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Journal articles on the topic 'Ambient air concentration'
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Khan, S., A. S. Alaamer, and S. N. A. Tahir. "ASSESSMENT OF 7BE CONCENTRATION IN OUTDOOR AMBIENT AIR." Health Physics 95, no. 4 (October 2008): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hp.0000318885.73725.fa.
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Baltrėnas, Pranas, Mindaugas Kvasauskas, and Klaus-Dieter Frőhner. "INFLUENCE OF STEVEDORING OPERATIONS OF LIQUID AND POWDERY FERTILIZERS AT KLAIPEDA STATE SEAPORT ON THE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2006): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2006.9636880.
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Economic operations carried out at Klaipeda State Seaport negatively affect the quality of the ambient air. To assess the atmosphere pollution in northern Klaipeda caused by economic operations at the Port, investigation was carried out from June to November. This paper surveys the influence of stevedoring and transportation of liquid and powdery fertilizers on the ambient air. Measurements of ammonia and phosphorus acid concentrations in the air showed that the concentrations and distribution of ammonia concentrations were for the most part influenced by meteorological conditions – the wind force and relative air humidity – as well as by transportation of liquid fertilizers. The largest excess of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ammonia concentration was recorded in June: at daytime and in the evening it was higher 1,1 time, and at night – 2,2 times. In September, October and November ammonia concentrations in the ambient air did not exceed the MPC. Excess of phosphorus acid concentrations in the ambient air was detected in June (1,2 time at daytime) and July (at daytime and in the evening) in the closest proximity of the Liquid Fertilizer Transhipment Terminal.
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Herawati, Peppy, Anggrika Riyanti, and Ageng Pratiwi. "Hubungan Konsetrasi NO2 Udara Ambien Terhadap Konsentrasi NO2 Udara Dalam Ruang Di Lampu Merah Simpang Jelutung Kota Jambi." Jurnal Daur Lingkungan 1, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/daurling.v1i1.1.
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ABSTRACTTtransportation is one of the factors that have a major influence in air quality decline. Air pollution is not only happening outside the room and will mobilization activities of motor vehicles, but it can affect air quality in space. One of the pollutant gas produced from vehicles is the concentration of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). This allows an exposure that will impact on public health. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of NO2 air ambient concentration (outdoor) to indoor air (indoor) in Simpang Jelutung Red Lights area. The method used in this study is quantitatif method. Data collection using sampling NO2 concentration in outdoor and indoor. The relationship between outdoor and indoor NO2 concentrations was analyzed using Pearson correlation. This is in line with the small influence of air NO2 concentration in space on public health. Result shows that all of the sample is still categorized either or not passing the air quality standard (150 μg / m3) in Government Regulation Number 41 Year 1999. The correlation analysis result show relationship NO2 concentration between ambient air (outdoor) to indoor air was 13%, which means that correlation relationship is very weak. Keywords: Ambient air, indoor air, NO2 concentration
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Riyanti, Anggrika, Peppy Herawati, and Nyimas Hazana Pajriani. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi NO2 Udara Ambien pada Daerah Padat Kendaraan Terhadap Konsentrasi NO2 Udara Dalam Ruang (Studi Kasus di Kawasan Simpang Pulai Kota Jambi)." Jurnal Daur Lingkungan 1, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/daurling.v1i2.12.
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Transportation sector has a very big influence in air pollution. Increase the number of vehicles will caused higher air pollution, such as NO2. The increase in ambient air pollution is feared to have an impact on indoor air pollution. This study purposed is to determine the relationship between NO2 concentration in ambient to indoor air. This study used kuantitatif methods with purposive sampling for one month in Simpang Pulai Jambi City. The relationship between NO2 concentration of ambient air and indoor air was analyzed using simple pearson correlation. The result showed that there was no significant relationship between NO2 concentration in ambient to indoor air with correlation value (r) is 0,437. The highest NO2 concentration found on the third week in ambient 109,139 µg/m3and indoor air 70,133 µg/m3. From analysis in one month showed that NO2 concentration in Simpang Kawat Jambi City still meet the air quality standard (150 μg / m3) in Government Regulation Number 41 Year 1999 about Air Pollution Control.
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Shirinzadeh, B., Charles C. Wang, and D. Q. Deng. "Diurnal variation of the OH concentration in ambient air." Geophysical Research Letters 14, no. 2 (February 1987): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl014i002p00123.
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Telyatnikova, A. M., S. V. Fedorov, and A. V. Kudryavtsev. "MONITORING OF AMBIENT AIR AND AIR INSIDE A SURGE CHAMBER." Water and Ecology 25, no. 4 (2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.4.58-66.
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Introduction. When sewage is transported along sewer pipes, sewer gases are actively formed and released. Special attention (in terms of desorption capacity) should be paid to surge chambers characterized by changes in the flow and flow arrival conditions, as well as by drop flow. The release of sewage gases has an adverse effect on sanitary and environmental safety. Therefore, it is required to control sewage gases’ release and assess the condition of the ambient air and the air in the surge chamber space. Methods. We selected a surge chamber in Cherepovets for monitoring. The experiment included: 1) measurements of sewer gases’ concentrations in the surge chamber and in the ambient air near the hatch; 2) analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide concentration in sewage; 3) recording of climate characteristics. Results. Based on the monitoring results, we determined the concentrations of sewer gases in the surge chamber. It has been found that gases leave the chamber in portions, which is due to aerodynamic processes and airing owing to incomplete air tightness. The relationship between the gas concentrations recorded at the same time in the surge chamber and the ambient air is reversed. The analysis of wastewater samples showed that most part of hydrogen sulfide leaves the water medium before wastewater enters the air space of the surge chamber. This is due to the absence of overpressure in the last headrace section. Besides, the maximum allowable concentrations were exceeded manifold both in the chamber and in the ambient air near it. Conclusion. The monitoring results confirm that it is required to develop: methods for assessing the environmental impact of surge chambers; methods for predicting total and one-time maximum emissions in the facilities; recommendations for setting the boundaries of sanitary protection zones around such facilities.
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Sulistiani, Ika, I. GD Yudha Partama, Sang Putu Kaler Surata, and I. Ketut Sumantra. "DINAMIKA KUALITAS UDARA AMBIEN SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KAWASAN INDONESIA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION NUSA DUA BALI." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 15, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2021.v15.i01.p11.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has increased the improvement of air quality in various countries in the world, such as China, Italy, New York, India, Spain and Korea. This study aims to compare ambient air quality during the Covid-19 pandemic with new normal and normal periods, assess the effect of meteorological factors on ambient air quality, and map the spatial distribution of ambient air quality during the normal, Covid-19 pandemic and new normal in the ITDC Nusa Dua area. Air concentration parameter data and meteorological factors were collected using the midget impinger and direct reading method in 2019 (normal period), March and May 2020 (Covid-19 pandemic period) and July, September, and November 2020 (new normal period). Furthermore, comparing air quality using the Anova test, assessing the effect of meteorological factors on air quality using a linear regression test, and mapping the distribution of ambient air using the ArcGis 10.8 application. The analysis showed that the air quality during the Covid-19 pandemic and the new normal was significantly different from the normal period. The concentrations of SO2, NO2, NH3, CO, TSP and H2S during the Covid-19 pandemic and normal just decreased while the O3 concentration increased compared to the normal period. The meteorological factor that affects air quality is the wind speed, the higher the wind speed the lower the O3 concentration. Map of the distribution of spatial concentrations of SO2, NO2, NH3, CO, O3 and H2S in the normal, Covid-19 pandemic and new normal, lowest at the coast point of the peninsula and the highest distribution at the ITDC roundabout, bima statue or influence TSP is the highest spatial concentration of normal distribution at the ITDC roundabout and the bima statue, while the Covid-19 pandemic and normal are only at the coast point of the peninsula beach.Keywords: ambient air quality; Covid-19; pandemic; tourism.
