Academic literature on the topic 'Amberlit IRA-96'

Milled Eucalyptus globulus wood samples were subjected to hydrothermal treatment under a variety of operational conditions in order to cause the hydrolytic degradation of glucuronoxylan. Liquors contained both hemicellulose-derived products (soluble products from xylan, mainly corresponding to substituted oligosaccharides and monosaccharides) and non- saccharide compounds. Liquors obtained under selected conditions were concentrated and subjected to ethyl acetate extraction (3 steps) and ion exchange (with Amberlite IRA 400 or Amberlite IRA 96) to decrease the content of non-saccharide components. The various streams involved in the whole process were assayed for composition, and material balances were formulated for the best results. The highest purification degree was obtained with Amberlite IRA 400, which led to a final isolate (consisting of monosaccharides, substituted oligosaccharides and non-volatile, non-saccharide components) containing 92.2 wt.% of saccharides and 7.76 wt.% of non-saccharide components (mainly phenolic compounds).

A study on the adsorption characteristic of Iron onto Poly[eugenol-co-(divinyl benzene)] (EDVB) from aqueous solution has been conducted. EDVB was produced and characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption was studied by a batch method by considering the factors affecting the adsorption such as initial metal ion concentration, adsorption selectivity, and mechanism of adsorption using a sequential desorption method. The adsorption of Iron onto EDVB followed a pseudo-2 order kinetics model with the rate constant of 0,144 L2 mmol-1 min-1. The adsorption isotherm was studied with Tempkin, Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption capacity (Qmax) obtained by Langmuir isotherms was 250mg.L-1 while the equilibrium value was 0.8 Lmg-1. A competitive adsorption study showed that EDVB is adsorbed selectively towards Iron rather than Chromium, Coppers and Cadmium ions. The interaction type of Iron onto EDVB was determined by a sequential desorption.Keywords: Polyeugenol; divinyl benzene (DVB); adsorption; Iron; FeReferencesAbasi, C. Y.; Abia, A.A.; Igwe, J.C. Adsorption of Iron (III), Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) Ions by Unmodified Raphia Palm (Raphia hookeri) Fruit Endocarp. Environ. Res. 2011, 5 (3), 104-113, ISSN: 1994-5396, Medwell Journals. DOI: 10.3923/erj.2011.104.113Baes, F. C.; Mesmer, R. E. The Hydrolisis of Cations; John Wiley: New York, 1976Bakatula, E.N.; Cukrowska, E.M.; Weiersbye, L.; Mihali-Cozmuta, L.;Tutu, H. Removal of toxic elements from aqueous solution using bentonite modified with L-histidine. Water Sci. Technol.2014, 70 (12),2022-2030, DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.450Bhattacharyya, K.G.; Gupta, S.S. Adsorption of Fe(III) from Water by Natural and Acid Activated Clays: Studies on equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of interactions. Adsorption. 2006, 12 (3), 185-204,DOI : 10.1007/s10450-006-0145-0Carmona, M..; Lucas, A.D.; Valverde, J.L.; Velasco, B.; Rodriguez, J.F. Combined adsorption and ion exchange equilibrium of phenol on Amberlite IRA-420.Chem. Eng. J.2006, 117, 155-160, Doi : 10.1016/j.cej.2005.12.013Debnath, S.; Ghosh, U.C. Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions by crystalline hydrous titanium oxide. J. Chem. Thermodin. 2008, 40: 67-77, DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2007.05.014Djunaidi, M.C.; Jumina; Siswanta, D.; Ulbricht, M. Selective Transport of Fe(III) Using Polyeugenol as Functional Polymer with Ionic Imprinted Polymer Membrane Method. Asian J. Chem. 2015, 27 (12): 4553-4562, DOI : 10.14233/ajchem.2015.19228Febriasari, A.; Siswanta, D.; Kiswandono, A.A.; Aprilita, N.H. Evaluation of Phenol Transport Using Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) with Polyeugenol as a Carrier. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan. 2016, Vol. 11, No. 2, 99-106, DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v11i2.5112Foldesova, M.; Dillinger, P.; Luckac, P. Sorption and Desorption of Fe(III) on Natural and chemically modified zeolite. