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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ambient composition

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ambient composition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ambient composition"

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Belqasmi, Fatna, Roch Glitho, and Ericsson Dssouli. "Ambient network composition." IEEE Network 22, no. 4 (2008): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2008.4579765.

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Liu, Qianfu, Yuan Gao, Chao Wang, Yanyi Zeng, Jiajia Ni, and Zini Lai. "Effects of Ambient Microbiota on the Gut Microbiota of Macrobrachium rosenbergii." Water 14, no. 4 (2022): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040658.

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The gut microbiota (GM) compositions of aquatic animals are influenced by microorganisms in ambient water and sediment. However, the extent to which environmental microorganisms can affect shrimp GM composition is unknown. We analyzed the impact of water and sediment microorganisms on the GM of Macrobrachium rosenbergii at different growth stages. We collected water, sediment, and M. rosenbergii gut samples at the early, middle, and late stages of an M. rosenbergii culture and analyzed the microbiota composition. The shrimps’ body weight differed significantly between sampling stages. The shrimp GM composition differed significantly from that of the ambient water and sediment, and these differences were remarkably stronger than those between the shrimp GM at different sampling times and in different ponds. The proportion of sediment bacteria in the shrimp GM was approximately three times higher than that of water bacteria, which changed among ponds and over sampling time. These results provide important reference information for a deeper understanding of the impact of environmental microorganisms on the composition of shrimp GM. Moreover, the results also provide reference information for increasing the production of shrimp culture as well as ensuring a good health status of the culture.

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Wang, Xinning, Xingnan Ye, Jianmin Chen, et al. "Direct links between hygroscopicity and mixing state of ambient aerosols: estimating particle hygroscopicity from their single-particle mass spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 11 (2020): 6273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6273-2020.

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Abstract. Hygroscopicity plays crucial roles in determining aerosol optical properties and aging processes in the atmosphere. We investigated submicron aerosol hygroscopicity and composition by connecting an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) in series to a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), to characterize hygroscopicity and composition of ambient aerosols in Shanghai, China. The HTDMA–ATOFMS data suggested that particle types, including biomass burning, elemental carbon (EC), dust/ash, organic particles, cooking particles and sea salt, were shown to have distinct hygroscopicity distributions. Peak intensities in particle spectra were found to be nonlinearly correlated with hygroscopicity, and the correlations were variant with particle types. Based on the measured hygroscopicity–composition relations, we developed a statistical method to estimate ambient particle hygroscopicity just from their mass spectra. The method was applied to another ambient ATOFMS dataset sampled from 12 to 28 September 2012 in Shanghai. The estimated hygroscopicity suggested that ambient particles were present in three apparent hygroscopicity modes, whose growth factors peaked at 1.05, 1.42 and 1.60 (85 % relative humidity, RH). The estimated growth factor (GF) were divided into four bins as <1.1, 1.1–1.3, 1.3–1.5 and >1.5 to represent the nearly hydrophobic (NH), less-hygroscopic (LH), more-hygroscopic (MH) and sea salt (SS) modes. Number contributions of particle types to hygroscopicity modes showed consistent results with the HTDMA–ATOFMS experiment. Based on the combined information on particle composition, hygroscopicity, air mass back trajectories and ambient pollutant concentrations, we inferred that the NH, LH, MH and SS modes were characterized by primary organic aerosol (POA) ∕ EC, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) and salt compositions, respectively. The proposed method would provide additional information to the study of particle mixing states, source identification and visibility variation.

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Mohsen, Chahoud, and Stas Nora. "Thermal Energy Storage in Concrete for Domestic Heating." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 9, no. 3 (2022): 138–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10514731.

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<strong>Abstract </strong>The concrete composition influences significantly the total heat storage capacity of the systems using concrete as storage medium. In this work, we investigated the properties of concrete composition based on local materials in Syria in order to determine a suitable concrete composition for thermal energy storage. Eight concrete samples with various compositions were tested regarding their specific heat, density and volumetric storage capacity. The results showed that the optimum mixing ratio of concrete was 0.5 (water): 1(cement): 1.7 (sand): 3.9 (limestone). The volumetric heat capacity of this mixture was 2.2 J/cm<sup>3</sup>.K.  A heat storage unit has been manufactured using the above mentioned concrete mixture. The Charging and discharging behavior of this unit have been experimentally studied. The increase of the concrete temperature during the charging process slows down with increased temperature difference between the concrete and the ambient, whereas during the discharging process the concrete temperature decrease slows down with decreased temperature difference between the concrete and the ambient. Thus, the overall temperature working range of the unit shouldn't be more than 10 to 15 °C above the ambient temperature. 

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Collingsworth, Paris D., Jason J. Van Tassell, John W. Olesik, and Elizabeth A. Marschall. "Effects of temperature and elemental concentration on the chemical composition of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) otoliths." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 7 (2010): 1187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-050.

