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Journal articles on the topic 'Amalgams'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Geier, DA, and MR Geier. "Dental amalgam fillings and mercury vapor safety limits in American adults." Human & Experimental Toxicology 41 (January 2022): 096032712211063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09603271221106341.

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Objective For more than 150 years, dental amalgam fillings (50% metallic mercury (Hg0) by weight) have been used in American dentistry. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acknowledged that amalgams release Hg vapor that may be harmful to certain patients. This study examined the impact of Hg vapor exposure from amalgams in American adults. Methods Amalgam-Hg vapor exposure among 158,274,824 weighted-adult Americans was examined in the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Beta (β)-coefficients were calculated for the correlation between the number of amalg

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2

Robert, Siblerud. "An Overview of Evidence that Mercury from Dental Fillings may be an Etiological Factor in Many Health Disorders." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 6 (2021): 472–85. https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1263.

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<strong>Aim:</strong> The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research regarding the toxic health effects caused by mercury dental amalgams. <strong>Method:</strong> The study involved summarizing scientific articles in journals regarding health effects of dental amalgam mercury. <strong>Results:</strong> The science strongly suggests dental amalgam mercury may be an etiological factor in numerous health disorders. Mental health seems to be affected the most including such conditions as depression, anger, and irritability. Studies have also associated it with schizophrenia

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3

Snapp, K. R., D. B. Boyer, L. C. Peterson, and C. W. Svare. "The Contribution of Dental Amalgam to Mercury in Blood." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 5 (1989): 780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680050501.

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We determined the exposure to mercury from dental amalgam by comparison of blood levels of mercury before and after removal of all amalgams from ten subjects. Baseline concentrations of mercury in whole blood were measured weekly for four to 18 weeks (median = 6.6 weeks) prior to removal. All amalgams were removed in a single appointment. The subjects had an average of 14 surfaces of amalgam, seven of which were occlusal surfaces. Weekly blood sampling was continued for five to 18 weeks (median=7.6 weeks) after the amalgams were removed. The mean baseline concentration of total mercury in whol

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4

Marshall, S. J., and G. W. Marshall. "Dental Amalgam: the Materials." Advances in Dental Research 6, no. 1 (1992): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374920060012401.

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The goal of this presentation is to describe the material as it is used clinically, explain why small quantities of Hg can be released, and suggest ideas for amalgams that do not release mercury. A set amalgam is a dynamic material that undergoes many microstructural changes during clinical use, related to both the elevated temperature and corrosion-prone environment in the mouth and mechanical forces applied to the restoration. Amalgams can be divided roughly into two groups by their copper content: low Cu (traditional) and high Cu. High-Cu amalgams generally perform better clinically, but al

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5

Greener, E. H. "Amalgam: Reactor Response." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 1 (1988): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020012401.

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Although the number of research reports on dental composites far outnumbers those on amalgams in recent years, amalgam remains the popular clinical choice for posterior restorations. Recent research on corrosion phenomena, mechanical properties, and new compositions indicates that the useful properties of amalgam may still be improved. Given the current position of amalgam within the dental armamentarium, focused research on the physical chemistry and metallurgy of current and new amalgams may continue to pay dividends.

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6

Kadhim, Mohammed O., Wisam A. Latif, Fayq Hsan Jabbar, and Sura T. Nassir. "Effect of Copper Content Addition to Dental Amalgam Properties." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 2 (2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.2.nq21015.

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A set of high-copper amalgam alloys have been prepared based on the change in the ratio of copper to silver using elemental components of high purity 99.9%. The amalgamation processes were done by mixing alloy powders with mercury at a fixed ratio. Structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction and Optical Microscopy. Also, microhardness, and compressive strength were used to study some other important mechanical properties. The prepared amalgams were compared with well-known commercial amalgams; ANA 2000 and Standalloy F. The results of X-ray diffraction showed several prime phase

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7

Shen, C., J. Speigel, and I. A. Mjör. "Repair Strength of Dental Amalgams." Operative Dentistry 31, no. 1 (2006): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/04-205.

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8

Vimy, M. J., and F. L. Lorscheider. "Clinical Science." Journal of Dental Research 64, no. 8 (1985): 1069–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345850640080901.