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 1999, Vol. 242, No. 1 (1999), 227-230, DOI: 10.1007/BF02345926Gupta, V.K.;Sharma, S. Removal of cadmium and zinc from aqueous solutions using mud.Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36: 3612-3617, DOI: 10.1021/es020010vHandayani, D.S. Sintesis kopoli(eugenol-DVB) sulfonat dari Eugenol Komponen Utama Minyak Cengkeh Szygium aromaticum (Synthesis of copoly(eugenol-DVB) sulfonic from main components of eugenol clove oil Szygium aromaticum). Biopharmacy Journal of Pharmacological and Biological Sciences. 2004, 2 (2): 53-57 ISSN: 1693-2242. url : https://eprints.uns.ac.id/id/eprint/856Harimu, L.; Matsjeh, S.; Siswanta, D.; Santosa, S.J. Synthesis of Polyeugenyl Oxyacetic Acid as Carrier to Separate Heavy Metal Ion Fe(III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) that Using Solvent Extraction Mehod. Indo. J. Chem. 2009, 9 (2): 261-266.Ho, Y.S.; McKay, G. Pseudo-second Order Model for Sorption Processes. Process. Biochem. 1999, 34, 451-465, DOI: 10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5Ho, Y.S.; McKay, G.; Wase, D.A.J.;Forster, C.F. Study of Sorption Divalent Metal Ions on to Peat. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 2000, 18: 639-650. DOI : 10.1260/0263617001493693Indah, S.; Helard, D.;Sasmita, A. Utilization of maize husk (Zea mays L.) as low-cost adsorbent in removal of iron from aqueous solution. Water Sci. Technol. 2016, 73 (12), 2929-2935, DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.154Kiswandono, A.A.; Siswanta, D.; Aprilita, N.H.; Santosa, S.J. Transport of Phenol through inclusion polymer membrane (PIM) using copoly(Eugenol-DVB) as membrane carries. Indo .J. Chem. 2012, 12 (2): 105-112. Doi : 10.22146/ijc.667Kousalya, N.; Gandhi, M.R.; Sundaram, C.S.; Meenakshi, S. Synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite chitin/chitosan hybrid bio-composites for the removal of Fe(III).Carbohyd. Polym. 2010, 82: 594-599, DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.013Kumar, K.V.; Porkodi, K.;Rocha, F. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics – A theoretical study, Catalysis Communications. 2008, 9: 82-84, DOI:10.1016/j.catcom.2007.05.019Masel, R.I. Principles Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surface; John Wiley & Sons: Canada, 1996Moore, J. W.; Pearson, R.G. Kinetics and Mechanism Third Edition; John Wiley & Sons: Canada, 1981.Ngah, W.S.W.; Ghani, S.A.; Kamari, A. Adsorption Behaviour of Fe(II) and Fe(III) Ions in Aqueous Solution on Chitosan and Cross-linked Chitosan Beads. Bioresource. Technol. 2005, 96: 443-450. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.05.022Rahim, E.A.; Sanda, F.; Masuda, T. Synthesis and Properties of Novel Eugenol-Based Polymers. Polymer Bulletin. 2004, Vol. 5, 93-100, DOI: 10.1007/s00289-004-0272-2Samarghandi, M.R.; Hadi. M.; Moayedi, M.; Askari, F.B. 2009. Two Parameter Isotherms of Methyl Orange Sorption by Pinecone Derived Activated Carbon. Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 6 (4): 285-294.Setyowati, L. 1998. Pengaruh Penambahan Divinil Benzena (DVB) pada Kopolimerisasi Kationik Poli[eugenol-co-(divinil benzena)] dan Sifat Pertukaran Kation Kopoligaramnya (The Effect of divinylbenzene (DVB) Addition to Eugenol-DVB Cationic Copolymerization and Its Use As Cation-Exchanger), Thesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Shi, T.; Jia, S.; Chen, Y.; Wen, Y.; Du, C.; Guo, H.; Wang, Z. Adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) onto a vanadium mine tailing from aqueous solution. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 169: 838-846, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.020Sun, S.;Wang, A. Adsorption Kinetics of Cu(II) Ions Using N,O-Carboxymethyl-Chitosan. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, B131: 103-111, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.09.012Sun, S.; Wang, L.;Wang, A. Adsorption Properties of Crosslinked Carboxymethyl-chitosan Resin With Pb(II) as Template Ions. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, B136: 930-937, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.033Uzun, I.; Guzel, F. Adsorption of Some Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon and Comparison of Percent Adsorption Result of Activated Carbon with those of Some Other Adsorbents. Turk. J. Chem. 2000, 24: 291-297.Zou, X.; Pan, J.; Ou, H.; Wang, X.;Guan, W.; Li, C.; Yan, Y.; Duan, Y. Adsorptive removal of Cr(III) and Fe(III) from aqueous solution by chitosan/attapulgite composites: Equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 167: 112-121, DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.009

Carica papaya belongs to Carricaceae family, which has been proven traditionally to treat dengue fever due to its pharmacological properties to increase platelet count. However, during the critical phase of dengue fever, the platelet count will decrease due to the blood vessel rupturing. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to reduce the bitterness of Carica papaya extract by removing saponin and to study the effect of saponin-reducing extract on the proliferative activity of human lung fibroblast cell (IMR90). For preparative isolation of the saponin compound, peleg model was used to determine the maximum extract concentration, exhaustive time of extraction and total saponin content (TSC) using different weights of dry Amberlite® IRA-67 resin. The remaining saponins in the extract were quantified by mean of RP-HPLC prior to material balance. Then, approximately 1.0 x 104 cells of IMR90 were seeded onto 96-well plate and later treated with various concentrations of extracts for 3 days of incubation. The results showed that, the amount of saponin left in the extract was approximately the same as in the untreated extract (p<0.05). A short adsorption incubation time (2 hrs) was believed to affect the saponin adsorption efficiency. In fact, other bio-active constituents (e.g. polyphenolic compounds) might have been adsorbed as there was a significant depreciation of antioxidant properties on the treated extract (p<0.05). In conclusion, after three consecutively days of extracts-IMR90 cell incubation, the best EC50 values of both untreated and saponin-reducing extracts were observed to be more than 24 hrs of exposure ranging from 104.08 ± 0.90 to 17040.47 ± 2.30 µg/ml. Meanwhile, saponin-reducing extract has been proven not to affect any normal cell growth but in fact it decreased 1.2-fold as compared to the extract containing saponin (control).

This master thesis deals with an optimization of processes of isolation of ferulic acid from wheat bran. Process of isolation based on alkaline hydrolysis from the substance and its adsorption was tested. In the theoretical part were described wheat bran, adsorption proces and used methods. For adsorption were tested five types of adsorbents. Especially these adsorbents: activation carbon (2,53 ± 1,16 mg.l-1), Amberlyst A-21 (105,73 ± 11,87 mg.l-1, Amberlit XAD-16 (241,55 ± 10,42 mg.l-1), Amberlit IRA-900Cl (5,90 ± 0,68 mg.l-1) and Amberlit IRA-96 (189,16 ± 6,49 mg.l-1). As the most efficient adsorbent was determine Amberlit XAD-16. The whole process has underwent detailed optimization in order to maximize the purity of the final product. The isolate was characterized by HPLC and FTIR techniques for ferulic acid and related phenolic acids. Based on FTIR analysis was discovered that the isolate was contamined by proteins. A purification procedure based on deproteination of the raw material before the hydrolysis itself was proposed. As the ultimate solution that eliminated the presence of proteins in the isolate was determine ultrafiltration with capture of molecules with Mw > 10 KDa. Ferulic acid yield from one kilo of wheat bran was 1,00 ± 0,22 g.

FERREIRA, B. B. A. Avaliação das resinas de troca iônica (Amberlite IRA 67 e IRA 96) para adsorção de ácido lático obtido a partir do glicerol em coluna de leito fixo. 2017. 75 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química)–Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.
