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Kayi, Hakan. "Parameterization of the AM1 semiempirical molecular orbital method for the first-row transition metals and other elements." kostenfrei, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000061620/34.
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Maltey, Fanton Isabelle. "Hyperpolarisabité de premier ordre de molécules organiques : complexes organoméetalliques, photochromes, molécules en lambda." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0016.
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Nous avons déterminé l'hyper polarisabilité de premier ordre, de nouvelles molécules organiques : des molécules organométalliques chirales, des systèmes photochromes et des molécules a transfert de charge bidimensionnel (molécules en). Nous avons tout d'abord réalisé le montage de génération de second harmonique induite par un champ électrique (efishg) afin de mesurer en solution la projection sur le moment dipolaire permanent de l'hyper polarisabilité vectorielle a 1,064 m et a 1,907 m. L'analyse de l'amplitude et de la valeur moyenne du signal de second harmonique permet de tenir compte de l'absorption du second harmonique généré lorsque celle-ci n'est pas négligeable. Ces résultats expérimentaux ont été compares a ceux obtenus par des calculs semi-empiriques, bases sur la méthode <<<>am1<>>>, combines a la méthode <<<>champ fini<>>>. Après optimisation de la géométrie, nous avons déterminé les différents termes du tenseur d'hyper polarisabilité à fréquence nulle des molécules dans le vide. Nous nous sommes intéressés a des dérivés du ferrocène possédant une forte hyper polarisabilité. Différentes substitutions ont permis de rendre ces composes chiraux tout en conservant leurs propriétés moléculaires non-linéaires. En raison de la chiralité, la maille cristalline de ces molécules ne possède donc pas de centre d'inversion. Nous avons ensuite étudié des composes de deux familles de photochromes, les fulgides et les diaryléthènes. L'absence de retour thermique de la forme colorée vers la forme de départ et la bonne résistance à la photo dégradation rendent ces molécules intéressantes pour le stockage de l'information. Nous avons recherche des isomères photochimiques ayant des hyper polarisabilités moléculaires différentes et un taux de conversion photo induit réversible important. Les molécules en l possèdent deux axes de transfert de charge. Le terme prépondérant dans le tenseur d'hyper polarisabilité n'est pas le terme diagonal. En modélisant les molécules en l par deux ressorts non-linéaires couples, nous avons obtenu des relations entre les différents termes de ce tenseur et démontre le couplage entre les deux ressorts. Nous avons également mis en évidence que la structure moléculaire en favorise un assemblage cristallin sans centre d'inversion.
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Stašević, Milenko. "Prilog procene veka konstrukcije tornja postrojenja za istraživanje nafte i gasa." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=85356&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Predmet ove doktorske disertacije je definisanje metoda i procedureza procenu veka konstrukcije tornja postrojenja za istraživanje naftei gasa. Dati su rezultati eksperimentalnih istraživanja radi analizeotpornosti prema prslinama pri statičkom i pri promenljivomopterećenju eksploatisanog i novog materijala konstrkcije tornjapostrojenja za istraživanje nafte i gasa.The topic of this doctoral dissertation is definition methods and proceduries for ananalysis of an assessmen life of construction derrick plant for investigation oiland gas. The results of experimental investigation performed for the analysisof crack resistance under static and under variable loading eksploatacionand new of materials of construction derrick plant for investigation oil and gas.
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Mabogo, Mbavhalelo. "Development of techniques using finite element and meshless methods for the simulation of piercing." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&context=td_cput.
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Pitra, Michal. "Adaptivní regulátory s principy umělé inteligence v prostředí MATLAB - B&R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217708.
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The diploma thesis is focused on an adaptive control, especially in a self-tuning controller area. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with identification methods of the adaptive control. The recursive least squares algorithm and the neural network method are the most popular identification methods. These methods are contrasted and the identification quality evaluation is done. The second part compares various types of the adaptive controllers with a non-adjustable PSD controller. The adaptive controllers are investigated from the various identification method point of view. The user graphic interface was realized for the identification and regulatory part. The time behavior of system responses after incoming disturbance and dynamic process changes during simulation systems control is compared with a physical model connected to B&R PLC. The comparison is done with the application of Matlab/Simulink program.
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Paul, Provakar. "Multipoint spectroscopic analyzing & imaging method." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15274.
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Spectroscopy is a technique as the interaction of different radiation spectrum with matter to analysis of a sample. This thesis work proposed two methods are multiple pointes spectroscopies analyzing then imaging detection methods for solid samples. Developed method one is using Ultraviolet (UV), Visible (Vis) and Infrared (IR) detection. Where detection was assembled with deuterium as well tungsten-halogen lamp source (which were able to generate 175 nm to 3300 nm wavelength), a manual X-Y stepper for scan an inhomogeneous biological sample, optical design beside Indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) detection unit was used of Lamda 950 by PerkingElmer. Second improved methodology is Vis detection imaging of samples. In Vis detection imaging was constructed with Helium-Neon (HeNe) red laser as a source (able to generate 632.8 nm wavelengths), a silicon pin photodiode detector, lens, multimeter, X-Y positioner stepper motors to scan samples. The work show successfully detected and imaged of water, fresh leaf, brain phantom in addition 3mm horizontal and 1.5 mm vertical cooper line. The thesis works proposed methods has obtained accurate results of all the samples detection specifically has devised imaging of samples. This spectroscopic process is suitable for any type of liquid, solid also gas detecting moreover imaging approach can be applicable in any type of inhomogeneous matter.