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Intra-oral air was analyzed for mercury (Hg) vapor concentration in 46 subjects, 35 of whom had dental amalgam restorations. Measurements were made with a Jerome Hg detector both before and ten min after chewing stimulation. Subjects with dental amalgams had unstimulated Hg vapor concentrations that were nine times greater than basal levels in control subjects with no amalgams. Chewing stimulation in subjects with amalgams increased their Hg concentration six-fold over unstimulated Hg levels, or a 54-fold increase over levels observed in control subjects. Concentrations of Hg measured in intra

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9

Hoch, Constantin. "Atomic migration and phase transformation processes in dental amalgams over 27 years, monitored by X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 79, no. 12 (2024): 729–35. https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-2024-0103.

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Abstract The identification of those intermetallic phases which constitute the complex multi-phase system of dental amalgams is rather contradictory in literature. This is intriguing, as the production processes of dental amalgams are standardized since a long time. The reason for the divergence on reported amalgam phases may be due to changes within the microstructure of dental amalgams occurring over time. With a combination of X-ray powder diffraction, Rietveld refinements and X-ray spectroscopy, we were able to show the differences in chemical phases and morphologies between a freshly prep

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10

Sutow, E. J., D. W. Jones, and G. C. Hall. "Correlation of Dental Amalgam Crevice Corrosion with Clinical Ratings." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 2 (1989): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680021301.

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In vitro corrosion behavior of γ2-containing and γ2-free dental amalgams was examined under crevice conditions which simulated the amalgam-tooth interface. By means of potentiostatic testing, currentdensity/time behavior and integrated anodic current were measured for 16 hr. All of the amalgams demonstrated crevice corrosion susceptibility. Crevice corrosion propagation for γ2-free vs. γ2-containing amalgams was characterized by lower acceleration and maximum rates during the most dynamic period. Integrated anodic current results were correlated with marginal breakdown ratings reported in two

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11

Siblerud, Robert L., John Motl, and Eldon Kienholz. "Psychometric Evidence That Mercury from Silver Dental Fillings May Be an Etiological Factor in Depression, Excessive Anger, and Anxiety." Psychological Reports 74, no. 1 (1994): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.67.

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Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory were compared for 25 women who had silver dental fillings (amalgams) and for 23 women without amalgams. Women with amalgams had significantly higher scores and reported more symptoms of fatigue and insomnia. Anger scores from the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory showed that the women with amalgams had statistically significantly higher mean scores on expressing anger without provocation and experiencing more intense angry feelings. The women without amalgams scored significantly higher on controlling anger, which suggested they invested more energy

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12

Ferracane, J. L., P. Mafiana, C. Cooper, and T. Okabe. "Time-dependent Dissolution of Amalgams into Saline Solution." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 8 (1987): 1331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660080801.

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The dissolution of mercury, silver, and copper from polished and unpolished surfaces of low- and high-copper amalgams into saline was investigated with respect to time via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Greater amounts of mercury and silver were released from unpolished than from polished surfaces. Ion release was greatest during the first three hours after trituration of all amalgams. The rate of dissolution of ions from amalgams into saline is considered to be very low once the amalgam has set, and is probably inhibited by the formation of a surface film formed during immersion.

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13

Amado, Quintero H., Caballero A. Ramon A, and Hilders G. O. "Creep Mechanism Determination on Dispersed Phase Amalgams using High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) Observation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 1042–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037703.

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Creep mechanism determination on dental amalgams has been a subject of interest in recent research works. Most of these studies conclude that the creep behavior can be explained by the well-known expression: ɛ = A σnexp (-Q/RT). Reported values for n (potential coefficient of stress) are in the order of 3 for phase dispersed dental amalgams and 2 for conventional amalgams. It suggests a grain sliding creep mechanism for conventional amalgams and a climb dislocation mechanism for creep in phase dispersed amalgams due to interactions with the dispersed CuxSny particles typical of this kind of am

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14

Joska, Luděk, and Miroslav Marek. "Passivation of Dental Amalgams and Mercury Release." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 47, no. 4 (2004): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2018.98.

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Objectives: In this study the rate of dissolution of mercury from two dental amalgams with different compositions and structures was determined in vitro under different oxidation and abrasion conditions, and the results were correlated with the electrochemical characteristics. Methods: A spherical high copper and a lathe-cut very high-copper amalgam were tested in aerated and deaerated artificial saliva. The electrochemical characteristics were determined by potential- time, anodic polarization, polarization resistance and cathodic stripping measurements. Mercury release tests were performed a

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15

Okabe, T., J. Ferracane, C. Cooper, H. Matsumoto, and M. Wagner. "Dissolution of Mercury from Amalgam into Saline Solution." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 1 (1987): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660010701.