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Szyszkowicz, Mieczysław. "The concentration-response functions for short-term exposure to ambient air pollution." Polish Journal of Public Health 131, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2021-0002.
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Abstract Introduction. There are a few statistical approaches to estimate health impacts of the ambient air pollution concentrations. Air health effects are often studied in short-term exposure. In this context two main techniques are used; time-series and case-crossover (CC). This work focuses on the CC methodology. In the standard method risk is estimated using log-linear models. Aim. This work proposes other types of the models. Material and methods. The CC design is applied with various transformations of air pollution concentration. The mortality data are used for the period from 1987 to 2015 for Toronto, Canada. Daily concentration level of ambient ozone is considered as an exposure. The ozone concentration is transformed and used in the statistical models. The transformation is a product of two parts; a simple function such as logarithm and a logistic function as a weight. The transformed concentration is used in the CC statistical models. The models estimate the coefficient related to transformed concentration. It allows to construct the concentration-response function. The generated models are assessed using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results. The relative risks (RR), reported at 75th percentile of the concentration (55 ppb) are different. The standard CC model gives RR=1.0195 with the 95% confidence interval (1.0035, 1.0358), whereas the model with the transformation gives better fit and estimates RR=1.0054 (1.0026, 1.0082). Conclusions. The proposed methodology allows to construct an accurate approximation of the concentration-response functions. These functions provide adequate approximations and also identify a potential threshold.
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Eswaran, Sarojini, Bharathiraj L.T, and Jayanthi S. "Modelling of ambient air quality, Coimbatore, India." E3S Web of Conferences 117 (2019): 00002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911700002.
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Air pollution is dispersion of the particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into the Earth’s atmosphere, possibly causing diseases. Air pollutants can be either particles, liquids or gaseous. In the recent era, air pollution has become a major environmental issue because of the enhanced anthropogenic activities such as burning fossil fuels, natural gases, coal and oil, industrial process, advanced technologies and motor vehicles. The proposed project focused on air pollution study of North Coimbatore region (11° 0’ 16.4016’’ N and 76° 57’ 41.8752’’ E), Tamilnadu, India. The area comprises of industries, residential and commercial areas, where plenty of pollution occurs due to emissions from automobiles also. The main aim of the project is to develop models using GIS for the air pollutant concentration of Coimbatore region. In order to run the model, the concentration details of PM2.5 (Particulate mass) were collected. Prediction models have been evolved for the monitoring station to predict the concentration of pollutants (PM2.5) based on the different meteorological parameters and also vice versa. The project concludes that highly polluted places are Koundampalayam and Thudiyalur compared to all other monitoring stations.
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Pierce, A., D. Obrist, H. Moosmüller, X. Faïn, and C. Moore. "Cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensor development for high-time-resolution measurements of gaseous elemental mercury in ambient air." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 6 (June 5, 2013): 1477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1477-2013.
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Abstract. We describe further development of a previous laboratory prototype pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) sensor into a field-deployable system for high-time-resolution, continuous, and automated measurement of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in ambient air. We employed an external, isotopically enriched Hg cell for automated locking and stabilization of the laser wavelength on the GEM peak absorption during measurements. Further, we describe implementation of differential absorption measurements via a piezoelectric tuning element for pulse-by-pulse tuning of the laser wavelength onto and off of the GEM absorption line. This allowed us to continuously correct (at 25 Hz) for system baseline extinction losses unrelated to GEM absorption. Extensive measurement and calibration data obtained with the system were based on spike addition in both GEM-free air and ambient air. Challenges and interferences that occurred during measurements (particularly in ambient air) are discussed including temperature and ozone (O3) concentration fluctuations, and steps taken to reduce these. CRDS data were highly linear (r2 ≥ 0.98) with data from a commercial Tekran 2537 Hg analyzer across a wide range of GEM concentrations (0 to 127 ng m−3) in Hg-free and ambient air. Measurements during periods of stable background GEM concentrations provided a conservative instrument sensitivity estimate of 0.35 ng m−3 for the CRDS system when time averaged for 5 min. This sensitivity, along with concentration patterns observed in ambient air (with the CRDS system and verified with the Tekran analyzer), showed that the sensor was capable of characterizing GEM fluctuations in ambient air. The value of fast-response GEM measurements was shown by a series of GEM spike additions – highlighting that high-temporal-resolution measurement allowed for detailed characterization of fast concentration fluctuations not possible with traditional analyzers.
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Ardyanto, Rizqi Dwi, Slamet Santoso, and Siti Samiyarsih. "KEMAMPUAN TANAMAN GLODOGAN Polyalthia longifolia SONN. SEBAGAI PENEDUH JALAN DALAM MENGAKUMULASI Pb UDARA BERDASARKAN RESPON ANATOMIS DAUN DI PURWOKERTO." Scripta Biologica 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.37.
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Polyalthia longifolia is a plant that used as a roadside in Purwokerto. This study aimed to determine the ability of the plant P. longifolia in the air and accumulate Pb anatomic response to the Pb concentration in the leaves of P. longifolia. The methods of research used survey methods. Roadside plant leaf samples were taken by purposived sampling at six locationsmain street in Purwokerto, there are Jenderal Soedirman, Dr. Soeparno, HR. Bunyamin, Commisioner Bambang Soeprapto and Gerilya. The independent variable was the ambient air Pb and Pb leaf was the dependent variable. The main parameters investigated were air Pb concentrations, Pb leaves, stomata anatomical characters and thick mesophyll tissue. Parameter support was the traffic density. The results showed that the highest concentration of Pb in the air with a concentration of 0.1020 μg/m3 per hour on Gerilya street and the lowest in DR. Soeparno street with concentrations of 0.0048 μg/m3 per hour, it can be concluded that an ambient air Pb in six study sites are still under ambient air quality in Central Java, which is 2 μg/m3 per 24 hours. Leaf Pb concentration was highest in HR. Bunyamin street with a concentration of 0.4980 ± 0.004 ppm and lows in the DR. Soeparno street with concentrations of 0.2786 ± 0.008 ppm. Pb accumulated in leaves affects the density, length, and width of stomata and mesophyll tissue thickness P. longifolia. Pb concentrations was not correlate with the leaf Pb concentration P. longifolia. Pb concentrations of leaves of P. longifolia is closely linked with decreasing density of stomata and mesophyll tissue thickness but not related to the length and width of the stomata.