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Miller, Jean Anne. "Naturalism & Objectivity: Methods and Meta-methods." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28329.
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The error statistical account provides a basic account of evidence and inference. Formally, the approach is a re-interpretation of standard frequentist (Fisherian, Neyman-Pearson) statistics. Informally, it gives an account of inductive inference based on arguing from error, an analog of frequentist statistics, which keeps the concept of error probabilities central to the evaluation of inferences and evidence. Error statistical work at present tends to remain distinct from other approaches of naturalism and social epistemology in philosophy of science and, more generally, Science and Technology Studies (STS). My goal is to employ the error statistical program in order to address a number of problems to approaches in philosophy of science, which fall under two broad headings: (1) naturalistic philosophy of science and (2) social epistemology. The naturalistic approaches that I am interested in looking at seek to provide us with an account of scientific and meta-scientific methodologies that will avoid extreme skepticism, relativism and subjectivity and claim to teach us something about scientific inferences and evidence produced by experiments (broadly construed). I argue that these accounts fail to identify a satisfactory program for achieving those goals and; moreover, to the extent that they succeed it is by latching on to the more general principles and arguments from error statistics. In sum, I will apply the basic ideas from error statistics and use them to examine (and improve upon) an area to which they have not yet been applied, namely in assessing and pushing forward these interdisciplinary pursuits involving naturalistic philosophies of science that appeal to cognitive science, psychology, the scientific record and a variety of social epistemologies.Ph. D.
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Gailis, Janis. "A Consumer Surplus Estimate of Peace & Love festival in Borlänge : A Travel Cost Approach." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13846.
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This thesis uses zonal travel cost method (ZTCM) to estimate consumer surplus of Peace & Love festival in Borlänge, Sweden. The study defines counties as zones of origin of the visitors. Visiting rates from each zone are estimated based on survey data. The study is novel due to the fact that mostly TCM has been applied in the environmental and recreational sector, not for short term events, like P&L festival. The analysis shows that travel cost has a significantly negative effect on visiting rate as expected. Even though income has previously shown to be significant in similar studies, it turns out to be insignificant in this study. A point estimate for the total consumer surplus of P&L festival is 35.6 million Swedish kronor. However, this point estimate is associated with high uncertainty since a 95 % confidence interval for it is (17.9, 53.2). It is also important to note that the estimated value only represents one part of the total economic value, the other values of the festival's totaleconomic value have not been estimated in this thesis.
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Hinks, Thomas. "The application of the finite element method and the boundary element method to fatigue and fracture." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302734.
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雷哲翔 and Zhexiang Lei. "Time domain boundary element method & its applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233703.
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Welch, Anthony R. "Myth & method : a critique of educational research." Thesis, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318976.
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This thesis represents an attempt to develop a systematic critique of various forms of educational research, contemporary and historical. Much has been written on educational research, some of it critical of individual elements or styles, but little by way of the overt establishment of a set of criteria which is then applied to an understanding and critique of major forms of educational research, quantitative and qualitative, macro and micro. In this thesis, I attempt to develop such a set of criteria, to be drawn variously from selected literature in contemporary philosophy of science, and social theory and critique, which may then be so applied. The structure of the thesis, then, is to initially develop and justify a set of criteria. This is followed by an examination of dominant strains of educational research in the nineteenth century and earlier, according to these criteria. Subsequently, these same criteria are applied to various more contemporary forms of educational research such as functionalism, ethnomethodology and phenomenology. In each case the genealogy, and basic assumptions are traced. Further, the application of the criteria allows a critique of shortcomings or biasses in each to be developed. For example functionalist assumptions with regard to socia change, and unilinear development are criticized, as also its normative orientation, and dependence on a misconceived biological analogy. Phenomenology and ethnomethodology are both criticized for their failure to embrace macro structures and concerns, and their dependence on an isolated and subjectivist ontology and epistemology. The thesis concludes with some recommendations for more satisfactory forms of research in education, and some examples of existing research which fulfil the criteria developed herein more, or less, satisfactorily.
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Lei, Zhexiang. "Time domain boundary element method & its applications /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13570365.
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Dayao, Jonathan Enrique K. "Distributed object-oriented method (DOOM)." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361578.
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Grundy, Jim. "A method of program refinement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309324.
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Alfredsson, Simon, and Fredrik Tengdelius. "Plasmaskärning: Metod, användning & utvecklingsmöjligheter." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91116.