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Dissolution of mercury from amalgams and some intermetallic compounds found in the amalgam structure, such as γ1, γ2, and β1, was examined during one week of aging in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37°C. The amount of mercury released from γ1(30.2 μg/cm2) was at least 13 times that released from amalgam (0.5 - 2.2 μg/cm2) and five times that released from β1(5.7 μg/cm2). γ 2 released the least amount of mercury (0.46 μg/cm2). The study revealed that as high as 55% of the mercury ions liberated from the amalgams and the amalgam phases was adsorbed onto the walls of the vials in which the specimens were

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16

Toledano, Manuel, Fátima S. Aguilera, Modesto T. López-López, Estrella Osorio, Manuel Toledano-Osorio, and Raquel Osorio. "Zinc-Containing Restorations Create Amorphous Biogenic Apatite at the Carious Dentin Interface: A X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Crystal Lattice Analysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 5 (2016): 1034–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616011697.

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AbstractThe aim of this research was to assess the ability of amalgam restorations to induce amorphous mineral precipitation at the caries-affected dentin substrate. Sound and caries-affected dentin surfaces were subjected to both Zn-free and Zn-containing dental amalgam restorations. Specimens were submitted to thermocycling (100,000 cycles/5°C–55°C, 3 months). Dentin surfaces were studied by atomic force microscopy (nanoroughness), X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive analysis, for physical and morphological surface characterization. Zn-contai

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17

Ishida, Yoshiki, Harumi Aoki, Taira Miyasaka, Yusuke Aoyagi, Daisuke Miura, and Akikazu Shinya. "Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (2021): 13135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413135.

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Mercury is produced and drained into the environment by removing dental amalgams, which may cause mercury pollution. This study aimed to clarify the mercury amount remaining in the oral cavity and inside the drain system after removal. The effects of the removal conditions and differences in drainage systems were also investigated. Dental amalgams filled in the tooth and placed in a phantom head were removed using an air turbine under several conditions (two removal methods, absence of cooling water, and intraoral suction). Then, the oral cavity was rinsed with 100 mL of water (oral rinse wate

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18

Kemaloglu, Hande, Tijen Pamir, and Huseyin Tezel. "A 3-year randomized clinical trial evaluating two different bonded posterior restorations: Amalgam versus resin composite." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 01 (2016): 016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.175692.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the performance and postoperative sensitivity of a posterior resin composite with that of bonded amalgam in 40 (n = 20) large sized cavities and to evaluate whether resin composite could be an alternative for bonded amalgam. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial. Twenty patients in need of at least two posterior restorations were recruited. Authors randomly assigned one half of the restorations to receive bonded amalgam and the other half to composite restorations. Forty bonded amalgams (n = 20) and composites (n = 20) were evaluated for the

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19

Kasraei, Shahin, Loghman Rezaei-Soufi, and Mohaddese Azarsina. "The Effect of a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Gel on Mercury and Silver Ion Release from Admixed and Spherical Dental Amalgams." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 11, no. 6 (2010): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-11-6-9.

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Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 16 percent carbamide peroxide gel on mercury and silver ions released from admixed and spherical dental amalgams. Methods and Materials A total of 96 amalgam discs were prepared from two different types and brands of dental amalgam (admixed and spherical). The samples were stored at room temperature in glass tubes containing distilled water for 24 hours. The specimens were then polished and again immersed in distilled water at room temperature and stored for one month. Samples of both types of dental amalgam were treated with

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20

Bellinger, D. C., F. Trachtenberg, A. Zhang, M. Tavares, D. Daniel, and S. McKinlay. "Dental Amalgam and Psychosocial Status: The New England Children’s Amalgam Trial." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 5 (2008): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700504.

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High-dose exposures to elemental mercury vapor cause emotional dysfunction, but it is uncertain whether the levels of exposure that result from having dental amalgam restorations do so. As part of the New England Children’s Amalgam Trial, a randomized trial involving 6- to 10-year-old children, we evaluated the hypothesis that restoration of caries using dental amalgam resulted in worse psychosocial outcomes than restoration using mercury-free composite resin. The primary outcome was the parent-completed Child Behavior Checklist. The secondary outcome was children’s self-reports using the Beha

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21

Siblerud, Robert L. "A Comparison of Mental Health of Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Silver/Mercury Dental Fillings and Those with Fillings Removed." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3_suppl (1992): 1139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3c.1139.

