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1
Hutsko, K. I. "AMARANTHUS AS A SOURCE OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND FLAVONOIDS FOR USE IN MEDICINE." Biotechnologia Acta 17, no. 2 (2024): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech17.02.046.
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Amaranth is used as a medicinal plant with antioxidant, hemostatic, and wound-healing properties. The aim of the research is the quantitative determination of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids in ethanolic extracts of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" and "Ultra" varieties and leaves Amaranthus retroflexus. Methods. Extracts were obtained by infusion for 7 days in 70% and 80% ethanol. Quantitative determination of secondary metabolites was conducted by spectrophotometric methods. Results. The largest amount of polyphenolic compounds was found in the ethanolic extract of Amaranthus retroflexus leaves - 0.228 mg/ml. More polyphenols were found in the ethanolic extract of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" variety than in the extract of amaranth seeds of the "Ultra" variety. In the extract of leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus, 2.1 x 10-4 mg/ml of flavonoids were found, in extracts of amaranth seeds were found from 0.7 x 10-5 mg/ml to 1.55 x 10-5 mg/ml of flavonoids. Conclusion. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus contains a greater number of investigated secondary metabolites than the extracts of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" and "Ultra" varieties. The ethanol extract of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" variety contains more polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids than the ethanol extract of amaranth seeds of the "Ultra" variety.
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Kabashnikova, L. F., I. N. Domanskaya, T. S. Pilipovich, et al. "Photosynthetic pigments content and parameters of oxidative stress in the amaranth species with increasing water deficiency." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 66, no. 3 (2021): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2021-66-3-282-294.
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The dynamics of the photosynthetic pigments content and parameters of oxidative stress with an increasing water deficit in the leaves of 40-days-old plants of two amaranth species - Amaranthus paniculatus L. (cv. Rubin) and Amaranthus caudatus L. (cv. Chyrvony aksamit), grown in a pot culture, was studied. Specific features of the development of water deficiency in amaranth leaves were revealed: amaranth plants Amaranthus paniculatus L. showed a stronger development of water deficit in leaves than Amaranthus caudatus L. after 4-days soil drought, which after 8 days increased in two species to 73.7 and 55.7 %, respectively. Under moderate drought, the amount of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids) based on dry leaf weight increased in two amaranth species, but after 8 days of soil drought, the content of Chl (a + b) was reduced by 2.0-2.1 times, and carotenoids - 1.8-1.9 times relative to the physiological level. As a result of a 4-days soil drought in the leaves of Amaranthus paniculatus L., there was a significant decrease in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO), while in Amaranthus caudatus L. an increase in the levels of ROS and LPO was observed. With an increase in the pressure of the stress factor in the leaves of amaranth of the two studied species, a decrease in the ROS content and LPO activity relative to physiological values was revealed. A conclusion was made about the different mechanisms of ROS generation and the flow of LPO processes at different stages of soil drought in the leaves of different amaranth species.
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STEVANOVIĆ, Aleksandar, Vera M. POPOVIĆ, Aleksandar FILIPOVIĆ, et al. "Phytopharmacological profile, nutritional value and amaranthine content of Amaranthus and their significance in medicine." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 52, no. 4 (2024): 14070. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha52414070.
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The aim of this study was to determine the phytopharmacological properties and nutritional values in the protein and amino acid content of leaves and flowers in different species of the genus Amaranthus L., namely A. molleros, A. caudatus, A. mantegazzianus, and A. cruentus. The content of amarantin, total content of low molecular weight soluble antioxidants (CCA), phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid content in the mentioned species of amaranth were also determined. The studied six genotypes of amaranth belong to the collection of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. Amaranth is known to be an excellent food crop due to the high nutritional value of its seeds and leaves and it is excellent phyto-medicinal crop, as its inflorescences and leaves can be used as sources of antioxidants, and its seeds for producing gluten free health-safe products. In leaves, the lysine content ranged from 3.9% (A. caudatus) to 7.0% (A. cruentus; A. molleros), and in flowers from 4.2% (A. caudatus) to 7.4% (A. cruentus -G8) while the amaranth content varied (1.2-2.2%), antioxidants (CCA 1.6-3.5%), and ascorbic acid content (150-200%). Amaranth has the ability to improve the functionality of the immune system, enabling an outstanding balance of amino acid composition, as well as the ratio of lysine to arginine. Antioxidants, amaranth and ascorbic acid content significantly contributes to the ability to improve the functionality of the human immune system. Duodenal peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori can be treated with amaranth oil.
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Jacques, Ouedraogo, Kiébré Mariam, and Sawadogo Pingawindé, et. al. "Endogenous Knowledges and Diversity of Amaranths (Amaranthus ssp) Grown in Burkina Faso." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 10.1 (November 30, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.10.1.10.
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he present study is an ethnobotanical survey on Amaranthus spp coupled with accessions collection carried out in ten (10) provinces of Burkina Faso. It aims at contributing to a better knowledge of the extent of the culture and the agricultural management modes of the cultivated species of Amaranthus spp. Ninety-nine (99) accessions were collected. The ethnobotanical survey showed that the cultivation of amaranth is clearly increasing (67.57%). Agro-morphological and organoleptic characteristics are used by farmers for cultivars identification. Thus, three main morphotypes (dark-green, light-green and red) with several variants were identified. Among these morphotypes, the morphotype dark green was cited by respondents in the ten provinces surveyed. In this study, a greater number of morphotypes were recorded in three provinces (Houet, Oubbritenga and Yatenga). Three (3) areas of use and fifteen (15) specific uses of the different organs of amaranth were reported by the 270 respondents. For 99.6% of the respondents, it is mainly used for human consumption (vegetable sauce, baag-benda, gnougou and couscous). Amaranth’s leaves are sold at on-farm level or in markets and yaar. The price of these leaves packaged in bags of 50 kg bags, varies from 1,500 to 2,500 FCFA. How to Cite: Ouedraogo Jacques, Kiébré Mariam, Sawadogo Pingawindé, Kiébré Zakaria, Bationo/ Kando Pauline, 2023. "Endogenous Knowledges and Diversity of Amaranths (Amaranthus ssp) Grown in Burkina Faso." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, vol. 10, pp. 1-10.
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Araujo-León, Jesús Alfredo, Victor Aguilar-Hernández, Ivonne Sánchez-del Pino, et al. "Analysis of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Betalains by LC-MS." Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 67, no. 3 (2023): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1967.
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Abstract. Betalains are natural pigments responsible for the colour of flowers, bracts, stems, and leaves of genus Amaranthus, and they are bioactive compounds. Due to their great chemical diversity, the determination and confident identification of betalains are still challenges and of great interest as they are natural colourants for health benefit. By high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS), the catalog of betalains in red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) was defined. In total, 30 betacyanins and 13 betaxanthins were found. Mass measurements for the parent ion and for its fragments with errors of less than 5 parts per million (ppm) achieved the recommended criteria for identification of compounds. This work defines the main betalains in red amaranth (A. cruentus) and valorizes the leaves and inflorescence of red amaranth as betalain pigments sources. Resumen. Las betalaínas son pigmentos naturales responsables del color en las flores, brácteas, tallos y hojas del género Amaranthus y también son compuestos bioactivos. Debido a su amplia diversidad química, la identificación y determinación confiable de betalaínas siguen siendo desafíos y son de gran interés puesto que son colorantes naturales beneficiosos para la salud. Por medio de cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem se definió el catálogo de betalaínas en “amaranto rojo” (Amaranthus cruentus L.). En total se encontraron 30 betacianinas y 13 betaxantinas. Las mediciones de las masas del ion molecular y sus fragmentos con errores menores a 5 partes por millón (ppm) garantizaron los criterios recomendados para la identificación de compuestos. Este trabajo define las principales betalaínas del amaranto rojo (A. cruentus) y valora las hojas e inflorescencias del amaranto rojo como fuente de pigmentos betalaínicos.
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Bhattarai, Geeta. "Amaranth: A Golden Crop for Future." Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology 2 (December 1, 2018): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v2i0.25854.
