Dissertations / Theses: 'Amazonian region'

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Lima, Ayres Deborah de Magalhaes. "The social category 'caboclo' : history, social organisation, identity and outsider's social (Solimoes) classification of the rural population of an Amazonian region (the Middle Solimoes)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272972.

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Daly, Lewis. "The symbiosis of people and plants : ecological engagements among the Makushi Amerindians of Amazonian Guyana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6bb0c864-68d3-4909-b6d1-362e653229b1.

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This ethnoecological study of the Makushi Amerindians of Amazonian Guyana explores the place of plants in the indigenous culture and cosmology. The North Rupununi, the homeland of the Makushi people, is a bioculturally diverse mosaic of neotropical savannahs, forests, and wetlands. As subsistence hunters, fishers, and horticulturalists, the Makushi live in a constant and dynamic interaction with their ecologically rich surroundings. Against the human-faunal bias latent in much Amazonian anthropology, I place plants firmly at the centre of analysis, a positioning that mirrors their centrality in the ethnographic context. Human-plant encounters explored herein include swidden agriculture, the cultivation of bitter cassava, the fermentation of cassava drinks using a domesticated fungus, the use of a category of charm plants, and the consumption of plant substances in shamanic ritual. With the Makushi, I emphasise the status of plants as living selves and agents of semiosis, occupying perspectives on the world in and outside of their interactions with human beings. In order to investigate ethno-theories of life, I attempt to understand the constitution of the person - and associated notions of body and soul - in the indigenous cosmology. Makushi ontology can be characterised as animic - though as I argue, it also incorporates naturalistic and analogic elements. Thus, it is poly-ontological. This study pursues a dual goal: first, to pay heed to the trans-specific domain of living entities revealed in the Makushi ethnoecology, and second, to rethink conventional symbolic frameworks characteristic of anthropological approaches to culture. I explore the application of a more robust approach to sign-flows in nature - Peircian ecosemiotics - that allows for the analysis of plant communication, birdcalls, insect stings, and leaf patterns, as well as human language. In tracing these interspecific webs of signification, conclusions are drawn about the varied ways in which Makushi people engage with and think about their living environment. At the same time, many Makushi multispecies engagements are based on the physical transfer of substances between bodies of different kinds. In order to better account for this pervasive 'substance logic', greater attention must be paid to indigenous notions of corporeality and personhood. In doing so, I propose a dual analytical model that takes both the flows of signs and the flows of substances as its combined objective. This approach enables new conclusions to be drawn about multispecies relationality in indigenous Amazonian cosmologies.

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Becker, Magda Marcia. "Characterization of native fruits of the amazon region and development of an amperometric biosensor for determination of antioxidant capacity." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0024/document.

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La consommation de fruits est encouragée pour leur apport de composés bioactifs naturels. Ce travail a pour objectif de caractériser dix fruits indignes de la région amazonienne. La caractérisation a été effectuée initialement par des analyses bromatologiques, suivies de la détermination des minéraux Ca, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na et Zn par spectrométrie d'émission optique ˆ plasma couplé par induction (ICP OES). Ensuite, la capacité antioxydante des fruits a été évalué à l'aide de différentes méthodes colorimétriques (DPPH, ABTS et NBT), ainsi que l'activité antiproliférative contre la lignée cellulaire du cancer du colon humain (caco-2). La composition phénolique a été déterminée par chromatographie en phase liquide à ultra haute performance (UHPLC) couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution. Considérant les inconvénients des méthodes conventionnelles de détermination de la capacité antioxydante, un biocapteur enzymatique ampérométrique a été mis au point en utilisant comme transducteur un systéme de trois électrodes sérigraphiées sur PVC, contenant du bleu de Prusse (PB) comme médiateur électrochimique. Une capacité antioxydante lipophile élevée a été observée dans les pulpes de biriba et de bacuri, alors les fruits abiu, inaja et monguba présentaient une capacité antioxydante hydrophile importante. L'activité antiproliférative des fruits de biriba, inaja, monguba et pajura a entrainé une inhibition significative de la croissance cellulaire de caco-2. L'analyse chromatographique des extraits de biriba, inaja et monguba, a permis de quantifier respectivement 11, 25 et 21 composés phénoliques dotés d'activités biologiques importantes
Fruit consumption is encouraged for their contribution of natural bioactive compounds. This work aims to characterize ten indigenous fruits of the Amazonian region. Characterization was performed initially by bromatological analyzes, followed by the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn minerals by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES). Then, the antioxidant capacity of the fruits was evaluated using different colorimetric methods (DPPH, ABTS and NBT), as well as the ant proliferative activity against the human colon cancer cell line (caco-2). The phenolic composition was determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Considering the disadvantages of conventional methods of determining antioxidant capacity, an amperometric enzyme biosensor has been developed using as a transducer a system of three screen-printed electrodes on PVC, containing Prussian blue (PB) as electrochemical mediator. A high lipophilic antioxidant capacity was observed in biriba and bacuri pulps, so abiu, inaja and monguba fruit had significant hydrophilic antioxidant capacity. The antiproliferative activity of the fruits of biriba, inaja, monguba and pajura resulted in significant inhibition of caco-2 cell growth. Chromatographic analysis of birib‡, inaj‡ and monguba extracts quantified respectively 11, 25 and 21 phenolic compounds with important biological activities

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Luizao, Regina C. C. "Soil biological studies in contrasting types of vegetation in central Amazonian rain forests." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2274.

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Studies were carried out in a lowland evergreen rain forest (LERF), on an ultisol, in the 'Reserva da Campina', 45 km north of Manaus, and in two facies of the highly distinct formation called heath forest, on spodosols. The spodosols had a layer of mor humus of thickness varying from nil in some parts in the smaller facies of heath forest (SHF) to 35 cm in the taller facies (THF). The overall aim was to investigate the forest soil biota and its role in nutrient turnover by comparing the SHF, THF and LERF. Microbial biomass, soil respiration and nitrogen transformation rates were measured in the three forest types in both wet and dry seasons. Field and laboratory fertilization experiments were made to investigate potential limiting nutrients for microorganisms and plants. The role of fine roots in decomposition and litter animal colonization was assessed in litter bag studies. SHF soils have a small microbial population with no net nitrification in any season. THF soils showed a variable microbial population adapted to high acidity, which immobilises nitrogen during the wet season, but which allows a net release during the dry season. LERF showed the most diverse population which causes mineralization and nitrification in both seasons. A bioassay with nutrient addition showed that the low pH, and nitrogen and sulphur supply were likely to be limiting nitrogen dynamics in all forest types, but especially in THF and LERF. The ingrowth bags showed that despite the lower values of fine root growth in the SHF (particularly when the white sand of the spodosol was used as the substrate), the roots showed in all plots an increased production with added calcium as carbonate or sulphate. In the decomposition bioassay to evaluate the role of roots in the nutrient turnover it was shown that in all forest types there was no effect of roots on the mass loss of Clitoria leaves but there was a significant effect on concentrations of some nutrients. In general, roots contributed to the accumulation of aluminium and iron and to a faster release and uptake of calcium, magnesium and zinc. A survey of the mycorrhizal associations in all forest types showed that both VAM and ECM fungi with some unknown VAM fungal species are common. VAM and ECM adaptation to low pH and high phenolic compounds in the soils may be important in the maintenance of these ecosystems.

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Cloutier, Dominic. "Conservation genetics of exploited Amazonian forest tree species and the impact of selective logging on inbreeding and gene dispersal in a population of Carapa guianensis." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102969.

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The Amazon region is one of the richest areas on the planet in terms of its biodiversity and natural resources. The large scale harvesting of trees in this region is a relatively new activity, and it is uncertain whether the exploitation of timber species will result in depletion of forest genetic resources. To examine this, I have assessed levels of inbreeding, gene flow, and genetic diversity in populations of Amazonian forest trees undergoing logging. Because of their high variability within populations, microsatellite genetic markers were chosen for the study, and it was verified through an initial sampling experiment that this class of markers is sufficiently stable within somatic tissue of large and long-lived trees such that population studies could be undertaken with them. By sampling adult trees and seed progenies at several microsatellite loci, high levels of gene flow and low levels of inbreeding were found within populations of Sextonia rubra and Carapa guianensis, two important insect-pollinated Amazonian forest tree species. Comparing seed progeny collected before versus after selective logging of a population of Carapa guianensis, no measurable evidence was found that that the population genetic dynamics is impacted by logging. In particular, levels of inbreeding, gene flow, and population substructure were the same before and after logging. Comparing different populations distributed over the Amazon basin, a phylogeographical structure in the chloroplast DNA of Carapa guianensis that corresponds to major tributaries of the Amazon river was discovered, suggesting that seed dispersal through rivers may contribute to genetic connectivity among populations. Overall, the results of this thesis suggest that the large effective population sizes, the high levels of gene flow, and the low levels of inbreeding in exploited Amazonian tree populations may allow them to counteract potential negative genetic impacts of selective logging, at least at the levels of harvesting carried out during this study, and for the Carapa guianensis population investigated.

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Lins, Alexandre Sócrates Araujo de Almeida. "A Amazônia no cinema paraense: tensões entre o global e o local." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cultura e Sociedade da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10601.

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Rubim, Linda Silva Oliveira ver Rubim, Lindinalva Silva Oliveira
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Esse trabalho busca refletir sobre o que se convencionou chamar de identidade amazônica no Pará, através da produção cultural local recente. O estudo objetiva evidenciar a dimensão social e agonística dos múltiplos discursos elaborados no processo de constituição da idéia de região amazônica. A análise dos filmes – “Chama Verequete” (2002), de Luiz Arnaldo Campos e Rogério Parreira, "Açaí com Jabá" (2002), de Alan Rodrigues, Marcos Daibes e Waleriano Duarte, e "Dezembro" (2003), de Fernando Segtowick – constatou que suas narrativas, além de estabelecerem relações com o discurso hegemônico, que identifica a cultura cabocla como a mais representativa do Estado e da região, também refletem as tensões entre o local e as práticas globalizadas contemporâneas. Para pensar a cultura como expressão de disputas por poder nos utilizamos das contribuições de autores como Michael Foucault, Mikhail Bakhtin, H. Bhabha, Renato Ortiz, João de Jesus Paes Loureiro, entre outros.
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Prates, Rodolfo Coelho. "O desmatamento desigual na Amazônia brasileira: sua evolução, suas causas e conseqüências sobre o bem-estar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-06082008-162358/.

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A presente tese analisa o desmatamento na Amazônia brasileira, evidenciando que o mesmo é desigual entre os estados e procura discutir, por meio da análise interpretativa e econométrica, as causas desse desmatamento desigual, bem como avaliar os impactos sobre o bem-estar se o desmatamento for reduzido. A tese está organizada na forma de três artigos, seguindo modelo não tradicional autorizado pela Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\". O primeiro artigo, intitulado o Processo de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia e o seu Desmatamento, analisa - com base na revisão da literatura existente e por meio da análise de dados secundários, e realizando uma análise histórica desde a colonização portuguesa - as etapas de desenvolvimento da região amazônica e sua associação com a prática do desmatamento, destacando as políticas públicas que fomentaram o desenvolvimento da região e o atual avanço de sistemas produtivos, orientados pelo estímulo econômico. Demonstra-se que o desenvolvimento da Amazônia, citados como as principais causas do desmatamento e estimulados em boa parte por políticas econômicas, é um processo desuniforme no tempo e no espaço, gerando o desmatamento desigual entre os estados que compõem essa região e dentro de cada estado. O segundo artigo, Condicionantes Recentes do Desmatamento na Amazônia Legal, avalia, por meio de análise econométrica, as causas do desmatamento, ressaltadas pela literatura, na Amazônia Legal entre 2000 e 2004; bem como nas unidades federativas que compõem a respectiva região e usando dados em nível de município. Os fatores considerados, exceto os gastos em agricultura e a extração madeireira, se mostraram estatisticamente significativos para explicar o desmatamento da região amazônica como um todo. Em relação às unidades federativas, pode-se considerar que o desmatamento é desigual entre elas, pois determinados fatores são mais significativos estatisticamente, quando presentes, em algumas unidades federativas do que em outras. O segundo artigo se encerra com algumas sugestões de políticas para controlar o desmatamento que tomam em consideração os resultados econométricos obtidos. O terceiro artigo, Análise da Relação entre Desmatamento e Bem-estar da População da Amazônia Legal, examina empiricamente a relação entre o desmatamento da floresta amazônica e o bem-estar da população local, mensurando os impactos sobre o bem-estar de uma redução da área desmatada. Utilizou-se o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal - IDH-M como indicador de bem-estar. Para isso, com base nos dados em nível municipal do Censo Agropecuário de 1995 foi estimada, para cada estado, uma função de produção Cobb-Douglas com três fatores de produção: terra, capital e trabalho. Com a função de produção e por meio do método de programação não-linear, verificou-se a dimensão do impacto no PIB agropecuário e do agronegócio quando há uma restrição na utilização do fator terra. Com base nos novos valores para o PIB calculou-se o índice de renda, que combinado com os índices de educação e longevidade produziram um novo IDH-M para alguns estados da Amazônia. Os resultados apontam que há alterações pequenas no IDH-M, apesar de bastante expressivas no nível de renda, quando se adotam restrições para a utilização da terra.
The thesis analysis Amazonian Region\'s deforestation, highlighting its unequal evolution among the Amazonian states and points out its causes as well as evaluates the impacts on welfare if the deforestation is reduced. The thesis is organized in three articles following the nonconversional form allowed by \"Luiz de Queiroz\" College of Agriculture. The first article, Amazonian region\'s Ocupation Process and its deforestation - basing on the literature review and on published dataset and following the time chronology of the events since the Portuguese colonization - analyzes the stages of Amazonian region development and its consequent deforestation, highlighting the policies addressing to foster the Amazon\'s development and the current stage of economic activities. The population growth and the economic activities, pointed out as the main causes of the Amazonian deforestation and stimulated by economic policies, have been unequally developed inside the Amazonian region, generating the unequal deforestation process among the Amazonian states and inside each state. The second article, Recent Determinants of Legal Amazonian Region\'s Deforestation, evaluates, by using econometric procedures, the causes of deforestation normally emphasized by the literature and considering the time period from 2000 to 2004. The analysis is conducted for the entire Amazonian region and for each of its nine states and using municipal dataset. All explanatory variables except roundwood extraction and expenses in agriculture showed statistically significant to explain deforestation in the entire Amazonian Region. However, the same does not take place for each Amazonian state, what explains the unequal deforestation among them. By the end, the paper suggests some policies to restrain deforestation. The third article, The Analysis of Relationship Between Deforestation and Population Welfare in the Legal Amazonian Region, examines the empirical relationship between Amazonian rainforest deforestation and local population welfare, measuring the impact on welfare if the deforestation area is reduced. A Municipal Human Development Index - IDH-M was used to measure welfare. Using 1995 Agriculture Census dataset, a Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated considering three production inputs: capital, land and labor. Applying a nonlinear programming method on the results came from the production function, the impacts of land constraints on agriculture and agribusiness incomes could be calculated, generating a new value of income for each Amazonian state. Combining the new values of income with education and life indexes, a new IDM-H was estimated for some Amazonian states. The results point out IDM-H has small reductions, despite of significant reductions on some states\' income, if some restrains were established on arable land use.

