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Academic literature on the topic 'Amazonie (Équateur)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Amazonie (Équateur)"
Legeard, Nathanaël. "En Équateur, la lutte organisée des associations contre l'exploitation pétrolière en Amazonie." Pour 223, no. 3 (2014): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pour.223.0287.
Full textRostain, Stéphen. "Les tertres artificiels du piémont amazonien des Andes, Équateur1." Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie, no. 111/112 (April 30, 2008): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/nda.380.
Full textRossel, F., P. Le Goulven, and E. Cadier. "Répartition spatiale de l'influence de l'ENSO sur les précipitations annuelles en Équateur." Revue des sciences de l'eau 12, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705348ar.
Full textDichy-Malherme, Sarah. "L’unité éducative Amauta Ñanpi (Puyo, Amazonie équatorienne)." Diglossie et bilinguisme en Équateur, no. 3 (November 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35562/elad-silda.596.
Full textPiccoli, Emmanuelle. "Justice paysanne." Anthropen, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.016.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Amazonie (Équateur)"
Gravelin, Blandine. "Les effets du pétrole sur l'organisation socio-spatiale en Amazonie équatorienne." Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030011.
Full textIn the napo province (ne of ecuador), the discovery of oil fields in the 60's has led to the construction of a highway from quito to working zone. It is located around 300m over sea level, on well drained soils. Access from the andean regions and local roads induce the arrival of migrants looking for free land. Settlement and agriculturial development meet geopolitical aims of the country's governements, but very little assistance nor understructure is given. The native groups adapt more or less to the new context. A dozen years after the first roads, oil exploitation goes on as the pionneers do. But colonization does not seem able to create an organized region with its urban network
Juteau-Martineau, Guilhem. "Quand les instruments de participation reconduisent l'incapacité politique : le cas de la régulation sociale et environnementale des activités pétrolières en Équateur." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/7252.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the social (Reynaud, 1987, 1991) and environmental regulation of oil activities in the Ecuadorian Amazon, through two case studies: the parishes of Pacayacu and Dayuma, where oil exploitation begins in the mid-1970s. From the 1990s, a series of publications (Little, 1992, UPPSAE, 1992, Kimerling, 1993, CESR, 1994, San Sebastian, 2000) links petroleum activities to different environmental, health and socio-cultural impacts. Their mediatization forces the state and oil companies to adopt a series of social and environmental standards. Recently, a series of instruments of institutionalized political participation claim to integrate local populations in the environmental regulation of oil activities. In this thesis, we study the implementation of these norms and their effects on the capacities of populations located in the area of influence of oil activities to collectively reduce their overall vulnerability (Wilches-Chaux, 1989). The historical evolution of the structural vulnerability of populations, particularly economic and social, leads to the diversion of environmental standards from their primary objective (right to a healthy environment): on the one hand, people accept pollution in exchange for punctual economic and social favors granted by the companies; on the other hand companies agree to run off a portion of the oil profits to ensure social peace. We show that under the guise of reform, the new instruments (Lascoumes, Le Gales, 2012) fulfill a function of "socialwashing", staging the social acceptance of oil activities by the populations with the aim of producing an image effect (social participation) in the service of promoting the expansion of the oil border in new territories
Zurita, Benavides Maria Gabriela. "Du "temps du tapir" à nos jours : les marques du temps dans le paysage : Perspectives de deux villages waorani sur les relations entre les espaces forestiers et le temps en Amazonie équatorienne." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0032.