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Amaranth (Amaranthus), a member of amaranthaceous group of plants, is classified as a pseudo cereal and grown either as a grain crop or as a leafy vegetable. It is one of the few multi-purpose crops which can supply grains and tasty leafy vegetables. The grain has ability to grow in the dry and semi-dry lands due to its drought tolerant characteristics. It is rich in protein, lysine, carotenoids, dietary fiber, iron, vitamin C, vitamin A, riboflavin, thiamin, folic acid, calcium etc. Amaranth contain substantial amount of bioactive components such as tocopherol (α, β and γ), DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), anthocyanins, lutein and other phenolic compounds. The fat in amaranth seed is low but composed of essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic). Grain amaranth can be used as a flour ingredient for pancakes, bread, muffins, dumplings, crackers, cookies, puddings, porridge, cakes and as a roasted puffed snack. Vegetable types amaranth (also leaves of grain amaranth) are used to make curry, vegetable salads, steamed salad, boiled soups, stir fried, or baked to taste. The seeds and leaves of amaranth are used as herbal remedies and have nutraceutical value. Because of no gluten content, grain amaranth is valuable carbohydrate source for person having glutin intolerance problem. Seed or leaf of amaranths contains some antinutritional factors, such as saponins, tannins, phytic acid, oxalates, protease inhibitors, nitrates and phytohemagglutinins. Thermal processing in moist environment, prior to food use inactivates the antinutritional factors. The present paper briefly describes crop introduction, botany, chemical and nutritive composition, functional and bioactive components, antinutritional factors and food uses including new findings on functional properties of grain amaranth.
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Magomedmirzoeva, Ramida Gusenovna, Murat Sabirovich Gins, and Mirali Nuralievich Dadashev. "Physical and chemical analysis and biochemical composition of amaranth introduced in Dagestan." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 14, no. 3 (2019): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2019-14-3-185-195.
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Amaranth leaves are of high nutritional value, containing various metabolites, monoand disaccharides, photosynthetic pigments, unsaturated acids, phenolcarboxylic acids with high antioxidant activity. Vegetable amaranth is grown in different soil and climatic conditions all over the world. The article describes the results of physicochemical analysis of composition of amaranth plant introduced in southern Dagestan. The results of determining biochemical composition of vitamins, organic acids, antioxidants, betacyanin - amaranthin, chlorophyll, carotenoids and chlorogenic acid in the leaves of the introduced amaranth are presented. It has been shown that amaranth culture can be an important source of vitamins and valuable biologically active substances for both humans and animals. Based on the results obtained on amaranth introduction, it can be noted that cultivation of amaranth has great prospects in Southern Dagestan, as a mass crop.
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Nurza, Imam Safir Alwan, and Chika Shafa Maura. "Analysis of Calcium Oxalate Content and Stomata Amaranth Leaves (Amaranthus tricolor var. Giti Red) as Response to Drought Stress." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 4 (2024): 1513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.6354.
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Amaranth is a plant that has calcium oxalate content in leaves. One of the roles calcium oxalate in plants is to increase drought tolerance. In addition, amaranth leaves also have anomocytic stomata. Stomata plant leaves are known to be formed genetically and not affected morphoanatomically under drought stress conditions, except density and conductance. Therefore, the research aimed to find out how the response of calcium oxalate levels and stomata of amaranth leaves (Amaranthus tricolor var. Red Giti) under drought stress. The research method used was a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatments, which are watering every day (WD) and watering at 50% wilting (SD) by observing stomatal density (stomata/mm2) and calcium oxalate content (%). Data were analyzed statistically with independent T-test and chi-square. The results showed that stomatal density and calcium oxalate content were affected by drought stress with a significantly decreased response. This indicates that the amaranth plant may become a plant that is resistant to drought stress by decreasing stomatal density and calcium oxalate levels.
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Sylvestre, Havugimana, Sergeevna Kiseleva Irina, Nsengumuremyi Daniel, and Petrovna Artemyeva Elena. "Antioxidant Potential in Leaf and Stem Extracts of Different Amaranth Cultivars." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 8 (2022): 780–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7045287.
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Amaranth phenolic and anthocyanins have a powerful biological activity, which attracts scientists for their investigation. In this present study, the total phenolic content in leaves and stems of different amaranth cultivars was determined by Folin- Ciocalteu method using Gallic acid as standard, And the quantification of the total anthocyanin was performed by microplate spectrophotometric method. The results showed a higher quantity of antioxidant polyphenols in leaves than in stems. The total phenolic content ranged from 65.7677 ± 6.63to 542.323 ± 5.57 µg / ml of extract and total anthocyanin content from 0.054632 to 1.15832%. Among the total cultivars of amaranth studied, the highest concentration of anthocyanins was found in A. cru PT in both leaves and stems and the highest total phenolic content in leaves of A. hypo P and stems of A. hyb O; while the highest amino acid content observed in leaves of A. cru HRD and stems of A. hyb O. It was clearly observed that cultivars of amaranthus caudatus had shown lower antioxidant potential than others and the results revealed that all amaranth cultivars analyzed in this study were the source of phenols in different proportion within the cultivar.
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Hutsko, K. I., та R. O. Petrina. "Аmaranth as a source of secondary metabolites with potential wound-healing activity". Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 7, № 2 (2024): 92–99. https://doi.org/10.23939/ctas2024.02.092.
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Amaranth is a multi-purpose crop, known for its wound-healing properties. Amaranth leaves and seeds contain polyphenols and flavonoids that improve wound healing. Ethanol extracts of amaranth seeds of “Lera” and “Ultra” varieties and ethanol extract of leafs Amaranthus retroflexus were obtained. Determination of the content of polyphenolic compounds in the extracts was conducted by the spectrophotometric method with the Folin-Checolteau reagent. The number of flavonoids in the extracts was determined by the spectrophotometric method using aluminum chloride.. The most polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids were found in the extract of leafs Amaranthus retroflexus. More polyphenols and flavonoids were found in the amaranth seed extract of the “Lera” variety than in the extract of the “Ultra” variety.
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Nampeera, Esther L., Sue Blodgett, Matthew E. O’Neal, et al. "Resistance of Amaranthus Spp. to the Green Peach Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 3 (2020): 1299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa013.
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Abstract The green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] is an important pest of amaranth grown for leaf consumption (i.e., leafy amaranth) in the tropics. Aphids reduce the amount of fresh leaf yield of amaranth and the value of leafy amaranth as aphid-infested leaves are not marketable. Our objective was to evaluate Amaranthus species selected by a breeding program in East Africa to develop cultivars for leaf consumption with resistance to M. persicae. We focused on antibiosis to determine whether varieties of Amaranthus spp. could be grown without producing an aphid population. Artificial infestations of aphids were placed on multiple selections of three species of Amaranthus: two selections of A. blitum, four selections of A. hybridus and one selection of A. hypochondriacus. Aphid populations were assessed over a 5-wk period. Evaluations of vegetative yield, leaf damage symptoms, and specific leaf area (SLA) were made of the seven selections at the end of this experiment. Aphid populations assessed 49 d after planting differed significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among the amaranth species and within selections of the same species. The selections of A. blitum had the lowest aphid populations, and A. hybridus had the highest populations. Selections of A. hybridus produced the most marketable leaves (i.e., aphid free). The fresh weight of A. blitum were the lowest of the seven selections, whereas A. hybridus had the greatest fresh leaf weight. Implications of these finding for further promotion of amaranth breeding are discussed related to pest management for leaf production.
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Levleva, E. V., Yu A. Rudenskaya, A. V. Zimacheva, and V. V. Mosolov. "A trypsin inhibitor from amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) leaves." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 36, no. 5 (2000): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02731890.
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Khanam, Umma Khair Salma, and Shinya Oba. "Bioactive substances in leaves of two amaranth species, Amaranthus tricolor and A. hypochondriacus." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 1 (2013): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-117.
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Khanam, U. K. S. and Oba, S. 2013. Bioactive substances in leaves of two amaranth species, Amaranthus tricolor and A. hypochondriacus. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 47–58. Bioactive substances and phenolic contents of Amaranthus tricolor and A. hypochondriacus leaves were evaluated using four cultivars of each species. Leaf colour attributes (L*, a* and b*) and betacyanins varied widely among the cultivars. The a* value, betacyanins and betaxanthins, appeared to be rich in A. tricolor, whereas betxanthins were twofold higher in A. hypochondriacus. Isoqercetin and rutin were the most abundant flavonoids in all amaranth cultivars. Hyperoside was found only in the A. hypochondriacus cultivar New Aztec. Salicylic acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, vanilic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid were the most common phenolic acids in all amaranth cultivars. Significant amounts of ellagic acid and sinapic acid were detected in A. hypochondriacus cultivars. Total phenol content (TPC) was found to be strikingly greater than total phenol index (TPI) in A. tricolor than in A. hypochondriacus. All the amaranth cultivars showed a high correlation between total antioxidant activity and total phenol content.