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In this study was compared the mental health status of 47 multiple sclerosis patients with silver/mercury tooth fillings (amalgams) to that of 50 patients with their fillings removed. On the Beck Depression Inventory the multiple sclerosis subjects with amalgams suffered significantly more depression while their scores on the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory indicated the former group also exhibited significantly more anger. On the SCL-90 Revised, subjects with amalgam fillings had significantly more symptoms of depression, hostility, psychotism, and were more obsessive-compulsive than t

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R., ABOU SHAHBA, S. HASSAN N., S. AHMED A., and M. ROSHDY S. "Behaviour of Nickel Amalgams in Phosphoric Acid Solutions." Journal Of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 67, Aug 1990 (1990): 645–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220622.

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Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Chemistry Department, Nasr City, Cairo,<strong> </strong>Egypt<strong> </strong> <em>Manuscript received 26 September 1988, revised 8 February 1990, accepted 7 May 1990</em> Nickel amalgams of varying concentrations were anodically oxidised galvanostatically in phosphoric acid solutions at 25°. For nickel amalgams two different oxidation patterns were distinguished- the first in concentrated (1.0 and 3.0 <em>N </em>H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) and the second in dilute (0.1 <em>N </em>H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) acid solutions.&nbsp

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Rakesh, Kumar Yadav, Pratap Verma Umesh, Tiwari Rini, and Chaurasia Akhilanand. "Mercury or Mercury Free Restorations in Oral Cavity." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 7, no. 3 (2018): 201~206. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v7i3.14236.

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Amalgam is basically a concoction of metals that has been used as a potent filling material in dentistry for the last 150 years. Amalgam usually consists of silver, mercury, tin and copper. Dental amalgam is a material used to fill cavities of tooth. Over the years, amalgam has become a topic of concern because it contains mercury. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal in the environment. Mercury exists as a liquid in room temperature but when heated, it becomes a gas. Flexibility of amalgam as a filling material is due Mercury. An alloy powder, a compound that is soft in nature when mixed wi

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Sobhi, Khaled, Mohamed Azzouz, Saliha Magherbi, and Barkahoum Alamir. "Study of mercury release in dental amalgam wearers by measuring salivary and urinary mercury." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 10, no. 1 (2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsoa.2023.10105.

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Background. Mercury amalgam remains the most effective and least expensive dental filling material. Mercury is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the ten chemicals or groups of chemicals that are extremely concerning for public health. The aim of our study is to assess exposure to mercury from dental amalgams through the measurement of salivary and urinary mercury. Population and methods. This is a prospective, analytical study carried out at the National Toxicology Center of Algiers during the year 2004. The study included 48 subjects with dental amalgams and 12 subje

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Stewart, James, and Saleem Watson. "Irregular amalgams." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 9, no. 2 (1986): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171286000418.

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The amalgam ofLpandℓqconsists of those functions for which the sequence ofLp-norms over the intervals[n,n+1)is inℓq. These spaces(Lp,ℓq)have been studied in several recent papers. Here we replace the intervals[n,n+1)by a coverα={In;n∈Z}of the real line consisting of disjoint half-open intervalsIneach of the form[a,b), and investigate which properties of(Lp,ℓq)carry over to these irregular amalgams(Lp,ℓq)α. In particular, we study how(Lp,ℓq)αvaries asp,q, andαvary and determine conditions under which translation is continuous.

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Merino, José Joaquín, María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz, Adolfo Toledano Gasca, et al. "Elevated Systemic L-Kynurenine/L-Tryptophan Ratio and Increased IL-1 Beta and Chemokine (CX3CL1, MCP-1) Proinflammatory Mediators in Patients with Long-Term Titanium Dental Implants." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9 (2019): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091368.

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Titanium is the mean biocompatible metal found in dental titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). The safety of certain dental biomaterial amalgams has been questioned in patients. The levels of several systemic cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4: pg/mL) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble fractalkine (CX3CL1: pg/mL) were determined using ELISA and compared between these study groups. The study included 30 controls without dental materials (cont), 57 patients with long-term titanium dental implants plus amalgams (A + I group) as well as 55 patients with long-term dent

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Jirau-Colón, Hector, Leonardo González-Parrilla, Jorge Martinez-Jiménez, Waldemar Adam, and Braulio Jiménez-Velez. "Rethinking the Dental Amalgam Dilemma: An Integrated Toxicological Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061036.