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Lactic acid is one of the main substances that can be obtained from the chemical conversion of glycerol via heterogeneous catalysis. Great attention has now been given to its use in the polymer industry. Monomers of the lactic acid molecule can be used for the production of poly lactic acid which has applications as biodegradable plastics. Thus, it is important to study and optimize lactic acid production, recovery and purification processes. A very promising technology in the separation and recovery of lactic acid consists of ion exchange chromatography, where ion exchange resins that can be easily regenerated are used. Of the advantages that the chromatography presents displays under other processes, it is possible to emphasize the reduction in the consumption of energy, volume of effluents and consumption of chemicals. The aim of this work was to perform a study on the adsorption of lactic acid (obtained from the conversion of glycerol resulting from the production of biodiesel) by ion exchange chromatography using Amberlite IRA 67 and IRA 96 resins. Adsorption isotherms were constructed at temperatures of 30 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C from the breakthrough curves obtained with different concentrations of lactic acid (40 - 160 g/L). With the data of lactic acid concentration for each studied condition, the adjustment of the adsorption isotherm model of Lamgmuir and Henry was made. Studies were also carried out on the separation and purification of a fixed bed column with lactic acid monocomponent solutions, glycerol monocomponent solutions, binary mixtures (lactic acid and glycerol) and real solution obtained from the chemical conversion of glycerol (via heterogeneous catalysis). The Linear Driving Force (LDF) model was used to reproduce the behavior of the breakthrough curves and to estimate mass transfer parameters using commercial gPROMS software. It was possible to conclude that the application of the proposed methodology for separation of lactic acid in fixed bed column presented better results when the temperature of 30 °C in both adsorbents. However, the Amberlite IRA 96 resin was the adsorbent that showed the best results regarding the adsorption capacity and recovery of the lactic acid after the elution step in the adsorption and desorption tests, presenting values of 33.1% (single-component solution), 34, 2% (binary mixture) and 22.9% (real solution). Both resins did not adsorb the glycerol and did not have affinity for this molecule. The model applied to obtain the simulated breakthrough curves for lactic acid under different concentration and temperature conditions predicted the experimental data well.
O ácido lático apresenta-se como uma das principais substâncias que pode ser obtida a partir da conversão química do glicerol via catálise heterogênea. Grande atenção tem sido dada atualmente à sua utilização na indústria de polímeros. Os monômeros da molécula de ácido lático podem ser usados para produção do poli ácido lático que tem aplicações como plásticos biodegradáveis. Assim, é importante o estudo e a otimização dos processos de produção, recuperação e purificação do ácido lático. Uma tecnologia bastante promissora na separação e recuperação de ácido lático consiste na cromatografia por troca iônica, onde são utilizadas resinas de troca iônica que podem ser facilmente regeneradas. Das vantagens que a cromatografia apresenta sob outros processos, pode-se destacar a redução no consumo de energia, volume de efluentes e consumo de químicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo sobre a adsorção de ácido lático (obtido da conversão do glicerol resultante da produção de biodiesel) por cromatografia de troca iônica pelas resinas Amberlite IRA 67 e IRA 96. Foram obtidas curvas de ruptura com diferentes concentrações de alimentação de ácido lático (40 - 160 g/L) e a partir delas foram construídas as isotermas de adsorção nas temperaturas de 30 °C, 40 °C e 60 °C. Com os dados de concentração de ácido lático para cada condição estudada, foi feito o ajuste do modelo de isoterma de adsorção de Lamgmuir e de Henry. Foram também realizados estudos sobre a separação e purificação em coluna de leito fixo com soluções monocomponentes de ácido lático, soluções monocomponentes de glicerol, misturas binárias (ácido lático e glicerol) e solução real obtida da conversão química do glicerol (via catálise heterogênea). O modelo de Força Motriz Linear (LDF) foi empregado para reproduzir o comportamento das curvas de ruptura e para estimar parâmetros de transferência de massa, utilizando o software comercial gPROMS. Foi possível concluir que a aplicação da metodologia proposta para separação do ácido lático em coluna de leito fixo apresentou melhores resultados quando foi utilizada a temperatura de 30 °C em ambos os adsorventes. Contudo, a resina Amberlite IRA 96 foi o adsorvente que mostrou melhores resultados quanto à capacidade de adsorção e recuperação do ácido lático após a etapa de eluição nos ensaios de adsorção e dessorção, apresentando valores de 33,1% (solução monocomponente), 34,2% (mistura binária) e 22,9% (solução real). Ambas as resinas não adsorveram o glicerol, não apresentando afinidade por esta molécula. O modelo aplicado para obtenção das curvas de ruptura simuladas para o ácido lático sob diferentes condições de concentração e temperatura, previu bem os dados experimentais.