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Larsen, Torben, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, Sunil K. Biswas, and Inge Tetens. "The leafy vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus) is a potent inhibitor of calcium availability and retention in rice-based diets." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 3 (2003): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003923.
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Improvement in the nutritional quality of Bangladeshi rice-based diets is sought through increasing the amounts of vegetables, fish and legumes consumed. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of rice-based diets on selected parameters of Ca and P availability and retention in young, growing rats. The study was designed as a randomised balance trial with five diets, eight animals per diet, and two balance periods of 1 week each. Apart from diet 1, which was a pure rice diet, the other four diets were composite diets and included the leafy vegetable, amaranth leaves (Amaranthus gangeticus), the small fish, mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), and lentils (Lens culinaris) in different amounts to simulate the average rural rice-based diet, the recommended diet, the recommended diet diluted with starch, and the recommended diet excluding amaranth leaves. The inclusion of amaranth leaves, mola and lentils significantly improved N and growth retention in the rats compared with the pure rice diet. However, a minor addition of amaranth (0·66 g/100 g DM) significantly reduced the fractional Ca absorption and retention. Femur bone mass and Ca and P densities were significantly lower in the rats fed the diets that included amaranth leaves. The observed inhibitory effect of the amaranth leaves on Ca absorption and utilisation was probably due to the oxalate content. It is concluded that the formulation of a recommended diet cannot be based only on nutrient content values of individual food components due to interactions between nutrients and anti-nutrients in the diet.
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Yura, Saufa, Muhammad Ikhsan Sulaiman, and Melly Novita. "Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fenol Beberapa Jenis Bayam dan Sayuran Lain." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 1, no. 1 (2016): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.900.
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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh jenis pelarut terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan fenol beberapa jenis bayam dan sayuran lain (bayam biji, bayam merah, bayam liar, bayam sayur, bayam ornamental, daun sawi, daun kangkung, daun kelor, daun ubi, dan daun melinjo). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor jenis pelarut dan jenis sayuran berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) dan total fenol. Interaksi antara jenis pelarut dan jenis sayuran berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap aktivitas antioksidan (IC50), tetapi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap total fenol. Daun ubi yang diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut metanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) yang tertinggi (16,06 µg/ml) dibandingkan sayuran lainnya (bayam biji, bayam merah, bayam liar, bayam sayur, bayam ornamental, daun sawi, daun kangkung, daun kelor, dan daun melinjo). Daun melinjo memiliki nilai total fenol tertinggi yaitu 1,56 (GAE) mg/g sayur. Hasil ekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut air menghasilkan nilai total fenol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pelarut metanol. Abstract. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of various solvent extraction on antioxidant activity and total phenols variety of amaranth and other vegetables (seed amaranth leaves, red amaranth leaves, wild amaranth leaves, green amaranth leaves, ornamental amaranth leaves, mustard leaves, kale leaves, moringa leaves, cassava leaves and melinjo leaves). The results showed that the solvent extraction and various vegetables had very significant effect on antioxidant activity (IC50) and total phenols. The interaction between the type of solvents and type of vegetables had a significant effect on antioxidant activity (IC50), although there was no significant effect on the total phenols. Cassava leaves extracted by using methanol had the higher antioxidant activity (IC50) (16.06 µg/ml) than those of other vegetables (seed amaranth leaves, red amaranth leaves, wild amaranth leaves, green amaranth leaves, ornamental amaranth leaves, mustard leaves, kale leaves, moringa leaves and melinjo leaves). Melinjo leaves had the highest value of total phenol which was 1.56 (GAE) mg/g fresh vegetables. Extracted by water had higher total phenols compared to the methanol solvent.
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Vidal Torres, Edil, Elide Valencia, Senay Simsek, and Angela M. Linares Ramírez. "Amaranth: Multipurpose Agroindustrial Crop." Agronomy 14, no. 10 (2024): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102323.
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Amaranthus cruentus L. (varieties: Juana, Aurelia, Elena) and Amaranthus viridis L. (variety: Callaloo) have long been utilized in food products for human consumption in Central and South America. However, there is limited information on the chemical composition of these species’ leaves and grains grown in Puerto Rico. This study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the nutritional profile of these four amaranth varieties cultivated in Puerto Rico. A compositional analysis was conducted using official methods, focusing on lysine, protein, dietary fiber, and mineral content. The results showed high lysine content in both species. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in crude protein levels among the leaves, with Elena (23%) and Aurelia (21%) showing the highest values. While protein content among grains averaged 19%, there were no significant differences between varieties. The analysis of dietary fiber revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) for the leaves and in IDF, soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and TDF for the grains. Additionally, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus concentrations differed significantly (p < 0.05) in the leaves, while iron, potassium, and zinc showed no significant variation. Significant differences were found in the grains for calcium, magnesium, iron, and phosphorus. This research highlights the excellent nutritional value of amaranth leaves and grains grown in Puerto Rico, with Elena and Aurelia having exceptionally high protein content in their leaves.
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Sokolova, D. V., and I. G. Chukhina. "New cultivar of amaranth ‘Frant’ created at VIR." Vavilovia 7, no. 3 (2025): 10–17. https://doi.org/10.30901/2658-3860-2024-3-o4.
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Cultivated amaranth has nutritional value due to the balanced content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, trace elements and minerals in seeds and leaves, and also is characterized by intensive growth, high productivity of seeds and biomass. In Russia, amaranths have not attracted much interest as cultivated plants for a long time. Academician N.I. Vavilov pointed out the need to use them in agriculture as a new forage crop back in 1932.VIR conducted breeding work to create a new midseason cultivar ‘Frant’. The source material for breeding was collected by the author of the cultivar D.V. Sokolova during an expedition to India in 2018. The cultivar is recommended as a source of raw material for obtaining a natural food colorant, for using shoots as food and making tea from leaves, and also as an ornamental plant. In accordance with the requirements of the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants, the nomenclatural standard of Amaranthus cruenthus L. ‘Frant’ was prepared and registered in 2024.
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Sergiev, Iskren Georgiev, Desislava Aleksandrova Todorova, Valentina Karlovna Gins, Svetlana Mikhailovna Motyleva, Ekaterina Muratovna Gins, and Evgeny Aleksandrovich Moskalev. "Nutritional value of vegetable Amaranthus tricolor L. seedlings grown in Moscow region." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 14, no. 3 (2019): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2019-14-3-225-238.
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The use of amperometric express method made it possible to measure quickly and evaluate content of waterand alcohol-soluble antioxidants in extracts from Amaranthus tricolor L. plants. Accumulation of low molecular weight antioxidants: ascorbic acid, beta-cyanine (amaranthine) and the total content of antioxidants in various organs of Valentina amaranth seedlings were studied. The maximum amount of low molecular weight antioxidants accumulates in leaves, compared with roots and stems of seedlings grown in open and protected ground. In open ground conditions, amaranth leaves and stems have 1.5-fold and 2-fold increased level of ascorbic acid than seedlings grown in protected ground. But the total content of water-soluble antioxidants in leaves and roots of seedlings is lower compared to seedlings of protected ground. Minimum amount of antioxidants was found in alcohol extracts of stems and roots in open ground, while the total content of antioxidants in stems and roots was 1.6 fold higher in seedlings grown in protected soil. The content of amaranthine is comparable in the studied organs of amaranth seedlings of both cultivation variants. The data obtained allow to recommend use of leaves and stems of amaranth seedlings grown in open and protected ground (early spring and autumn), as a preventive antioxidant dietary product.
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Ikyo, BA, DE Enenche, S. Omotosho, M. Ofeozo, and TT Rotimi. "Spectroscopic Analysis of the Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Chlorophylls Pigment in Amaranth and Jute Mallow Vegetables." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (2020): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.168.