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Feig, G. T., S. Naidoo, and N. Ncgukana. "Assessment of ambient air pollution in the Waterberg Priority Area 2012-2015." Clean Air Journal 26, no. 1 (June 3, 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2410-972x/2016/v26n1a9.
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The Waterberg Priority Area ambient air quality monitoring network was established in 2012 to monitor the ambient air quality in the Waterberg Air Quality Priority Area. Three monitoring stations were established in Lephalale, Thabazimbi and Mokopane. The monitoring stations measure the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, O3, BTEX and meteorological parameters. Hourly data for a 31 month period (October 2012-April 2015) was obtained from the South African Air Quality Information System (SAAQIS) and analysed to assess patterns in atmospheric concentrations, including seasonal and diurnal patterns of the ambient concentrations and to assess the impacts that such reported pollution concentration may have. Local source regions for SO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 were identified and trends in the recorded concentrations are discussed.
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Freeman, Brian, Ed McBean, Bahram Gharabaghi, and Jesse Thé. "Evaluation of air quality zone classification methods based on ambient air concentration exposure." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 67, no. 5 (March 28, 2017): 550–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1263585.
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Bonn, B., A. Hirsikko, H. Hakola, T. Kurtén, L. Laakso, M. Boy, M. Dal Maso, J. M. Mäkelä, and M. Kulmala. "Ambient sesquiterpene concentration and its link to air ion measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 11 (June 11, 2007): 2893–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2893-2007.
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Abstract. Ambient air ion size distributions have been measured continuously at the Finnish boreal forest site in Hyytiälä since spring 2003. In general, these measurements show a maximum of air ions below 1.0 nm in diameter. But this physical characterization does not provide any information about the ion's chemical composition, which is one key question regarding the explanation of nucleation events observed. In this study we propose a link of the observed maximum of negative air ions between 0.56 and 0.75 nm to the so-called stabilised Criegee biradical, formed in the reaction of biogenic sesquiterpenes with ozone and predominantly destroyed by its reaction with ambient water vapour. Calculations of the electron and proton affinities of 120 kJ mol−1 (1.24 eV) and of 960 kJ mol−1 support this link. Other possible candidates such as sulphuric acid derived clusters are unable to explain the observations made. By using this approach, we are able to calculate the ambient concentration of sesquiterpenes at the air ion instrument inlet with a high time resolution on the daily and seasonal scale. The estimated concentration is found to reveal the same seasonal pattern as emission measurements conducted at shoot level. As expected for biogenic VOCs, the concentration is obtained highest during summer (maximum values of about 100 pptv) and smallest during winter (minimum less than 1 pptv). Because of the sesquiterpenes high reactivity and its low ambient concentrations, this approach can be a first step in understanding their emission and their impact on atmospheric chemistry in more detail. The findings presented are highly relevant for emission budgets too, since boreal forests are extended over large areas of the globe.
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Bonn, B., A. Hirsikko, H. Hakola, T. Kurtén, L. Laakso, M. Boy, M. Dal Maso, J. M. Mäkelä, and M. Kulmala. "Ambient sesquiterpene concentration and its link to air ion measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 6 (December 15, 2006): 13165–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-13165-2006.
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Abstract. Ambient air ion size distributions have been measured continuously at the Finnish boreal forest site in Hyytiälä since spring 2003. In general, these measurements show a maximum of air ions below 1.0 nm in diameter. But this physical characterization does not provide any information about the ion's chemical composition, which is one key question regarding the explanation of nucleation events observed. In this study we propose a link of the observed maximum of negative air ions between 0.56 and 0.75 nm to the so-called stabilised Criegee biradical, formed in the reaction of biogenic sesquiterpenes with ozone and predominantly destroyed by its reaction with ambient water vapour. Calculations of the electron and proton affinities of 120 kJ mol−1 (1.24 eV) and of 960 kJ mol−1 support this link. Other possible candidates such as sulphuric acid derived clusters are unable to explain the observations made. By using this approach, we are able to calculate the ambient concentration of sesquiterpenes at the air ion instrument inlet with a high time resolution on the daily and seasonal scale. The estimated concentration is found to reveal the same seasonal pattern as emission measurements conducted at shoot level. As expected for biogenic VOCs, the concentration is obtained highest during summer (maximum values of about 100 pptv) and smallest during winter (minimum less than 1 pptv). Because of the sesquiterpenes high reactivity and its low ambient concentrations, this approach can be a first step in understanding their emission and their impact on atmospheric chemistry in more detail. The findings presented are highly relevant for emission budgets too, since boreal forests are extended over large areas of the globe.
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Karunakara, N., SrinivasS Kamath, B. Narayana, RenitaShiny D'Souza, Rashmi Nayak, MP Mohan, BN Dileep, A. Baburajan, and PM Ravi. "Tritium concentration in ambient air around Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant." Radiation Protection and Environment 41, no. 1 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/rpe.rpe_20_18.
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NAKAGAWA, Ryozo. "Particulate mercury concentration and its behavior in urban ambient air." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 4 (1985): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1985.709.
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Lengyel, A., K. Héberger, L. Paksy, O. Bánhidi, and R. Rajkó. "Prediction of ozone concentration in ambient air using multivariate methods." Chemosphere 57, no. 8 (November 2004): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.043.
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Li, Chunyang, Shujie Wu, Guiyang Yu, Xuwei Yang, Gang Liu, and Wenxiang Zhang. "Removal of Low-concentration Ammonia from Ambient Air by Aluminophosphates." Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 34, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40242-018-7281-4.
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Rouf, MA, M. Nasiruddin, AMS Hossain, and MS Islam. "Trend of ambient air quality in Chittagong City." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2012): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13062.
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The ambient air quality data for particulate matter as well as criteria of gaseous pollutants were collected during December 2006 to December 2008 at the Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Station (CAMS) located at TV center, Pahartoli, Chittagong. It was observed that during April- October, 24 hour average concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 were within the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) level but it increased occasionally by more than two and a half times during the whole non-monsoon period (November-March). The highest values found of PM2.5 were 327 ?g/m3 and 254.9 ?g/m3 24 hour average concentration in January 2007 and December 2008 respectively. Whether, the highest alarming concentration of PM10 was reported as 545 ?g/m3 in January 2007. The other gaseous pollutants such as SO2, NO2, O3, CO and hydrocarbons remain well within the permissible limit except dry winter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13062 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 287-296 2012
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Richards, John, and Todd Brozell. "Compilation and Evaluation of Ambient Respirable Crystalline Silica Air Quality Data near Sand Quarries and Processing Facilities." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070903.
