolithic piece of aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg, providing a lightweight single structure that inclu

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Huangfu, Binghan, Yujing Liu, Xiaochun Liu, Xiang Wu, and Haowei Bai. "Anisotropy of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials." Materials 17, no. 15 (2024): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17153653.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that builds parts layer by layer. Over the past decade, metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology has developed rapidly to form a complete industry chain. AM metal parts are employed in a multitude of industries, including biomedical, aerospace, automotive, marine, and offshore. The design of components can be improved to a greater extent than is possible with existing manufacturing processes, which can result in a significant enhancement of performance. Studies on the anisotropy of additively manufactured metallic materials have been reported, an

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Lykov, P. A., and R. M. Baitimerov. "Selective Laser Melting of AlSi12 Powder." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.667.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies make it possible to produce complex shape metallic objects from powder feedstock. AlSi12 alloy is one of the most widely used materials in selective laser melting (SLM). The large number of technological parameters involved complicate the selection of an SLM mode for obtaining a product with the required structure. The goal of this research was to determine the mode which ensures the material’s low porosity. Nine specimens were fabricated by using different SLM process parameters. The fabricated specimens have different microstructures. The lowest poros

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Yang, Xinliang, Feng Gao, Fengzai Tang, Xinjiang Hao, and Zushu Li. "Effect of Surface Oxides on the Melting and Solidification of 316L Stainless Steel Powder for Additive Manufacturing." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 52, no. 10 (2021): 4518–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06405-3.

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AbstractSurface oxidation of metallic powders may significantly affect their melting and solidification behavior and limit their service life in the additive manufacturing (AM) process. In the present work, three levels of surface oxide concentration were prepared on AM-grade 316L stainless steel powders, and their melting and solidification behavior was systematically studied through in-situ observation, advanced characterization, phase-field modeling, and theoretical analysis. Si, Mn, and Cr participated in the oxidation reaction in powder with low and medium oxygen contents, whereas Fe was

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Elhattab, Karim, Mohamed Samir Hefzy, Zachary Hanf, et al. "Biomechanics of Additively Manufactured Metallic Scaffolds—A Review." Materials 14, no. 22 (2021): 6833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226833.

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This review paper is related to the biomechanics of additively manufactured (AM) metallic scaffolds, in particular titanium alloy Ti6Al4V scaffolds. This is because Ti6Al4V has been identified as an ideal candidate for AM metallic scaffolds. The factors that affect the scaffold technology are the design, the material used to build the scaffold, and the fabrication process. This review paper includes thus a discussion on the design of Ti6A4V scaffolds in relation to how their behavior is affected by their cell shapes and porosities. This is followed by a discussion on the post treatment and mec

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Gong, Xi, Dongrui Zeng, Willem Groeneveld-Meijer, and Guha Manogharan. "Additive manufacturing: A machine learning model of process-structure-property linkages for machining behavior of Ti-6Al-4V." Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing 1, no. 1 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/msam.v1i1.6.

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Prior studies in metal additive manufacturing (AM) of parts have shown that various AM methods and post-AM heat treatment result in distinctly different microstructure and machining behavior when compared with conventionally manufactured parts. There is a crucial knowledge gap in understanding this process-structure-property (PSP) linkage and its relationship to material behavior. In this study, the machinability of metallic Ti-6Al-4V AM parts was investigated to better understand this unique PSP linkage through a novel data science-based approach, specifically by developing and validating a n

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Mazeeva, Alina, Dmitriy Masaylo, Gleb Konov, and Anatoliy Popovich. "Multi-Metal Additive Manufacturing by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for Structural Applications: A Review." Metals 14, no. 11 (2024): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14111296.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly developing technical field that is becoming an irreplaceable tool to fabricate unique complex-shaped parts in aerospace, the automotive industry, medicine, and so on. One of the most promising directions for AM application is the design and production of multi-material components with different types of chemical, structural, and architectural gradients that also promote a breakthrough in bio-inspired approaches. At the moment there are a lot of different AM techniques involving various types of materials. This paper represents a review of extrusion-base

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Sohrabi, Navid, Jamasp Jhabvala, and Roland E. Logé. "Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glasses—Process, Challenges and Properties: A Review." Metals 11, no. 8 (2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081279.