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The effect of six different fertilizers on concentration of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of amaranth (Amaranthus spp) and jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) was studied in controlled conditions. Two types of pigments were examined: chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B. The highest concentration of photosynthetic pigments of 18.99 μg/L chlorophyll A; 10.6 μg/L chlorophyll B was found in the leaves of vegetables treated with pig manure and the lowest values of 16.01 μg/L chlorophyll A; 8.33 μg/L chlorophyll B in the vegetables treated with mineral fertilizer NPK 15:15:15 for amaranth, while for jute mallow the highest pigment concentration of 21.74 μg/L chlorophyll A; 12.09 μg/L chlorophyll B was found in leaves of vegetables treated with Urea and the lowest pigments of 19.02 μg/L chlorophyll A; 10.0 μg/L chlorophyll B in the seedlings treated with pig manure. Results show that the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of amaranth and jute mallow seedlings vary depending on the fertilizer that was applied, as such conducting appropriate fertilizer screening before application is critical in ensuring high yielding vegetables.
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Smith, Jason D., Fekadu F. Dinssa, Robert S. Anderson, Fu-cheng Su, and Ramasamy Srinivasan. "Identification of major insect pests of Amaranthus spp. and germplasm screening for insect resistance in Tanzania." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 38, no. 04 (2018): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758418000115.
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AbstractVegetable and grain amaranths represent a vital source of micronutrients and protein in Asia and Africa. However, various foliar lepidopteran pests and stem-mining weevils hinder amaranth production. Insect-resistant cultivars can enhance the productivity of this crop. Here, we report on the performances of amaranth varieties screened for their resistance to insect pests under the field conditions at The World Vegetable Center stations in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted two preliminary screening trials with a total of 263 entries from around the world in Taiwan and a third preliminary screening trial with 49 African-indigenous entries in Tanzania. Promising entries from these preliminary trials were collectively evaluated in an advanced screening trial in Tanzania, to identify lines resistant to foliar and stem-boring pests in East Africa. Four entries exhibited moderate resistance to foliar pests: TZ51 and TZ53 (Amaranthus cruentus), TZ34 (A. dubius) and TZ39 (Amaranthus sp.). Five entries showed moderate resistance to stem weevils: TZ06 and TZ27 (A. cruentus), TZ52 (A. graecizans), TZ59 (A. palmeri) and TZ07 (Amaranthus sp.). Lepidopteran pests affecting leaves were reared to adulthood and identified as Spoladea recurvalis (Crambidae), Spodoptera exigua (Noctuidae) and Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae). Stem weevil larvae were also reared and identified as: Neocleonus sannio Herbst, Gasteroclisus pr. rhomboidalis Boheman, Hypolixus pr. haerens Boheman and Baradine sp. (Curculionidae). These results highlight key amaranth pests in East Africa and identify insect-resistant entries that will be useful in breeding programmes and resistance studies.
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TETYANNIKOV, N. V., S. M. MOTYLEVA, M. S. GINS, et al. "DROUGHT EFFECTS ON MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE LEAVES AND SEEDS OF AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR AND AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 2 (2022): 426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.2.18.
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In global climate change, drought stress is one of the environmental restraining factors that can significantly influence the growth and development of crop plants. Drought stress conditions can also cause undesirable changes in plant physiological and metabolic processes. The influence of soil drought on the mineral composition of leaves and seeds of two species of amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) with С4-type of photosynthesis was studied through energy dispersive spectrometry (ESD). The recent investigations were carried out during the years 2020–2022 at the Department of Genofonde and Bioresources of Plants, Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Moscow, Russia. The research results showed the leaves of both amaranth with major elements, i.e., K (11.23–15.33), Ca (5.15–7.61), P (3.91–3.92), Mg (2.81–3.36), and Cl (1.86–2.29), whereas, relatively lower values were recorded for Fe (0.05–0.48), and Na (0.07–0.11) mass% respectively. Regarding amaranth plants seed composition, the major elements were K (13.86–13.97), P (7.02–9.76), Mg (3.78–5.64), Ca (3.31–4.78), Cl (2.81–5.30), and Mo (2.80–2.86) mass% respectively. In the species, A. tricolor, a strong correlation was observed between the elements, i.e., S-Cu, Mg-Si, Na-Cu, Na-S, Na-Ca, Na-Si, and Si-S in leaves, while in seeds, these were between Ca-Cu, Mg-Cl, Si-Mn, Ca-Mo, and Cl-Mn. In the other species of amaranth, A. cruentus, the elements viz., Mg-S, Mg-Mo, S-Mo, Mg-Cl, S-Cl, Cl-Mo, Cl-P, P-S, Si-Cl, Ca-Mo, S-Ca, Mg-Ca, Mg-P, P-Mo, and Mg-Si in leaves, while Ni-Cu, Mg-P, Si-P, and Si-Cl in seeds also showed strong relationship. Effects of drought led to a weakening of these ties and the formation of new ones. The accumulation of mineral elements in the leaves of amaranth plants varies from species to species under drought conditions, and A. tricolor cv. Valentina was found most resistant to drought conditions.
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STEVANOVIĆ, Aleksandar, Jelena BOŠKOVIĆ, Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ, et al. "Variability and heritability of technological characteristics of Amaranthus leaves and seeds." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51, no. 2 (2023): 13128. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213128.
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This study aimed to determine the variability properties of four major types of Amaranthus species in protein and amino acids content in leaves and flowers. Obtained results by ion exchange chromatography in our study have shown high values for the content of essential amino acids lysine and methionine. In the leaf, the lysine content ranged from 3.9 (A. caudatus) to 7.0 (A. cruentus; A. moleros), and in the flowers from 4.2 (A. caudatus) to 6.7 (A. molleros). The methionine content ranged from 3.1 (A. caudatus) to 7.4 (A. mantegazzianus) in the leaf and in the flower from 2.9 (A. caudatus) to 6.7 (A. mantegazzianus). Besides lysine and methionine, significant values of other essential amino acids were recorded, respectively. Significant concentrations of total proteins were recorded in all examined genotypes. The heritability of the studied characters as protein and mineral content of seeds and leaves, and oil contents of seed were significantly high. The maximum values of the protein content of seeds were 16.55% (A. cruentus), in leaves 20.10% (A. caudatus), and the minerals in seeds 2.73% (A. moleros), and leaves 18.76% (A. mantegazzianus). The oil content of seeds was 6.16% (A. moleros). The oil content of the seed’s proportion of genetic variance to total phenotypic variance was 72%, and it has a significant impact on ecological factors. Tested divergent Amaranthus genotypes may serve as parents for further crossing. Amaranth seeds is gluten-free and is important in the diet of celiac patients and contains amino acids, especially lysine, which acts against the herpes virus. Amaranth from amaranth leaves biologically active substance that prevents heart muscle damage during ischemic processes. Amaranth seed oil has hypolipemic, anti-atherosclerotic, hypotensive and antioxidant activity.
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Omar, Ayman F., Abdullah S. Alsohim, Khaled A. Al-jamhan, and Edel Pérez-López. "The Host Range of Subgroup 16SrII-X Phytoplasma Extends to Globe Amaranth and Other Wild Plants in Saudi Arabia." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 3 (2020): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-03-20-0023-br.
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In recent years, the number of plant hosts affected by peanut witches’-broom group (16SrII) phytoplasma in Saudi Arabia has increased at a concerning speed. Since 2015 symptoms resembling phytoplasma-related diseases have been reported in Al-Qassim region affecting the wild plants globe amaranth, amaranthus, black nightshade, and buckthorn. Except for globe amaranth, which showed flower deformations, the other plants showed witches’ broom and little leaves. All the symptomatic samples collected in this study were positive for phytoplasma using universal primers targeting the 16S rRNA-encoding gene. Sequence analysis identified the phytoplasma as a member of the 16SrII-X subgroup, originally described in Saudi Arabia by our group. This is the first report of globe amaranth, amaranthus, black nightshade, and buckthorn as phytoplasma hosts in Saudi Arabia, and the first report worldwide of globe amaranth as a phytoplasma host and buckthorn being affected by 16SrII phytoplasma group.
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Hossain, Md Mosharraf, Md Wadud Ahmed, Mozeda Khatun, Poly Karmoker, and Abdullah Iqbal. "Effect of Pre-Treatment on Drying of Red Amaranth and its Utilization in Noodles Preparation." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 4, no. 5 (2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.5.545.