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Ambient respirable crystalline silica air quality is of concern to many communities near mineral processing facilities and to regulatory agencies serving these communities. Accurate air quality data are needed to compare measured respirable crystalline silica concentrations at the fencelines of mineral processing facilities with the published health effect guideline published by the California Office of Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). This article is a compilation and evaluation of air quality studies around a diverse set of nineteen sand producing facilities. The respirable crystalline silica air quality data compiled by Air Control Techniques, P.C. and most of the data compiled by other researchers cited in this article have been measured using EPA Reference Method samplers adjusted for respirable crystalline silica sampling and NIOSH Method 7500 X-ray diffraction analyses. The authors conclude that (1) the ambient concentrations in the diverse set of mineral processing facilities were consistently lower than the 3.0 microgram per cubic meter chronic reference exposure level (REL) adopted by OEHHA, (2) upwind-to-downwind fenceline concentration differences were small, and (3) the fenceline t concentrations were often at background concentration levels. The authors recommend additional sampling studies to better characterize background concentrations of ambient respirable crystalline silica.
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bte Radin Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira, Noor Maisara bte Jais, Farah Hanim bt. Che Aziz, Amir Hashim bin Mohd. Kassim, and Norzila Othman. "Heavy Metal Concentration in Ambient Air University Campus Located near the Industrial Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1189.
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This study aims to measure the concentration of heavy metals of concern Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) at three university campus buildings which was situated adjacent to an industrial district. Heavy metals particulates were sampled from the PM10 sampling device (Met One Instrument) in 24 hours sampling between lecture and holiday periods. Determination of heavy metals concentrations were conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the filter papers were digested with mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). These heavy metal concentrations were compared to the Standard Concentration on Air such as World Health Organization Health (WHO), Ambient Air Quality Criteria Act 1994 (AAQC), National Environment Protection Council (NEPS) and also Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). The comparison with Standard Concentration of Air shows that Cd and Cu have low concentrations 0.0033±0.0018 μg/m3 and 0.0894±0.0614 μg/m3 while Cr and Ni have high concentrations of 0.1882±0.0535 μg/m3 and 0.1278±0.0323 μg/m3 respectively. The Pb gives irregular result and high standard deviation of 2.0410±3.4999 μg/m3. This finding produces significant contribution to some knowledge of the level of heavy metals in the study area. It identifies research needs and suggests potential approaches to addressing outstanding problems.
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Jacob, R. H., D. W. Pethick, P. Clark, D. N. D'Souza, D. L. Hopkins, and J. White. "Quantifying the hydration status of lambs in relation to carcass characteristics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04093.
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An experiment was undertaken to determine the physiological effects of water deprivation on lambs before slaughter. The aim of this experiment was to develop a method for quantifying the hydration status of lambs in relation to any subsequent effects on carcass and meat characters. Forty-eight crossbred lambs were subjected to 1 of 4 treatments: (i) normal ambient air temperature with access to water; (ii) normal ambient with no access to water; (iii) high ambient air temperature with access to water; and (iv) high ambient air temperature with no access to water. The treatments were imposed for a period of 48 h, after which the lambs were slaughtered. Food was withheld from all lambs during this 48 h period. Serum and urine were collected from each lamb at 0, 24 and 48 h and the concentrations of a range of analytes measured. Muscle, viscera and gastrointestinal tract were sampled immediately after slaughter. Water deprivation for a period of 48 h caused an increase in liveweight loss but no change in hot carcass weight or dressing percentage. Water deprivation caused an increase in muscle dry matter concentration and osmolality. The concentrations of protein, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, creatinine, potassium or albumin in serum were not affected by water deprivation. The concentration of sodium and chloride ions in serum and urine increased with feed deprivation time in lambs which had no access to water, but did not change for lambs that had access to water. Interactions occurred between water access and ambient air temperature for some but not all parameters. A significant relationship was found between muscle dry matter concentration, serum sodium concentration and urine specific gravity. It was concluded that urine specific gravity is a sensitive indicator of water consumption. Serum sodium concentration and urine specific gravity used together may be useful to predict the muscle hydration status of lambs.
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Săndică, Ana-Maria, Monica Dudian, and Aurelia Ştefănescu. "Air Pollution and Human Development in Europe: A New Index Using Principal Component Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10020312.
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EU countries to measure human development incorporating the ambient PM2.5 concentration effect. Using a principal component analysis, we extract the information for 2010 and 2015 using the Real GDP/capita, the life expectancy at birth, tertiary educational attainment, ambient PM2.5 concentration, and the death rate due to exposure to ambient PM2.5 concentration for 29 European countries. This paper has two main results: it gives an overview about the relationship between human development and ambient PM2.5 concentration, and second, it provides a new quantitative measure, PHDI, which reshapes the concept of human development and the exposure to ambient PM2.5 concentration. Using rating classes, we defined thresholds for both HDI and PHDI values to group the countries in four categories. When comparing the migration matrix from 2010 to 2015 for HDI values, some countries improved the development indicator (Romania, Poland, Malta, Estonia, Cyprus), while no downgrades were observed. When comparing the transition matrix using the newly developed indicator, PHDI, the upgrades observed were for Denmark and Estonia, while some countries like Spain and Italy moved to a lower rating class due to ambient PM2.5 concentration.
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Kundu, Snigdha, and Asim Pal. "Estimation of Air Quality in the Opencast Mine of Jharia Coal Field, India." Current World Environment 10, no. 2 (August 24, 2015): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.2.37.
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A systematic air quality assessment study was carried out at Rajapur opencast mine in Jharia Division as per standard guideline. The average concentration of SPM, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were observed to be in the range of 294 to 965μg/m3, 100 to 498 μg/m3 and 85 to 296 μg/m3 respectively. The SO2 and NOx concentration were in the range of 48.2 to 98.2μg/m3 and 32.8 to 149.39 μg/m3 respectively. The trace metals concentration in PM10, e.g., lead, nickel, arsenic etc. were also analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy technique and were observed to be 0.380 ± 0.009 μg/m3, 0.06 ±0.02 μg/m3, and 0.00432±0.028 μg /m3 respectively. The observed concentrations were then compared with National ambient air quality standard (NAAQS, 2009) and Ambient Air quality Standard for existing as well as new Coal Mines (CMS, 2000). Most of them were found exceeding the statutory norms.
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Bagyo Santoso, Irwan, and Bambang Widjanarko Otok. "Determination of sample size for evaluation greenspace using the cumulative concentration levels of carbon dioxide in ambient air." International Journal of Academic Research 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-1/a.21.
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Nayeem, A. A., M. S. Hossain, and A. K. Majumder. "Characterization of Inhalable Ground-Level Ambient Particulate Matter in Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i4.45802.
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The capital Dhaka of Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated and air polluted cities in the world. This study is aimed to assess the trend of Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) from 2013 to 2018 in relation to meteorological parameters. PM data were collected from the Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS) at Darus Salam point in Dhaka city. CAMS gather air samples through beta gauge instrument which measures the volume of gas extracted through the stack/duct and calculates mass concentration. In the present study, PM2.5 was 54 % of that of PM10 which is fine particulate matter. PM2.5 and PM10 had the lowest concentration in the month of July due to the highest rainfall rate whereas it was highest in the months of January and December. In addition, annual average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 is observed to be 5-6 times higher than Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard (BNAAQS) while higher PM concentrations were observed in winter seasons. This study found significantly inverse association between ground-level PM and meteorological parameters in Dhaka city. Air pollution is deteriorating rapidly in Dhaka city and it is high time to implement the Clean Air Act urgently to reduce such destruction.