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Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMG) are metallic alloys that have the ability to solidify in an amorphous state. BMGs show enhanced properties, for instance, high hardness, strength, and excellent corrosion and wear resistance. BMGs produced by conventional methods are limited in size due to the high cooling rates required to avoid crystallization and the associated detrimental mechanical properties. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are a potential solution to this problem as the interaction between the heat source, e.g., laser, and the feedstock, e.g., powder, is short and confined to a small v

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Frye, Palmer, and Jutima Simsiriwong. "An overview of very high cycle fatigue behavior of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V." Journal of Management and Engineering Integration 12, no. 1 (2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.62704/10057/24248.

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This paper presents a brief review on the current state of knowledge of the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behavior of metallic parts fabricated using Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. It has been shown that AM has significant potential to replace traditional manufacturing methods that impose geometric limitations to designs. Powder-based metallic AM methods allow for precise layer-wise processing of complex net-shape parts without the use of special tooling or molds. Among various metals commonly used in AM processes, titanium (Ti) 6Al-4V alloy is currently of great interest especially i

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Chmielewska, Agnieszka, Bartłomiej Wysocki, Piotr Kwaśniak, et al. "Heat Treatment of NiTi Alloys Fabricated Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) from Elementally Blended Powders." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093304.

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The use of elemental metallic powders and in situ alloying in additive manufacturing (AM) is of industrial relevance as it offers the required flexibility to tailor the batch powder composition. This solution has been applied to the AM manufacturing of nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy components. In this work, we show that laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can be used to create a Ni55.7Ti44.3 alloyed component, but that the chemical composition of the build has a large heterogeneity. To solve this problem three different annealing heat treatments were designed, and the resulting porosity

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Manfredi, Diego, and Róbert Bidulský. "Laser powder bed fusion of aluminum alloys." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 23, no. 3 (2017): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v23i3.988.

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<p class="AMSmaintext">The aim of this study is to analyze and to summarize the results of the processing of aluminum alloys, and in particular of the Al-Si-Mg alloys, by means of the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique defined as Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). This process is gaining interest worldwide thanks to the possibility of obtaining a freeform fabrication coupled with high mechanical strength and hardness related to a very fine microstructure. L-PBF is very complex from a physical point of view, due to the extremely rapid interaction between a concentrated laser source and m

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Costa, José, Elsa Sequeiros, Maria Teresa Vieira, and Manuel Vieira. "Additive Manufacturing." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 7, no. 3 (2021): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_007.003_0005.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most trending technologies nowadays, and it has the potential to become one of the most disruptive technologies for manufacturing. Academia and industry pay attention to AM because it enables a wide range of new possibilities for design freedom, complex parts production, components, mass personalization, and process improvement. The material extrusion (ME) AM technology for metallic materials is becoming relevant and equivalent to other AM techniques, like laser powder bed fusion. Although ME cannot overpass some limitations, compared with other AM tec

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Cook, Olivia, Nancy Huang, Robert Smithson, Christopher Kube, Allison Beese, and Andrea Argüelles. "Ultrasonic Characterization of Porosity in Components Made by Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing." Materials Evaluation 80, no. 4 (2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-04266.

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Binder jet metallic additive manufacturing (AM) is a popular alternative to powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition because of lower costs, elimination of thermal cycling, and lower energy consumption. However, like other metallic AM processes, binder jetting is prone to defects like porosity, which decreases the adoption of binder-jetted parts. Binder-jetted parts are sometimes infiltrated with a low melting temperature metal to fill pores during sintering; however, the infiltration is impacted by the part geometry and infiltration environment, which can cause infill nonuniformity. F

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Dârlău, Lucian-Corneliu. "Obtaining Metal Parts by Additive Manufacturing, as an Alternative to Traditional Manufacturing Methods – A Review." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Machine constructions Section 69, no. 1 (2023): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipcm-2023-0005.