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Mercury (Hg) has been identified as one of the most toxic nonradioactive materials known to man. Although mercury is a naturally occurring element, anthropogenic mercury is now a major worldwide concern and is an international priority toxic pollutant. It also comprises one of the primary constituents of dental amalgam fillings. Even though dental mercury amalgams have been used for almost two centuries, its safety has never been tested or proven in the United States by any regulatory agency. There has been an ongoing debate regarding the safety of its use since 1845, and many studies conclude

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28

Ivanov, A. A., and S. V. Shpectorov. "Amalgams Determined By Locally Projective Actions." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 176 (2004): 19–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000008989.

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AbstractA locally projective amalgam is formed by the stabilizer G(x) of a vertex x and the global stabilizer G{x, y} of an edge (containing x) in a group G, acting faithfully and locally finitely on a connected graph Γ of valency 2n - 1 so that (i) the action is 2-arc-transitive; (ii) the subconstituent G(x)Γ(x) is the linear group SLn(2) = Ln(2) in its natural doubly transitive action and (iii) [t, G{x, y}] < O2(G(x) n G{x, y}) for some t G G{x, y} \ G(x). D. Z. Djokovic and G. L. Miller [DM80], used the classical Tutte’s theorem [Tu47], to show that there are seven locally projective ama

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Yusif, Ghassan L. "CORROSION OF AMALGAMS IN ORAL CAVITY." Journal of Engineering 17, no. 02 (2011): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2011.02.13.

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This paper is a study of the effect of natural saliva (oral cavity) and a fluoride mouthwash on dentalamalgams .Two types electrodes were made the first was of a high copper amalgam while the second wasmade from a low copper amalgam. They were immersed in two types of electrolytes for twelve hours and the whole galvanic cell was connected to a computer via a potentiosat. Their corrosion currents, corrosionvoltage and corrosion resistance was recorded and compared to find which medium that is usually has themost severe effect on the amalgams corrosion.

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De Smet, Hendrik, and Freek Van de Velde. "Serving two masters." On multiple source constructions in language change 37, no. 3 (2013): 534–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.37.3.04des.

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This paper examines two cases of so-called syntactic amalgams. In syntactic amalgams a particular string that is shared by two constructions is exploited to combine them, in such a way that one of the constructions functions as a modifier of the other. Typical examples are after God knows how many years (< after many years + God knows how many years) and a big enough house (< a big house + big enough). In formal theories, these kinds of constructions have been insightfully described as ‘grafts’. However, the exact process through which these amalgams arise remains unexplored. When studie

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Reinhardt, J. W. "Side-Effects: Mercury Contribution to Body Burden From Dental Amalgam." Advances in Dental Research 6, no. 1 (1992): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374920060010201.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine and report on studies that relate mercury levels in human tissues to the presence of dental amalgams, giving special attention to autopsy studies. Until recently, there have been few published studies examining the relationship between dental amalgams and tissue mercury levels. Improved and highly sensitive tissue analysis techniques have made it possible to measure elements in the concentration range of parts per billion. The fact that mercury can be absorbed and reach toxic levels in human tissues makes any and all exposure to that element of scientifi

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Luo, Chongliang, Jingqin Luo, Kayla R. Getz, Myung Sik Jeon, and Adetunji T. Toriola. "Abstract 4271: A new methodological approach to discovering biomarkers of mammographic breast density using pathway-guided lipid amalgamation." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 4271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4271.

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Abstract Introduction: High mammographic breast density (MBD) is a risk factor for breast cancer. Studies are evaluating the associations of various multi-omic biomarkers, in well-defined pathways with MBD, but the existing methodological approaches have drawbacks. For example, multivariate association analysis adjusting for covariates may identify too many biomarkers and lacks proper biological interpretation. On the other hand, simple amalgams (e.g., combination or sum) of species within pathways may result in few associated pathways, as the species within a pathway could have different dire

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Marek, M. I. "Dental Amalgam: Reactor Response." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 1 (1988): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020012501.