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Chelani, A. B., and M. Z. Hasan. "Forecasting nitrogen dioxide concentration in ambient air using artificial Neural‐networks." International Journal of Environmental Studies 58, no. 4 (June 2001): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230108711345.
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Mukooza, Edward Kibikyo. "Health Risk Associated with Near-Road Ambient Air Concentration of Particulate Matter in Mukono Municipal Council, Uganda." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.01.art014.
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More than 98% of urban centres exceeding 100,000 people in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), do not meet the WHO air quality limits. Data on air pollution from LMICs is scarce. We measured the mean concentrations of near-road PM2.5 in the period of Aug.-Dec. 2020, described the Mukono Municipality’s near-road populations’ exposure to PM2.5, and assessed the associated health risk. PurpleAir PA-II laser particle counters, measured near-road ambient air PM2.5 concentration in Mukono Municipality during the period of 09/1/20 to 12/04/20. Excel Toolpak was used for data analysis and the health risk assessed with the WHO AirQ+ tool. The mean ambient near–road PM2.5 in Mukono Municipality were 30.97, 33.84 and 47.74 ug/m3for background, near-unpaved and near-paved roads, respectively. Mukono Municipality’s population was exposed to ambient PM2.5 concentrations higher than the WHO annual limit of 10 ug/m3. This level of air pollution is associated with preventable annual premature deaths of up to 133.11 per 100,000 population. Vehicles were assumed to be the predominant source of near-road ambient air PM2.5 pollution. The Municipality’s population was exposed to near-road ambient air PM2.5 exceeding the WHO annual limit by as much as *4.7 for the paved roads, *3.3 for the unpaved roads and *3 for the background. This leads to increased risk of preventable premature deaths in the Municipality.Mukono Municipality could monitor PM2.5; guide developers to placebuildings more than 100 meters away from roadsides and should promotepolicies for newer vehicles on Ugandan roads.
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Jena, Sridevi, Atahar Perwez, Gurdeep Singh, and Ashok Dubey. "Investigation of Impacts of Mining and Transportation Activities on Ambient Air Quality of Dhanbad City." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.35.
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The present study was intended to emphasize the assessment of ambient air quality of Dhanbad city with respect to PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX concentrations, in order to investigate the impact of mining and transportation activities. From the monitoring and analysis at four selected monitoring stations during winter and summer seasons, significant spatial variation in pollutant (PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX) concentrations is quite evident. The concentrations of PM10 were observed highest in mining area (at Dhansar PS; 291 µg/m3), whereas the PM2.5 the concentrations were observed higher along traffic routes (especially, at Bank More; 218 µg/m3). Higher concentratios of PM10 in mining area indicates the substantial impact of dust emanated from mining and associated activities on air quality. Whereas, the higher PM2.5 concentration along the transportation routes shows the influence of transportation activities on the airshed of the area. The significant seasonal variation in pollution levels is also apparent, as the concentrations of every pollutant were observed higher during the winter, than the summer season, at all sites. The mean concentration levels of PM10 and PM2.5 were observed 267 µg/m3, 173 µg/m3 and 234 µg/m3, 108 µg/m3 during winter and summer seasons, respectively. From the calculated values of air quality index, it is evident that Dhansar PS and Bank More are most polluted sites and PM10 is the most alarming pollutant in the area under investigation.
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Lo, Kuo-Cheng, and Chung-Hsuang Hung. "Forming High Ozone Concentration in the Ambient Air of Southern Taiwan under the Effects of Western Pacific Subtropical High." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/352630.
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Due to the distinct geographical and meteorological conditions of Taiwan, air pollutants concentrations in the ambient air of it may vary with seasons. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the formation of high O3concentration in the ambient air of Southern Taiwan during summers. A high O3concentration case occurring between June 28 and July 2, 2013, was modeled and analyzed with WRF-Chem meteorological and air quality model. During the investigated period, a typical western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) covered most East Asia, including Taiwan and its surrounding areas. The observations showed strong correlations between WPSH invasion and forming high O3concentrations. The dispersion of air pollutants in the ambient air is not sufficient to dilute their concentrations. In the afternoon of June 30, more than 60% of the air quality monitoring stations found O3concentrations exceeding 100 ppb, which were 2~3 times higher than their normal concentrations. Model simulation results verified that the presence of the WPSH hindered the dilution and transportation of air pollutants in ambient air. In addition, the air quality would be getting worse due to the leeward sides caused by the counter clockwise vertex formed in Southwestern Taiwan.
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Dobeic, Martin, Vincenc Butala, Matjaž Prek, Jan Leskovšek, and Žiga Švegelj. "Fundamentals of Odour Assessment in Slovenia." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 642–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.6795.
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From a sociological and economic perspective, odour pollution is one of the most complex problems in the field of air quality. Therefore, various approaches and odour impact criteria are particularly relevant when assessing odour exposure in the areas of different land use. The number of odour assessment methods is limited, and the lack of analytical techniques to determine odour concentration makes odour assessment even more complex. It is essential to analyse the spatial and temporal distribution of odour concentrations in order to assess odour nuisance in the ambient air. Since sampling of odorous air in the field for subsequent determination of odour concentrations in a laboratory by dynamic olfactometry is time-consuming, two approaches are used to assess odour concentrations in ambient air: estimating odour concentration by field inspection and calculation of odour concentrations using atmospheric dispersion models. The latter is the most commonly used technique. Our study aimed to provide fundamentals for an odour regulatory framework in Slovenia. While a multitude of approaches is presently applied to establish odour regulation framework, a broader approach remains lacking. Various odour emission sources were identified to evaluate available methods and techniques to assess odour impact. The impact area was selected to analyse and compare the impact of different odour sources in terms of odour concentration, odour frequency, odour offensiveness, land use, and receptor location. Finally, odour impact criteria were set according to odour offensiveness and concentration, percentile compliance level and land use.From a sociological and economic perspective, odour pollution is one of the most complex problems in the field of air quality. Therefore, various approaches and odour impact criteria are particularly relevant when assessing odour exposure in the areas of different land use. The number of odour assessment methods is limited, and the lack of analytical techniques to determine odour concentration makes odour assessment even more complex. It is essential to analyse the spatial and temporal distribution of odour concentrations in order to assess odour nuisance in the ambient air. Since sampling of odorous air in the field for subsequent determination of odour concentrations in a laboratory by dynamic olfactometry is time-consuming, two approaches are used to assess odour concentrations in ambient air: estimating odour concentration by field inspection and calculation of odour concentrations using atmospheric dispersion models. The latter is the most commonly used technique. Our study aimed to provide fundamentals for an odour regulatory framework in Slovenia. While a multitude of approaches is presently applied to establish odour regulation framework, a broader approach remains lacking. Various odour emission sources were identified to evaluate available methods and techniques to assess odour impact. The impact area was selected to analyse and compare the impact of different odour sources in terms of odour concentration, odour frequency, odour offensiveness, land use, and receptor location. Finally, odour impact criteria were set according to odour offensiveness and concentration, percentile compliance level and land use.