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Abstract The advantages of Additive Manufacturing (AM) over conventional manufacturing processes are incontestable: complex geometries of obtained parts, wide variety of materials (polymers, composites, low melting metal alloys) used, simple and cost-effective process. Material Extrusion (ME) (piston, filament or screw) is the most widespread AM technology. In this paper, a comparative analysis of different materials used in high reinforcement 3D printing is made. Thus, ceramic and metallic composites, composites with titanium particles, AISI M2 high speed steel powder and Nickel 625 alloy are

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Ozdogan, C., R. A. Yildiz, L. Tavares, and M. Malekan. "Micro-macro relationship between microstructure and mechanical behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated using L-PBF additive manufacturing." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1310, no. 1 (2024): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012017.

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Abstract Compared to traditional production techniques, additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic components has several benefits, mainly little material waste and more design freedom. AM process based on laser powder bed fusion has many key process parameters including scanning speed, layer thickness, build direction, and printing power. Each one of these parameters influences microstructure, and hence macro-mechanical behavior of the manufactured part, as the part microstructure plays a critical role in determining the mechanical properties. This work aims to address a relationship between mic

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Girotto, A., M. Ballan, P. Rebesan, et al. "Additively manufactured tantalum cathode for FEBIAD type ion sources: production, geometric measurements, and high temperature test." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 8 (2024): 082047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/8/082047.

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Abstract The Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology suitable to produce almost free-form metallic components. At Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), the LPBF process was recently used to produce parts of the Forced Electron Beam Induced Arc Discharge (FEBIAD) ion source for the SPES Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facility. In this work are presented the feasibility assessment and production steps of tantalum cathodes produced via AM; in addition, the results concerning both the dimensional-geo

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Caravella, Ilaria, Daniele Cortis, Luca Di Angelo, and Donato Orlandi. "Experimental Data Collection of Surface Quality Analysis of CuCrZr Specimens Manufactured with SLM Technology: Analysis of the Effects of Process Parameters." Materials 16, no. 1 (2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010098.

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is the most widely used laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) technology for the additive manufacturing (AM) of parts from metallic powders. The surface quality of the SLM parts is highly dependent on many factors and process parameters. These factors include the powder grain size, the layer thickness, and the building angle. This paper conducted an experimental analysis of the effects of SLM process parameters on the surface quality of CuCrZr cubic specimens. Thanks to its excellent thermal and mechanical properties, CrCrZr has become one of the most widely used materi

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Eichler, Fabian, Marco Skupin, Laura Katharina Thurn, Susanne Kasch, and Thomas Schmidt. "Operating limits for beam melting of glass materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929901004.

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Laser-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for the use of metals out of the powder bed have been investigated profusely and are prevalent in industry. Although there is a broad field of application, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of glass is not fully developed yet. The material properties of glass are significantly different from the investigated metallic material for LPBF so far. As such, the process cannot be transferred, and the parameter limits and the process sequence must be redefined for glass. Starting with the characterization of gl

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Vasques, César M. A., Adélio M. S. Cavadas, and João C. C. Abrantes. "Technology overview and investigation of the quality of a 3D-printed maraging steel demonstration part." Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing 4, no. 2 (2025): 025040002. https://doi.org/10.36922/msam025040002.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained significant traction in the production of high-performance metallic components, yet concerns persist regarding the consistency of powder materials and the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts. This study addresses these challenges through a detailed analysis of a maraging steel part manufactured using laser powder bed fusion. The demonstration part was evaluated for geometric accuracy, surface roughness, chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties, including hardness and density. The findings revealed that 3D-printed maraging stee

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Bissett, H., M. Makhofane, and S. Lötter. "Reduction of copper oxide powder by an inductively coupled thermal plasma." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 40, no. 1 (2022): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/satnt.2021cosaami.16.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) methods can be utilised to manufacture complex, custom Ti6Al4V components for medical implants. Infection at the bone-implant interface is a key reason for implant rejection. Advanced titanium implants with biocompatibility and antibacterial properties can be manufactured by modifying the titanium alloy with copper, which in small concentrations (< 1 at % copper) is a proven, non-toxic antibacterial agent. Copper can be embedded into the titanium implant during the AM process creating antibacterial functionality. In order to produce sufficiently fine metallic cop