Full textThe Waorani people live in the Amazon rainforest of north-east Ecuador. The forest landscape in which they live is an open book describing the social and ecological history of their territory. The past activities of their forebears have left marks in the forest that contemporary Waorani can identify and use in their day-to-day life. The intersection between oral history and current plant management practices reveal a society of trekkers, whose subsistence is based around various economic activities, including hunting, gathering, agriculture and fishing. To these are also added various new and occasional waged jobs at oil companies operating in the forest, or within ethnic representative organizations. The mobility of the trekkers is generally considered incompatible with their subsistence, which is based on hunting, gathering and agriculture, both from an evolutionary theory as well as a cultural anthropology standpoint. In the first section we propose a new reading of the complementarity of these activities amongst what is considered an egalitarian society. The resources management practices of Waorani society have fluctuated throughout their history in accordance with the economic and political balances over time, but they have neverthelesstransformed the natural environment and left some clear historical footprints. Oral histories of the Waorani refer to various landscape elements to transport the audience to the past; places and plants are thus present in the construction of collective memory. Historical episodes are spatially located, but temporal distance is also reported. The study of Waorani oral history has enabled me to build an analytical tool - “Waorani time categories” - that allow the identification of time periods that relate to historical events associated with transformations or modifications of floristic composition in a given place. The combination of social history and botanical patterns in these forests help shed light on the logics of appropriation, which illustrate the motivations for returning to certain places and reviving some past management practices. Plants are studied as objects accompanying human actions. All management practices are analyzed in this thesis: from the simplest act of picking up a stem, to those that suppose a social organization, such as agricultural practices. Plant life is studied through a Waorani lens: that is to say according to the manner in which the Waorani order their representations, such as local plant use categories and other nature classifications. The Waorani conception of plants as elements of their society is examined through their life histories and narratives of social history. The reconstruction of the oral history of two family clusters associated with trees and palms scattered about the landscape has allowed me to interpret the relationships that the Waorani have with the plant life surrounding them. These are presented following the order of “Waorani time categories”, that is to say, from mythical times to the present. The Waorani conception of plants is apprehended through the linkages between of management practices and collective memory. This dissertation enhances our understanding of the spatial, temporal and social dimensions of the Waorani landscape. The approach reproduces the Waorani mechanism of social reproduction: oral histories composed of both cultural traits and local ecological knowledge. The impact of the Waorani people is evident in forest transformations, which helps in turn to explain the social and ecological processes that shape the observable state of the forest today
Cárdenas, Muñoz Rafael Enrique. "Traits fonctionnels de la diversité végétale et faunistique affectant l’herbivorie et la décomposabilité des feuilles dans une forêt pluvieuse Néotropicale (Parc National Yasuní - Équateur)." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA060688.
Full textBignon, François. "La guerre entre le Pérou et l’Équateur et la nationalisation des frontières andines (1933-1945)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2020theseBignonFComplet.pdf.
Full textThe memory of the war that opposed Peru’s and Ecuador’s armies from July to August 1941 has been darkened by the global blast and nationalist irreconcilable accounts. This study intends to do a total approach of the event that decisively shaped both nations by analyzing diplomatic, military, and media data. The 1941 battles are part of a longstanding regional process of nationalizing the borderlands, understood as state-building and the mandate to adopt exclusive national identity, where transborder populations were traditionally bi-national or no-national. This particular moment has been seized by those populations and by all political parties as a way to claim their national roots. Both Andean states were able to achieve the promise of nation-building even in borderlands where their presence had been extremely limited, specially in the Amazon region, integrating them into the imagined community. This incomplete fulfillment has been driven by the making of a state bureaucracy dominated by the armies that deployed their social ambition of a total institution, as by the international Pan-American system sharing the same border ideal, that improved its instruments of collective security. Borderlands defined by a lack of national and geographical definitions were replaced by a consensual and interiorized borderline. The Andean conflict may have closed a continental cycle that started with the process of independence
Labarthe, Sunniva. "La légende dispersée de l’affaire Chevron en Équateur : le pari manqué de la transnationalisation des droits de l’homme et de l’environnement (1993-2020)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0148.