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Barbosa, Filho Roberto Alexandre Alves. "Clonagem, sequenciamento e estudos moleculares do genoma de HPV 16 isolado na Amazônia." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2010. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3630.

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The Human papillomavirus is responsible for lesions in the oral mucosa, anal and urogenital tract of male and female, transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected skin or through sexual intercourse. In women these infections can progress to cervical cancer, which is estimated incidence for the Northern region in 2010 was the largest in Brazil. The nature of the infection depends on the degree of integration of viral DNA with host DNA linked primarily to genes of oncoproteins E6 and E7 of HPV. The determination of the viral types can be held from differences in the viral capsid L1 gene and the variants of a particular type of HPV can be identified through the study of viral non-coding region. Currently the development of prophylactic vaccines against HPV particles using "pseudo-viral" formed by the L1 protein of different subtypes of high risk, while a growing number of studies that use the oncoproteins E6 and E7 in the development of therapeutic vaccines. However, it is necessary for the development of such antiviral vaccines also consider the great diversity of variants of HPV types exist, since differences between the genomic regions of these variants may influence the degree of their infections. This paper describes the complete genome sequence of a variant of HPV 16, detected in Amazonian region, using techniques of genetic engineering and the analysis of this genome by bioinformatics tools. It was observed by analysis of genetic distance that the genome of this variant has a genetic proximity of those identified in the literature as "African variants, and phylogenetic analysis, performed from the non-coding region, support this hypothesis. In addition, several mutations were detected in the genome and obtained, resulting in changes in the positions and number of restriction sites in its sequence. The major differences between the genetic regions of the genome sequenced and the corresponding variants in Africa have been observed over E7. It is expected, with that work, look for future research projects involving protein expression and genomic analysis of HPV in the Amazon region to the regional peculiarities in variants and provide a concise and complete reference on the genome of HPV 16 in the region.
O Papillomavirus Humano é responsável por lesões na mucosa oral, anal e do trato urogenital masculino e feminino, transmitidas por contato direto ou indireto com a pele infectada ou através de relações sexuais. Na mulher essas infecções podem evoluir para um câncer de colo do útero, cuja estimativa de incidência para a região Norte no ano de 2010 foi a maior do Brasil. A natureza das infecções depende do grau de integração do DNA viral com o DNA do hospedeiro associada, principalmente, aos genes das oncoproteínas E6 e E7 do HPV. A determinação dos tipos virais pode ser realizada a partir de diferenças no gene L1 do capsídeo viral e as variantes de um determinado tipo de HPV podem ser identificadas por meio do estudo da Região Não Codificadora viral. Atualmente o desenvolvimento de vacinas profiláticas contra o HPV utiliza partículas pseudo-virais formadas pela proteína L1 de tipos virais de alto risco, enquanto cresce o número de estudos que utilizam as oncoproteínas E6 e E7 no desenvolvimento de vacinas terapêuticas. Contudo, é necessário que o desenvolvimento de tais vacinas antivirais também considere a grande diversidade das variantes dos tipos de HPV existentes, uma vez que diferenças entre as regiões genômicas dessas variantes podem influenciar o grau de suas infecções. Este trabalho descreve o sequenciamento completo do genoma de uma variante do HPV 16, detectado no Estado do Amazonas, utilizando técnicas de Engenharia Genética, bem como a análise desse genoma por ferramentas de Bioinformática. Observou-se, pela análise de distâncias genéticas, que o genoma dessa variante apresenta grande proximidade genética dos exemplares identificados na literatura como variantes africanas , e as análises filogenéticas, realizadas a partir da Região Não Codificadora, reforçam essa hipótese. Além disso, também foram detectadas várias mutações ao longo do genoma obtido, resultando em alterações nas posições e na quantidade de sítios de restrição de sua sequência. As maiores diferenças entre as regiões gênicas do genoma sequenciado e as correspondentes nas variantes africanas foram observadas ao longo de E7. Espera-se, com esse trabalho, atentar os futuros projetos de pesquisa que envolvam expressão de proteínas e análises genômicas de HPV na região amazônica para as peculiaridades existentes nas variantes regionais e fornecer uma referência concisa e completa sobre o genoma do HPV 16 na região.

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Vasconcelos, Pollyane da Silva Ports Marçal de 1985. "Compostos fenólicos e potencial antioxidante de ervas consumidas na região amazônica brasileira." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254810.

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Orientador: Marcelo Alexandre Prado
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Nos últimos anos, o consumo de chás aumentou significativamente em função da divulgação dos benefícios à saúde, provenientes da sua ingestão, sendo considerado importante na dieta devido ao elevado potencial antioxidante. No entanto, os estudos sobre o teor de compostos com propriedades antioxidantes encontrados em chás brasileiros são escassos. Devido a estudos que comprovam a presença de fitoquímicos bioativos em chás, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais (CFT), flavonóides totais (FT) e a capacidade antioxidante (DPPH¿ e ß-Caroteno/ linoleato) das infusões de 9 ervas provenientes da Região Amazônica: Agirú (Chrysobalanus icaco), Açoita-cavalo (Luehea speciosa), Capim-santo (Cymbopogon citratus), Erva-cidreira (Lippia alba), Graviola (Annona muricata), Jucá (Caesalpinia ferrea), Pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia forticata), Parirí (Arrabidaea chica) e Sacaca comum (Croton spp). Além disso, os compostos fenólicos presentes nos extratos metanólicos das folhas de três espécies foram separados e quantificados pela técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) acoplado ao detector de arranjo de diodos (DAD). A metodologia analítica consistiu de uma extração aquosa (infusão) para análise de compostos fenólicos e flavonóides totais, bem como para as análises de atividade antioxidante. Para análise por CLAE, os compostos fenólicos foram extraídos com metanol, seguida de hidrólise ácida, com o objetivo de liberar as formas agliconas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, em relação aos compostos fenólicos totais, das nove infusões analisadas, três apresentaram os maiores teores: C. férrea (721,08 mg EAG/g), L. speciosa (540,90 mg EAG/g) e C. icaco (497,79 mg EAG/g). Por outro lado, para flavonóides totais, a erva L. speciosa e a L. alba foram as que apresentaram os maiores teores (12,80 e 15,42 mg EC/g, respectivamente). Para as análise de antioxidantes pelos método citados, o Jucá (C. férrea), foi o que obteve o maior resultado. As amostras que apresentaram o maior teor de compostos fenólicos totais, foram posteriormente analisadas por CLAE; Para efeito comparativo, o chá verde comercial (Camellia sinensis) também foi analisado por CLAE. Os resultados obtidos da identificação e quantificação foram, em mg.g-1 para cada uma das amostras: Agirú (ácido gálico 0,45, miricetina 0,78 e quercetina 0,14); Açoita-cavalo ((+)- catequina 1,20 e quercetina 0,14); Jucá (ácido gálico 0,59 e quercetina 0,13); Chá-verde (ácido gálico 0,24, (-)- epicatequina 2,44, (+)- catequina 0,68 e quercetina 0,66). Para as ervas estudadas o Jucá foi o que se destacou, apresentando o maior teor para análise de compostos fenólicos totais e potencial antioxidante para as metodologias aplicadas, o que indica seu possível benefício à saúde o que pode estimular novos estudos sobre a caracterização mais aprofundada sobre seus constituintes
Abstract: In recent years, consumption of tea has increased significantly as a result of the health benefits derived from those ingestion. Moreover, tea has been considered important in the diet because of the high antioxidant potential. However, there is a lack of studies on the content of compounds with antioxidant properties found in Brazilian teas. Due to some studies that have proved the presence of these bioactive phytochemicals in tea, this work aimed to evaluate the content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH ¿ and ß-carotene / linoleate) of 9 herbs infusions from the Amazon region: Agirú (Chrysobalanus icaco), Aloita-cavalo (Luehea speciosa), Capimsanto (Luehea speciosa), Herb (Lippia alba), Graviola (Annona muricata), Juca (Caesalpinia ferrea), Pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia forticata), Parirí (Arrabidaea chica) and common Sacaca (Croton spp.) Furthermore, the phenolic compounds present in methanol extracts of the leaves of three species were separated and quantified by liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD). The analytical methodology consisted in aqueous extraction (infusion) for the analysis of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as for the analysis of antioxidant activity. For HPLC analysis, the phenolic compounds were extracted with methanol, followed by acid hydrolysis in order to release the aglycone forms. Based on the results obtained for total phenolic compounds, from the nine infusions assayed, three showed the highest levels: C. férrea (669,94 mg GAE/g¿1), C. icaco (494,13 mg GAE/g¿1) and L. speciosa (459,23 mg GAE/g¿1). On the other hand, for total flavonoids, L. speciosa and L. alba herbs showed the highest content (12,85 and 15.42 mg CE/g¿1, respectively). For the capacity antioxidant analysis by the mentioned methods, Jucá (C. férrea) has showed higher values. The samples that exhibited higher levels for total phenolic compounds were analyzed by HPLC: Agirú (Chrysobalanus icaco), Açoita-cavalo (Luehea speciosa) and Jucá (Caesalpinia ferrea). For comparative purposes, commercial green tea (Camellia sinensis) was also analyzed by HPLC. The results for phenolic compounds identification and quantification were, in mg.g¿1 for each sample: Agirú (0.45 of gallic acid, 0,78 of quercetin and 0,14 of myricetin); Açoita-cavalo (1,20 of (+)-catechin and 0,14 of quercetin), Jucá (0,59 of gallic acid and 0,13 of quercetin), and green tea (0,24 of gallic acid, 2,44 of (-)-epicatechin, 0,68 of (+)¿catechin and 0,66 of quercetin). For the herbs studied, Jucá was the most remarkable one, presenting the highest levels for the total phenolic compounds content and for the antioxidant potential by the applied methodologies, which indicates their potential health benefits that can stimulate new studies on the further characterization of their constituents
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

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Sousa, Hertz Rebelo de. "Estudo das coberturas dos hotéis de selva do Estado do Amazonas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18131/tde-14052018-091825/.

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Com o crescimento do ecoturismo no Brasil, iniciaram a ser implantados vários empreendimentos turísticos na Amazônia, principalmente nas proximidades da cidade de Manaus, este acontecimento fez com que a utilização de recursos naturais disponíveis na região, como folhas de palmeiras nativas e espécies de madeira, voltassem a ter grande emprego como material de revestimento nas coberturas destas edificações. E em contrapartida, raros são os estudos das variáveis que interferem no projeto, na aplicação e na manutenção destes materiais na construção civil. Em vista disto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de fazer um resgate sistemático das técnicas construtivas das coberturas de alguns Hotéis de Selva visitados no Estado do Amazonas. Entrevistas com construtores locais, observações das construções \"in loco\" e a análise das bibliografias levantadas, ajudaram a identificar os principais problemas encontrados, propondo a partir daí alternativas de detalhes projetuais e de execução, diretrizes de manutenção e reparos para garantir um maior desempenho destas envoltórias frente aos impactos da agressividade da Floresta Amazônica, tendo como parâmetros fundamentais a Exeqüibilidade e a Durabilidade do sistema escolhido garantindo assim uma maior adequação da edificação ao meio-ambiente em questão.
With the increase of the Brazilian ecotourism start to be implantated many ecolodges in the Amazonian Forest (especially nearby Manaus City), this happening brought back the large utilization of natural resource disposables on the region, like native palm leaves and several wood species, for the roof sheathing of these tropical hotels, on the other hand, there are very few technic studies about the variables that interfere on the architectonic project, the aplication and the maintenance of these constructive materials. In this aspect, this work has the purpose to make a systematic ransom of the vernacular constructive technics that were used on some hotels existing in the Amazonas State. From the bibliographies that were consulted, the interviews made with the constructors and from the observations of the lodges\' roofs on site, helped to identity the main problems that were found, proposing from then alternatives of projectual and constructive details, maintainable and treatment directives to ensure a better durability of the roofs against the impacts of the environment\'s aggressiveness, having as fundamental parameters the buildbility and the durability of the constructive system chosen and assuring a greater adaptation of the edification at the Amazon too.