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Red amaranth is a perishable, colored leafy vegetable that can be preserved through a variety of methods, including dehydration. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-treatments (blanching, sulphitation, and blanching plus sulphitation) and drying methods (cabinet and solar) on drying rate and color intensity of red amaranth (leaves and stems) and the development of red amaranth enriched noodles. Drying rate and color intensity were varied in different degrees based on applied pre-treatment and drying method. For drying of red amaranth leaves, blanching plus sulphitation followed by cabinet drying showed highest drying rate (0.67 h-1), whereas blanching followed by cabinet drying showed fastest drying rate (0.69 h-1) for red amaranth stems. Color absorbance study revealed that sulphitation pre-treatment and cabinet drying leads highest color absorbance (0.261) in red amaranth leaves, while blanching and cabinet drying provides highest color intensity (0.121) in stems. The use of red amaranth leaves powder in noodles preparation at 5% and 10% wheat flour substitutions gave significantly different (p<0.05) sensory parameters. Substitution of 5% wheat flour by sulphited and cabinet dried red amaranth leaves powder gave the highest overall acceptability of developed noodles.
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Khandaker, Laila, Md Babar Ali, and Shinya Oba. "Influence of Cultivar and Growth Stage on Pigments and Processing Factors on Betacyanins in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.)." Food Science and Technology International 15, no. 3 (2009): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013209341119.
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Seven cultivars of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) with different leaf color were evaluated for their betacyanin and chlorophyll content at two stages of development. The effects of food processing factors such as thermal treatment, light, H2O 2, and prolonged storage on betacyanin extracts were also examined. Betacyanin concentrations were highly correlated with the leaf color index and the cultivars (Rocto joba, BARI-1, and Altopati) with better color index tended to be associated with high betacyanin. Within a shoot canopy, the apical leaves accumulated higher betacyanin than those of middle and basal leaves. While the highest concentrations of chlorophyll were found in BARI-1, however Red queen had the lowest concentrations. Color index of leaves and betacyanin concentrations were increased and chlorophyll concentrations were decreased with the plant age, which indicate that change of these colorant pigment concentrations with plant age enhance the red leaf formation in red amaranth. Low temperature, darkness, and free or low oxidants maintained the stability of betacyanin concentrations of red amaranth; prolonged storage degraded the betacyanin. Variable factors such as the cultivar of red amaranth, its degree of maturity, and the food processing factors have been shown to have a quantitatively important influence on betacyanin yields and preservation.
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Roitner-Schobesberger, B., and Kaul H-P. "Source capacity during flowering affects grain yield of amaranth (Amaranthus sp.)." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 10 (2013): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/528/2013-pse.
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Amaranth is a promising C4-crop. However, for a wider spread of the crop a better understanding of factors that are influencing yield formation is crucial for optimizing the plant phenotype and enhancing yield. The present study wanted to clarify the effects of assimilate sources and sinks on yield formation by artificially altering source or sink size. Field experiments were conducted in Eastern Austria during three years with three genotypes, applying source-sink manipulation treatments at mid flowering (control, 50% of inflorescence removed, 50% or 100% of leaves removed). At maturity we measured shoot, inflorescence and grain dry matter, thousand kernel mass and number of seeds per plant. An average grain yield level of about 3.5 t/ha dry matter on control plots indicated favorable growth conditions for amaranth in general. The removal of all leaves had a strong detrimental effect on all parameters, but severity of yield reduction due to defoliation differed between genotypes, ranging from &ndash;49% to &ndash;73%. Contrastingly, 50% flower reduction did not have any significant effects. Also with 50% defoliation no significant yield reduction was observed. We conclude that source strength of amaranth during flowering is more yield limiting than its sink capacity.
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Holman, Aidan P., Nicolas K. Goff, Isaac D. Juárez, et al. "Elucidation of sex from mature Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) leaves using a portable Raman spectrometer." RSC Advances 14, no. 3 (2024): 1833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06368b.
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Naser, HM, MZ Rahman, S. Sultana, MA Quddus, and MA Hossain. "Heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables grown in industrial areas under varying levels of pollution." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 1 (2018): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v43i1.36157.
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The concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) in three popular leafy vegetables such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea), red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and amaranth (Amaranthus oleraseus) and that in the respective soils were assessed. These crops and soils were collected from two industrial areas (Kalakoir and Zorun, Konabari, Gazipur), and one non-industrial area (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute-BARI) under Gazipur district. The concentration of heavy metal in different parts of plant followed the roots>leaves>stem and in soils the order was Kalakoir (pollution)> Zorun (medium pollution) > BARI (low/non-pollution). In all three leafy vegetables similar trend of metal contents was observed i.e. Ni>Cr>Pb>Co>Cd. In the highly pollution area (Kalakoir) the Pb and Ni concentration was found in the order of amaranth>spinach>red amaranth. The Cd concentration was in the order of spinach>amaranth>red amaranth whereas for Cd it was amaranth>red amaranth>spinach and for Cr it was red amaranth>amaranth>spinach. The Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Cr concentrations in the studied vegetables grown in the low polluted area were below the maximum acceptable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, except, Cd in spinach and amaranth. However, the higher concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Cr in vegetables grown in the industrial areas indicates that industrial discharge causes heavy metals contamination of soil and eventually their accumulation in plants.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 39-51, March 2018
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Gins, M. S., V. K. Gins, S. M. Motyleva, A. A. Baikov, E. M. Gins, and A. K. Koroleva. "COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AMINO ACIDS IN LEAVES OF AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR L. CV. EARLY SPLENDOR." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-3-96-98.
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Material for research was fresh leaves of Amaranthus tricolor L. varieties Early Splendor. They were grown in a greenhouse (Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Moscow region). Using GC-MS, 8 and 11 amino acids were identified in extracts of hetero- and autotrophic leaves. One of the mechanisms that provide resistance to stresses of various natures is the accumulation of free amino acids; therefore, the total content of antioxidants can serve as an indicator of plant resistance. The amino acids found in amaranth leaves have pronounced functional activity in the human body. For example, tyrosine is the most important neurotransmitter, stimulates the brain, is involved in the control of stress. In humans, the precursor of tyrosine is the essential amino acid phenylalanine, while tyrosine is formed by hydroxylation of the phenyl group of phenylalanine. In this case, the lack of the latter in food leads to a deficiency of tyrosine in the body. Tryptophan controls the body's protective and adaptive functions. Amino acids valine, leucine, glutamine, proline - stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal flora and biomass accumulation. Thus, the amino acid composition determines the nutritional and pharmacological value of amaranth leaf biomass. This indicates that amaranth leaves are a promising raw material for creating functional products and herbal remedies.
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Mujaffar, Saheeda, and Alex Lee Loy. "Drying Kinetics of Microwave-Dried Vegetable Amaranth (Amaranthus dubius) Leaves." Journal of Food Research 5, no. 6 (2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v5n6p33.
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The effect of microwave power level (200, 500, 700 and 1000W) on the drying behaviour of amaranth (Amaranthus dubius) leaves was investigated. Higher microwave power levels effected faster drying and there was an increase in drying rate constant (k) as microwave power level increased from 200 to 1000W and an increase in diffusivity (Deff) values from 3.04 x 10-10 to 2.82 x 10-9 m2/s. Leaves dried at 1000W power level however showed noticeable scorching after 540s of drying. Drying at the lower microwave power levels occurred in the constant and falling rate period, while at the higher power levels drying occurred in the falling rate period after an initial warm-up phase. Amaranth leaves could be dried at 700W power from an initial moisture content of 6.00 g H2O/g DM (85.7% wb) to 0.08 g H2O/g DM (7.6% wb) in 11.5 min. Overall, of the twenty-two thin layer models applied to the MR data, the Alibas model gave the best fit in terms of both the root mean square error (RMSE) and the chi-square statistic (c2).
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MOHAMMAD SABRI, SITI NABILAH, SUHAIZAN LOB, and NURUL FAZIHA IBRAHIM. "EFFECT OF PHOTO-SELECTIVE NETTING ON GROWTH DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN AMARANTH (Amaranthus viridis L.)." Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research 2, no. 3 (2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v2i3.166.