Full textEcuador seems to have emerged as the big loser from the transnational lawsuit generallybaptized "the Chevron case." Fueled by a variety of private actors since 1993, this historic lawsuitfavored Chevron in international arbitration tribunals even though operations by the American oilcompany, originally Texaco, contaminated the Ecuadorian Amazon. This legal case is unique interms of its duration and the magnitude of its economic, financial and political stakes ; it is alsounique for its procedural complexity given the transnational character of the case, the density of itswritten documentation, and the infinite twists and turns involving a large number of protagonists. Theemblematic re-victimization of the small Latin American country by international courts of tradearbitration calls for a socio-historical approach of the judicial process, combining studies on theinternational defense of human rights and nature, the evolution of Ecuadorian political life and thedevelopment of the international market for legal services. This legal case that set a negativeprecedent for all parties brought North-American litigation to the forefront of Ecuadorian socialmovements, calling into question the perspectives of a judicialization of great natural disasters thatare related extractivista forms of development in Latin America.Focusing on the Chevron Case in the Ecuadorian context since 2013, this thesis analyzes therelationship of transnational actors, in this case lawyers, to social organizations and the Ecuadorianstate as they represent the interests of victims of oil contamination. This analysis suggests that theevolution of this transnational judicial process should be understood in the logic of the NorthAmerican "activist lawyers", including pioneering entrepreneurs from both the poker industry andlitigation finance, even if the case has accompanied dynamics indigenous and environmental socialmovements that have engaged with it in a vriety of ways. Conceived on the basis of legal principlesand tools drawn from U.S. law, this recourse to justice was conceived, nurtured and defended by itsinventors as a form of profit-making activism : a business model for the defense of human rights and 10the environment. To circumvent the problem of the co-responsibility of the Ecuadorian State at theprocedural level, and then to obtain the political favor of the government and even its intervention inthe trial in order to obtain an extraordinary economic reward : this was their strategy, based on amercantile, financialized and speculative conception of law.The industrial exploitation of nature and indigenous peoples in Latin America has evolved fromTexaco’s black gold rush in the Amazon of the 1960s to the extra-activism of internationalspeculation in the decade 2000-2010 on the vein of the multi-billion-dollar sentence of theEcuadorian courts against Chevron. The "progressive neoliberalism" of the self-proclaimed legaldefenders of the Ecuadorian victims in the Chevron case was for a time able to mobilize resourcesfrom the "left-wing populism" of Rafael Correa Delgado's Citizen Revolution (2007-2017). From thepoint of view of this research, it is this common bet that failed against one of the bridgeheads of theoil industry, both in the field of law and business
Durango, Juan. "Impacts environnementaux de l'exploitation pétrolière en Amazonie équatorienne : de l'étude spatiale de la vulnérabilité à l'évaluation du risque." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30005.
Full textEcuador is the 5th oil producer in Latin America. Most of crude oil reserves lie beneath the north-eastern Ecuadorian Amazon (NEA), representing 15% of the entire country, yet encompassing high biodiversity and cultural heritage. Crude oil and gas production generate toxic wastes potentially polluting the environment. The methodology was set to evaluate hazards and environmental vulnerability, using score indexes and rankings, as independent components of risk. Then, they were combined using spatial overlay methods. An observed hindrance for risk analysis was the quality of public data that were used in this study. In this context, the first aim was to determine accidental oil spill volumes in well-documented oil blocks. Then, putative spill volumes were allocated to poorly-documented oil blocks to obtain a homogeneous map. The second aim was to map key atmospheric emissions associated to gas flaring, i.e., greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4) and black carbon (BC) particles. The third aim was to assess the potential vulnerability of natural heritage using regional scale proxies such as protection status and land use. Finally, the fourth aim was to exemplify the presented risk assessment approach by evaluating total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) potentially flowing to groundwater from oil pits. Main results indicate 10,000.2 t (909.1 t.yr-1; SD = 1,219.5) oil spilled in the NEA during the 2001-2011 period (11 years), according to recorded events. However, a 54.8% increase was found when extrapolating spill rates from well-documented oil blocks to poorly-documented ones. Spatial prediction accuracy ranged from 32 to 97%. Gas flared amounted to 7.6 Gm3 (760 Mm3.yr-1), equivalent to a range of 3.7 - 4.5 kt.yr-1 BC, during 2003-2012 lapse. Total petroleum hydrocarbons in unlined oil pits was estimated to 49,436.4 t. Several maps resulted from this thesis. Spatial emissions indicate spills and gas flaring are occurring at higher rates in settlements of Joya de los Sachas, Dayuma and Shushufindi. The natural heritage vulnerability maps indicated 42% of highly vulnerable surface at the most eastern side of the studied area. Groundwater vulnerability was low to medium in most areas; furthermore, the example considered for risk assessment of groundwater and unlined oil pits, indicated highest potential impacts in settlements of Nueva Loja, Tarapoa and Shushufindi. Publicly available data quality was found to be acceptable. For instance, when comparing airborne emission estimates with some other independent estimates only 2.5-fold difference was found at most. Spatial allocation accuracy of oil spills showed promising methodology for improving hazard mapping. Vulnerability assessment indicated natural heritage proxies to be suitable for building vulnerability indexes at regional scale as land use is significantly correlated to species richness, and protected areas are efficiently conserved in the long term, thus conveying some information on ecological integrity. Moreover, there was only 8.8% of spatial incongruence between the two proxies. Groundwater vulnerability mapping indicated gaps in knowledge that were discussed; some distance thresholds were proposed to select validation sites in future studies. In conclusion, estimates and maps obtained may be valuable for safety and security monitoring, accountability of public institutions and land use planning to lessen future risks
Acosta, Altamirano María Fernanda. "Cultures de la naissance, entre la tradition et le biomédical : Étude comparative en Équateur et au Portugal." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2034/document.