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Fang, Guor-Cheng, Yuh-Shen Wu, Chih-Chung Wen, Chi-Kwong Lin, Shih-Han Huang, Jui-Yeh Rau, and Chung-Po Lin. "Concentrations of nano and related ambient air pollutants at a traffic sampling site." Toxicology and Industrial Health 21, no. 9 (October 2005): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233705th234oa.
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A micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) and a nano-MOUDI were used to measure the atmospheric coarse (PM2.5- 10), fine (PM2.5), ultrafine (PM0.056 - 1) and nano (< 0.056 μm) particle concentrations and size distributions at a traffic sampling site in winter in central Taiwan, from November 2004 to January 2005. Concentrations of metallic elements (Fe, Mg, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu) and major ion (SO2-4; NO-3; NH+4) in particles of various sizes (nano, ultrafine, fine and coarse) were measured. Ambient air particulates generally exhibited a bimodal size distribution in the range 0.056-10 mm. The results show that the concentrations followed the order, Fe-Mg-Cr-Zn-Pb-Cu in PM10, fine, ultrafine and nano-sized particles. Moreover, the data showed that the average metallic elements Fe and Zn have similar concentration distributions: the concentration decreased as the particle size fell in the nano size range.
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Hung, Chung-Hsuang, and Kuo-Cheng Lo. "Relationships between Ambient Ozone Concentration Changes in Southwestern Taiwan and Invasion Tracks of Tropical Typhoons." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/402976.
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This study aimed to use a newly developed weather and air quality model, WRF-Chem, to simulate and analyze formation of high-concentrated ozone (O3) in the ambient air of southwestern Taiwan before the invasion of tropical typhoons. Two typical typhoons, Nanmadol and Usagi that occurred in 2011 and 2013, respectively, were simulated in this study. The O3concentration variation patterns in the ambient air of both offshore and inland parts of southwestern Taiwan were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the high O3concentration observed in southwestern Taiwan before typhoon arrived was mainly caused by the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) shrouding it. On the other hand, the latter increase in ambient O3concentration about 1 to 2 days before issuing sea warning was mainly due to both contributions of weakening WPSH and intensifying leeward side effects. For both cases, atmospheric subsidence occurred to result in low ambient air quality. The invasion of typhoons made ambient O3concentration enhanced up to 2-3-fold compared to its normal concentration in summer. Based on the simulated O3concentration variation results in this study, it is demonstrated that the space-fading patterns of O3before typhoon arrives also can be used as references for predicting typhoon moving tracks 1.0 to 2.0 days before landfall of typhoons.
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Lei, W., M. Zavala, B. de Foy, R. Volkamer, M. J. Molina, and L. T. Molina. "Impact of primary formaldehyde on air pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 7 (April 9, 2009): 2607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2607-2009.
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Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a radical source that plays an important role in urban atmospheric chemistry and ozone formation. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is characterized by high anthropogenic emissions of HCHO (primary HCHO), which together with photochemical production of HCHO from hydrocarbon oxidation (secondary HCHO), lead to high ambient HCHO levels. The CAMx chemical transport model was employed to evaluate the impact of primary HCHO on its ambient concentration, on the ROx radical budget, and on ozone (O3) formation in the MCMA. Important radical sources, including HCHO, HONO, and O3-olefin reactions, were constrained by measurements from routine observations of the local ambient air monitoring network and the MCMA-2003 field campaign. Primary HCHO was found not only to contribute significantly to the ambient HCHO concentration, but also to enhance the radical budget and O3 production in the urban atmosphere of the MCMA. Overall in the urban area, total daytime radical production is enhanced by up to 10% and peak O3 concentration by up to 8%; moreover primary HCHO tends to make O3 both production rates and ambient concentration peak half an hour earlier. While primary HCHO contributes predominantly to the ambient HCHO concentration between nighttime and morning rush hours, significant influence on the radical budget and O3 production starts early in the morning, peaks at mid-morning and is sustained until early afternoon.
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Vaiškūnaitė, Rasa. "CLEANING OF H2S FROM POLLUTED AIR USING PEAT BIOFILTER." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 12 (September 14, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2020.13081.
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Every year about 64 thousand tons of polluted air is being released to the ambient air. More than 30% of this pollution consists of toxic sulfur compounds. The properties of biological air cleaning technology – biofoltration with peat media – has been discussed in the article. Research was performed by using biofilter from Vilnius Gedimi-nas technical university laboratory. During testing ambient air, polluted with sulfur dioxide, was pulled through the biomedia with division of Thiobacillus microorganisms and calculations of cleaning efficiency were performed. Was determined the efficiency of peat biofilter charge (changing the technical characteristics of the air flow rate, the number of layers, the pollutant concentration value) depending on the nature of the investigated sulfur compounds and their concentrations.
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Sutour, C., C. Stumpf, J.-P. Kosinski, A. Surget, G. Hervouët, C. Yardin, T. Madec, and A. Gosset. "Determination of the argon concentration in ambient dry air for the calculation of air density." Metrologia 44, no. 6 (October 11, 2007): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/44/6/003.
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Pierce, A., D. Obrist, H. Moosmüller, X. Faïn, and C. Moore. "A cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensor for measurements of gaseous elemental mercury – Part 1: Development for high time resolution measurements in ambient air." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 6 (December 21, 2012): 8995–9020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8995-2012.
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Abstract. The ability to make high time resolution measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in air is imperative for the understanding of mercury cycling. Here we describe further development and field implementation of a laboratory prototype pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) system for high time resolution, continuous and automated measurement of GEM concentrations in ambient air. In particular, we present use of an external, isotopically enriched Hg cell for automated wavelength locking and wavelength stabilization to maintain laser wavelength on the peak of GEM absorption line in ambient air. We further describe implementation of differential absorption measurements using a piezoelectric tuning element that allows for continuous accounting of system baseline extinction losses needed to calculate GEM absorption coefficients. Data acquisition systems and software programs were modified to acquire high-speed ring-down data at 50 Hz repetition rate as well as process and analyze data in real time. The system was installed in a mobile trailer, and inlet systems and temperature controls were designed to minimize effects of changes in ambient air temperature and ozone (O3) concentration. Data that identify technical challenges and interferences that occurred during measurements, including temperature fluctuations, interferences by ambient O3 and drifts in frequency conversion efficiencies are discussed. Successful development of a CRDS system capable of measuring ambient air GEM concentrations with high time resolution is based on minimizing these interferences.
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Das, Paulomi, and Pinaki Chatterjee. "Association of ambient air quality with hemoglobin concentration of trained and untrained school-going boys of West Bengal, India." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/64.
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Dobhal, B. S., R. P. Shimpi, and Mazahar Farooqui. "Comparative study of Ambient Air Quality of Jalna City (MS), India." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun502.