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Plasmaskärning är en form utav skärande bearbetning i metall med hjälp av en plasmastråle som smälter ett skärsnitt i arbetsstycket. Plasmastrålen bildas genom att en elektrisk båge mellan elektroden i verktyget och arbetsstycket värmer upp en skärgas till ett plasmatillstånd. På grund av den elektriska urladdningen mellan elektroden och arbetsstycket så måste materialet som bearbetas vara elektriskt ledande. Denna rapport ämnar grundligt redogöra plasmaskärning som skärmetod. Plasmaskärning är en av tre termiska skärningsmetoder (det finns även laser- och gasskärning). Rapporten behandlar kortfattat uppkomsten och den historiska utvecklingen för metoden. Därefter utreds grundligt skärprocessen samt de olika nyckelkomponenternas roll och tekniska funktion. De nyckelkomponenter som vi identifierade är; skär- och skyddsgas, elektrod, munstycke samt kringutrustning. Vidare diskuteras vilka risker och säkerhetsproblem som är förknippade med plasmaskärning. Ekonomiska aspekter och begränsningar påverkar metodens användningsområde. För att utreda när plasmaskärningsmetoden är bäst lämpad har vi därför valt att göra en jämförelse med andra termiska skärmetoder. Plasmaskärning har ett brett användningsområde men lämpar sig bäst på arbetsstycken mellan tjocklekarna 10 och 20 mm. En kortare marknadsundersökning genomfördes och presenteras i arbetet med syftet att klargöra på vilka grunder industrin valt typ av skärmetod samt hur de använder sig av den idag. Med hjälp av marknadsundersökningen jämför vi om det teoretiska användningsområdet stämmer överens med det praktiska ute på svenska industrier. Genom vår marknadsundersökning anser vi att många företag skulle kunna byta metod och därmed förbättra sin produktion främst med avseende på ekonomin. Slutligen framförs våra tankar kring potentiella utvecklingsmöjligheter för metoden som skulle kunna utöka dess konkurrenskraft jämfört med andra skärmetoder. Dessa diskuteras endast översiktligt och är tänkta som uppslag för vidare forskning inom området. Exempel på några av de utvecklingsmöjligheter som vi identifierat är; bearbetning av icke-ledande material med hjälp av en icke överförd ljusbåge, öka energitätheten i plasmastrålen genom att minimera munstyckets håldiameter, minimera risken för dubbelbåge genom bättre isolering av komponenterna i munstycket.Plasma arc cutting is a form of metal cutting using a plasma arc that melts a kerf through the work piece. The plasma arc is created by an electrical discharge between the electrode in the tool and the work piece which heats up the cutting gas to a plasma state. Due to the discharge between the electrode and the work piece, the material must be electrically conductive. This report aims to thoroughly explain the plasma arc cutting method. Plasma arc cutting is one of three thermal cutting methods (the other two methods are laser- and oxyfuel cutting). The report briefly sums up the origin and historical development of the method. The cutting process and the different key components and their technical function are then discussed. We identified the key components to be; cutting- and shielding gas, electrode, nozzle and peripheral equipment. Plasma arc cutting raises some environmental and safety problems which we discuss. The economical aspects and its limitations affect the usage area of the method. To clarify when plasma arc cutting is preferred we have chosen to compare these aspects with other thermal cutting methods. Plasma arc cutting has a broad usage area but is best suited on work pieces between 10 to 20 mm in thickness. A shorter survey was rendered and is presented in the report with the intention to clarify on which basis the industry made their decision when choosing method of cutting and how they use it today. Based on the survey we compared if the Swedish industry uses the cutting methods in accordance with the theory. Based on our survey we think that a lot of companies could change their method of cutting and thereby improve their production, mainly in terms of economy. Finally we propose a few suggestions for potential development regarding the plasma arc cutting method, which we think would increase its competitiveness against other methods of cutting. These suggestions are only discussed briefly and are to be considered as ideas for further research in this area. Examples of the potential development areas that we identified are; cutting of non electrical conductive materials by using a non transferred arc, increase the energy density by decreasing the nozzles bore, minimize the risk of double-arcing by better insulation between the components in the nozzle.
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Clark, Matthew. "Direct-search method for the computer design of holograms." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301220.
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Du, Yuansheng. "Synthesis of ceramic powders by a molten salt method." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7411.
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Khan, Kori Leigh. "Restricted Spatial Regression: Methods & Implications." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595274127575203.
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Tereci, Aysegul. "Energy Benchmarking Method For Urban Settlements." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614276/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study was developing an energy benchmarking method for urban quarters in order to design or manage the energy efficiently at urban scale. Rational implementation of energy efficiency strategies for the urban settlements can be possible with the comprehensive building stock models which have the ability to estimate and evaluate the energy demand of the building stock together with surrounding urban structures.
The research initially focused to determine the factors which have an influence on the urban energy performance and rating, labeling, benchmarking systems used for evaluation of the energy performance. The field of study has narrow down to residential urban quarters which is approximately 70 % of the building stock. It has been considered surrounding attributes, building properties and occupant behavior. The results of the
measurements from casestudy area were evaluated with regresional analysis in order to understand which factors have influence on energy performance. Artificial representative residential settlements were configured in that some of the factors were not possible to consider or evaluate with casestudy data. These representative residential settlements were evaluated with EnergyPlus simulation program and the results were compared with each other for forming a benchmarking method.
The simulation results shows that density of the area and building envelope properties have significant effect on the urban energy performance. In order to use these benchmarking results, simulations were applied to the web tool. This urban energy benchmarking method provide the quantified energy performance of the different settlement types for urban designers and urban energy planners enabling them to estimate the urban energy requirement without socio economic context.
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Mrázek, Michal. "Adaptivní optimální regulátory s principy umělé inteligence v prostředí MATLAB - B&R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217556.
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Master’s thesis describes adaptive optimal controller design which change parameters of algorithm based on the system information regard for optimal criterion. Generally, the optimal controller solves the problem of minimum states vector. Problems of desired value and steady-state error are solved by variation in optimization algorithm.
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Stix, Volker. "Target oriented branch & bound method for global optimization." Institut für Informationsverarbeitung und Informationswirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1696/1/document.pdf.