Full textThe culture of birth is a ritual of passage which is the basis of the construction of identity for the motherand for the child. This transition is conceived in different ways in distinct cultural contexts.Based on an ethnographic work in Portugal and the Amazonia of Ecuador, we have identified threeexisting health systems: biomedicine or the official system (which was constituted as “official” from the19th century onwards), the traditional system or ancestral system, and the alternative system (in this case,embodied by doulas).In the framework of these three health systems, a culture of birth is woven into a discourse legitimizingtheir practices, which are presented as "adequate", and their representations.Although there are important differences between the procedures of the medical protocols - specific tothe formal health system, to the traditional health system, and to the alternative system - for the deliveryof childbirth, for pre-lactated feeding (colostrum feed), and for postpartum, we also found bridgesbetween them.Sometimes the boundaries between these different health systems, between tradition and modernity, areeither disappeared or blurred.Various practices are associated with representations relating to death, bodies, pain, health and diseaseparadigms, religion, cleanliness and hygiene, social ties, among others
Cadalen, Pierre-Yves. "Gouverner les communs environnementaux : l'Amazonie en Equateur et en Bolivie : conflictualité socio-écologique, échelles de pouvoir et espace global à l'heure de l'Anthropocène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0036.
Full textThis work is about power relations around environmental commons in Bolivia and Ecuador at the beginning of our century. The chronological limits are from the early 2000’s to 2014-2015. It consists in studying the interactions between socio-ecological conflictuality of Amazonian spaces in both countries with the international projections led by Rafael Correa’s government in Ecuador, and Evo Morales’ one in Bolivia. Indeed, the ecological issue has become central to the diplomatic narratives of those governments and has become crucial to their international influence strategies. The two first parts of the PhD. are dedicated to the modalities of the international projections, and to the way their acquired political autonomy was caught up. This phenomenon is inscribed in what I call Ecological Power Relations. The conclusions I drew from this phenomenon invite us to think about a general framework of analysis of those relations, whose strength must be tested later on. That is the heart of the third part. I introduce the concept of Eco-power, which would determine, given the structuring reality of the Anthropocene, new power configurations and dynamics. The tensions around the indigenous autonomy, the Peripheral States’ national sovereignty, and climate justice, are observed through this prism. Eco-power is defined as the polycentric power of life and death over the specie, whose instauration and inertia strength depend on the imposition of unique time and space representation
Cevallos, Nora Sofia. "Senti-pensar con la Selva. Luttes pour le territoire, l'autonomie et l'auto-détermination dans le contexte du Sumak Kawsay : le cas des peuples Kichwa et Waorani du Yasuni, Amazonie équatorienne." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0062.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the conflicts and resistances caused by the expansion of the oil frontier in the territory of the Kichwa, Waorani peoples and the Tagaeri and Taromenane isolation groups of the Yasuní National Park (northeast of the Ecuadorian Amazon). Since 2008, these peoples have been confronted with a paradoxical situation. On the one hand, the inscription in the Ecuadorian Constitution (2008), of the rights of the Indigenous Peoples, of the rights of the Nature as well as of the Sumak Kawsay or Buen Vivir, materializes the indigenous demands of the 90s for the defense of their identities and their territories; On the other hand, within the framework of the extractivist development model, the Ecuadorian State multiplies the policies favorable to oil exploitation, annulling the constitutional advances and giving rise to the reactivation of numerous socio-environmental conflicts. For 40 years, the implementation of different oil projects has drastically transformed the living conditions of the Kichwa and the Waorani of Yasuní. However, these projects have not been exempted from responses and resistances from the communities, who, resorting to historical memory and the traumas caused by extractivism, have managed to raise their voice and negotiate the terms and conditions of oil exploitation, creating at the same time spaces of participation and expression of their opinions. This thesis will show how the Kichwa and the Waorani of the Yasuní feel and think today the territory, the identity, the development and how, through the appropriation of elements of the environmental discourse and the rights that concern them, they redefine their notions of Buen Vivir and its collective and community forms of organization to deal with extractivism