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Green amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables cultivated in Malaysia. Photo-selective netting is a revolutionary agricultural-technical idea, allowing traditional nets to be improved to a sophisticated level, which can impact microclimate and solar radiation as well as protect crops from pests. This study aims to investigate the growth performance of green amaranth under different three different treatments of photo-selective nets including black, and yellow shade nets and control. The assessed physiological, pre-harvest and post-harvest parameters were air temperature and relative humidity, measurement of absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), plant height, number of leaves, and dry weight. This study found that the yellow shade net showed the best performance in plant growth with the average difference in plant height (4.11 cm), average leaves number (7 leaves) and average dry weight (18.58 mg) were the highest compared to black shade net and control (without shading). In conclusion, photo-selective yellow shade net was able to enhance the growth development of green amaranth and could be applied in the large scale production to boost the growth and yield of leafy vegetables.
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Mujaffar, Saheeda, and Alex Lee Loy. "The rehydration behavior of microwave-dried amaranth (Amaranthus dubius) leaves." Food Science & Nutrition 5, no. 3 (2016): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.406.
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Schröter, David, Susanne Neugart, Monika Schreiner, Tilman Grune, Sascha Rohn та Christiane Ott. "Amaranth’s 2-Caffeoylisocitric Acid—An Anti-Inflammatory Caffeic Acid Derivative That Impairs NF-κB Signaling in LPS-Challenged RAW 264.7 Macrophages". Nutrients 11, № 3 (2019): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030571.
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For centuries, Amaranthus sp. were used as food, ornamentals, and medication. Molecular mechanisms, explaining the health beneficial properties of amaranth, are not yet understood, but have been attributed to secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds. One of the most abundant phenolic compounds in amaranth leaves is 2-caffeoylisocitric acid (C-IA) and regarding food occurrence, C-IA is exclusively found in various amaranth species. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of C-IA, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in LPS-challenged macrophages (RAW 264.7) has been investigated and cellular contents of the caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) were quantified in the cells and media. The CADs were quantified in the cell lysates in nanomolar concentrations, indicating a cellular uptake. Treatment of LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells with 10 µM of CADs counteracted the LPS effects and led to significantly lower mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6, by directly decreasing the translocation of the nuclear factor κB/Rel-like containing protein 65 into the nucleus. This work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that attribute to amaranth’s anti-inflammatory properties and highlights C-IA’s potential as a health-beneficial compound for future research.
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Jacques, Ouedraogo, Kiébré Zakaria, Sawadogo Pingawindé, Kabré Vonogo Nikodème, Kiébré Mariam, and Bationo Kando Pauline. "Estimates of Genetic Variability in a Collection of Amaranths (Amaranthus ssp) Cultivated in Burkina Faso." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 27 (2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n27p165.
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In Burkina Faso, little information is available on morphological variability of amaranth and the association of different genetic traits. This has been a constraint to its genetic improvement for yield potential, whereby the necessity of this study which aimed at assessing 80 accessions of amaranth collected in the three agro-climatic zones of Burkina Faso. The study was conducted in 2019 during the rainy season. The experimental design was a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. A total of 12 quantitative descriptors related to the vegetative system, flowering cycle, and leaf and seed yield were assessed. The level of variation of each descriptor, their correlations, and their importance in the structure of agro-morphological variability of amaranths was studied. Significant morphological variability was observed among the accessions. The most discriminating and heritable traits were leaf blade length, number of primary branches bearing an inflorescence, number of leaves per plant, and fresh leaf weight. Late maturing accessions with many branches and long leaves were the best accessions for leaf biomass production. Early maturing accessions with fewer primary branches had better seed production. Two accessions, namely BOB4 and BOB5 of Amaranthus hypochondriacus were identified as the best seed yielding. Breeding programs to facilitate parental selection and increase genetic diversity in breeding populations can use these data.
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Platonova, Svetlana Yurievna, Carlos Javier Torres Mino, Ekaterina Muratovna Gins, Murat Sabirovich Gins, and Elena Valerievna Romanova. "Phenological traits of red amaranth varieties with a high content of amaranthine cultivated in open fields of Moscow region." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 16, no. 2 (2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2021-16-2-107-117.
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The article focuses on phenological features of amaranth varieties grown in open fields as a reaction to variability of weather conditions in the Moscow region. Amaranthine is one of the promising compounds found in red-colored amaranths. It refers to a class of betalain pigments. The study revealed growth stages defined by the highest content of amarantine per plant and analyzed accumulation of the pigment in amaranth leaves and inflorescences. Phenological observations of introduced plant species under new conditions are important and determine their resistance to adverse environmental factors, ability to produce high quality fruits and seeds, and potential for cultivation. During the introduction of new amaranth varieties, the most adapted forms were selected for the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation in 2013-2016. The studied Russian and Ecuador varieties were divided into 4 groups depending on the growth period (from germination to seed maturity). Analysis of phenological traits of plants confirmed that period of amaranth development did not depend on the variety, except the fourth stage of late-ripening cultivars - Don Pedro and Eku 17020, dependent on weather conditions. Being dependent on weather conditions, the vegetative growth period turned to be the most stable. Late cv. Eku 17020 did not form mature seeds in open ground conditions, which is explained by its origin (Ecuador). In the present study we identified growth stages when plant raw materials had the highest dye content in red-leaved amaranth varieties (Valentina, Don Pedro and Fakel). We also considered the perspective of cultivation of green-leaved varieties with red inflorescences - Pamyati Kovasa and Eku-17020 - as sources of biologically valuable compounds in the Moscow region.
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Chaukse, Chandrapal, and Deepika Vyas. "Study about Correlation and Path Analysis in Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)." Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10, no. 4 (2024): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2024/v10i4394.
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Twenty six genotypes of grain amaranth were evaluated during rabi 2017-18 for assessing the correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield and its components. The grain yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly associated with plant height, panicle length, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of panicles, biological yield/plant and harvest index. Dry weight of panicles had highest path towards grain yield per plant, dry weight of leaves directly associated with days to maturity and plant height. This indicates that these characters played an important role in higher grain yield in grain amaranth.
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Nemadodzi, Lufuno Ethel, and Gudani Millicent Managa. "1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Profile of Green and Red Amaranthus Grown in Open Field versus Greenhouse Cultivation System." Metabolites 14, no. 1 (2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo14010021.
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Traditionally, indigenous African leafy vegetables such as Amaranthus, blackjack, jute mallow, cleome monophyla, and spider plants have been conventionally and organically grown as weeds in open fields. However, the lack of land space due to the increase in population has resulted in unconventional, modern, and advanced agricultural farming. The introduction of a greenhouse has recently become the second most popular growing system alongside shade net and glasshouse to increase productivity and meet consumers’ demand. Several studies on Amaranthus species have solely focused on physiological parameters and nutritional composition, leaving a huge gap on their metabolomic profile of the leaves which is crucial to comprehend when growing Amaranthus species in different cropping systems. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the influence of different cropping systems on the release of metabolites of two commonly consumed Amaranthus species in South Africa. H1 -Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) tool was used to profile the untargeted metabolites of green (Amaranthus graecizans L.) and red (Amaranthus cruentus L.) species. A total of 12 metabolites—trehalose, betaine, glutamine, choline, sucrose, caprate, adenosine, asparagine, carnitine, caffeine, aspartate, and alanine—were detected in green amaranth grown in open fields. Except for caffeine, aspartate, and caprate, which were found in the green amaranth grown in open fields, all the other metabolites were detected in the greenhouse grown once. Interestingly, allantoin, which serves as an allelochemical, was the sole distinct metabolite detected in greenhouse cultivated green amaranth. On the contrary, seven similar metabolites were quantified in red amaranth grown in both open fields and greenhouses, apart from caffeine, which was only detected in greenhouse-cultivated red amaranth.
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Zhang, Yi, Wenli Huang, Chenlu Zhang, et al. "Variation in the Main Health-Promoting Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Three Leafy Vegetables in Southwest China." Molecules 28, no. 12 (2023): 4780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124780.
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Malabar spinach (Basella alba), amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) are leafy vegetables found in Southwest China. The variation of chlorophyll, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity was studied in the leaves and stems of the three vegetables. The content of main health-promoting compounds and the antioxidant capacity in the leaves were higher than that in the stems, indicating that the leaves of the three vegetables possess greater nutritional value. The trend of total flavonoids in all three vegetables was similar to the trend of antioxidant capacity, suggesting that the total flavonoids may be the major antioxidants wihin these vegetables. Eight individual phenolic compounds were detected in three different vegetables. The most abundant levels of individual phenolic compounds in the leaves and stems of malabar spinach, amaranth, and sweet potato were 6′-O-feruloyl-d-sucrose (9.04 and 2.03 mg g−1 DW), hydroxyferulic acid (10.14 and 0.73 mg g−1 DW), and isorhamnetin-7-O-glucoside (34.93 and 6.76 mg g−1 DW), respectively. Sweet potato exhibited a higher total and individual phenolic compound content compared to malabar spinach and amaranth. Overall, the results demonstrate that the three leafy vegetables possess high nutritional value, and could be used not only for consumption but also in various other fields, including medicine and chemistry.