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We introduce a very simple but efficient idea for branch & bound (B&B) algorithms in global optimization (GO). As input for our generic algorithm, we need an upper bound algorithm for the GO maximization problem and a branching rule. The latter reduces the problem into several smaller subproblems of the same type. The new B&B approach delivers one global optimizer or, if stopped before finished, improved upper and lower bounds for the problem. Its main difference to commonly used B&B techniques is its ability to approximate the problem from above and from below while traversing the problem tree. It needs no supplementary information about the system optimized and does not consume more time than classical B&B techniques. Experimental results with the maximum clique problem illustrate the benefit of this new method. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers on Information Systems, Information Business and Operations
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Zhang, Runtong. "Measurement of effective diffusivity : chromatographic method (pellets & monoliths)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608352.
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This thesis aims to find out the effective diffusivity (Deff) of a porous material – γ-alumina, using an unsteady state method with two inert gases at ambient condition with no reactions. For porous materials, Deff is important because it determines the amount of reactants that transfers to the surface of pores. When Deff is known, the apparent tortuosity factor of γ-alumina is calculated using the parallel pore model. The apparent tortuosity factor is important because: (a) it can be used to back-calculate Deff at reacting conditions; (b) once Deff with reactions is known, the Thiele modulus can be calculated and hence the global reaction rate can be found; (c) apparent tortuosity factor is also important for modelling purposes (e.g. modelling a packed-bed column or a catalytic combustion reactor packed with porous γ-alumina in various shapes and monoliths). Experimental measurements were performed to determine the effective diffusivity of a binary pair of non-reacting gases (He in N2, and N2 in He) in spherical γ-alumina pellets (1 mm diameter), and in γ-alumina washcoated monoliths (washcoat thickness 20 to 60 µm, on 400 cpsi (cells per square inch) cordierite support). The method used is based on the chromatographic technique, where a gas flows through a tube, which is packed with the sample to be tested. A pulse of tracer gas is injected (e.g. using sample loops: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 ml) and by using an on-line mass spectrometer the response in the outlet of the packed bed is monitored over time. For the spherical pellets, the tube i.d. = 13.8 mm and the packed bed depths were 200 and 400 mm. For monoliths the tube i.d. = 7 mm and the packed lengths were 500 and 1000 mm. When the chromatographic technique was applied to the monoliths, it was observed that experimental errors can be significant, and it is very difficult to interpret the data. However, the technique worked well with the spherical pellets, and the effective diffusivity of He in N2 was 0.75 – 1.38 × 10-7 m2 s-1, and for N2 in He was 1.81 – 3.10 × 10-7 m2 s-1. Using the parallel pore model to back-calculate the apparent tortuosity factor, then a value between 5 to 9.5 was found for the pellets.
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Noras, James M., Steven M. R. Jones, Haile S. Rajamani, Simon J. Shepherd, and Eetvelt Peter Van. "Improvements in and Relating to Processing Apparatus & Method." European Patent Office, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2742.
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Snežana, Đorđević. "Izbor parametara kod gradijentnih metoda za probleme optimizacije bez ograničenja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94106&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Posmatra se problem optimizacije bez ograničenja. Za rešavanjeproblema optimizacije bez ograničenja postoji mnoštvo raznovrsnihmetoda. Istraživanje ovde motivisano je potrebom za metodama kojeće brzo konvergirati.Cilj je sistematizacija poznatih rezultata, kao i teorijska i numeričkaanaliza mogućnosti uvođenja parametra u gradijentne metode.Najpre se razmatra problem minimizacije konveksne funkcije višepromenljivih.Problem minimizacije konveksne funkcije više promenljivih ovde serešava bez izračunavanja matrice hesijana, što je naročito aktuelno zasisteme velikih dimenzija, kao i za probleme optimizacije kod kojihne raspolažemo ni tačnom vrednošću funkcije cilja, ni tačnomvrednošću gradijenta. Deo motivacije za istraživanjem ovde leži i upostojanju problema kod kojih je funkcija cilja rezultat simulacija.Numerički rezultati, predstavljeni u Glavi 6, pokazuju da uvođenjeizvesnog parametra može biti korisno, odnosno, dovodi do ubrzanjaodređenog metoda optimizacije.Takođe se predstavlja jedan novi hibridni metod konjugovanoggradijenta, kod koga je parametar konjugovanog gradijentakonveksna kombinacija dva poznata parametra konjugovanoggradijenta.U prvoj glavi opisuje se motivacija kao i osnovni pojmovi potrebni zapraćenje preostalih glava.U drugoj glavi daje se pregled nekih gradijentnih metoda prvog idrugog reda.Četvrta glava sadrži pregled osnovnih pojmova i nekih rezultatavezanih za metode konjugovanih gradijenata.Pomenute glave su tu radi pregleda nekih poznatih rezultata, dok seoriginalni doprinos predstavlja u trećoj, petoj i šestoj glavi.U trećoj glavi se opisuje izvesna modifikacija određenog metoda ukome se koristi multiplikativni parametar, izabran na slučajan način.Dokazuje se linearna konvergencija tako formiranog novog metoda.Peta glava sadrži originalne rezultate koji se odnose na metodekonjugovanih gradijenata. Naime, u ovoj glavi predstavlja se novihibridni metod konjugovanih gradijenata, koji je konveksnakombinacija dva poznata metoda konjugovanih gradijenata.U šestoj glavi se daju rezultati numeričkih eksperimenata, izvršenihna izvesnom skupu test funkcija, koji se odnose na metode iz treće ipete glave. Implementacija svih razmatranih algoritama rađena je upaketu MATHEMATICA. Kriterijum upoređivanja je vreme radacentralne procesorske jedinice.6The problem under consideration is an unconstrained optimizationproblem. There are many different methods made in aim to solve theoptimization problems. The investigation made here is motivated bythe fact that the methods which converge fast are necessary.The main goal is the systematization of some known results and