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Globo, William Vieira. "Primeiro registro de macroflora do Pleistoceno Final nas margens do rio Teles Pires, MT, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/174209.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar o reconhecimento taxonômico de folhas fósseis de angiospermas, as quais foram recuperadas pelo salvamento paleontológico realizado no âmbito do Programa Investigação, Monitoramento e Salvamento do Patrimônio Paleontológico da UHE Teles Pires. Os depósitos fossilíferos, encontrados em amostras de argilitos laminados, situavam-se no atual leito e terraços (diques marginais) do rio Teles Pires, dentro da área destinada ao reservatório. Na base do afloramento fitofossilífero estudado, restos vegetais em clastos de lama retrabalhados apresentaram idade absoluta entre 22.580 e 23.290 anos AP, obtida por método de radiocarbono (14C). Para a presente contribuição, foram selecionados para determinação taxonômica 27 espécimes, preservados na forma de impressões e compressões. Através da análise e descrição da arquitetura foliar dos espécimes foram identificadas uma monocotiledônea e sete eudicotiledôneas (Albizia subdimidiata e Parkia multijuga, da Família Fabaceae; Brosimum cf. gaudichaudii, da Família Moraceae; Theobroma speciosum e Apeiba sp., da Família Malvaceae; Aspidosperma cf. polyneuron, da Família Apocynaceae, e um espécime atribuído à Família Myrtaceae – Tribo Myrtae). A composição florística dos táxons analisados, juntamente com a distribuição geográfica dos seus representantes atuais e seus respectivos hábitos e hábitats, acusou a predominância de elementos florísticos tipicamente da Floresta Amazônica, sob regime de clima úmido. Porém, duas espécies que podem ocorrer em vegetação de savana foram assinaladas (i.é, Aspidosperma cf. polyneuron, Brosimum cf. gaudichaudii).
This work aims at the taxonomic recognition of fossil leaves of angiosperms, which were recovered by the paleontological rescue carried out under the Program Research, Monitoring and Salvage of the Paleontological Heritage of the Teles Pires Hydroelectric Power Plant. The fossiliferous deposits, found in samples of laminated argillite, were located in the current bed and terraces (marginal dikes) of the Teles Pires River, inside the area destined to the water reservoir. At the base of the studied phytophossiliferous outcrop, vegetal remains in reworked mud clasts presented absolute age between 22,580 and 23,290 years BP, through the dating obtained by radiocarbon method (14C). For the present contribution, 27 specimens, preserved in the form of impressions and compressions, were selected for taxonomic determination. A monocotyledonous and seven eudycotyledonous (Albizia subdimidiata and Parkia multijuga, of the Family Fabaceae, Brosimum cf. gaudichaudii, of the Family Moraceae, Theobroma speciosum and Apeiba sp., of the Family Malvaceae, Aspidosperma cf. polyneuron, of the Family Apocynaceae, and a specimen attributed to the Family Myrtaceae - Tribe Myrtae) were identified through the analysis and description of the foliar architecture of the specimens. The floristic composition of the analyzed taxa, together with the geographical distribution of their current representatives and their respective habitats and habits, accused the predominance of floristic elements typically found in the Amazon Rainforest, under a humid climate regime. However, two species that may occur in savanna vegetation have been identified (i.e., Aspidosperma cf. polyneuron, Brosimum cf. gaudichaudii).

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Andrade, Lene da Silva. "Variabilidade decadal da zona de convergência intertropical e sua influência na pluviosidade da região norte do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/855.

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The present work focused on the possible influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the positioning and intensity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during its annual cycle over the Atlantic Ocean and its impact in the rainfall totals in the northern South American continent. For this purpose, the mean annual fields of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), sea surface temperature (SST), omega (ω), meridional wind (V) and precipitation rate (P) of Reanalysis data sets (NCEP/NCAR) were analysed. In addition, observed rainfall monthly mean series (INMET and HIDROWEB), the University of Delawere (UDEL) rainfall, interpolated in a 0.5°x0.5° grid, and the PDO indices found in the NOAA/ESRL/PSD site were used to support the analyses. The results were visualized with applets available in the ESRL/PSD/NOAA s site as well as GrADS software. The records period 1948-2005 was divided into PDO cold phase (1948-1976), warm phase (1977- 1998) and current phase (1999-2005), which was used to verify the climate tendency of the last seven years. The results suggested that the ITCZ remained farther north of its mean position during the PDO cold phase. Apparently, the ascending branch of the Hadley Cell was displaced farther north and the descendent branch of the Walker Circulation positioned farther west of their normal positions. This pattern led to a rainfall reduction in parts of Amazonia. In the PDO cold phase, the normalized rainfall indices showed a more noticeable rainfall reduction (increase) western (eastern) of 52°W, in the State of Pará. In the PDO warm phase, opposite circulation patterns and higher climate variability were observed. The results suggested that the PDO, in general, modified the SST patterns in the Atlantic and, as a consequence, the positioning and intensity of the ITCZ. There are evidences that the PDO is experiencing a new cold phase. Thus, one expects that the ITCZ and the Amazonian rainfall present a similar behaviour of previous cold phase. Particular attention should be paid to the Brazilian States of Roraima and Maranhão, eastern Pará State and western Amazonas State, including Colombia, Venezuela e north-eastern Bolivia, that may experience a sensible rainfall reduction during the next 10 years. Another relevant result was relative to a possible enhancement of convection and rainfall over the southern Saharan region (Sahel), Africa, during the present PDO phase. It was noticed that it rained more in the region till 1975, when the SST anomalies of Equatorial Guinea Gulf were negative and the wind south component was stronger. These conditions seem to be returning.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
No presente trabalho dissertou-se sobre as possíveis influências da Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (ODP) no posicionamento e intensidade da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) em seu ciclo anual sobre o Oceano Atlântico e seus impactos na precipitação do norte da América do Sul. Para tanto, foram utilizados os campos médios de radiação de ondas longas emergentes (ROLE), temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM), omega, vento meridional e precipitação, elaborados a partir do conjunto de dados de Reanalises do NCEP/NCAR, além de índices de ODP do ESRL/PSD/NOAA e séries temporais da precipitação média observada de postos pluviométricos (INMET and HIDROWEB) e a interpolada pela University of Delawere (UDEL) numa grade de 0,5°x0,5°. Os aplicativos disponíveis no site do ESRL/PSD/NOAA, bem como o GrADS, foram utilizados para visualizar os resultados das análises. O período de 1948 a 2005, correspondendo às fases fria (1948- 1976), quente (1977- 1998) e atual (1999- 2005) da ODP, foi tomado como base, este último tendo sido utilizado para verificar tendências climáticas contemporâneas. Os resultados indicaram que, durante a fase fria da ODP, a ZCIT esteve mais ao norte de sua posição climatológica. O ramo ascendente da célula de Hadley permaneceu mais deslocado para norte e o descendente da circulação de Walker mais deslocado para oeste. Essa configuração foi responsável pelo decréscimo da precipitação observado em parte da Amazônia. Os índices de precipitação padronizada (IPP) mostraram redução (aumento) mais acentuada da chuva a oeste (leste) de 52°W, no Estado do Pará. Durante a fase quente da ODP, foram observadas configurações opostas e maior variabilidade climática interanual. De maneira geral, as análises mostraram que a ODP mudou a configuração das TSM no Atlântico e influenciou o posicionamento e intensidade da ZCIT. Sugeriram, também, que a ODP parece estar experimentando sua nova fase fria. Com base nesses resultados, espera-se que a ZCIT e a precipitação, apresentem variabilidade semelhante à fase fria anterior. Dessa forma, particular atenção, deve ser atribuída a regiões dos Estados de Roraima, Oeste do Amazonas, leste do Pará e Maranhão, além da Colômbia, Venezuela e nordeste da Bolívia, que deverão sofrer redução em sua precipitação média nos próximos 10 a 15 anos. Outro resultado relevante diz respeito aumento da convecção e precipitação que poderá ocorrer no Sul do Deserto de Sahara (Sahel), África, ao longo da atual fase da ODP. Nessa região, foi notado que choveu mais até 1975, quando o Golfo da Guiné apresentou anomalias negativas de TSM e a componente sul do vento esteve mais forte.Aparentemente, essas condições estão retornando.

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Zhang, Yan. "Influence of biomass burning aerosol on land-atmosphere interactions over Amazonia." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07122005-120105/.

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Bernardino, Aline Sales. "Flutuação populacional da broca-da-coroa-foliar Eupalamides cyparissias (Lepidoptera: Castiniidae) em plantios de dendê (Elaeis guineensis) no estado do Pará." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4013.

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Eupalamides cyparissias (Fabricius, 1776) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) which synonymies are Castnia daedalus, Cyparissius daedalus, Eupalamides daedalus, Lapaeumides daedalus and Cyparissius daedalus is one of the most important insect pest in oil palm culture. This species causes severe damage to palm oil and coconut production in the State of Pará, Brazil and it is characterized by a wing span from 17 to 21 cm and by damage to coconut and palm oil plantations besides to other native palm trees of the Amazonian region. The strategies of controlling this pest have low efficiency and their generations overlap during the year. Therefore, the objective was to study the population fluctuation of E. cyparissias based on data of caterpillars, pupae and adults of E. cyparissias collected from September 2002 to January 2007. Data on capture of this insect were obtained on plantations of oil palm of the Agroindustrial Complex of Agropalma in the municipalities of Thailand, Pará State distant 80 Km from the capital Belém. Climate data were obtained in meteorological stations of this company. Four independent analyses were done to verify the influence of environmental factors and the probability of occurrence/survival of caterpillars (L1, L2 and L3), pupae and adults of E. cyparissias. The relative humidity, rainfall, thermal amplitude and mean temperature were the variables that affected the occurrence of the different stages of E. cyparissias. These initial studies give an idea of the period of occurrence of the different stages of this insect, but additional ones are necessary to determine population increase and reduction of this species in the field.
A broca-da-coroa-foliar Eupalamides cyparissiass (Fabricius,1776) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) cujas sinonímias são Castnia daedalus, e Cyparissius daedalus, Eupalamides daedalus, Lapaeumides daedalus, Cyparissius daedalus, destaca-se entre as espécies de insetos-praga mais importantes para a cultura do dendê. Essa espécie causa danos severos à produção de dendê e coco no Estado do Pará caracterizando-se pela envergadura de asas de 17 a 21 cm e pelos prejuízos aos cultivos de coco, dendê e outras palmeiras nativas da região Amazônica. As estratégias de controle dessa praga são pouco eficientes e suas gerações se sobrepõe-se. Por isso, o objetivo deste foi apresentar um estudo sobre a flutuação populacional de E. cyparissias, a partir de dados de captura de lagartas, pupas e adultos de setembro 2002 a janeiro de 2007. Os dados de captura foram coletados em plantios de dendê do Complexo Agroindustrial do Grupo Agropalma, situado no município de Tailândia, Pará, a 180 Km da capital Belém e os dados climáticos foram obtidos de medições feitas em estações meteorológicas da empresa. Foram realizadas quatro análises independentespara se verificar os fatores ambientais que influenciavam a probabilidade de ocorrência/sobrevivência de lagartas (L1, L2 e L3), pupas e adultos desse inseto. A umidade relativa, pluviosidade, amplitude térmica e temperatura média foram as variáveis que influenciaram a ocorrência das diferentes fases do ciclo de E. cyparissias. Estes estudos iniciais dão uma idéia do período de ocorrência das diferentes fases desse inseto, mas estudos adicionais são necessários para se determinar o aumento e redução de sua população no campo.

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Pereira, Sinedei de Moura. "Região Amazonica : estrutura e dinamica na economia de Rondonia (1970-2003)." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285434.

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Orientador: Carlos Antonio Brandão
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar a estrutura e dinâmica na economia de Rondônia no período 1970-2005. Nele são analisadas a natureza e a trajetória do desenvolvimento de Rondônia, incorporando como eixo analítico uma discussão sobre o seu processo histórico de crescimento econômico. Nessa periodização há uma conformação de dois subperíodos: o período da colonização agrícola e o período do chamado desenvolvimento sustentável. Em linhas gerais, a tese apresenta os antecedentes históricos do desenvolvimento amazônico e o desdobramento desse processo em Rondônia até o presente milênio. Ao final, aponta sugestões para a formulação de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional para a Amazônia e para Rondônia
Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyze the structure and dynamics of the economy in the State of Rondonia in the period 1970 ¿ 2005. We analyze the nature and trajectory of the development in Rondonia, taking as an analytical focus its historical process of economic growth. In this period, there are two sub-periods: the agriculture colonization and the sustainable development. In general terms, the thesis presents the historical background of Amazonia Development and the transformations of this process up to the present time in Rondonia. In the end, we appoint some suggestions to the formulation of public policies of regional development for Amazonia and Rondonia
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Doutor em Economia Aplicada

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Carvalheiro, Katia. "Community fire management in the Maraba Region, Brazilian Amazonia." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005582.

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Pinedo, Amacifuen Dulhy Carolina. "Enfoque de género en el Programa Nacional de Conservación de Bosques para la Mitigación del Cambio Climático. Análisis de su implementación en la comunidad Kichwa Copal Sacha y la comunidad Awajun Shimpiyacu." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/16158.

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Tafur, Chávez María Paula Ximena. "Hacia donde nos lleva el barro : regímenes de valor y trayectorias de la cerámica Kichwa Lamista." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15379.

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Reynal, Vincent de. "Agricultures en front pionnier amazonien (region de maraba / para, bresil)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAP0013.

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Cette etude vise a comprendre les mecanismes d'evolution des agricultures sur un front pionnier afin notamment d'y apprecier les chances de perennisation de l'agriculture familiale. Riche en produits de la foret et en minerais, la region de maraba est situee a une position de contact entre les poles economiques du centre-sud bresilien, le bassin de main-d'uvre du nord-est et les denses forets de l'interieur ou se sont refugies certains peuples amerindiens. L'histoire nous permet de connaitre la colonisation de la region avant la construction des routes, puis de restituer, tout au long du front pionnier, contexte national, groupes sociaux en presence et avantages respectifs. Sur une zone de 30 000 km 2 on reconstitue la transformation de l'espace depuis la construction des routes (1970) jusqu'aux annees recentes. Trois niveaux d'organisation sont privilegies, le regional, le local et l'exploitation agricole, en prenant en compte pour chacun d'eux dynamiques et articulations avec leurs environnements respectifs. La terre appropriee se valorise de facon differenciee dans l'espace et dans le temps ; les innombrables situations et etats des exploitations, des localites, et de la region forment ensemble une riche mosaique offrant une gamme etendue d'alternatives aux plus demunis comme aux mieux pourvus. Durant les 25 premieres annees, l'environnement politique tant regional que national ne permet pas a l'agriculture familiale de tenir tete aux secteurs patronal et capitaliste. Malgre une amelioration generale du niveau de vie des familles, seules quelques exploitations bien dotees se maintiennent. Dans le meme temps, de nombreuses terres sous-exploitees du secteur capitaliste passent sous le controle du secteur familial ; l'appui recent de l'etat federal a l'agriculture familiale de ces dernieres annees dans un contexte regional autre offre un cadre plus favorable a la perennisation de la paysannerie.

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Villanes, Rojas Sandro Pedro. "Cómo impacta el Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (TCA) y la Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (OTCA) en el establecimiento de un futuro régimen Amazónico." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12742.

