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Academic literature on the topic 'Amas d’étoiles'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Amas d’étoiles"
Roland, Timothé. "Identification et analyse des structures stellaires émergeant des régions de formation d'étoiles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAE005.
Full textYoung stars form within fragmented structures inherited from the gas cloud they emerged from, named star forming regions. Subsequently, dynamical processes play a key role in their evolution. In this thesis, we study the N-body interactions between young stars thanks to numerical simulations, developed with the AMUSE platform. Using the gravity-driven fragmentation (GDF) method, we produce realistic young star clusters, on which we test two tools, the MST and HOP, used to identify over-dense groups of stars. In particular, we evaluate the robustness of the MST method. Such tool is usually applied only on the 2D projected distribution of stars because of observation limitations. We point that such identification under estimates the dynamical properties, such as measurements of radius, velocity dispersion and dynamical mass of the groups, compared to a full 3D-based identification. We study other observational limitations by comparing the dynamical properties of our modelled groups to a set of observations of the recent Gaia DR2 mission. Finally, we highlight the details of our simulation framework used to describe complexing redients such as the effect of binaries, dust extinction or even the galactic environment
Belles, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Formation d’étoiles et d’amas stellaires dans les collisions de galaxies." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112312/document.
Full textMergers are known to be essential in the formation of large-scale structures and to have a significant role in the history of galaxy formation and evolution. Besides a morphological transformation, mergers induce important bursts of star formation. These starburst are characterised by high Star Formation Efficiencies (SFEs) and Specific Star Formation Rates, i.e., high Star Formation Rates (SFR) per unit of gas mass and high SFR per unit of stellar mass, respectively, compared to spiral galaxies. At all redshifts, starburst galaxies are outliers of the sequence of star-forming galaxies defined by spiral galaxies. We have investigated the origin of the starburst-mode of star formation, in three local interacting systems: Arp 245, Arp 105 and NGC 7252. We combined high-resolution JVLA observations of the 21-cm line, tracing the HI diffuse gas, with UV GALEX observations, tracing the young star-forming regions. We probe the local physical conditions of the Inter-Stellar Medium (ISM) for independent star-forming regions and explore the atomic-to-dense gas transformation in different environments. The SFR/HI ratio is found to be much higher in central regions, compared to outer regions, showing a higher dense gas fraction (or lower HI gas fraction) in these regions. In the outer regions of the systems, i.e., the tidal tails, where the gas phase is mostly atomic, we find SFR/HI ratios higher than in standard HI-dominated environments, i.e., outer discs of spiral galaxies and dwarf galaxies. Thus, our analysis reveals that the outer regions of mergers are characterised by high SFEs, compared to the standard mode of star formation. The observation of high dense gas fractions in interacting systems is consistent with the predictions of numerical simulations; it results from the increase of the gas turbulence during a merger. The merger is likely to affect the star-forming properties of the system at all spatial scales, from large scales, with a globally enhanced turbulence, to small scales, with possible modifications of the initial mass function. From a high-resolution numerical simulation of the major merger of two spiral galaxies, we analyse the effects of the galaxy interaction on the star forming properties of the ISM at the scale of star clusters. The increase of the gas turbulence is likely able to explain the formation of Super Star Clusters in the system. Our investigation of the SFR-HI relation in galaxy mergers will be complemented by high-resolution HI data for additional systems, and pushed to yet smaller spatial scales
Fensch, Jérémy. "Star and stellar cluster formation in gas-dominated galaxies." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC207/document.
Full textWe study the formation of stars and stellar clusters in gas-dominated galaxies. This term primarily refers to galaxies from the epoch of the peak of the cosmic star formation history, which occurred at z ~ 2, but also to their local analogues, the tidal dwarf galaxies.Firstly, using numerical simulations, we show that the massive galaxies at z = 2, which have a gas fraction of about 50%, form massive (10**7-8 solar masses) and gravitationally bound structures, which we call clumps thereafter. These clumps do not form in galaxies with a gas fraction below 25%. We then present an observational study of a local analogue of a z = 2 galactic clump, which is the tidal dwarf galaxy NGC 5291N. The analysis of emission lines show the presence of shocks on the outskirts of the object. Photometry of this galaxy’s stellar clusters show that the youngest clusters (< 10 million years) are significantly less massive than older clusters. This could be the sign of ongoing cluster mergers and/or of a strong star formation activity in this system about 500 million years ago).Secondly, we study how the gas fraction impacts the formation of stars and stellar clusters in galaxy mergers at z = 2. Using numerical simulations we show that these mergers only slightly increase the star and stellar cluster formation rate, compared to local galaxy mergers, which have a lower gas fraction. We show that this is due to the saturation of several physical quantities, which are already strong in isolated z=2 galaxies and are thus less enhanced by the merger. These factors are gas turbulence, compressive tides and nuclear gas inflows, We also show that the stellar structures formed in the gaseous clumps are preserved by the fusion: they are ejected from the disk and orbit in the halo of the remnant galaxy, where they may become the progenitors of some globular clusters
Grosset, Lucas. "Observations extragalactiques avec optique adaptative : polarisation dans les noyaux actifs de Galaxie et étude des super amas d'étoiles." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEO004/document.
Full textDespite having strong theoretical models, the current limitation in our understanding of the small-scale structures of galaxies is linked to the lack of observational evidences. Many powerful telescopes and instruments have been developed in the last decades, however one of these strongest tools, namely Adaptive Optics (AO), can only be used on a very limited number of targets. Indeed, for AO to be efficient, a bright star is required close to the scientific target, typically under 30 . This is mandatory for the AO systems to be able to measure the atmospheric turbulence and this condition is rarely satisfied for extended extragalactic targets such as galaxies. The main part of this thesis work consisted in going deeper in the analysis of the inner tens of parsecs of Active Nuclei (AGN) by combining different techniques to obtain and to interpret new data. In this context, we developed a new radiative transfer code to analyse the polarimetric data. A second part of my work was dedicated to a high angular resolution study of Super Star Clusters (SSC) in a new system, thanks to data obtained with the AO demonstrator CANARY instrument
Beuret, Maxime. "Formation stellaire dans la galaxie et interaction avec le milieu interstellaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE017/document.
Full textHow stars form? This broad question uses knowledges in several areas, including two majors, the Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium. My thesis is a part of this overall framework. Our galaxy is a laboratory complex for the study of this formation. I became interested in the first stages of the star formations, from Molecular Clouds to protostars. I mainly used data from the Herschel telescope which provides us with images and data in the far infrared and sub-millimiter at an unparalleled resolution. First of all, I built a catalogue of young clumps using SPECFIND, an algorithm of cross-identification. Then I applied an algorithm of clustering, MST, over 100 000 young clumps to find over-densities in order to release the first catalogue of young stellar clusters in a galactic scale. Finally, I studied the physical properties of these clusters and their young clumps