alsotheoretical and numerical analysis of the possibilities to int roducesome parameters within gradient methods.Firstly, the minimization problem is considered, where the objectivefunction is a convex, multivar iable function. This problem is solvedhere without the calculation of Hessian, and such solution is veryimportant, for example, when the big dimension systems are solved,and also for solving optimization problems with unknown values ofthe objective function and its gradient. Partially, this investigation ismotivated by the existence of problems where the objective functionis the result of simulations.Numerical results, presented in Chapter 6, show that the introductionof a parameter is useful, i.e., such introduction results by theacceleration of the known optimization method.Further, one new hybrid conjugate gradient method is presented, inwhich the conjugate gradient parameter is a convex combination oftwo known conjugate gradient parameters.In the first chapter, there is motivation and also the basic co nceptswhich are necessary for the other chapters.The second chapter contains the survey of some first order andsecond order gradient methods.The fourth chapter contains the survey of some basic concepts andresults corresponding to conjugate gradient methods.The first, the second and the fourth chapters are here to help inconsidering of some known results, and the original results arepresented in the chapters 3,5 and 6.In the third chapter, a modification of one unco nstrained optimizationmethod is presented, in which the randomly chosen multiplicativeparameter is used. Also, the linear convergence of such modificationis proved.The fifth chapter contains the original results, corresponding toconjugate gradient methods. Namely, one new hybrid conjugategradient method is presented, and this method is the convexcombination of two known conjugate gradient methods.The sixth chapter consists of the numerical results, performed on a setof test functions, corresponding to methods in the chapters 3 and 5.Implementation of all considered algorithms is made in Mathematica.The comparison criterion is CPU time.
The problem under consideration is an unconstrained optimizationproblem. There are many different methods made in aim to solve theoptimization problems. The investigation made here is motivated bythe fact that the methods which converge fast are necessary.The main goal is the systematization of some known results and alsotheoretical and numerical analysis of the possibilities to int roducesome parameters within gradient methods.Firstly, the minimization problem is considered, where the objectivefunction is a convex, multivar iable function. This problem is solvedhere without the calculation of Hessian, and such solution is veryimportant, for example, when the big dimension systems are solved,and also for solving optimization problems with unknown values ofthe objective function and its gradient. Partially, this investigation ismotivated by the existence of problems where the objective functionis the result of simulations.Numerical results, presented in Chapter 6, show that the introductionof a parameter is useful, i.e., such introduction results by theacceleration of the known optimization method.Further, one new hybrid conjugate gradient method is presented, inwhich the conjugate gradient parameter is a convex combination oftwo known conjugate gradient parameters.In the first chapter, there is motivation and also the basic co nceptswhich are necessary for the other chapters.Key Words Documentation 97The second chapter contains the survey of some first order andsecond order gradient methods.The fourth chapter contains the survey of some basic concepts andresults corresponding to conjugate gradient methods.The first, the second and the fourth chapters are here to help inconsidering of some known results, and the original results arepresented in the chapters 3,5 and 6.In the third chapter, a modification of one unco nstrained optimizationmethod is presented, in which the randomly chosen multiplicativeparameter is used. Also, the linear convergence of such modificationis proved.The fifth chapter contains the original results, corresponding toconjugate gradient methods. Namely, one new hybrid conjugategradient method is presented, and this method is the convexcombination of two known conjugate gradient methods.The sixth chapter consists of the numerical results, performed on a setof test functions, corresponding to methods in the chapters 3 and 5.Implementation of all considered algorithms is made in Mathematica.The comparison criterion is CPU time
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Martins, Costa Marilia Teresa Cadillon. "Chimiste : un ensemble de logiciels de modélisation moléculaire quantique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10183.
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Amélioration de la performance des méthodes semi-empiriques en étudiant les différentes possibilités d'accélération de convergence des méthodes SCF et la prise en compte de la symétrie moléculaire. Pour les vibrations moléculaires, l'étude théorique est basée sur un calcul analytique de la matrice des constantes de force, les modes normaux de vibration pouvant être exprimés en coordonnées internes ou en coordonnées de symétrie et représentés graphiquement selon les conventions usuelles. Réalisation d'un logiciel de localisation d'orbitales par les méthodes de ruedenberg et de boys, et d'un logiciel de visualisation graphique. Simplification de l'entrée des données par la mise au point d'un logiciel graphique intéractif
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Finnegan, Patrick. "Inter-organisational systems : towards a planning method." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390036.
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Horefti, Ioulia-Christina. "Aeroporation : a new method for cell transfection." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364549.
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Cranfield, E. C. "Supporting a multi-method software development paradigm." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233093.
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Bainbridge, John Ralph. "A probablistic method for software product measurement." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334389.
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Madsen, Nathalie, and Jonas Tetzlaff. "Att synas men inte finnas : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om psykologers upplevelser av trauma & ADHD." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78103.