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Este trabajo de investigación se focalizará en vislumbrar el establecimiento de un futuro régimen amazónico, teniendo como punto de partida el TCA y la OTCA, los mismos que de cierta forma en su origen y concepción contiene las características que son necesarias para determinar un régimen internacional y en este caso sería un régimen de un aérea natural que es la Amazonía. El objetivo es analizar el impacto del TCA y la OTCA como determinantes para establecer un futuro régimen amazónico. En ese sentido, se requiere no sólo determinar el impacto del TCA y la OTCA para establecer un régimen internacional o un régimen para una área natural, sino también analizar el marco teórico de las relaciones internacionales con respecto a los regímenes internacionales, los hechos históricos de la Amazonia, otros regímenes similares como es la Antártida y el mar Mediterráneo, los actores en torno a la situación amazónica, las amenazas a la región amazónica y los intereses manifiestos y ocultos en la amazonia, los cuales finalmente nos brindarán una lectura del régimen amazónico. Este trabajo de investigación desarrolla siete capítulos. Y como resultado tenemos que el TCA y la OTCA impactan directa y significativamente en el establecimiento del régimen amazónico como también para una determinada área natural, en este caso la Amazonia. Asimismo, esta investigación servirá como una fuente más de consulta para la mejora del rol del Perú en el orden regional y mundial vigente, y teniendo como marco el cambio climático al ser la amazonia un área natural de importancia global.
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Luizao, Flavio J. "Ecological studies in contrasting forest types in central Amazonia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2160.

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Most of the Amazonia is covered by the lowland evergreen rain forest (LERF) formation. A small proportion of the region (5-6% in total) is covered by heath forest, which is particularly common in the Rio Negro basin on Spodosols - white sand soils with a layer of mor humus. The smaller facies of heath forest (SHF) is called 'Camping' in Brazil and often lacks the mor humus; the taller facies (TBF) is called 'Campinarana'. The present study was made in central Amazonia, on a gradient from SHF through THF to well developed LERF. Soil, vegetation, and nutrient dynamics were studied in three 50 m x 50m plots in each type of forest. Litterfall was measured during one year and litter standing crop was measured three times a year. Three decomposition experiments, using bagged leaf litter, were made using leaves of two common species from the heath forests and one from the LERF. Fertiliser addition experiments in the field and in the laboratory were carried out to determine the potential nutrient limitations for plants in the three forest types. Annual litterfall was highest in the dry season and was 3.8 t ha-1 yr-1 in the SHF, 6.3 t ha-1 yr-1 in the THF and 7.8 t ha-1 yr-1 in the LERF. The rates of weight loss of the enclosed leaf litter were most rapid in the LERF and slowest in the SHF. The leaves of the LERF species Clitoria racemosa decomposed faster than those of the heath forest species. Fine roots penetrating litter-bags differed significantly among forest types and leaf species, and increased the decay rates. There were no significant differences in decomposition rates between the wet and dry season experiments. Significant differences in the release of chemical elements were observed: higher immobilization of iron and aluminium in the LERF; higher potassium and copper release in THF; and lower calcium, but higher boron release rates in SHF. Significantly higher immobilization of iron and aluminium (mainly in LERF) was found in bags penetrated by fine roots, while release of magnesium, calcium, manganese and zinc was significantly increased by fine roots, particularly in the TI-IF. Leaf mass loss and nutrient release were mostly controlled by abiotic factors in the SHF, but organisms were more active in the THF and LERF. Diplopoda were the dominant decomposers, particularly in the THF. Fertiliser addition showed an overall positive effect of liming, especially in heath forest soils. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions did not induce higher biomass production, while calcium chloride addition invariably induced a high mortality. 11÷ ion toxicity, together with a higher concentration of soil phenolics are suggested as causes of the poor growth in the heath forests, but in the SHF, where it lacks mor humus, limitation by nutrients, especially basic cations, may occur.

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Gálvez, Agüero Daniel Emilio, Winder Alvaro Eduardo Poggi, Saavedra Paola Virginia Salcedo, and Chapa Katerinne Amor Seijo. "Planeamiento estratégico para la región Amazonas." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12436.

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La Región Amazonas tiene como principal fuente económica el sector agropecuario, debido a su alta variedad de climas y pisos ecológicos. Asimismo, la región destaca también por sus importantes atractivos turísticos, que no han sido adecuadamente promocionados a causa, fundamentalmente, de la falta de infraestructura de acceso que le permita ser valorada dentro del turismo nacional y extranjero, como parte del circuito turístico de la selva peruana. Considerando estas sustanciales ventajas competitivas, se puede determinar que la región Amazonas cuenta con el potencial necesario para remontar en un período de diez años, los indicadores sociales que actualmente la mantienen rezagada a nivel nacional. En el análisis externo, se ha podido identificar importantes oportunidades en las exportaciones de productos y turismo que aún la región no ha aprovechado en su máximo potencial. Con respecto a las exportaciones, el café y el cacao han demostrado tener una gran demanda internacional, que está conformada por consumidores que exigen altos niveles de calidad, a través de certificaciones reconocidas a nivel mundial y que a su vez impactan de manera positiva en los precios. El análisis interno, nos muestra la necesidad de que el Gobierno Regional realice la creación de dependencias que monitoreen y den seguimiento al cumplimiento del presente planeamiento estratégico, con la finalidad de brindar soporte a la cadena productiva, así como también al desarrollo de tecnología agrícola, inversión en los sistemas de información e inversión en infraestructura. Por lo mencionado anteriormente, se ha propuesto el desarrollo de tres industrias claves: el café, el cacao y el turismo. El incremento de la oferta exportable, a través de una efectiva cadena productiva y exportadora de café y cacao brindará las sólidas bases para el crecimiento económico que necesita la región; así como también, la mejora en infraestructura e interconexión vial hará posible que el turismo de la región sea considerado uno de los principales referentes a nivel nacional. Estas tres actividades, adecuadamente enfocadas con las estrategias que se han planteado llevarán a la Región Amazonas a conseguir los ingresos que requiere para alcanzar la visión que se establece en el presente Planeamiento Estratégico para el año 2027. De esta manera, se mejorará las condiciones de vida de los pobladores amazonenses, quienes contarán con acceso a servicios de salud, nutrición y educación de calidad
The Amazon Region due to its high variety of climates and ecological floors has as main economic source the agricultural sector. The region also stands out for its important tourist attractions, which have not been adequately promoted, mainly because of the lack of access infrastructure that allows it to be valued within national and foreign tourism as part of the tourist circuit of the Peruvian jungle. Considering these substantial competitive advantages, it can be determined that the Amazon region has the potential to overcome the social indicators that currently keep it behind at a national level over a period of ten years. In the external analysis, it has been possible to identify important opportunities in the exports of products and tourism that even the region has not taken advantage of in its maximum potential. With respect to exports, coffee and cocoa have shown a high international demand, which is made up of consumers who demand high levels of quality, through certifications recognized worldwide and which in turn have a positive impact on the prices. The internal analysis shows us the need for the Regional Government to create the dependencies that monitor and monitor the fulfillment of this strategic planning, with the purpose of supporting the productive chain, as well as the development of agricultural technology, investment in information systems and investment in infrastructure. Due to the aforementioned, the development of three key industries has been proposed: coffee, cocoa and tourism. The increase of the exportable supply, through an effective productive and exporting chain of coffee and cocoa will provide the solid bases for the economic growth that the region needs; as well as, the improvement in infrastructure and road interconnection will make it possible for tourism in the region to be considered one of the main references at the national level. These three activities, appropriately focused on the strategies that have been proposed, will lead the Amazon Region to obtain the income it needs to achieve the vision established in this Strategic Planning for the year 2027. In this way, the conditions of life of the Amazonian settlers, who will have access to quality health, nutrition and education services.
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Calderón, Vera José, Chávez Cristhian Castro, Medina Jorge Dávalos, and Atanacio Carlos Hernández. "Planeamiento estratégico de la región Amazonas." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14843.

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El presente plan estratégico tiene como principal objetivo el proponer estrategias que permitan a la Región Amazonas para el año 2025 alcanzar la visión propuesta que permitirá fortalecer los niveles de salud, educación e ingreso por habitante; siendo el turismo, la producción del café y la interconexión vial, los principales pilares para lograrlo. La Región Amazonas durante el periodo 2014 ocupó el puesto 21 de competitividad en el Perú de 24 regiones, viéndose reflejado dicho resultado en los bajos niveles de salud, educación e ingreso por habitante que presenta la región. Como parte de la primera etapa del plan estratégico se ha realizado una evaluación interna y externa de la región. Esta evaluación permitió poder determinar los intereses de la región, siendo estos: (a) posicionar a la región como un destino turístico, (b) disminuir el nivel de pobreza, (c) mejorar la educación, (d) mejorar los niveles de salud, (e) incrementar la productividad del café, y (f) mejorar la infraestructura vial. Asimismo, se han identificado seis objetivos a largo plazo (cada uno ligado a los intereses) que nos permitirá alcanzar la visión para el año 2025. Finalmente, a través de la elaboración de diversas matrices se han identificado siete estrategias (seis retenidas y una de contingencia). Ya en la segunda y tercera etapa del plan estratégico se han identificado objetivos de corto plazo e indicadores de gestión que permitirán alcanzar los objetivos de largo plazo y por ende la visión. Finalmente, se ha identificado la oportunidad de generar clusters en las actividades relacionadas con la producción y comercialización del café y en el sector turístico. Es en el turismo que se plantea posicionar a la región como un destino de turismo arqueológico, aventura y ecológico; y para ello es importante mejorar la infraestructura vial que hoy en día presenta la región.
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Reátegui, Marchesi Ricardo Antonio. "Aproximación a la construcción de liderazgos indígenas amazónicos y su interrelación con el Estado peruano moderno. Estudio del caso del pueblo awajún con base en historias de vida de dos líderes indígenas: Santiago Manuin y Eduardo Nayap." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15235.

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Durante muchos años, la participación en política ha sido una estrategia de los pueblos de la amazonía para construir un vínculo con el Estado peruano. La formación de organizaciones de base que sirvieran de apoyo a la gestión de intereses de las poblaciones empezó a consolidar una serie de liderazgos y a construir un camino para que el líder se forme en la búsqueda de cumplir sus objetivos. De este modo, el líder se convierte en un representante de su pueblo que establece una relación con el Estado. ¿Qué sucede cuando esta relación se tensa a partir de una crisis? ¿Cómo se da el proceso para que un líder logre asumir esa representación? ¿Cómo se han transformado estos procesos en los últimos años? La gran crisis entre los pueblos de la amazonía, en este caso awajún y wampis, denominada ‘El Baguazo’, ha sido un hito fundamental. Para enteder algunas de sus consecuencias, esta tesis plantea aproximarse a los líderes indígenas que empezaron a transformar su estrategia de representación política. La construcción de su liderazgo, su estrategia de legitimación, las alianzas políticas y su imaginario sobre el Estado se integran a su religiosidad, su etnicidad, su territorio y su tradición de manera que se construye una cultura política o una cultura del liderazgo de una manera singular. Muchas tensiones futuras seguirán llevando a las organizaciones de los pueblos a establecer una relación con el Estado para lo cual es importante conocer en profundidad las lógicas que marcan el camino del líder. Esta tesis propone un breve acercamiento a algunas historias de construcción de estos liderazgos
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Stuppy, Sarah. "The Epidemiology of Snakebite Injury in the Amazonian Regions of Ecuador." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2190.

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The epidemiology of snakebite injury in the Amazonian regions of Ecuador Introduction: Morbidity and mortality from snakebite envenomations is a major public health issue in remote areas of under-developed countries. Several attempts have been made to approximate the impact of snakebites worldwide, however these are assumed to be underestimations due to the lack of documentation on the local level. Ecuador's Amazonian region lacks a comprehensive community-based surveillance system, however it is unique in that an aero-medical transport system is in place to transfer the patients requiring hospitalization to one of the five urban medical centers. Beginning in 1998, Servicio Aéreo Misional (SAM), one of the two transport companies serving three of the rural provinces, began documenting flight data including the demographics of patients and their diagnoses. Methods: The SAM database was used to conduct a retrospective study to describe the incidence, patient demographics and geographic location of snakebite injuries in three rural provinces of Ecuador. SPSS was used for frequencies and Chi squares analyses. Results: In the years 2003 to 2005 there were a total of 1,340 aero-medical transports in this region. Of those, snakebite injuries constituted 4.2% of all medical diagnoses. The majority of snakebites occurred in males (p=0.027) aged 10-29 (p<0.001) and were concentrated in the low-lying areas of the province of Morona-Santiago. Discussion: These results describe the distribution of snakebites; efforts are now underway to identify the risk factors involved in this patient population. This information would then be used to optimize prevention and treatment.

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Nasuti, Stéphanie-Caroline. "Une situation de « post-front pionnier » : le cas de la region rurale de Ciriaco (Maranhão - Brésil)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030067/document.