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Comparative study of ambient air quality of Jalna city was carried using air quality index (AQI). Air pollutants concentration-SO2, NOx, RSPM and NRSPM at residential and industrial sites for years 2016 and 2017 were compared. The monthly, seasonal and annual AQI values determined at both residential and industrial sites for these years. Results suggest better air quality at residential site for the year 2017 than 2016. While at industrial site better air quality was observed for the year 2016 than 2017. Government regulations, effective treatments in industries, appropriate waste disposal helped in minimization of pollution levels. For both the years and at both sites annual mean concentrations of SO2 and NOx were found within the permissible limits of Indian National Ambient Air Quality standards (NAAQS), although for both the years and at both the sites RSPM and NRSPM concentrations were observed above the norms. The annual AQI value at residential site was higher 128 for 2016 compared to 120 for 2017. While at industrial site AQI value 88 was found lower for 2016 compared to higher 126 for the year 2017.
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Kim, Jee Young, Jaeseon Park, Jongwoo Choi, and Jinwook Kim. "Determination of Metal Concentration in Road-Side Trees from an Industrial Area Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." Minerals 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10020175.
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Historical pollution can be elucidated with variations of elements’ concentration in tree rings by using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). However, the capacity of chemical elements’ absorption significantly depends on the tree species and element types. Metal concentrations in the rings for five species (Platanus occidentalis, Salix koreensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba) were investigated in light of metal pollution history in ambient air of D industrial site located in Daejeon, Korea. The calibration for LA-ICP-MS was performed using cellulose-matrix matched standards with 13C normalization. Tree ring series except for Ginkgo sp. showed that the accumulation rates of Pb and Cd were higher between 1992 and 1999. Other elements, such as Fe, Cr, Mn, Cd, Zn, and Sr, showed a variation in the rings, likely due to the different physiological processes of element uptake and radial mobility. Concentrations of Pb and Cd in the annual rings of Pinus sp. corresponded to the metal monitoring data for the ambient air with the correlation coefficients of 0.879 and 0.579, respectively. Moreover, Cd in Platanus sp. and Pb in Salix sp. showed a positive correlation to ambient metal concentration compared to Chamaecyparis sp. and Ginkgo sp. Therefore, caution should be taken to select candidate elements as well as tree species to reconstruct the ambient air metal pollution history by measuring the concentration of metal in the tree ring.
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Brown, R. H., M. D. Wright, and N. T. Plant. "The use of diffusive sampling for monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylene in ambient air." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 10 (October 30, 1999): 1993–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971101993.
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A diffusive sampler, originally developed for workplace monitoring of organic vapours has been evaluated for its potential for monitoring ambient air quality, particularly for benzene, toluene and xylene.The diffusive sampling rate, which is different for workplace and ambient air applications because of the wide differences in concentration levels and times of exposure, has been determined accurately, and been shown to be similar to other independent estimates determined from field studies or by exposing samplers to standard test atmospheres. In each case, the actual mass concentration of the aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air or test atmosphere has been established by an independent calibrated method, usually using pumped sampling and the diffusive sampling rates of parallel diffusive samplers determined from these concentrations. The potential for using such samplers for monitoring ambient air has been demonstrated in two local studies, at car parks and in a street canyon, and in three area studies, at urban (Sheffield), regional (UK) and global (world) levels. In addition, the diffusive sampler has been evaluated alongside the UK VOCair measuring instruments in the UK fixed monitoring stations, where in view of the uncertainties involved, similar results were obtained.These studies also gave useful insight into the practicability of employing these devices, their use by untrained personnel and their ruggedness in transportation and use.
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Begum, BA, G. Saroar, M. Nasiruddin, and SK Biswas. "Ground-level Concentration of Ozone in Ambient Air in Chittagong (Bangladesh) City." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 1 (May 23, 2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10729.
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The distribution of the ground-level ozone concentration in Chittagong city was continuously monitored at air monitoring station in Chittagong city during period of December 2006 to December 2007. The results of this study have revealed that the ground-level ozone concentration in Chittagong city varied from season to season. The highest ground-level ozone concentration was found in winter. The groundlevel ozone concentration has also a clear diurnal cycle - with higher values in the daytime and notably becomes zero at night depending on season. Meteorological conditions are known to influence the formation and dispersion of ground-level ozone concentration. At temperature lower than 20°C, the concentration of ozone becomes high where as at high temperature (> 30°C), the concentration becomes low. It has also been found that at low wind speed, the ozone concentration is high and at high wind speed, the concentration becomes low due to dispersion. The results also establish that the during the study periods, the ozone concentration was below the Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard (BNAAQS) of 80 ppb (annual average). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10729 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 83-88, 2012
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He, Zhen, Xin Zhang, Yunfeng Li, Xuefen Zhong, Hong Li, Rui Gao, and Jinjuan Li. "Characterizing carbonyl compounds and their sources in Fuzhou ambient air, southeast of China." PeerJ 8 (November 5, 2020): e10227. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10227.
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In recent years, ozone (O3) concentrations in the southeastern coastal areas of China have shown a gradual upward trend. As precursors and intermediates in the formation of O3, carbonyl compounds play key roles in the atmospheric photochemical oxidation cycle. To explore the main pollution characteristics of carbonyl compounds in a typical coastal city in southeast China, ambient samples were collected in Fuzhou (the provincial capital of Fujian province, located on the southeast coast of China) and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The study was continuously carried out at an urban site (Jinjishan) and a suburban site (Gushan) in Fuzhou from May 8 to 20, 2018. The total concentration of 16 carbonyl compounds at the urban site was 15.45 ± 11.18 ppbv, and the total concentration at the suburban site was 17.57 ± 12.77 ppbv. Formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde, and acetone were the main species detected in the samples, and acetone had the highest concentration among the species detected. The suburban site had a higher formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio and lower acetaldehyde/propionaldehyde ratio than the urban site, implying that biogenic sources potentially contributed to the carbonyl compound concentrations at the suburban site. The results of an observation-based model showed that anthropogenic hydrocarbons promoted HCHO production on May 17 at the urban site. Compared to biogenic emissions, anthropogenic activity is a more important source of carbonyl compounds.
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Awokola, Babatunde I., Gabriel Okello, Kevin J. Mortimer, Christopher P. Jewell, Annette Erhart, and Sean Semple. "Measuring Air Quality for Advocacy in Africa (MA3): Feasibility and Practicality of Longitudinal Ambient PM2.5 Measurement Using Low-Cost Sensors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 3, 2020): 7243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197243.