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Författarna till uppsatsen hade i sin kliniska erfarenhet liknande upplevelser kring en bristfällig adressering av trauma i patienters historia samt en känsla av ökande antal ADHD-diagnoser. Tankar och funderingar uppstod kring om det förelåg samband mellan dessa tillstånd och hur trauma används i den kliniska verkligheten. Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka upplevelsen av klinisk utredning gällande trauma och ADHD hos psykologer verksamma på BUP, samt undersöka om psykologer på BUP upplever ett eventuellt samband mellan trauma och ADHD samt om trauma förbises inom klinisk utredning till förmån för ADHD. Inom ramen för dessa frågor genomfördes åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med psykologer verksamma på BUP vid olika regioner i Sverige. Den insamlade datan bearbetades genom tematisk analys. Resultatet redovisas genom de tre huvudteman som identifierats: Vad är trauma egentligen?; Symtomöverlapp; Att hitta eller inte hitta trauma, det är frågan. Det framkom att trauma är brett och svårdefinierat, underdiagnostiserat sett till de manualer som finns tillgängliga och tenderar att undvikas i kliniskt arbete. Resultatet visade också att ADHD troligtvis är både över- och underdiagnostiserat och är en diagnos där det inte råder samstämmighet kring etiologi. Det är också tydligt att de två tillstånden har ett omfattande symtomöverlapp och att differentieringen mellan dem är mycket problematisk. Slutsatser som dras utifrån resultatet innefattar att psykologer vid BUP dels upplever att trauma förbises vid klinisk utredning och dels att ADHD felaktigt kan tillskrivas i vissa kontexter när trauma föreligger som primär problembild för patienten.The authors of the study had similiar experiences from their clinical work regarding an insufficient focus on trauma in patients history and a feeling that the number of ADHD-diagnosis was increasing. Questions emerged about whether there was a connection between the two conditions and how trauma is used in clinical practice. The main purpose of the study was to examine psychologists experience of clinical assessment regarding trauma and ADHD working within the child and adolescent psychiatry, as well as examining if psychologists experience a possible connection between trauma and ADHD and if trauma is overlooked in clinical assesment in favor of the ADHD-diagnosis. Eight semistructured interviews with psychologists working at child and adolescent psychiatry in Sweden was carried out. The collected data was processed through thematic analysis. It emerged that trauma has a wide understanding and is difficult to define, that it is underdiagnosed looking at the manuals available and tends to be avoided in clinical work. The findings also showed that ADHD probably is both over- and underdiagnosed and that it’s a diagnosis where there is not unanimity regarding etiology. It is also clear that these two conditions have a symtom overlap that is extensive and differentiating between the two is very difficult. Conclusions drawn from the findings include that psychologists working within child and adolescent psychiatry experience partly that trauma is overlooked in clinical assessment and partly that ADHD may be ascribed inadequately in certain contexts when the primary problem for the patient is trauma.
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Sarac, Leyla. "Effects Of Different Instructional Methods And Time On Students&." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609751/index.pdf.
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Many research studies have shown that first aid education is important to save lives of individuals, but first aid skills are deficient in a society. A variety of instructional methods were introduced to increase the people who are equipped with first aid skills. However, it is still a debate over the best method of teaching first aid. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to analyze the effects of various instructional methods (traditional, case-based and web-based) on acquisition and retention of first aid cognitive, psychomotor and affective behaviors. Ninety participants (52 female, 48 male) included in the study were the second (n=3), the third (n=44), and the fourth (n=43) year students selecting first aid as an elective course at Middle East Technical University. As the course student list built up for those who would take the course, they were assigned to one of the three groups randomly before the treatment started: Group I-Traditional instruction (30 students), Group II-Case-based instruction (30 students), and Group III-Web-based instruction (30 students). Data were collected by using First Aid Cognitive Behavior Test, First Aid Psychomotor Behavior Tests (skill reporter manikin and skill checklist), First Aid Affective Behavior Scale, and qualitative interviews. All students in each instruction group were tested three times Statistical analyses included the Mixed Factorial ANOVA to examine the effects of independent variables (instructional methods and time) on dependent variables (first aid cognitive, psychomotor and affective behaviors). Results showed that instructional method had similar effect on students’
first aid cognitive behaviors. However, students&
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in traditional instruction group got higher scores compared to case-based and web-based instruction groups in retention test. In terms of first aid psychomotor behaviors, CPR performance, including chest compressions and ventilations, of web-based instruction group was poor compared to traditional and case-based instruction groups. Similarly, CPR and Recovery Position performance was deprived in web-based instruction group. Retention time negatively affected to psychomotor behaviors of students in most of the skills. In terms of first aid affective behaviors, students&
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scores were affected by characteristics of the casualty, characteristics of the first aider, characteristics of the event, and some other factors, however mean scores of students in three instruction groups were close to the no effect preference in the first aid affective behavior scale.
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Shmoylova, Elena. "Boundary Integral Equation Method in Elasticity with Microstructure." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2847.
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Problems involving mechanical behavior of materials with microstructure are receiving an increasing amount of attention in the literature. First of all, it can be attributed to the fact that a number of recent experiments shows a significant discrepancy between results of the classical theory of elasticity and the actual behavior of materials for which microstructure is known to be significant (e. g. synthetic polymers, human bones). Second, materials, for which microstructure contributes significantly in the overall deformation of a whole body, are becoming more and more important for applications in different areas of modern day mechanics, physics and engineering. Since the classical theory is not adequate for modeling the elastic behavior of such materials, a new theory, which allows us to incorporate microstructure into a classical model, should be used.
The foundations of a theory allowing to account for the effect of material microstructure were developed in the beginning of the twentieth century and is known as the theory of Cosserat (micropolar, asymmetric) elasticity. For the last forty years significant results have been accomplished leading to a better understanding of processes occurring in Cosserat continuum. In particular, significant progress has been achieved in the investigation of three-dimensional problems of micropolar elasticity, plane and anti-plane problems, bending of micropolar plates. These problems can be effectively solved in a very elegant manner using the boundary integral equation method.