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Cette étude présente les composantes spatio-temporelles ayant structuré une région d’arrière-front pionnier de la frange orientale de l’Amazonie brésilienne [pré-Amazonie maranhense, Imperatriz]. Afin de saisir les conditions d’organisation du peuplement, nous cartographions les trajectoires migratoires de la première génération ayant afflué massivement dans les années soixante, que nous comparons aux actuelles stratégies de circulation des jeunes générations. L’évolution foncière, inhérente à la consolidation d’un front pionnier, s’est singularisée par diverses interventions directes de l’Etat fédéral, privilégiant tour à tour la régularisation individuelle pour rétablir la paix sociale [Getat] puis l’usufruit collectif des terres pour préserver l’environnement [aires protégées]. Nous avons reconstitué les étapes de la chaîne foncière, montrant dans quelles conditions des petits agriculteurs ont pu accéder durablement à la propriété jusqu’à l’implantation d’une réserve extractiviste, Ciriaco, cas d’étude central de ce travail. Cette opération amène la question de la modernisation des produits de l’extractivisme et de la capacité des populations rurales à s’insérer dans les circuits commerciaux. La transformation de la noix de babaçu [Orbignya spp.], activité en désuétude, exprime pourtant une identité collective forte, qui s’incarne dans un mouvement social emblématique des transformations du milieu politico-associatif rural, qui entre dans une démarche réflexive et acquiert plus d’autonomie, concourant à structurer les communautés rurales en zone de front pionnier. Cette dynamique régionale se complète par les problématiques actuelles du secteur sidérurgique, activité pionnière de fort impact, mais dont l’implantation dans les années quatre-vingts a donné une envergure nationale à la région d’Imperatriz. Aujourd’hui, pour assurer la « durabilité » de ses activités, le secteur est contraint de déployer un véritable système spatial articulé autour d’une forêt plantée d’eucalyptus, de sa transformation en charbon végétal aboutissant aux lingots de fer-gueuse
This study presents the spatial and temporal components that have led to the organization of a post pioneer front located in the oriental part of the Brazilian Amazon region [pre-Amazônia maranhense, Imperatriz]. In order to understand the settlement process of this region, we first outline a cartographic analysis of the life event and migratory movements of the first generation, who had come to the region massively in the 1960ies; second, we compare the latter with the actual circulation strategies of the younger generations. The evolution of land tenure, which is inherent to the consolidation of a settlement front, has taken place continuously by a series of direct interventions by the Federal Government, first privileging individual regularization in order to restore social peace [Getat]; then collective land use aiming at the preservation of the environment [protected areas]. In this work, we reconstruct the different steps of the land property regulation chain, in order to identify the conditions under which small farmers could become “property owners” and to show how this process ultimately led to the delimitation of the Ciriaco extractive reserve, which constitutes our main case study, . This operation leads to the question of the modernization of the extractive economy and to the capacity of rural populations to take over in trading and to develop economic circuits. If the transformation of the babassu nut [Orbignya spp.] seems to be bound to become extinct, the activity however still holds a strong collective identity, embodied in a social movement which has been emblematic of the transformations of rural politico-associative entities. They are adopting a more reflexive position, and gaining more autonomy, contributing to structure the different rural communities of the settlement front. This regional dynamics must be completed by current issues of the pig-iron sector, a pioneer activity which had a heavy impact on the region around Imperatriz but has also contributed to give it an [inter]national importance since the 1980ies. Today, in order to ensure the sustainability of its activities, the pig-iron sector is compelled to spread out a real spatial system articulated around a forest of planted eucalyptus and its transformation into charcoal and then pig-iron ingot

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Ioris, Edviges Marta. "A forest of disputes struggles over spaces, resources, and social identities in Amazonia /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012680.

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Ramírez, Colombier Marco Arturo. "Cuerpos y territorialidad del pueblo Kukama en la política contemporánea sobre la Amazonía." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12930.

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Esta investigación plantea un acercamiento al pensamiento indígena sobre el territorio, concepto central en las interacciones de los pueblos indígenas de la Amazonía con los Estados en la política contemporánea. El pueblo indígena kukama, ubicado en las llanuras inundables de la Amazonía occidental, desarrolla un conjunto de sentidos cosmológicos en las experiencias vividas de los moradores kukama y sus relaciones con otros agentes humanos y no humanos. A través de una etnografía del mundo constituido por estos sentidos y su puesta en práctica (Viveiros de Castro, 2010, pp. 200-201), conducida principalmente en comunidades nativas del río Marañón, se pretende dar cuenta de una teoría territorial compuesta por sistemas de relacionamiento entre personas y espacios-cuerpos acuáticos en un entorno en constante transformación, y la interacción de estos con una serie de dispositivos de multiculturalidad que despliega el Estado. Así, la investigación se centrará en el caso de la Hidrovía Amazónica, proyecto de infraestructura que interviene directamente en el territorio acuático y la forma indígena de conceptualizarlo. El análisis ha dialogado con las reflexiones de intelectuales, activistas y organizaciones kukama (Tello, 2014; Tello et al, 2016; ACODECOSPAT, 2015; ACODECOSPAT et al, 2015). La información etnográfica orienta a un modelo de territorialidad basado en el rol de ordenamiento de la tierra, la historia y el sentido de pertenencia que tienen los cuerpos de agua, que invita a entender el territorio como cuerpo (Echeverri, 2004). Para los kukama, aceptar la multiculturalidad estatal condiciona el reconocimiento de derechos, pese a que socavaría el desarrollo de las teorías territoriales indígenas. Esta situación permite discutir el rol de la Antropología en las relaciones Estado – pueblos indígenas, convocando a superar el papel mediador en una supuesta diferencia cultural, y dirigiéndonos a “tomar en serio” (Viveiros de Castro, 2010, p. 208) el pensamiento de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos
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Espinosa, Óscar. "Higher Education for Indigenous Peoples of the Peruvian Amazon Region: Balance and Challenges." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112547.

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En las últimas décadas, el acceso de jóvenes indígenas a la educación superior, así como la creación de universidades interculturales, han sido objeto de interés y de debate en América Latina. En el presente artículo se revisan los distintos tipos de ofertas y de experiencias de educación superior para indígenas amazónicos en el Perú implementados en los últimos años, y se busca realizar un balance sobre los logros alcanzados y las posibilidades reales de oferta de una educación superior intercultural. El presente trabajo es fruto del análisis y estudio continuo, hechos durante la última década, sobre distintas experiencias implementadas en el Perú, especialmente aquellas orientadas a la juventud indígena amazónica. El artículo discute, en primer lugar, el caso de los programas de formación de maestros bilingües. Este tipo de programas es el que tiene una mayor trayectoria como oferta de educación superior explícitamente orientada a la población indígena. En segundo lugar, se presentan algunos programas de acción afirmativa implementados por las universidades o por el Estado, ya sea a través de sistemas de cuotas de admisión o de becas especiales. Finalmente, se aborda el caso de las universidades interculturales, que son las de más reciente creación, y se discuten sus posibilidades reales como espacios de formación intercultural, así como sus posibilidades de sobrevivencia en el futuro cercano.
In the last decades, an important discussion has been developed in Latin America about the access of indigenous students to higher-education institutions and about the creation of intercultural universities. This article specifically revises the different types of experiences of higher-education offered to the indigenous youth of the Peruvian Amazon region, and it builds on information gathered throughout the last decade of following and studying these experiences. The article begins with a discussion of the programs for bilingual teachers, which has been the prioritized form of access to higher education offered to the indigenous peoples. Then it analyzes different cases of affirmative action programs promoted by the Peruvian State and Peruvian universities, such as quotas and special scholarship programs. Finally, it presents the case of the intercultural universities, most of which have been created only a few years ago, and it discusses their real possibilities of becoming an alternative form of engaging with intercultural education.

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Silva, Marilene Correa da. "Metamorfoses da Amazonia." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279820.

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Orientador: Octavio Ianni
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Doutorado

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Ribas, Gustavo Panacioni. "(In)dependência das iniciativas jornalísticas digitais do século XXI com escopo na região amazônica: análise dos sites Amazônia real e Infoamazonia." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2458.

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A partir de um cenário em que se está impulsionando a criação de iniciativas autodenominadas independentes no jornalismo brasileiro, sobretudo na internet, com redações de pequeno e médio porte, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, por meio de estudos de caso, como se configura o jornalismo autodenominado independente em iniciativas digitais com escopo na região Amazônica, criadas no jornalismo do século XXI. A proposta da pesquisa, que se desenvolve na linha de pesquisa 1, Processos de produção jornalística, do Programa de Pós Graduação Mestrado em Jornalismo da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, é verificar como se caracteriza o campo jornalístico dos profissionais que idealizaram os sites autodenominados independentes Amazônia Real e InfoAmazonia, identificar o que se compreende por “independência” em um contexto formatado por novos modelos de gestão e aferir nos produtos jornalísticos uma possível relação entre aspectos de noticiabilidade e independência jornalística. O que essas iniciativas autodenominadas independentes com escopo na região Amazônica nos revelam tanto sobre a cultura profissional quanto normas profissionais subjacentes? A trajetória profissional dos idealizadores da Amazônia Real e InfoAmazonia influencia nos modelos de gestão adotados? A criação de uma iniciativa autodenominada independente propicia uma autonomia profissional do jornalista? Que tipo de tensões interferem na prática profissional nessas iniciativas? Para isso, a reflexão considera as transformações do mercado em jornalismo no século XXI, suas repercussões no campo profissional e a emergência de novos modelos de gestão. A fundamentação teórica se estabelece em campos sociais e campo jornalístico, hiperconcorrência, governança e novos modelos de gestão, noções de configuração de um possível jornalismo independente e cultura profissional, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Além destas metodologias, o trabalho utiliza técnicas de entrevista com profissionais que fundaram as iniciativas autodenominadas independentes de jornalismo Amazônia Real e InfoAmazonia, representante da Fundação Ford, que financia diretamente a Amazônia Real e indiretamente o InfoAmazonia, e análise sistematizada de produtos jornalísticos concebidos pelos empreendimentos. Um dos apontamentos das considerações finais indica que mesmo condicionadas a novos modelos de gestão, distantes daqueles praticados nos meios tradicionais, as iniciativas autodenominadas independentes precisam desenvolver outras características que justifiquem a “independência”, como os critérios de noticiabilidade.
In a cenario that is stimulating the establishment of self-proclaimed independent Brazilian journalism initiatives, specially on the internet, with small to medium editorial newsrooms, the aim of this study is to analyze, through case studies, how this self-proclaimed independent journalism in digital media is characterized in the Amazon region in the 21st century. The objective of this research, which was conducted in accordance with the main research topic, that is, the Process of journalism production, in the Post-Graduation Program Master’s in Journalism at Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, is: to ascertain the characteristics of the journalistic field of the professionals who created the self-proclaimed independent sites Amazônia Rea e InfoAmazonia; to identify what is meant by “independence” in a context that is defined by new management models; and to gauge a possible relation between aspects of newsworthiness and journalistic independence. What do these self-proclaimed independent initiatives in the Amazon region reveal both about professional culture and underlying professional standards? Does the professional experience of the founders of Amazônia Real and InfoAmazonia influence the management models adopted? Does the establishment of a self-proclaimed independent initiative give the journalist professional authonomy? What type of tensions interfere in the professional practices of these initiatives? For these purposes, this analysis considers the transformation of the journalism market in the 21st century, its repercussions on the professional field and the emergence of new management models. The theoretical principles are based on the social and journalistic fields, hypercompetition, governance and new management models, basic concepts of the definition of possible independent journalism and professional culture, based on bibliographic and documental research. Besides these methodologies, this dissertation uses interviews techniques with the founders of the self-proclaimed independent journalism initiatives Amazônia Real e InfoAmazonia, the representing of Ford Foundation, that directly contributes with Amazônia Real and indirectly with InfoAmazonia, and a systematized analysis of the journalistic products conceived by these organizations. One of the final considerations applies that even though defined by new management models, different from the ones practiced by traditional media, the self-proclaimed independent initiatives need to develop other characteristics that justify the “independence”, like the newsworthiness.

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Aguilar, Mori Brayan Didier. "La ausencia de capacidad estatal, liderazgos subnacionales, articulación territorial y coordinación institucional en la lucha contra la prevalencia de la anemia en el Perú: un estudio de caso, la región Amazonas." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20216.

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En los últimos años, el Estado peruano ha incrementado notablemente los esfuerzos por reducir la elevada prevalencia de anemia en el país. Es así, que se vienen implementado diversas políticas desde el MIDIS, MINSA y MEF. Sin embargo, tales esfuerzos no se han traducido en resultados satisfactorios. Por el contrario, la prevalencia de la anemia en el Perú se mantiene constante. En esa línea, la región Amazonas es representativa ya que posee el mayor incremento presupuestal e índices de cobertura del Programa Presupuestal Articulado Nutricional (PAN), pero que no se ven reflejados en los resultados debido a que la prevalencia de la anemia no ha variado mucho en la región. Por ello, el presente estudio busca determinar cuáles son las explicaciones de que la prevalencia de la anemia se mantenga a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados. Entre las posibles causas del porqué los resultados esperados no son alcanzados se encuentran la limitada capacidad institucional, la falta de liderazgos, la ausencia de actores y alianzas estratégicas, los problemas de coordinación y articulación, la discrecionalidad de la burocracia, y la ausencia de enfoques territoriales e interculturales de las políticas. Para ello, el estudio va consistir en reconstruir el proceso de la política de lucha contra la anemia. Por lo cual se realizará entrevistas a todos los actores involucrados.
In recent years, the Peruvian State has notably increased efforts to reduce the high prevalence of anemia in the country. Thus, various policies have been implemented from MIDIS, MINSA and MEF. However, such efforts have not been translated into satisfactory results. On the contrary, the prevalence of anemia in Peru remains constant. In this line, Amazonas region is representative since it has the largest budget increase and coverage indexes of the Programa Articulado Nutricional (PAN), but they are not reflected in the results because the prevalence of anemia has not varied much in the region. Therefore, the present study seeks to determine what are the explanations that the prevalence of anemia is maintained despite the efforts made. Possible causes of why the expected results are not achieved include limited institutional capacity, lack of leadership, the absence of strategic actors and alliances, problems of coordination and articulation, the discretion of the bureaucracy, and the absence of territorial and intercultural approaches to politics. To do this, the study will consist of reconstructing the process of the policy to fight anemia. Therefore, interviews will be conducted with all the actors involved.

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Gómez, Perochena Tania Daniela. "Reinventar el Estado desde la autonomía indígena : un rastreo del proceso de la articulación del Gobierno Territorial Autónomo de la Nación Wampis (GTANW)." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14562.

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Quispe, Cajahuanca Thalía. "Biogeografía y cambio climático en el Perú : análisis de escenarios climáticos y endemismo de Phyllodactylus interandinus, Bachia intermedia y Stenocercus huancabambae, entre Amazonas y Cajamarca, distritos de El Milagro y Bellavista." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6503.