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Ladani, Leila, Jafar Razmi, and Maryam Sadeghilaridjani. "Fabrication of Cu-CNT Composite and Cu Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing." Powders 1, no. 4 (2022): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders1040014.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) as a disruptive technique has offered great potential to design and fabricate many metallic components for aerospace, medical, nuclear, and energy applications where parts have complex geometry. However, a limited number of materials suitable for the AM process is one of the shortcomings of this technique, in particular laser AM of copper (Cu) is challenging due to its high thermal conductivity and optical reflectivity, which requires higher heat input to melt powders. Fabrication of composites using AM is also very challenging and not easily achievable using the cu

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Padovezzi, Raphael Oliveira, Wagner Garcia Trindade, Gualtier Andersen Marques, et al. "Effects of the Additive Manufacturing Process on the Mechanical and Structural Properties of Bronze Alloys: a Review." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado 16, no. 7 (2025): e5057. https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v16i7.5057.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a promising technology for producing metallic alloys with complex geometries and optimized properties, especially in the fabrication of bronze alloys. This literature review presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of AM on the mechanical, microstructural, and functional properties of Cu-Sn, Cu-Al, and Cu-Ni-Al bronze alloys processed via WAAM, EBAM, SLM, CMTAM, and CSAM techniques. It discusses aspects such as microstructural evolution, intermetallic phase formation, hardness, tensile strength, wear, corrosion, and comparisons with convention

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Gao, Chun, Yang Zhang, Jingjiang Jiang, Rui Fu, Leiming Du, and Xiangnan Pan. "Research Viewpoint on Performance Enhancement for Very-High-Cycle Fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys via Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion." Crystals 14, no. 9 (2024): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14090749.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is a promising industrial technology that enables rapid prototyping of complex configurations. Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is one of the most popular AM techniques for metallic materials. Until today, only a few metals and alloys are available for AM, e.g., titanium alloys, the most common of which is Ti-6Al-4V. After optimization of PBF parameters, with or without post processing such as heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing, the printed titanium alloy can easily reach tensile strengths of over 1100 MPa due to the quick cooling of the AM process. Howe

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Nemati, Saber, Hamed Ghadimi, Xin Li, Leslie G. Butler, Hao Wen, and Shengmin Guo. "Automated Defect Analysis of Additively Fabricated Metallic Parts Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 6 (2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060141.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-based additive manufacturing (AM) has the flexibility in fabricating parts with complex geometries. However, using non-optimized processing parameters or using certain feedstock powders, internal defects (pores, cracks, etc.) may occur inside the parts. Having a thorough and statistical understanding of these defects can help researchers find the correlations between processing parameters/feedstock materials and possible internal defects. To establish a tool that can automatically detect defects in AM parts, in this research, X-ray CT images of Inconel 939 sample

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Kotha, Sathish. "Selective Laser Melting Process Optimization and Mechanical Properties Evolution of AlSi10Mg by Determining Temperature of the Build Chamber using Arduino IDE and Coding Algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 8 (2024): 928–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64028.

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Abstract: Unlike conventional methods that involve removing components from a product, the groundbreaking idea behind additive manufacturing (AM) is the gradual creation of materials. A computer-controlled laser is often used in additive manufacturing to shape and consolidate powder feedstock in a layer-by-layer fashion to arbitrary shapes. The aerospace, defense, automotive, and biomedical sectors have high standards, and AM is now being refined to create complex-shaped functional metallic components out of metals, alloys, and other materials. Lightweight structural components with series sim

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Researcher. "SELECTIVE LASER MELTING PROCESS OPTIMIZATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES EVOLUTION OF ALSI10MG." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) 15, no. 4 (2024): 16–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13150708.

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Unlike conventional methods that involve removing components from a product, the groundbreaking idea behind additive manufacturing (AM) is the gradual creation of materials. A computer-controlled laser is often used in additive manufacturing to shape and consolidate powder feedstock in a layer-by-layer fashion to arbitrary shapes. The aerospace, defense, automotive, and biomedical sectors have high standards, and AM is now being refined to create complex-shaped functional metallic components out of metals, alloys, and other materials. Lightweight structural components with series similar mecha

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