However, the boundary integral equation method imposes significant restrictions on properties of boundaries of domains under consideration. In particular, it requires that the boundary be represented by a twice differentiable curve which makes it impossible to apply the method for domains with reduced boundary smoothness or domains containing cuts or cracks. Therefore, the rigorous treatment of boundary value problems of Cosserat elasticity for domains with irregular boundaries has remained untouched until today.
A mathematically sophisticated, but very effective approach which allows to overcome the difficulty relating to the boundary requirement consists of the formulation of the corresponding boundary value problems in terms of the distributional setting in Sobolev spaces. In this case the appropriate weak solution may be found in terms of the corresponding integral potentials which perfectly works for domains with reduced boundary smoothness.
The objective of this work is to develop such a method that allows us to describe and solve the boundary value problems of plane Cosserat elasticity for domains with non-smooth boundaries and for domains weakened by cracks. We illustrate the method by establishing the analytical solutions for boundary value problems of plane Cosserat elasticity, which plays an important role as a pilot problem for the investigation of more challenging problems of three-dimensional theory of micropolar elasticity. We show that the analytical solutions derived in this work may be successfully approximated numerically using the boundary element method and that these solutions can be extremely important for applications in engineering science.
One of the important applied problems considered herein is the problem of stress distribution around a crack in a human bone. The bone is modeled under assumptions of plane Cosserat elasticity and the solution derived on the basis of the method developed in this dissertation shows that material microstructure does indeed have a significant effect on stress distribution around a crack.
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Natarajan, Sundararajan. "Enriched finite element methods : advances & applications." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/11123/.
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This thesis presents advances and applications of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The novelty of the XFEM is the enrichment of the primary variables in the elements intersected by the discontinuity surface by appropriate functions. The enrichment scheme carries the local behaviour of the problem and the main advantage is that the method does not require themesh to conform to the internal boundaries. But this flexibility comes with associated difficulties: (1) Blending problem; (2) Numerical integration of enrichment functions and (3) sub-optimal rate of convergence. This thesis addresses the difficulty in the numerical integration of the enrichment functions in the XFEM by proposing two new numerical integration schemes. The first method relies on conformal mapping, where the regions intersected by the discontinuity surface are mapped onto a unit disk. The second method relies on strain smoothing applied to discontinuous finite element approximations. By writing the strain field as a non-local weighted average of the compatible strain field, integration on the interior of the finite elements is transformed into boundary integration, so that no sub-division into integration cells is required. The accuracy and the efficiency of both the methods are studied numerically with problems involving strong and weak discontinuities. The XFEM is applied to study the crack inclusion interaction in a particle reinforced composite material. The influence of the crack length, the number of inclusions and the geometry of the inclusions on the crack tip stress field is numerically studied. Linear natural frequencies of cracked functionally graded material plates are studied within the framework of the XFEM. The effect of the plate aspect ratio, the crack length, the crack orientation, the gradient index and the influence of cracks is numerically studied. LATEX-ed Friday, October 14, 2011; 10:55am © Sundararajan Natarajan
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Hart, Kathryn Hayley. "Changing children's diets : developing methods & messages." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842746/.
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Primary school-aged children are an important target for health promotion but their increasing social and financial freedom is unlikely to be matched by an increase in their food control, cognitive abilities or the perceived need required to facilitate healthy behaviours, especially food choice. Thus, indirect attempts at behavioural modification are required, with parents indicated as potentially powerful education intermediaries. This research aimed to take a 'bottom-up' approach to investigate the current motivators and reinforcers for behaviour change within the families of primary school children in the UK. Initial focus group discussions with children and parents were hypothesis generating, highlighting the perceived priorities and required message format of the target audience in relation to children's diet and exercise behaviour. Quantitative depth was added to these findings via the development of a novel tool based upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour. This questionnaire was completed by 199 parents, allowing a rigorous assessment of parental intention to provide a healthy diet for their children. Finally study findings informed the development of a tailored parental nutrition education intervention which was pilot tested with 13 parents, providing valuable information regarding the logistical implications of implementing a health promotion programme within the parent population. Overall, results indicated a general rejection of traditional nutritional messages and sources in favour of a less abstract, more flexible approach with a short term health focus delivered by neutral agencies. Whilst healthy eating was viewed positively, parents tended to perceive unrealistic targets and to have sub optimal nutritional knowledge and an inadequate awareness of their own influence as a model for their child's behaviour. Negative approaches to food control were frequently observed along with practical barriers to education uptake, which need to be addressed. Significant differences in parental attitudes and behaviour were observed between families of different socio-economic status and variations were seen by child gender. Parents appeared to be reinforcing inappropriate gender stereotypes in the domain of food and exercise behaviour. Social support was shown to positively impact on parental intention to provide a healthy diet, indicating the importance of ensuring sufficient environmental support for behaviour change, via family and community cohesiveness. This research has allowed the nutrition education language, priorities and beliefs of the dynamic UK parent and child population to be characterised and quantified and the possibilities for their incorporation into effective, if non-traditional approaches to health promotion are discussed.
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Weng, Wei-Chung. "Taguchi's method for optimizing electromagnetic applications /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1414125771&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1221160089&clientId=22256.
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Blanchet, Peggy D. C. "Mercury in hair : method development and application to population studies." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1996. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19358/.