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Dental amalgam continues to be an important restorative material; both fundamental and applied research should be encouraged. The criteria for replacement of amalgam restorations should be re-examined to determine if the integrity of the margins should continue to receive the dominant research interest. In the studies of mechanical properties, first attempts have been made to apply fracture mechanics analysis to dental amalgam. The heterogeneous structure and time-dependent strain of dental amalgam will have to be considered in future studies. More attention should be given to the effects of z

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Cabaña-Muñoz, María, José Parmigiani-Izquierdo, Fabio Camacho Alonso, and José Merino. "Increased Systemic Malondialdehyde Levels and Decreased Mo/Co, Mo/Hg2+, Co/Fe2+ Ratios in Patients with Long-Term Dental Titanium Implants and Amalgams." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 1 (2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010086.

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Introduction: the biological safety of dental biomaterials has been questioned in human studies. Material and Methods: Several heavy metals/oligoelements were compared by Inductive Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in hair samples from 130 patients (n = 54 patients with long-term titanium dental implants and amalgams (A + I group), 51 patients with long-term dental amalgam alone (A group), as well as controls (n = 25: without dental materials) of similar age. All patients (except controls) had had titanium dental implants and/or dental amalgams for at least 10 years (average: 17). We evaluate

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Anusavice, Kenneth J., Karl-Johan Söderholm, and David G. Grossman. "Implications of Amalgam and Ceramic Degradation in the Oral Environment." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 9 (1993): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400038069.

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Recent breakthroughs in materials science and technology have led to improved dental restorative ceramics, metals, and resin-based composites. These breakthroughs have been most important since one of the major controversies during this period has centered on allegations of the physiological risks of mercury released from amalgam restorations. Dental amalgams have been used in the United States since 1832, yet not a single well-documented case of dental patient toxicity to mercury from amalgam restorations has been reported in the scientific literature.A particularly extreme position has been

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Torres de Squire, Maria L. "Local Complements to the Hausdorff-Young Theorem for Amalgams." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 30, no. 3 (1987): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1987-046-3.

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AbstractLet G be a locally compact abelian group. An amalgam space (Lp ℓq)(G) (1 ≦ p,q ≦ ∞) is a Banach space of functions which belong locally to LP(G) and globally to ℓq. In this paper we present noninclusion results related to the Hausdorff-Young theorem for amalgams.

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Moxon, Ryan, Zhigang Xu, Felix Tettey, Ikenna Chris-Okoro, and Dhananjay Kumar. "Dental Metal Matrix Composites: The Effects of the Addition of Titanium Nanoparticle Particles on Dental Amalgam." Materials 17, no. 7 (2024): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071662.

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Dental amalgams have been used by dentists for the restoration of posterior human teeth. However, there have been concerns about the release of mercury from amalgams into the oral cavity. The objective of the present research is to study the effect of titanium (Ti) nanoparticles on the microstructural mechanism of the release of mercury vapor in two commonly used brands of dental amalgam (the Dispersalloy: 11.8% Cu; the Sybralloy: 33% Cu). Ti powder was added to both the Dispersalloy and the Sybralloy in increments of 10 mg up to 80 mg. The addition of Ti powder to both brands of dental amalga

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Pandey, S. S. "Compactness in Wiener amalgams on locally compact groups." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2003, no. 55 (2003): 3503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171203212205.

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We study the compactness of bounded subsets in a Wiener amalgam whose local and global components are solid Banach function (BF) spaces on a locally compact group. Our main theorem provides a generalization of the corresponding results of Feichtinger. This paper paves the way for the study of compact multiplier operators on general Wiener amalgams on the lines of Feichtinger.

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Inge, Andrew V. "Bonding Amalgams." Journal of the American Dental Association 124, no. 8 (1993): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1993.0160.

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Newman, James E. "BONDING AMALGAMS." Journal of the American Dental Association 126, no. 7 (1995): 824–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0291.

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Russ, William A. "BONDING AMALGAMS." Journal of the American Dental Association 127, no. 11 (1996): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1996.0078.

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Price, Richard H. "BONDING AMALGAMS." Journal of the American Dental Association 127, no. 7 (1996): 846–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1996.0342.

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Schissel, Marvin J. "SUSPECT AMALGAMS." Journal of the American Dental Association 130, no. 3 (1999): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0181.

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Sarkar, N. K., and J. R. Park. "Mechanism of Improved Corrosion Resistance of Zn-containing Dental Amalgams." Journal of Dental Research 67, no. 10 (1988): 1312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345880670101301.