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Khandaker, Laila, A. Masum Akond, and Shinya Oba. "Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Improved the Growth, Yield and Leaf's Bioactive Compounds in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.)." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 74, no. 1 (2011): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-011-0006-6.
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Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Improved the Growth, Yield and Leaf's Bioactive Compounds in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolorL.)This study was conducted to determine the effect of foliar salicylic acid (SA) applications on growth, yield and bioactive compounds of red amaranth grown under greenhouse conditions in 2008 at Gifu University, Japan. SA was applied at three different concentrations (10-3, 10-4and 10-5M), three times during the vegetation at 7-day intervals one week after sowing. Growth parameters (plant height, stem length, number and size of leaves, root length) and yield (fresh and dry matter weight) were recorded from treated and control plants on 28 days after sowing. Among bioactive compounds, betacyanins, chlorophyll, total polyphenol and antioxidant activity were the determined from the leaves of treated and control plants. All of three doses SA application enhanced the plant growth, yield and leaf's bioactive compounds compared to the control. The growth parameters and yield of red amaranth was significantly influenced by foliar SA applications. The highest yield, antioxidant activity, amount of betacyanins, chlorophyll and total polyphenol occurred in 10-5M SA treatment. According to our results, applications SA at rate of 10-5M should be recommended in order to improve yield and bioactive compounds in red amaranth.
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Skwaryło-Bednarz, Barbara, and Anna Krzepiłko. "Effect of Varied NPK Fertilization on Catalase Activity of Amaranth (Amaranthus Cruentus L.)." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 20, no. 2 (2013): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2013-0023.
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Abstract A study was carried out on the effect of varied NPK fertilization on catalase activity per gram fresh weight of the leaves of two varieties of amaranth, Rawa and Aztek, at different developmental stages (seedling, five-leaf, flowering and mature seed), as well as in the seeds. Amaranth was grown in a field experiment in southeast Poland, at wide-row spacing on good wheat complex soil. The following combinations of macronutrient levels were applied: I - 50 kg N ・ ha-1, 40 kg P ・ ha-1, 40 kg K ・ ha-1, II - 70 kg N ・ ha-1, 50 kg P ・ ha-1, 50 kg K ・ ha-1, III - 90 kg N ・ ha-1, 60 kg P ・ ha-1, 60 kg K ・ ha-1 and IV - 130 kg N ・ ha-1, 70 kg P ・ ha-1, 70 kg K ・ ha-1. The study showed that catalase activity exhibited a downward trend during the vegetation period of amaranth. The highest catalase activity was noted in the leaves during the first stage, ie the seedling stage. Increasing levels of NPK led to an increase in catalase activity. Leaves of the Rawa variety had higher catalase activity than those of the Aztek variety at every stage of development. The level of catalase activity in the amaranth seeds was also significantly affected by fertilization and the variety of amaranth. Higher levels of the fertilizers caused an increase in catalase activity in the seeds.
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Nyonje, W. A., A. O. Makokha, and M. O. Abukutsa-Onyango. "Anti-Nutrient, Phytochemical and Antiradical Evaluation of 10 Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) Varieties Before and After Flowering." Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 4 (2014): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p68.
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Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) vegetable is widely consumed in Kenya and contributes to the alleviation of food insecurity. It is reported to have bioactive components such as antioxidants that help in protecting the body from long-term degenerative diseases. However, amaranth vegetable has also been shown to contain some anti-nutrients such as tannins, phytic acid, oxalates and nitrates which may bind nutrients and reduce their bioavailability in the body. There are many amaranth varieties and there is very little information about differences in the anti-nutrient and phytochemical levels among the varieties. The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical and anti-nutrient content of ten amaranth varieties at two growth stages, before and after flowering. The study was in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Ten amaranth varieties, eight of which are new varieties, were planted. Harvesting was done in two stages, at vegetative stage and post flowering stage. The leaves were analyzed for nitrates, vitamin C, total carotenoids, flavonoids and total antioxidant activity. Results showed decrease in nitrates which reduced by about 40% as the plants matured. The leaves also increased antioxidant activity as the plants matured with the concentration equivalent (IC50) with DPPH of 2 mg/mL at vegetative stage and about 1mg/mL after flowering. In conclusion, as the plants grow older, there was an increased accumulation of anti-nutrient and other plant chemicals. Antioxidant activity is however increased.
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Lăcătuş, Mihaela, Patricia Tarkanyi, Mariana Atena Poiana, and Despina Maria Bordean. "A comprehensive review of Amaranthus spp. as a nutrient-dense food supplement: focus on mineral composition and health benefits." Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies 2024 (30), no. 3 (2024): 320–28. https://doi.org/10.59463/japt.2024.2.29.
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The purpose of the study is to highlight that the Amaranthus spp. plant contains a significant amount of nutrients that are beneficial to human health and, when included in a balanced diet, can improve or even combat certain diseases. The plant is an important source of proteins, crude fiber, carbohydrates, energy, and minerals. Amaranthus spp. belongs to the Amaranthaceae family. There are about 65 to 70 species of amaranth, known commonly as amaranth. It is about 8000 years old and was originally considered a sacred food with ceremonial uses due to its nutritional and healing properties before modern times. All parts of the plant can be consumed. The nutritional value of amaranth is very high, the leaves contain more protein and lysine than corn or other cereals, and more methionine than soy, both essential amino acids. It also contains significant amounts of beta-carotene, omega-6, and powerful antioxidants. The amaranth plant (specifically its species) is rich in vitamins, particularly A, K, B1, B3, B5, B6, B17, C, E, riboflavin, folic acid, and folate, as well as minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese. Amaranth contains significant amounts of provitamin A (beta-carotene) and is also rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid. Amaranthus spp. contains a variety of valuable bioactive compounds, which are good for our health: polyphenols – powerful antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress; flavonoids – with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; saponins – known for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects; dietary fiber – beneficial for digestive health; phytosterols – help reduce cholesterol. These compounds provide amaranth with health benefits, including cardiovascular protection and immune support.
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Ahammed, A. U., M. M. Rahman, and M. A. K. Mian. "MUTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN STEM AMARANTH (Amaranthus tricolor)." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 26, no. 1 (2013): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19979.
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The genetic divergence among 22 genotypes of stem amaranth was estimated using D² and Principal Component Analysis. The genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Cluster I, II, III and IV composed of two, four, seven and nine genotypes in succession. No relationship was found between divergence and geographic distribution of the genotypes. Maximum inter cluster distance (12.326) was observed between cluster I and III and it was minimum (3.526) between cluster I and II. The crosses between the genotypes of cluster I with that of cluster III and cluster II with cluster III would exhibit high heterosis and also likely to produce new recombinants with desired characters in stem amaranth. The yield contributing characters were leaves per plant, petiole length, stem diameter, leaf weight per plant and stem weight per plant. Leaf width, petiole length and 1000 seed weight showed maximum contribution to the total divergence. The results obtained by D² analysis were confirmed by Principal Component Analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v26i1.19979
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Moran, Patrick J., and Allan T. Showler. "Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi Symptoms on Amaranthus spp. Under South Texas Conditions." Plant Disease 91, no. 12 (2007): 1638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1638.