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As part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy And Childhood, the toxic metal, mercury, is studied in order to assess whether it presents a danger to the development of children in the UK.The development and optimisation of a digestion procedure for the determination of total mercury in hair is described. The procedure chosen consists of the microwave digestion of 0.2-0.5g hair with 2 ml HNO3 and 1 ml H2O2 . The effect of washing and drying of the samples is investigated, and found not to influence analytical results when hair samples are collected after shampooing. However, freeze-drying of the samples results in the loss of 30% of mercury. The distribution of mercury along the length of a strand of hair is studied. It is shown to vary in adults (up to a factor of 7) but not in children (less than 20%). In the applications of this analytical method to population studies, the frequency of fish meals, and the age of the subject are positively correlated to the mercury levels in adults' hair (r = 0.539 and 0.513, respectively). Breast-feeding and mercury levels in children's hair are also correlated (r = 0.433). The relationship between number of fillings and mercury levels in adults' hair is not significant. No correlation was found between mercury levels in children's hair and Developmental Quotient (Griffith's scales) (r = -0.24 to 0.18).The optimisation of a coupled High Performance Liquid Chromatography - CV-AFS system for the study of mercury speciation is described. The use of KOH and microwave digestion for the extraction of mercury species was unsuccessful, and thus recommendations for future work are made.
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Tang, Yan. "Modeling & simulation of flexible structures using the finite element method." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176237365.
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Holmlund, Tim, and Oscar Lindqvist. "Virtual Team Management & Organisational Identification : A Mixed Method Study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105768.
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The rapid development of information technology has enabled the use of virtual teams, which are teams whose members use IT to coordinate their activities from a dispersed setting. The phenomenon of virtual teams raises questions regarding issues related to this type of work, i.e. organisational identification and other problems related to virtual work. We have investigated how to best manage these teams in order for managers to be successful in the virtual environment by studying the advantages and disadvantages as well as success factors. The study has used a mixed methodology, where we have interviewed 8 managers that are active in virtual work and we have also conducted a survey to investigate how members of virtual teams perceives issues of organisational identification and issues related to virtual work. One of the most important findings of this study is that there was a positive relationship between level of organisational identification and level of virtuality, member involvement, and previous experience. The strongest predictor for organisational identification was although the level of member involvement. We can conclude that the main advantages of virtual work were cost reduction and the access to competence. The main disadvantage of virtual work was identified as lack of interpersonal relations in the workplace. Other disadvantages were found as unorganised meetings, unprioritised work as well as technological issues. The most important success factors were found to be Clear roles and Responsibilities, Pre-agreement/time plan, Defined Strategies. These three factors could be summarised as "What needs to be done, when and by who‟. Moreover, clear and distinct communication within the team in order to avoid misunderstandings, followed by User-friendly technology and to have previous experience of technology used was also identified as important factors in virtual work. Other success factors identified was the use of Face-to-Face meetings.
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Lee, Cheuk Woon, and 李焯垣. "Design & build in Hong Kong: an alternative procurement method." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251298.
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Lee, Cheuk Woon. "Design & build in Hong Kong : an alternative procurement method /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25947254.
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Kimber, M. L. "Mass spectrometric methods in drug analysis." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373602.
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Fowler, Simon Quiller. "A development method for trusted real-time kernels." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298326.
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Sollero, Paulo. "Fracture mechanics analysis of anisotropic laminates by the boundary element method." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387337.
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Kavanagh, Sean Edwin Bernard. "Novel methods of tuning semiconductor injection lasers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284797.
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Buah, Patrick Asebiah. "Finite element methods for computational nonlinear optics." Thesis, City University London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319669.
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Mahmoud, G. A. "A new method of assessing power system stability." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372306.
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Dunk, Kevin John. "An attribute design method for flexible welding systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357536.
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Dowrani, Ali Akbar Gharooni. "Efficiency of air cooler coil defrost methods and the effect of these methods on the refrigeration cycle performance." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316876.
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Alghatam, Mohammed Jassim. "Solar ventilation and air-conditioning system investigation using the finite element method." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1985. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7408.
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The finite element method is used to predict numerically steady state, two-dimensional laminar and turbulent thermal buoyant and convective recirculating flows. The governing equations are solved by the finite element method using Galerkin Weighting functions, with velocity, pressure, and temperature as dependent variables. Turbulent separating, recirculating flow in the complex geometry of a room with variable inlets, outlets and convective chimney ducts is investigated. The room is ventilated/air-conditioned utilising the solar energy via a flat plate collector and solar absorption airconditioning system. For this purpose the Navier-Stokes, continuity and general energy equations are solved in a coupled form and in an uncoupled form and solutions are compared amongst themselves and with the experimental results of hot wire anemometers and thermocouples. The parts where turbulent flows occurred especially in the convective duct and the room, the flows are analysed using the Prandtl- Kolmöjorov model to depict the effective viscosity. The analogy between thermal and momentum diffusivity via Prandtl number is used to depict the turbulent conductivity from the turbulent viscosity. The length scale of turbulence is specified as an algebraic function of position from empirical data and experience of other researchers . The kinetic energy is expressed as a function of velocity at the nodes together with the turbulence intensity which varies from ~5% - ~20%. This turbulence model is used to predict the flow including its recirculations in the solar ventilated/air-conditioned room, and the fully turbulent convective channel. The analysis includes temperature and heat transfer predictions in this complex geometry of combined free and forced convection, together with buoyancy effects and turbulent transport and recirculations. Results obtained are compared with the experimental data which showed very good agreement.
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Ip, Wai Cheung. "Bootstrap methods in econometrics." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292325.
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