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La presente investigación de tesis se enmarca en la unión de la biogeografía y el cambio climático. Aborda el estudio del riesgo de extinción de los reptiles endémicos del Perú Phyllodactylus interandinus, Bachia intermedia y Stenocercus huancabambae, así como la evaluación del estado de conservación del medio en donde se desarrollan, con énfasis en los distritos de Bellavista y El Milagro, en el límite regional entre Cajamarca y Amazonas. La investigación se sustenta en la técnica del modelamiento de distribución de especies, dirigida a la examinación de la relación entre el cambio climático y los patrones del área de distribución geográfica de las especies evaluadas en escenarios de forzamiento antropogénico. En conjunto con el componente de análisis espacial mediante el empleo de técnicas de teledetección y sensores remotos, sistemas de información geográfica y trabajo de campo, expresados en el estudio multitemporal del estado del hábitat, canalizado a localizar en el territorio, caracterizar, y analizar las modificaciones de los usos del suelo, la cobertura vegetal y la estructura del paisaje en el periodo de 1991 – 2015. La modelización permitió obtener como resultados el área de distribución potencial presente de acuerdo a la línea de base, periodo 1950 – 2000; el área distribución potencial en dos escenarios de cambio climático, RCP2.6 y RCP8.5, basados en las proyecciones climáticas de dos modelos climáticos globales HADGEM2-ES y CCM4 por concentraciones de GEI al año 2050; y el área de congruencia espacial de las tres especies de estudio. El análisis espacio - temporal del territorio permitió conocer la dinámica y el estado actual de un hábitat relicto de endemismo vegetal propio. Se destaca entre los resultados un nuevo registro de la especie Stenocercus huancabambae producto de la investigación de campo. Los resultados caracterizan un área de distribución restringida en concordancia con el alto grado de endemismo de las especies evaluadas. La respuesta de las especies endémicas de estudio expresó resultados interesantes, reflejados en el incremento y desplazamiento latitudinal del área de distribución potencial. La distribución potencial presente comprendería casi en su totalidad las localidades de Bellavista y el Milagro, Bagua y El Parco, se identificaron además alrededor de siete localidades nuevas considerando los intervalos de probabilidad de 0.4 – 1.0; en los escenarios de cambio climático RCP2.6 y RCP8.5, las especies analizadas ampliarían su área de distribución potencial en un promedio de 48.79% y 51.91%, respectivamente. La especie S. huancabambae se caracterizó como la única especie que continuaría ampliando su distribución potencial en un escenario de cambio climático sumamente severo, en contraste, las especies B. intermedia y P. interandinus, evidenciarían un proceso de disminución del área de distribución favorable. El análisis del espacio geográfico configurado por la acción humana evidencia un paisaje con tendencia a la fragmentación por la ampliación de la frontera agrícola y áreas de vegetación escasa, restringiendo determinadas áreas climáticamente favorables que no serían ecológicamente aptas como hábitat físico de la especie. Es importante resaltar que en la actualidad las especies evaluadas no se encuentran en ningún régimen de protección. Esta observación es crítica al identificar que el 54.4% de la distribución de la especie B. intermedia, el 59.7% de la distribución de la especie P. interandinus y el 32.4% de la especie S. huancabambae se ubican en el sitio de alta prioridad Bosques secos del Marañón y límite del bosque de la Cordillera Real Oriental. La geografía en su rama biogeográfica permite definir un modelo de estudio del componente biótico a partir de una perspectiva y dimensión espacial. En función a ello, la investigación propone un modelo analítico de estudio geográfico y proyectivo de las especies animales en condiciones de cambio climático que pueda ser replicado en otros territorios y con taxones diversos de manera válida. La investigación está orientada a formar parte de un proyecto más amplio sobre el estudio de la incidencia del cambio climático en la distribución de los organismos terrestres del Perú. Su finalidad principal es la contribución a la conservación de la fauna endémica de nuestro país, aminorar su situación de vulnerabilidad en el presente y en el futuro en base a proyecciones; y, generar conocimientos sobre las especies nativas escasamente exploradas.
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Gamboa, Balbín Aída Mercedes. "Movimientos indígenas amazónicos y acción colectiva en conflictos socioambientales: los casos de la reserva comunal Amarakaeri y la cuenca del río Curaray." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5341.

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A través del estudio de los casos “La Reserva Comunal Amarakaeri” y “La Cuenca del Río Curaray”, esta investigación afirma que el éxito de la acción colectiva indígena amazónica en el Perú se ve definida por tres factores fundamentales. Primero, por la formación de un sistema regional de mayor apertura hacia la movilización indígena que permite el logro de aliados en la élite regional. Segundo, por la existencia de formas claras organizativas que contemplan estrategias específicas, una red amplia de aliados cohesionada hacia el objetivo práctico y modelos de movilización que integran prácticas de diálogo. Tercero, por el uso de un discurso ideológico que utiliza la defensa de derechos colectivos al igual que demandas de inclusión, permitiendo generar cohesión interna en la organización hacia el objetivo y efectos de sensibilización en las autoridades. El fracaso de la acción colectiva también se produce por tres elementos. Primero, por la ausencia de aliados en la elite regional y la presencia de autoridades represivas. Segundo, por la presencia de complejas formas organizativas y débiles, que utilizan inefectivas estrategias y modelos movilización sin diálogo. Tercero, por un discurso elaborado que no integra la defensa de los derechos colectivos con las demandas de igualdad, generando la fragmentación interna en la organización y un frágil impacto en las autoridades. Esto permite entender la construcción de la acción colectiva indígena amazónica en el desarrollo de los conflictos socioambientales generados por la superposición de lotes de hidrocarburos en tierras tituladas indígenas y en áreas naturales protegidas.
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Calixto, Aguilar Ingrid Solange. "Cambios de uso de suelo y ecología vial en la Amazonía peruana: una revisión crítica." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15351.

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Rojas, Salvador Karina Paola. "Interpretaciones del conflicto armado interno y sus efectos en la salud en una CCNN nomatsigenga." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14073.

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Stella, Thomas Henrique de Toledo. "A integração economica da Amazonia (1930-1980)." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285657.

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Orientador: Wilson Cano
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: A integração da Amazônia na economia nacional teve inicio apenas quando a região reorientou sua base primário-exportadora do mercado externo para o mercado interno nacional na década de 1930. No entanto, sua economia fundamentalmente extrativa e agrícola tem origens muito mais antigas, que remetem ao início da colonização portuguesa a partir de 1616. Apesar da experiência extrativa, a região só integrou-se comercialmente com a metrópole com as políticas mercantilistas de "valorização econômica", adotadas a partir de 1750. A abertura dos portos em 1808 estimulou a região a integrar-se na periferia do mercado internacional. Com o crescimento da demanda pela borracha amazônica depois de 1850, especialmente com o uso industrial do processo de vulcanização nos centros capitalistas, o produto ascendeu nas exportações, chegando ao apogeu entre 1910-1912. O que se seguiu foi a decadência que expôs as contradições desse do modelo primário-exportador. Durante o período Colonial, Império e Primeira República, a Amazônia permaneceu praticamente isolada de articulações comerciais com outras regiões do Brasil, voltada quase exclusivamente ao exterior. A crise de "1929" abalou o modelo primário-exportador no país, que mudou seu padrão de acumulação para um novo, industrializante e integrador do mercado interno. Com as transformações econômicas a partir de 1930, o mercado nacional passou a absorver produtos tradicionais da Amazônia como a borracha e a castanha, e tornou-se o destino de novos como as fibras duras de juta, malva e guaxima. O Estado aumentou sua presença na região, alocou recursos na Constituição de 1946, e apresentou um Plano de Valorização Econômica em 1953. Na segunda metade da década de 1950, começaram a implantar as políticas de desenvolvimento regional, responsáveis pela construção de rodovias, conectando a Amazônia Oriental e Ocidental à Brasília. Enquanto a industrialização prosseguia no centro, a região passava a ser vista como fronteira econômica em expansão. Cresciam os interesses do capital nacional e estrangeiro pelas matérias-primas e terras amazônicas. A preocupação da Ditadura Militar (1964-1985) em integrá-la levou à reformulação da estratégia de planejamento. A "Operação Amazônia" em 1966 constituiu um grande pacote e incentivos fiscais articulado em um sistema de planejamento regional, com aporte de investimentos públicos nos setores agropecuários e minerais. A implantação efetiva da Zona Franca de Manaus, a partir de 1967, introduziu uma produção industrial, fazendo com que a Amazônia começasse a deixar de ser quase que exclusivamente produtora primária. Na década de 1970, a economia brasileira cresceu significativamente, e a região passou por transformações estruturais, resultantes de fortes investimentos públicos e privados. Os principais condicionantes foram a maturação dos investimentos industriais na ZFM, implantação dos planos econômicos voltados à infra-estrutura, abertura de estradas, colonização, e pólos agropecuários e minerais. No final do período 1970-1980, a Amazônia já se encontrava mais integrada comercial, física e produtiva ao país, e também voltava a exportar em grande escala, especialmente minérios. A integração econômica da Amazônia entre 1930 e 1980 teve como resultado a transformação da estrutura produtiva da região, a implantação de um capitalismo selvagem e predatório, com precárias relações de produção convivendo com novas. Esse processo, conduzido em grande parte pelo Estado, demonstrou equívocos que devem servir como exemplo para uma forma sustentável de desenvolvimento da região.
Abstract: The integration of the Brazilian Amazon in the national economy began only when the primary-export base of the region has reoriented from the foreign market for the national domestic market in the 1930s. However, its economy primarily extractive and agricultural has origins much earlier, referring to the beginning of Portuguese colonization from 1616. Despite the experience of extractive economy, the region only became integrated commercially with metropolis with mercantilist polices of "economic valorization", adopted since 1750. The opening of the ports in 1808 encouraged the region to integrate into the periphery of the international market. With the increasing demand for Amazonian rubber after 1850, especially with industrial use of vulcanization process in the capitalists centers, the product exports rose, reaching its peak between 1910-1912. What followed was the decline that exposed the contradictions of this primary-export model. During the periods of Cologne, Empire and First Republic, Amazon remained virtually isolated from trades with other regions of Brazil, focused almost exclusively abroad. The crisis of "1929" shook the primary-export model in the country, which changed its pattern of accumulation to a new one of industrialization and market integration. With the economic transformations in the country since 1930, the domestic market began to absorb traditional Amazonian products such as rubber and nuts, and became the new target of others as the hard fibers of jute, malva and guaxima. The State increased its presence in the region, has allocated resources in the Constitution of 1946, and presented an Economic Valorization Plan in 1953. In the second half of 1950s, began to implement polices of regional development, responsible for the construction of major highways connecting eastern and western Amazon to Brasilia. As the industrialization was proceeding in the center, the region was seen as an economic frontier expanding. The interest of domestic and foreign capital for raw materials and Amazon lands grew. The concern of Military dictatorship (1964-1985) led to rethinking the strategy planning. The "Operation Amazon" in 1966 was a major fiscal stimulus package, drawing on a system of regional planning, with the contribution of public investment in agricultural, in livestock and in mineral sectors. The effective implementation of Manaus Free Zone (ZFM) since 1967 has introduced an industrial production and the Amazon economy begin to leave to be exclusively primary. In the 1970s, the Brazilian economy increased significantly, and the Amazon region has undergone structural changes of large-scale, resulting from strong public and private investment. The main reasons of this process were the maturation of industrial investments in ZFM, implementation of economy plans to the infra-structure, opening of roads, settlements, and agriculturals, minerals and livestocks clusters. At the end of the period 1970-1980, the Amazon was already more integrated commercial, physical and productive with the country, and was back to export in large scale, especially minerals. The economic integration of the Amazon between 1930 and 1980 had as resulted the transformation of the productive structure of the region, and the implantation of a wild and predatory capitalism, with precarious relations of production coexisting with new. This process, with a large extent for the State, demonstrated mistakes that must be as example for a sustainable form of development for the region.
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

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Durand, Castro David Mansueto. "Geomorfología del origen del río Amazonas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/370.

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El presente trabajo titulado GEOMORFOLOGÍA DEL ORIGEN DEL RIO AMAZONAS, aborda el no hasta hace mucho discutido tema del origen de río Amazonas, analizando para ello las formas del relieve y los procesos morfodinámicos más saltantes, de esta parte de la cordillera del Chila, a la cual se ha llegado finalmente después de numerosos acercamientos efectuadas por expediciones anteriores. La zona estudiada abarca un área aproximada de 55km2 de extensión, comprendiendo un conjunto de cuatro cuencas: Garhuasanta, Sillanque, Apacheta y Ccaccansa, las mismas que constituyen el sector del extremo inicial de esta gigantesca red hidrográfica del río Amazonas. Estas cuencas se hallan en la cordillera del Chila conocido también como cordillera Choquecorao, en la provincia de Caylloma, departamento de Arequipa. Las cuencas referidas son estudiadas en forma cualitativa y en algunos de los valores cuantitativos más relevantes para el objetivo de definir la principalía de las nacientes del río Amazonas y por tanto, de su eje fluvial. Las formas y los procesos geomorfológicos son integrados cartográficamente con el objeto de dar una visión de conjunto, mientras que, a nivel de texto explicativo ha sido posible incidir en las diferenciaciones específicas y peculiaridades de cada cuenca. Los criterios cuantitativos más relevantes para definir el objetivo de la principalía del río Amazonas, son: 1.- El tamaño del área de la cuenca, 2.- La altitud del nacimiento del curso de agua, 3.- La cima culminante de su cuenca de alimentación, 4.- El régimen hidrológico, 5.- La longitud del curso, 6.-El caudal del río y 7.- el Orden de drenaje. Estos criterios definen con objetividad la principalía del río Amazonas, desde su origen en la laguna ¨Bohemia¨ alojada en el circo glaciar Mismi y alimentada por el glaciar del mismo nombre, en la cabecera del valle glaciar Garhuasanta.
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Ferraro, Vidal Natalia María. "Cocina y representación: el caso del restaurante ámaZ en Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15064.

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Antiquera, Daniel de Campos. "A Amazonia e a politica externa brasileira : analise do Tratado de Cooperação Amazonica (TCA) e sua transformação em organização internacional (1978-2002)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279416.