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The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of improved corrosion resistance of Zn-containing dental amalgams. Two Zn-containing conventional amalgams, their Zn-free counterparts, and three experimental amalgams (SnHg, ZnHg, and SnZnHg) were evaluated by the potentiodynamic polarization technique in 1% NaCl solution. The main difference between the two types of amalgams was found in their respective breakdown potentials at which passivity was destroyed. The breakdown potential of Zn-containing amalgams was about 200 mV more positive than that of the Zn-free amalgams. The improved stab

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Herrera, L., A. Duran, M. Franquelo, et al. "Study by grazing incident diffraction and surface spectroscopy of amalgams from ancient mirrors." Open Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2009): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0089-1.

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AbstractCharacterization of four amalgam surfaces, with different alteration degrees from Andalusia historical mirrors, has been carried out by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), and other spectroscopic techniques (SEM/EDX, XPS, and REELS). The combination of all these techniques allows determining the corrosion state of the amalgams. The results show that the amalgams are composed in all cases of a binary alloy of tin and mercury. As mercury has high vapour pressure at RT, it slowly segregates and eventually evaporates, it leaves finely divided particles of tin that easily can be ox

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Abdul Kareem D.A, Rajaa S.N., and HALEEMAH S.M. "Study of the thermal, mechanical and costrictional properties to some Foreign dental amalgams using in Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 20, no. 3 (2023): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v20i3.1200.

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In this paper, the preparation of five samples of amalgam alloy used for the restoration of teeth has been done using the amalgamation device for mixing alloys with mercury. The alloys included four high copper amalgams which are (SDI, Septalloy NG 50, YDA alloy, TG alloy) and the percentage of copper (28, 22.7 , 25, 24) % respectively, which are ready fillings. While the fifth alloy (Septalloy NG70) is for low copper amalgam with Copper ratio of 12.7%. The X-ray diffraction has been tested to study the structural properties of these samples and found for the four high-copper alloys increment

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Roggenkamp, C. L., F. A. Berry, and H. Lu. "In Vitro Bond Strengths of Amalgam Added to Existing Amalgams." Operative Dentistry 35, no. 3 (2010): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/09-180-l.

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Clinical Relevance Freshly mixed amalgam added to existing amalgam restorations as a means of repair and allowed to set completely may be expected to join with nearly original strength, if sufficient condensation time and pressure are used.

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Beazoglou, Tryfon, Stephen Eklund, Dennis Heffley, Jonathan Meiers, L. Jackson Brown, and Howard Bailit. "Economic Impact of Regulating the Use of Amalgam Restorations." Public Health Reports 122, no. 5 (2007): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490712200513.

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Objective. This article estimates the financial impact of a ban on amalgam restorations for selected population groups: the entire population, children, and children and women of childbearing age. Methods. Using claim and enrollment data from Delta Dental of Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana and the American Dental Association Survey of Dental Services Rendered, we estimated the per capita use and annual rate of change in amalgam restorations for each age, gender, and socioeconomic subgroup. We used population projections to obtain national estimates of amalgam use, and the dental component of the C

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Bennett, Paul. "On the Structure of Inverse Semigroup Amalgams." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 07, no. 05 (1997): 577–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196797000265.

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This paper is the second of two papers devoted to the study of amalgamated free products of inverse semigroups. We use the characterization of the Schützenberger automata given previously by the author to obtain structural results and preservational properties of lower bounded amalgams. Haataja, Margolis and Meakin have shown that if [S1,S2;U is an amalgam of regular semigroups in which S1∩ S2=U is a full regular subsemigroup of S1 and S2, then the maximal subgroups of the amalgamated free product S1*U S2 may be described by the fundamental groups of certain bipartite graphs of groups. In this

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Göhring, Till N., Olivier O. Schicht, and Thomas Imfeld. "Ist Amalgam eine Gefahr für die Gesundheit?" Therapeutische Umschau 65, no. 2 (2008): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.65.2.103.

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Amalgam wird seit über 100 Jahren erfolgreich als Füllungsmaterial in kariesbedingten Zahnhartsubstanzdefekten verwendet. Eine nicht sehr sachlich geführte Diskussion hat den Werkstoff Anfang der 1990er-Jahre in Misskredit gebracht, da geringe Mengen Quecksilberdampf aus Amalgamfüllungen freigesetzt werden können. Neuere Studien und Übersichtsarbeitenenen zeigen wenig bis keine Zusammenhänge zwischen systemischen oder lokalen Erkrankungen und dem Vorhandensein von Amalgamfüllungen am Menschen. Allergien auf Bestandteile des Amalgams sind selten. Da die größte Quecksilberdampfbelastung beim Anf

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