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Temperature, humidity, weed species and age, and inducible responses in the host are factors that could limit the efficacy of fungal bioherbicides. The influences of these factors on the efficacy of the fungal bioherbicides Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi against Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) were investigated in greenhouse and field studies under south Texas conditions. Despite plants being given an initial dew period, the bioherbicides, applied individually or in combination, did not cause mortality on any pigweed species in greenhouse or field environments. In greenhouse experiments, fewer than 5% of the leaves in six- to eight-leaf A. palmeri plants developed necrotic lesions within 2 weeks after bioherbicide treatment and only 8% or fewer of the plants developed stem lesions. Disease incidence was significantly higher in A. hybridus and A. retroflexus, with as much as 94% of leaves developing necrosis and 95% of the plants having stem lesions. New leaf production was reduced by biobherbicide treatment in A. hybridus. Combined-pathogen inoculation caused leaf and stem lesions on mature (13 to 36 leaves per plant) A. hybridus and A. retroflexus. Summer and fall field inoculations with M. amaranthi on A. hybridus and A. palmeri produced disease incidence levels similar to or higher than those in greenhouse tests. Infection of A. palmeri by P. amaranthicola increased the peroxidase activity level nearly twofold compared with the controls. Neither pathogen influenced leaf free amino acid content. The high temperatures and low humidity of south Texas and interspecific variation in resistance, possibly linked to peroxidase induction, limited the efficacy of these bioherbicides.
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GINS, E. M., S. M. MOTYLEVA, V. K. GINS, I. M. KULIKOV, and M. S. GINS. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLITES IN AMARANTH LEAVES OF DIFFERENT AGE." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 4 (2022): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.4.20.
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The recent study aimed to investigate the composition of monosaccharides and their derivatives in the leaves of vegetable species Amaranthus tricolor L. cv. ‘Valentina’ of different ages, as well as, their vital role in enhancing the adaptive potential of the plant. Forty-eight monosaccharides and 28 of their derivatives have been identified in the composition of amaranth leaves of different ages. The maximum number of hydrophilic carbohydrate metabolites clustered in the young leaf. However, in older leaves, the number of water soluble metabolites showed similarities to that of the soluble in ethyl alcohol. Along with the general carbohydrate metabolites, the old leaves also contained specific monosaccharides, such as, lixopyranose, glucose, sorbose, mannobiose, cellobiose, and monosaccharide derivatives, i.e., methyl galactoside, glucopyranosiduronic and glucuronic acids, and alcohol erythritol. However, in Amaranthus tricolor L., the young leaf is characterized by arabinofuranose and carbohydrate derivatives, i.e., alpha-ketogluconic, arabinohexane, glucaric, galactaric, xylonic-D, lactone acids, and alcohol pentatriol. The leaves of different ages’ composition showed polyhydric alcohols (glycerin, ribitol, and myo-inositol). It also showed osmoprotective and antioxidant properties.
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Pathan, Safiullah, Frieda Eivazi, Babu Valliyodan, Kamalendu Paul, Grato Ndunguru, and Kerry Clark. "Nutritional Composition of the Green Leaves of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)." Journal of Food Research 8, no. 6 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n6p55.
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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grain is often eaten worldwide as a healthy food, but consuming nutrient-rich quinoa leaves as a leafy green vegetable is uncommon. This study evaluated the potentiality of leafy green quinoa as a major source of protein, amino acids, and minerals in the human diet. Also, the study compared the nutrient content of quinoa leaves with those of amaranth and spinach leaves. The proximate analysis of quinoa dry leaves showed a higher amount (g/100 g dry weight) of protein (37.05) than amaranth (27.45) and spinach (30.00 g). Furthermore, a lower amount of carbohydrate (34.03) was found in quinoa leaves compared to amaranth (47.90) and spinach (43.78 g). A higher amount of essential amino acids was found in quinoa leaves relative to those of amaranth and spinach. The highest amounts (mg/100 g dry weight) of minerals in quinoa dry leaves were copper (1.12), manganese (26.49), and potassium (8769.00 mg), followed by moderate amounts of calcium (1535.00), phosphorus (405.62), sodium (15.12), and zinc (6.79 mg). Our findings suggest that quinoa leaves can be consumed as a green vegetable with an excellent source of nutrients. Therefore, we endorse the inclusion of quinoa in the leafy green vegetable group.
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Amalia, D. R., and D. Rachmawati. "Morphophysiological responses of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) to osmopriming treatment to overcoming salinity stress." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1165, no. 1 (2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1165/1/012017.
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Abstract Global climate change induced environmental stress such as salinity significantly impact growth and crop productivity. Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a vegetable commodity that has high nutritional value, but its productivity will decrease when grown in saline area. Seed priming is one of the pre-planting treatment techniques used to increase plant growth under unfavourable conditions. Osmopriming is one of the priming techniques where the seeds will be immersed in a solution with a high osmotic potential, such as PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). The purpose of this study was to determine the morphophysiological response of red amaranth to osmopriming treatment under salinity stress. Complete randomized design was used to arrange this experiment containing two variables including seed osmopriming (0, 5% and 10% of PEG) and salinity stress (0, 50, and 100 mM of NaCl). Morphophysiological parameters were measured including plant height, number of leaves, root length, leaf chlorophyll content, proline content, oxalic acid content and Ca-oxalate crystal density. After seed osmopriming with 10% of PEG 6000 increased plant height, number of leaves and root length of red amaranth Under salinity stress. Chlorophyll content increased while proline, oxalic acid content and Ca-oxalate crystal density decreased on osmopriming with 10% of PEG 6000. Seed osmopriming enhances morphophysiological characters to overcome problems in cultivating of red amaranth on saline area.
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Manyelo, Tlou Grace, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola, and Monnye Mabelebele. "Nutritional and Phenolic Profile of Early and Late Harvested Amaranth Leaves Grown Under Cultivated Conditions." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100432.
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Amaranth leaves are edible vegetables with high nutritional value that depends on the harvest stage. This study evaluated the nutritional and chemical profile of amaranth leaves harvested at days 65 and 120. Samples were collected, air-dried, and milled to pass through a 1-mm sieve before analysis. Higher (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) were observed in early harvested leaves than late harvested leaves. In addition, late harvested leaves had higher (p < 0.05) calcium, magnesium, and sodium contents than early harvested leaves; early harvested leaves had higher (p < 0.05) threonine, lysine, and leucine contents than late harvested leaves. Furthermore, early harvested leaves showed higher (p < 0.05) rutin, hyperoside, tryptophan, quercetin, and kaempferol rutinoside contents than late harvested leaves. A strong positive correlation was observed between nutrition composition and phenolic compounds. It can be concluded that both early and late harvested amaranth leaves are a promising source of nutrients and phenolic compounds that can help in providing new opportunities for their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Huerta-Ocampo, José Ángel, Erika Patricia Briones-Cerecero, Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández, Antonio De León-Rodríguez, and Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa. "Proteomic Analysis of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) Leaves under Drought Stress." International Journal of Plant Sciences 170, no. 8 (2009): 990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/605119.
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Zelenkov, Valery N., Anatoly A. Lapin, Taisia G. Belonozhkina, Nadezda Leonidovna Voropaeva, Nikolay V. Shachnev та Vladimir V. Karpachev. "Total Antioxidant Activity of Amaranth Leaves in Оntogenesis". International Letters of Natural Sciences 69 (червень 2018): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.69.25.
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The authors carried out in the fieldwork with a new variety of amaranth «Lipetsky». In order to identify qualitative and quantitative laws of manifestation of the total antioxidant activity of amaranth the leaves were collected in different phases of plant vegetation, dehydrated in mild conditions of air-shadow drying and subsequently dried under harsh conditions 105º C to a constant mass of samples. Testing of plant samples was carried out using a coulometric method of titration (author's method) of free bromine radicals generated in the aquatic environment by plant titrant (water extract dried in the shade at a temperature of 22º±3°C of leaves). It was examined the combined samples of 10 samples of plant leaves of different tiers and of different ages with field plot of 10 ha. Biometric averages of plants during the growing season: growth, the weight of plants, number of leaves, the weight of leaves, stem and inflorescence of the plant are given. This shows the dynamics of total antioxidant activity of leaves of amaranth during the growing season. The thermal stability of the total antioxidant activity (TAA) for combined extracts of 10 samples of leaves of different ages and from different parts of plants when they are drying at 105°C was tested. The dynamics of change, TAA aqueous extracts of the dried amaranth samples with different stages of the growing season corresponds to the previously identified trends in the availability of high quantitative values in the phase of mass budding beginning of flowering and minima in the initial growth phases (3-8 leaves) and ripening of seed for different varieties of amaranth. There were revealed the increase in antioxidant activity upon drying amaranth samples at 105°C, revealed a new type of qualitative dynamics of TAA, while vegetation with a characteristic quantitative changes by more than 50% for the beginning of the growth phase (the first phase of 3-8 leaves) and the final phase of seed maturation.