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Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa o Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica, assinado por Brasil, Bolívia, Colômbia, Equador, Guiana, Peru, Suriname e Venezuela em 1978, e suas transformações até se converter numa organização internacional (2002). O estudo busca relacionar essas mudanças no TCA com os diferentes momentos da política externa brasileira, visando em primeiro lugar a avaliar a importância da Amazônia para a política exterior do Brasil, e também a compreender o peso que a posição brasileira representa na evolução do Tratado. A partir do fim da década de 1980 há uma renovação no impulso dado ao TCA, que culmina com o protocolo de emenda, assinado em 1998, e a instalação de uma secretaria permanente, em Brasília, em 2002. Tal processo tem poucos estudos, embora indique uma renovação de expectativas sobre o Tratado. O trabalho foi feito por meio da análise de bibliografia sobre o TCA e a política externa, bem como sobre documentação oficial de ambas: discursos, atas de reuniões, declarações, estrutura jurídica. As informações foram complementadas com entrevistas realizadas com atores relevantes para o andamento do Tratado. A contribuição que este trabalho possa vir a dar é acrescentar outra perspectiva às leituras tradicionalmente liberais (no sentido de centrarem-se na cooperação e nos interesses comuns) que em geral são feitas sobre o objeto. Ao mesmo tempo, pretende-se chamar a atenção para a Amazônia e o norte da América do Sul como um espaço específico e importante das relações internacionais do Brasil
Abstract: This work analyzes The Amazon Cooperation Treaty, signed down by Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Equador, Guiana, Peru, Suriname e Venezuela in 1978, and its transformations until converting into international organization (2002). The study intends to establish a relation between those changes on ACT and different moments in brazilian foreign policy, looking for value amazonian role in this policy as well as for the brazilian role on the evolution of the Treaty. Since the end of the 80¿s, new strengths focused on ACT lead up to a renew¿s protocol, signed in 1998, and a permanent secretariat at Brasília, in 2002. There are few studies about these processes even than it indicates new expectations about the Treaty. The work was made analyzing the bibliography of ACT and of the foreign policy, as well as the official documentation of both of them. Also interviews have been made with important people involved in the Treaty. The eventual contribution of these research is offering a new perspective of the usually liberals (that focus on cooperation and common interests) points of view of the study¿s object. At the same time, there is the intention of getting attention for Amazon and for the north of South America as important areas of brazilian¿s international relations
Mestrado
Política Externa
Mestre em Relações Internacionais

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Greissing, Anna. "La region du Jari, un laboratoire en Amazonie. Entre conservation et developpement." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030042/document.

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Ce travail étudie les composants de l’évolution territoriale et socio-économique de la région du Jari, située au nord de l’Amazonie brésilienne, en identifiant les différents processus de transformation ainsi que les structures spatiales actuelles. Longtemps à l’écart des dynamiques nationales du peuplement et du développement, celle-ci connait, au XXe siècle, un développement socioéconomique en deux étapes : Le premier, au début du siècle, à partir d’une occupation conditionnée par l’extractivisme (exploitation de ressources naturelles de la forêt, comme le caoutchouc ou la noix du Brésil), et organisée autour d’un latifundiaire sur environ 2 millions d’hectares. Le deuxième, plus important, à la fin des années 1960, à partir de l’installation, sur ce même territoire, d’une grande entreprise agro-industrielle, le "projet Jari", par l’entrepreneur et multimillionnaire Américain D.K. Ludwig, qui visait à la production de la cellulose à grande échelle, et entraînait la construction d’une première infrastructure urbaine et industrielle dans une région de forêt primaire jusque-là intacte. Désormais indissociablement liées, les transformations socioéconomiques et territoriales de la région du Jari se sont depuis produites en tant qu’influence ou interaction directe avec l’évolution du projet Jari. Celui-ci, toujours en fonction dans la région aujourd’hui, a lui-même connu des transformations significatives depuis son installation en 1967: fortement polémiquée pour la non rentabilité économique, l’impact environnemental, et le gaspillage en ressources humaines de ses activités d’agrobusiness, le projet Jari du XXIe siècle émerge aujourd’hui, sous une nouvelle gestion (Orsa), comme une entreprise viable, certifiée, et pionnière en matière de responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises en contexte amazonien. Les nouvelles stratégies territoriales développées par celle-ci et basées dans un discours de responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises, ont permis à la Jari non seulement de conquérir une place stable sur le marché national et international de la cellulose, mais aussi à atténuer une conflit foncier de long date dans la région du Jari, qui a durablement marqué les relations entre l’entreprise, le gouvernement et les populations locales, dont plusieurs ont été déplacées de leurs terres lors de la transformation de larges parties de forêt primaire en plantations d’eucalyptus. La création, par la "nouvelle" entreprise, d’une Fondation sociale, censée de mettre en œuvre des petits projets socio-économiques dans la région, a en outre permis d’avancer le processus d’intégration territoriale visant à inclure enfin les communautés locales et les acteurs politiques à la gestion régionale et à l’utilisation des ressources, jusque-là monopolisée par l’entreprise. Sans être achevé, ce processus forme aujourd’hui la base solide pour une transformation "durable" du Jari, d’une vieille "enclave" économique de l’Américain à une région intégrée dont le potentiel est partagé parmi ses habitants
This thesis studies the components and phases of the socioeconomic and territorial evolution of the Jari river region, located at the north of the Brazilian Amazon, by identifying its different transformation processes and contemporary spatial structures. Longtime left aloof from national population and development dynamics, the region experiences a two-step economic and social evolution in the XX century: A first occupation, at the beginning of the century, that was conditioned by the exploitation of natural resources (rubber, Brazil nut) and led to the establishment of a "latifundium" covering about 2 million ha; and a second, more important occupation at the end of 1960ies by the an American businessman and multimillionaire D.K. Ludwig. The initiation, by the latter, of a huge agro-industrial enterprise, the "Jari project", aiming at a large-scale production of cellulose, lead to the construction of first urban infrastructures and industrial facilities in a region until then covered with intact primary forest. The socio-cultural, economical and political development of the Jari River region has since been intrinsically linked to the evolution of the Jari project. The project itself, which is still active in the region, has itself known significant change since its building up in 1967: strongly criticized during the 1970ies and 1980ies due to the lack of economic viability of its agro-industrial activities, as well as its ecological impact and its waste of human resources, the project of the XXI century, revived by a new management (Orsa), presents itself as an innovative, lucrative and certified firm, henceforth conscious of its social and environmental responsibility and thus of its pioneer role for the socioeconomic development of the Jari River region where it operates. The territorial strategies developed in this context by the company, which are embedded in a discourse of social and environmental corporate responsibility, have indeed permitted the company not only to establish itself on the national and international pulp market, but also to mitigate the long-standing land conflict between the Jari firm, the government and the local populations, who had been partly displaced from their lands by the transformation of huge parts of the rainforest into eucalyptus plantations. The creation of a firm-interne social Foundation in 2000, commissioned to carry into action small socioeconomic projects in the region, has also allowed to accelerate a process of territorial integration, aiming at including the local communities and political actors into the management of the region and its use of its natural resources, until then monopolized by the company. Not yet fully achieved, this process of territorial integration constitutes today a solid basis for a sustainable transformation of the region in the future, from the old "enclave" of the American into an integrated region whose potential is commonly shared by its habitants

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Molina, Carpio Luis. "Modélisation inverse des flux de CO2 en Amazonie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV040/document.

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Une meilleure connaissance des variations saisonnières et interannuelles du cycle du carbone dans en Amazonie est essentielle afin de comprendre le rôle de cet écosystème dans le changement climatique. La modélisation atmosphérique inverse est un outil puissant pour estimer ces variations, en exploitant l'information sur la distribution spatiale et temporelle des flux de CO2 en surface contenue dans des observations de CO2 atmosphériques. Néanmoins, la confiance en les estimations des flux en Amazonie obtenues à partir des systèmes d'inversion mondiale est faible du fait du manque d'observations dans cette région.Dans ce contexte, j'ai d'abord analysé en détail les estimations de l'échange net de CO2 entre la biosphère et l'atmosphère (NEE) générées par deux inversions mondiales pour la période 2002 — 2010. Ces deux inversions ont assimilé des données provenant du réseau mondial d'observation du CO2 atmosphérique hors de l’Amérique du Sud, et une d'elles a assimilé des observations de quatre stations de surface en Amazonie, qui n'ont jamais été exploitées dans les études d'inversion précédentes. J'ai montré que dans une inversion mondiale les observations de stations loin d'Amazonie et les observations locales contrôlaient la NEE. Pourtant, les résultats ont révélé des structures à très grande échelle peu réalistes. L'analyse a confirmé le manque de stations en Amazonie pour fournir des estimations fiables, et les limites des systèmes d’inversion mondiale avec des modèles à très basse résolution.J'ai donc ensuite évalué l'apport de l'utilisation du modèle atmosphérique régional BRAMS, par rapport à celle du système mondial de prévision météorologique ECMWF, pour le forçage météorologique du modèle de transport atmosphérique CHIMERE simulant le CO2 en Amérique du Sud à haute résolution (~35 km). J'ai simulé le CO2 avec les deux modèles de transport―CHIMERE-BRAMS et CHIMERE-ECMWF. J'ai évalué ces simulations avec les profils verticaux de mesures aéroportées, en analysant les mesures individuelles et les gradients horizontaux de CO2 calculés entre paires de stations dans le sens du vent, à différentes altitudes ou intégrés sur la verticale. Les deux modèles de transport ont simulé les observations de CO2 avec une performance similaire, mais j'ai trouvé une importante incertitude sur les modèles de transport. Les mesures individuelles et les gradients horizontaux ont été surtout sensibles à la NEE, mais aussi, pendant la saison sèche, aux émissions des feux de biomasse (EFIRE). J'ai trouvé que l'assimilation des gradients horizontaux était plus approprié pour les inversions que celle des mesures individuelles, étant donné que les premiers ont été moins sensibles au signal associé aux flux hors de l'Amérique du Sud et à l'incertitude sur le modèle de transport en altitude.Finalement, j'ai développé deux systèmes d'inversion régionale pour l'Amérique du Sud tropicale avec les deux modèles de transport, et j'ai lancé des inversions avec quatre types de vecteurs d'observation: de mesures individuelles et gradients horizontaux sur cinq niveaux verticaux, à la surface, ou de gradients horizontaux intégrés sur la verticale. J'ai trouvé une forte dépendance des estimations des bilans régionaux et sub-régionaux de NEE et EFIRE au modèle de transport, ainsi qu'au vecteur d'observation. Les inversions assimilant des gradients horizontaux ont séparé mieux les signaux de NEE et EFIRE. Cependant, les grandes incertitudes sur les flux inversés ont réduit la confiance en ces estimations. Par conséquent, si mon étude n'a pas amélioré la connaissance des variations saisonnières et interannuelles de la NEE en Amazonie, elle a montré les besoins d'amélioration de la modélisation du transport dans la région et de la stratégie de modélisation inverse, du moins à travers une définition du vecteur d'observation appropriée qui prenne en compte les caractéristiques des données disponibles, et les limitations des modèles de transport actuels
A better knowledge of the seasonal and inter-annual variations of the Amazon carbon cycle is critical to understand the influence of this terrestrial ecosystem on climate change. Atmospheric inverse modeling is a powerful tool to estimate these variations by extracting the information on the spatio-temporal patterns of surface CO2 fluxes contained in observations of atmospheric CO2. However, the confidence in the Amazon flux estimates obtained from global inversion frameworks is low, given the scarcity of observations in this region.In this context, I started by analyzing in detail the Amazon net ecosystem exchange (NEE) inferred with two global inversions over the period 2002 — 2010. Both inversions assimilated data from the global observation network outside Amazonia, and one of them also assimilated data from four stations in Amazonia that had not been used in previous inversion efforts. I demonstrated that in a global inversion the observations from sites distant from Amazonia, as well as local observations, controlled the NEE inferred through the inversion. The inferred fluxes revealed large-scale structures likely not consistent with the actual NEE in Amazonia. This analysis confirmed the lack of observation sites in Amazonia to provide reliable flux estimates, and exposed the limitations of global frameworks, using low-resolution models to quantify regional fluxes. This limitations justified developing a regional approach.Then I evaluated the benefit of the regional atmospheric model BRAMS, relative to the global forecast system ECMWF, when both models provided the meteorological fields to drive the atmospheric transport model CHIMERE to simulate CO2 transport in tropical South America at high resolution (~35 km). I simulated the CO2 distribution with both transport models―CHIMERE-BRAMS and CHIMERE-ECMWF. I evaluated the model simulations with aircraft measurements in vertical profiles, analyzing the concentrations associated to the individual measurements, but also with horizontal gradients along wind direction between pairs of sites at different altitudes, or vertically integrated. Both transport models simulated the CO2 observations with similar performance, but I found a strong impact of the uncertainty in the transport models. Both individual measurements and horizontal gradients were most sensitive to NEE, but also to biomass burning CO2 emissions (EFIRE) in the dry season. I found that horizontal gradients were more suitable for inversions than individual measurements, since the former were less sensitive fluxes outside South America and further decreased the impact of the transport model uncertainty in altitude.Finally, I developed two analytical regional inversion systems for tropical South America, driven with CHIMERE-BRAMS and CHIMERE-ECMWF, and made inversions with four observation vectors: individual concentration measurements and horizontal gradients at five vertical levels, close to the surface, or horizontal gradients vertically integrated. I found a strong dependency of the inverted regional and sub-regional NEE and EFIRE emissions budgets on both the transport model and the observation vector. Inversions with gradients yielded a better separation of NEE and EFIRE signals. However, the large uncertainties in the inverted fluxes, did not yield high confidence in the estimates. Therefore, even though my study did not improve the knowledge of seasonal and year-to-year variations of the NEE in Amazonia, it demonstrated need of further efforts to improve transport modeling in the region and the inverse modeling strategy, at least through a careful definition of the observation vector that accounts for the characteristics of the available data, and the limitations of the current transport models

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Pons, Mogrovejo Gonzalo Antonio. "Bienestar subjetivo en la amazonía peruana : la estructura de sus necesidades." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/4617.