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Ambient air pollution in urban cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is an important public health problem with models and limited monitoring data indicating high concentrations of pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5). On most global air quality index maps, however, information about ambient pollution from SSA is scarce. We evaluated the feasibility and practicality of longitudinal measurements of ambient PM2.5 using low-cost air quality sensors (Purple Air-II-SD) across thirteen locations in seven countries in SSA. Devices were used to gather data over a 30-day period with the aim of assessing the efficiency of its data recovery rate and identifying challenges experienced by users in each location. The median data recovery rate was 94% (range: 72% to 100%). The mean 24 h concentration measured across all sites was 38 µg/m3 with the highest PM2.5 period average concentration of 91 µg/m3 measured in Kampala, Uganda and lowest concentrations of 15 µg/m3 measured in Faraja, The Gambia. Kampala in Uganda and Nnewi in Nigeria recorded the longest periods with concentrations >250 µg/m3. Power outages, SD memory card issues, internet connectivity problems and device safety concerns were important challenges experienced when using Purple Air-II-SD sensors. Despite some operational challenges, this study demonstrated that it is reasonably practicable and feasible to establish a network of low-cost devices to provide data on local PM2.5 concentrations in SSA countries. Such data are crucially needed to raise public, societal and policymaker awareness about air pollution across SSA.
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Munir, Miftahul, Arief R. M. Akbar, Badaruddin Badaruddin, and Raiwani Wahdah. "HUBUNGAN CUACA DAN KONSENTRASI PM10 (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA BANJARBARU)." EnviroScienteae 14, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v14i1.4894.
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This research’s aim was to identify the relationship between weather element with PM10 concentration in Banjarbaru both during normal condition and during smoke fog (smog) condition, to study the condition’s effect afflicts to weather element and PM10 concentration in ambient air and to determine standard quality concentration PM10’s threshold in ambient air during smog condition. The data were 10 minute PM10, humidity, and temperature and daily weather of 2015 that obtained from Banjarbaru Climatology Station meanwhile data of hotspot’s in South Kalimantan at 2015 was taken from MODIS satellite of Terra Aqua owned by NOAA. The 10 minutes data has been clustered using K-means method and the daily weather element relationship with PM10 concentration obtained based on regression analysis. When normal conditions, only temperature, and duration of irradiance were significantly has positively correlated with PM10 concentration, air humidity and significant rainfall are negatively correlated, the remain is not significant in effect, while during smog conditions; temperature, duration of irradiation, air pressure, average wind velocity, and maximum significant wind speed are positively correlated, air humidity, and rainfall significantly negatively correlated. Based on the results of K-means clustering analysis of PM10 concentration, there was higher humidity, higher temperature, and PM10 concentrations were below the standard quality threshold under normal conditions while in the case of smog conditions, lower humidity, lower temperature, and PM10 concentrations were above the quality standard threshold. PM10 concentration during smog condition reaches dangerous status/above the standard quality threshold before dry season until late dry season at 02.20 is in the dusk until 12.30 pm.
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Xing, Jia, Siwei Li, Dian Ding, James T. Kelly, Shuxiao Wang, Carey Jang, Yun Zhu, and Jiming Hao. "Data Assimilation of Ambient Concentrations of Multiple Air Pollutants Using an Emission-Concentration Response Modeling Framework." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2020): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121289.
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Data assimilation for multiple air pollutant concentrations has become an important need for modeling air quality attainment, human exposure, and related health impacts, especially in China, which experiences both PM2.5 and O3 pollution. Traditional data assimilation or fusion methods are mainly focused on individual pollutants and thus cannot support simultaneous assimilation for both PM2.5 and O3. To fill the gap, this study proposed a novel multipollutant assimilation method by using an emission-concentration response model (noted as RSM-assimilation). The new method was successfully applied to assimilate precursors for PM2.5 and O3 in the 28 cities of the North China Plain (NCP). By adjusting emissions of five pollutants (i.e., NOx, sulfur dioxide = SO2, ammonia = NH3, VOC, and primary PM2.5) in the 28 cities through RSM-assimilation, the RMSEs (root mean square errors) of O3 and PM2.5 were reduced by about 35% and 58% from the original simulations. The RSM-assimilation results in small sensitivity to the number of observation sites due to the use of prior knowledge of the spatial distribution of emissions; however, the ability to assimilate concentrations at the edge of the control region is limited. The emission ratios of five pollutants were simultaneously adjusted during the RSM-assimilation, indicating that the emission inventory may underestimate NO2 in January, April, and October, and SO2 in April, but overestimate NH3 in April, and VOC in January and October. Primary PM2.5 emissions were also significantly underestimated, particularly in April (dust season in NCP). Future work should focus on expanding the control area and including NH3 observations to improve the RSM-assimilation performance and emission inventories.
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Lei, W., M. Zavala, B. de Foy, R. Volkamer, M. J. Molina, and L. T. Molina. "Impact of primary formaldehyde on air pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 18, 2008): 19605–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-19605-2008.
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Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a radical source that plays an important role in urban atmospheric chemistry and ozone formation. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is characterized by high anthropogenic emissions of HCHO (primary HCHO), which together with photochemical production of HCHO from hydrocarbon oxidation (secondary HCHO), lead to high ambient HCHO levels. The CAMx chemical transport model was employed to evaluate the impact of primary HCHO on its ambient concentration, on the ROx radical budget, and on ozone (O3) formation in the MCMA. Important radical sources, including HCHO, HONO, and O3-olefin reactions, were constrained by measurements from routine observations of the local ambient air monitoring network and the MCMA-2003 field campaign. Primary HCHO was found not only contributing significantly to the ambient HCHO concentration, but also enhancing the radical budget and O3 production in the urban atmosphere of the MCMA. Overall in the urban area, total daytime radical production is enhanced by up to 10% and peak O3 concentration by up to 8%. While primary HCHO contributes predominantly to the ambient HCHO concentration between nighttime and morning rush hours, significant influence on the radical budget and O3 production starts early morning, culminates at mid-morning and is sustained until early afternoon.
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Begum, Bilkis A., K. Shahin Ahmed, M. Sarkar, JB Islam, and AKM Lutfor Rahman. "Status of Ambient Particulate Matter and Black Carbon Concentrations in Rajshahi Air, Bangladesh." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 39, no. 2 (December 14, 2015): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v39i2.25948.
Full textAbstract:
Air borne particulate matter (PM) samples (both PM10 and PM2.5) were collected simultaneously from continuous air quality monitoring station (CAMS) at Rajshahi city from December 2012 to February 2013 using two Air Metrics MiniVol samplers. The samples were analyzed for mass and black carbon (BC) concentrations. The present results were compared with the data set during December 2001 to February 2002. It was found that the mean PM10, PM2.5 and BC concentrations have increased 3.3, 6.1 and 3.4 times, respectively than in December 2001 to February 2002 period. Similarly, the ratio of PM2.5/PM10 has increased twice than the previous cited time. In case of BC/PM2.5 ratio, value becomes more than half than the previous period. Hence, PM2.5 concentration has increased tremendously and due to the implementation of policies especially on motor vehicles, BC concentration does not increase linearly as PM2.5. The present data have showed that about 78% of PM10 is PM2.5 whereas in 2001-2002, PM2.5 was only 38% of PM10. The high PM2.5 at Rajshahi city might be due to both local effect and long-range transport.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 39, No. 2, 147-155, 2015
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Kakareka, S. V. "Interpretation of the observed levels of the lead concentration in ambient air." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 63, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2019-63-1-96-103.
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