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El bienestar subjetivo ha adquirido importancia en los últimos años como un constructo alternativo al desarrollo económico. En miras de lograr una mejor comprensión sobre este constructo, éste debe ser estudiado en diferentes culturas y entornos. En la Amazonía se han llevado a cabo diferentes investigaciones sobre necesidades y bienestar. Sin embargo, no se ha realizado un estudio que agrupe diversas localidades de esta región que presenten distintas características, tales como zonas urbanas y rurales, lo cual limita la posibilidad de encontrar patrones regionales. En este estudio se investiga el bienestar subjetivo en la Amazonía peruana utilizando la metodología émica post hoc, con el propósito de identificar una estructura de necesidades que sea válida para diversas zonas de la región. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, utilizando datos de seis localidades de la Amazonía peruana (N = 186), incluyendo zonas urbanas y rurales de selva baja y alta. Los resultados mostraron una estructura factorial de cinco necesidades: Buen lugar para vivir, Trabajo y vivienda equipada, Bienes y servicios urbanos, Necesidades de base y Formar una familia. Esta estructura muestra una combinación de elementos universales, modernos y tradicionales. Los hallazgos de esta investigación contribuyen a la comprensión de la población Amazónica, pudiendo servir de insumo para la implementación de políticas sociales que busquen un desarrollo acorde a las concepciones de esta población. Palabras clave: Necesidades, Bienestar subjetivo, Amazonía
Subjective well-being in the Peruvian Amazonia: the structure of their needs There has been an increasing interest in subjective well-being as an alternative concept for economic development. For a better understanding of this construct, it has to be studied in different cultures and environments. The needs and subjective well-being of people from the Amazonia has been studied in recent years; however, there has not been one study that analyzes different sites from this region with different characteristics, such as urban and rural, which limits the possibility of finding regional patterns. This thesis work studies the subjective well-being in the Peruvian Amazonia using the emic post hoc methodology, in order to identify a needs structure that applies to different sites of this region. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using data from six locations of the Peruvian Amazonia (N = 186), including urban and rural areas of both low and high forest. The results revealed a five needs factor structure: A good place to live, Work and equipped house, Urban goods and services, Basic needs and Raise a family. This structure shows a combination of universal, modern and traditional elements. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of the Amazon population and can serve as input for the implementation of social policies that seek development in accordance with Amazon population´s conceptions. Keywords: Needs, Subjective well-being, Amazonia
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Madalengoitia, Barúa María Gracia. "Bosquejo fonológico de la lengua Jebero (shiwilu)." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5251.

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La presente tesis constituye una descripción de la fonología del jebero (shiwilu), una lengua cahuapana hablada por aproximadamente veinte personas en el distrito de Jeberos, provincia de Alto Amazonas, región de Loreto, y está organizada en tres capítulos. El capítulo 1, en primer lugar, presenta la contextualización del grupo cuya lengua es objeto de este estudio; en segundo lugar, expone brevemente la bibliografía que presenta información historiográfica y etnográfica con la que cuenta el grupo jebero y la bibliografía que presenta información lingüística existente para su lengua; en tercer lugar, presenta los presupuestos teóricos generales sobre los que se realizarán los análisis y las descripciones que se presentan en la investigación; y, por último, presenta la metodología utilizada en el recojo y el análisis de los datos. El capítulo 2 presenta el inventario fonológico de la lengua, así como una descripción de la conducta de cada uno de los segmentos en su realización. Por último, el capítulo 3 agrupa la descripción de la estructura silábica, del patrón acentual y de la glotalización como elemento prosódico.
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46

Madalengoitia, Barúa María Gracia. "Prosodia y fonación no modal de vocales en shiwilu (jebero)." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12385.

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La presente investigación ofrece una descripción acústica de la realización de la consonante oclusiva glotal del shiwilu según su posición en la estructura métrica de la palabra. El sistema fonológico del shiwilu incluye una oclusiva glotal /ʔ/. Esta oclusiva, que puede aparecer como coda silábica en sílabas (C)VC, no se realiza siempre como un salto glotal propiamente dicho, aunque es constante que la vocal que la antecede presente fonación no modal en parte o en toda su extensión. Dicha fonación no modal es siempre una laringalización que presenta, en algunos casos, los rasgos de la voz crujiente. La aparición de las diversas realizaciones de la secuencia /Vʔ/, la cual subyacentemente presenta una vocal modal seguida de una oclusiva glotal, tiene una relación con la posición de la oclusiva en la estructura métrica de la palabra. La realización de dicha secuencia en la posición prominente de la estructura métrica, es decir, en la sílaba acentuada, muestra una tendencia a mantener los rasgos subyacentes: se realiza un salto glotal y, aunque se presenta una laringalización de la vocal, esta se restringe a su parte final, precedida de una porción vocálica modal. Por el contrario, en las posiciones no prominentes de la estructura métrica, es decir, en la sílaba extramétrica y en la sílaba no acentuada del pie, los rasgos subyacentes de la secuencia /Vʔ/ tienden a perderse: no se realiza un salto glotal y la laringalización de la vocal puede ocupar parte o, incluso, toda la extensión del segmento vocálico. Esta investigación, además, muestra que, en shiwilu, la inclinación espectral es un parámetro acústico que permite distinguir la voz modal de la voz crujiente.
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47

Larrea, Gallegos Gustavo Martín. "Análisis de la expansión vial en la Amazonía peruana y su impacto en el cambio climático." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13772.

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La selva amazónica alberga alrededor del 60 % del bosque tropical del mundo y es un elemento fundamental en términos de biodiversidad, clima y secuestro de carbono del planeta. En este contexto, el Gobierno Peruano ratiﬁcó el año 2015 sus intenciones por reducir sus emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero en un 20 % con respecto a un escenario habitual mediante reducciones en el sector de cambio de uso de suelos. La construcción de carreteras es una de las principales actividades asociadas a este sector e importante generador de deforestación. En los últimos años el Perú se ha atravesado un considerable incremento de su infraestructura vial, y se espera que esta expansión siga en aumento. En este sentido, la presente investigación tiene como principal objetivo contribuir al entendimiento de los efectos que la expansión vial puede generar en el cambio de uso de suelos, y posteriormente en el cambio climático en toda la Amazonía peruana. Para ello, se construyeron diferentes modelos de aprendizaje automático (random forest, regresión logística y redes neuronales) para predecir la potencial deforestación en un periodo de 15 años. Se utilizó información georreferenciada y herramientas computacionales del estado del arte. Los resultados indican que, evaluando solo un proyecto vial en particular, se podrían generar 73.2 Mt de CO2eq. Este valor supera en demasía a las 60 Mt de CO2eq estimadas por el Gobierno Peruano como meta de reducción. Por lo que se concluye que las estimaciones realizadas por el estado subestiman los efectos de la construcción de carreteras. Finalmente, el marco metodológico presentado es novedoso y útil para construir e implementar modelos de predicción de deforestación para el cálculo de emisiones de GEI y puede ser implementado para analizar otros casos de estudio
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Campanera, Reig Mireia. "¿Para quién se conserva la laguna Jacinto? Conflictividad socioambiental en el Bajo Marañón, Amazonía peruana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398394.

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Unas jornadas de pesca en la laguna Jacinto (Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria, Perú) en 2009, evidenciaron un conflicto latente entre distintas formas de concebir, estar e intervenir en un área natural protegida amazónica y en una laguna en particular. Situación que representa a su vez las contradicciones y encrucijadas en que se hallan dos modelos socioambientales que conviven en esta área protegida, el desarrollo sostenible y el que aquí se denomina cuidado – un modelo local -. La tesis doctoral aborda el estudio de las jornadas de pesca a partir de la identificación y análisis de cada agente social implicado. Por parte del Estado están la Jefatura de la Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria y la Dirección Regional de Producción. Como agente del desarrollo sostenible está la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo. Y en el ámbito local, la comunidad de San Jacinto, el grupo de pesca Tigres Negros y desde su perspectiva, la Boa de la laguna (ser no humano con intencionalidad reconocida). El estudio revela como cada uno de ellos tiene propósitos, vínculos y representaciones distintas respecto la laguna. Por lo que todos ellos tratan de posicionarse desde su propia y compleja perspectiva en este escenario lacustre heterogéneo. Esta tesis analiza la cultura acuática y pesquera de San Jacinto y la zona del bajo Marañón, desde una perspectiva histórica, política y cultural. Hecho que ha permitido comprender la complejidad de la conflictividad socioambiental latente que se expresa en el interior de la Reserva Nacional Pacaya Samiria.
A few days of fishing in 2009 reveal a latent conflict in the Jacinto lagoon (Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, Peru), raising different ways of conceiving, being, and intervening in the protected area and the lagoon. This situation is the consequence of the contradictions and dilemmas of two socio-environmental models: the sustainable development model and the local model of 'cuidado'. This research identifies and analyzes every agent involved in the fishing activity. First of all, the state institutions are the Direction of the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve and the Regional Department of Production. Second, the Spanish International Agency for Cooperation and Development (AECID). The first and the last one are a good example of the sustainable development agents. At the local level, there are three agents: the citizens of the San Jacinto community, the fishers of the organization called ‘Tigres Negros', and the Snake of the lake (a non-human being with recognized intention, from the local perspective). The conclusion shows that each agent has its relations, representations, and agenda around the lagoon. Thus, every agent takes its particular and complex position in this heterogeneous aquatic space. With a historical, political and cultural perspective, this doctoral dissertation analyzes the aquatic and fishery culture of San Jacinto and the low Marañón area. This case study contributes to understanding the complexity of the latent social and environmental conflict within the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve.

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Vasquez, Ruiz Santos Javier, and Castillo Guzmán Paul Henry Del. "Mejora de la inadecuada vigilancia y control de patrullaje fluvial aéreo de las actividades ilícitas que afectan a los pobladores en la Zona del Napo y Putumayo (ZNP) periodo 2013-2018." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19007.

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El narcotráfico responde a tendencias que le son propicias y se adecúa a los cambios globales con mucha rapidez. El análisis de las incautaciones varía según la zona de producción de la cocaína que llega a Europa y procede en 95% de Brasil, Colombia y Perú. En este contexto, la Marina de Guerra del Perú cuya misión es salvaguardar la soberanía nacional y velar por la seguridad se involucra en el TID y como Autoridad Marítima Nacional - Dirección General de Capitanías y Guardacostas, en los ríos navegables: proteger el medio ambiente acuático y reprimir las actividades ilícitas. El trabajo de investigación busca mejorar la inadecuada vigilancia y control de patrullaje fluvial aéreo de las actividades ilícitas que afectan a los pobladores para completar el Sistema de Información y Monitoreo del Trafico Acuático (SIMTRAC) en la Zona del Napo y Putumayo (ZNP) mediante la recuperación de la capacidad de patrullaje fluvial aéreo del Escuadrón Aeronaval de la Amazonia. El fundamento teórico considera el tamaño del ámbito de influencia, las características agrestes de la ZNP, falta de vías de comunicación terrestre y las características de las organizaciones delictivas del TID y delitos conexos. Los resultados de los instrumentos aplicados muestran que el producto de innovación de política pública para solucionar la problemática corresponde a la adquisición de tres (03) aeronaves bimotor de Patrullaje Fluvial aéreo (APF) de ala alta, anfibia, con capacidad STOL, nueva, con equipos de apoyo de vuelo incorporado y equipamiento adicional para completar el Sistema de Información y Monitoreo del Trafico Acuático (SIMTRAC) en la ZNP y cuya viabilidad organizacional tanto política como de capacidad es muy probable, viabilidad económica muy probable y viabilidad normativa de ámbito y dificultades muy probable. El estudio concluye en que el producto de innovación de política pública es técnica y económicamente viable mediante un Proyecto de Inversión (PIP) a cargo de la Marina de Guerra del Perú.
Drug trafficking responds to trends that are conducive to it and adapts to global changes very quickly. The analysis of the seizures varies according to the production area of the cocaine that reaches Europe and comes 95% from Brazil, Colombia and Peru. In this context, the Peruvian Navy, whose mission is to safeguard national sovereignty and ensure security, is involved in the TID and as the National Maritime Authority - General Directorate of Captaincies and Coast Guard, in navigable rivers: protect the aquatic environment and suppress illicit activities. The Research work seeks to improve the inadequate surveillance and control of aerial fluvial patrol of illicit activities that affect the inhabitants to complete the Information System and Monitoring of Aquatic Traffic (SIMTRAC) in the Napo and Putumayo Area (ZNP) through the recovery of the air river patrol capacity of the Amazon Naval Squadron. The theoretical foundation considers the size of the sphere of influence, the wild characteristics of the ZNP, the lack of land communication routes, and the characteristics of the criminal organizations of the TID and related crimes. The results of the applied instruments show that the product of public policy innovation to solve the problem corresponds to the acquisition of three (03) twin-engine, highwing, amphibious airborne patrol aircraft (APF), with new STOL capacity, with flight support equipment incorporated and additional equipment to complete the Aquatic Traffic Information and Monitoring System (SIMTRAC) in the ZNP and whose political and capacity organizational viability is highly probable, highly probable economic viability and regulatory viability of scope and difficulties very likely. The study concludes that the public policy innovation product is technically and economically viable through an Investment Project (PIP) in charge of the Peruvian Navy.

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Duffó, Chapilliquén Danna Francesca. "Comando Matico: el uso de medios digitales para hacer frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20535.

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La pandemia por Covid-19 ha implicado la agudización de diversas crisis a nivel mundial. Las poblaciones amazónicas se han visto particularmente afectadas, siendo esta una región históricamente desatendida por el Estado en materia de servicios y derechos básicos. Frente a este contexto, el Comando Matico nace en mayo de 2020 con el propósito de brindar atención médica a base del consumo de plantas, volviendo a poner en valor conocimientos y prácticas shipibas. Hoy en día, se va perfilando como un proyecto de largo plazo, con expectativas hacia la creación de un hospital intercultural. Desde un enfoque de etnografía virtual, el presente trabajo pretende investigar el papel de los medios digitales para alcanzar tales logros. Se plantea la pregunta general: ¿Cuáles son los usos que el Comando Matico hace de, en y a través de la plataforma de Facebook para hacer frente a la pandemia por Covid-19? Con el fin de responderla, se espera identificar las motivaciones para la participación en el proyecto, cuáles son las interacciones en el Fanpage, y las acciones colectivas generadas a partir de estas. Para la formulación del Estado de la cuestión, se parte de cuatro ejes temáticos: el ciberespacio y lo socio-digital, la política indígena en la Amazonía contemporánea, los usos de medios digitales por parte de pueblos indígenas, e investigaciones concernientes al pueblo shipibo-konibo desde la antropología. En la revisión bibliográfica se evidencia una falta de enfoque sobre las redes sociales virtuales (i.e. Facebook) como plataformas de organización ciudadana y liderazgo, más allá de las instancias convencionales de política y gobierno indígenas. El contexto de la pandemia, con las crisis que conlleva, ha sido un escenario propicio para la articulación de saberes y prácticas en favor de quienes las necesitan, pero también como parte de un proceso reivindicatorio del pueblo shipibo-konibo.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amazonian region'

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