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Otolith microchemistry studies assume that a relationship exists between the concentration of trace elements in the environment and otolith chemical composition. Although this assumption has been tested using marine and estuarine fish in controlled laboratory experiments, the relationships among temperature, ambient elemental concentration, and otolith chemical composition for freshwater species is not well documented. Here, juvenile yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ) were reared under different concentrations of four elements (Ba, Mg, Mn, and Sr) crossed with three temperatures (10 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C) to determine the interactive influence of ambient elemental concentrations and temperature on otolith chemical composition. Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca were significantly related to ambient elemental concentrations, but Mg:Ca and Mn:Ca were not. Although the relative influence of temperature was less than that of ambient elemental concentrations, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and Mn:Ca were all influenced by either water temperature or the interaction between temperature and elemental concentration, but the direction of the temperature effect differed for each element. Patterns in our partition coefficients are consistent with the idea that uptake of strontium facilitates uptake of barium. Overall, yellow perch otolith element composition was influenced primarily by ambient Sr and Ba concentrations, but temperature could potentially confound the results of otolith microchemistry studies.

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Manousakas, Manousos-Ioannis. "Special Issue Sources and Composition of Ambient Particulate Matter." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (2021): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040462.

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Tsai, Jiun-Horng, Lisa Tzu-Chi Chang, Yao-Sheng Huang, and Hung-Lung Chiang. "Particulate Composition Characteristics under Different Ambient Air Quality Conditions." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 61, no. 7 (2011): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.61.7.796.

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Lee, Ki-Ho, Su-Mi Kim, Kil-Seong Kim, and Chul-Goo Hu. "Chemical Mass Composition of Ambient Aerosol over Jeju City." Journal of Environmental Science International 29, no. 5 (2020): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2020.29.5.495.

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Jeng, Hueiwang Anna. "Chemical composition of ambient particulate matter and redox activity." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 169, no. 1-4 (2009): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1199-8.

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Stavropoulos, Thanos G., Dimitris Vrakas, and Ioannis Vlahavas. "A survey of service composition in ambient intelligence environments." Artificial Intelligence Review 40, no. 3 (2011): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10462-011-9283-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ambient composition"

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Chung, Meng-Chen. "Chemical composition and transport of ambient aerosols." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298838.

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Silva, do Monte Lima Jennifer. "Performance analysis of network composition in ambient networks." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2637.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5648_1.pdf: 4215564 bytes, checksum: a4f0b99c7dc76ce7283ee541003ccb8a (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Atualmente, o compartilhamento de recursos e oferta de serviços entre redes são permitidos apenas através de intensa configuração manual e acordos prévios entre as redes envolvidas. Devido às diferentes tecnologias de acesso, à heterogeneidade dos dispositivos e dos serviços e a mobilidade dos usuários, o gerenciamento dos recursos se torna uma tarefa ainda mais complexa. As Redes de Ambiente surgem para permitir a cooperação instantânea e dinâmica de redes heterogêneas pertencentes a diferentes domínios administrativos e tecnológicos, através de um novo conceito chamado de Composição de Redes. A Composição permite a disponibilização de serviços e o compartilhamento de recursos entre redes, via Acordo de Composição. O desempenho da composição tem um fator crucial na viabilidade das Redes de Ambiente, devido à alta demanda por composição em uma interação de um usuário típico com a rede. Estas composições de redes mudam todo o cenário e trazem novas complicações para o processo tornando necessária a avaliação da estabilidade e da escalabilidade das mesmas. Diante da impossibilidade de testar tais conceitos de forma prática e real, optouse por fazê-lo através de simulação. Para atingir este objetivo foi especificado e implementado um simulador para Composições de Redes de Ambiente. Este simulador tem como objetivo principal avaliar o desempenho da composição mostrando que a mesma não representa um gargalo para a implantação das Redes de Ambiente

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Chuaybamroong, Paradee. "Composition, particle size, and source of ambient aerosol in Alachua County, Florida." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1000116.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2002.<br>Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 307 p.; also contains graphics. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Knox, Elizabeth A. "Indigiana." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 2016. http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/475.

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Indigiana, for orchestra and audio soundscape, is dedicated to the 2016 bicentennial celebration of the State of Indiana. The title is derived from the words, ‘Indiana,’ ‘Digital,’ and ‘Indigenous.’ Its programmatic style is based on the natural landscape and my reflections on four Indiana state parks. In addition to the state's bicentennial honor, Indiana celebrated its 100th anniversary of the purchase of its first two recreational facilities, McCormick's Creek and Turkey Run State Park.2 To honor the state and my family’s longstanding heritage as Hoosiers, I used the natural landscape and environmental sounds of four Indiana state parks as the programmatic setting of the piece.

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Pankhurst, Louise J. "The effect of green waste composting on the concentration and composition of ambient bioaerosols." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6564.

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The emission and dispersal of bioaerosols from commercial composting facilities has become an issue of increasing concern over the past decade, as historical evidence links bioaerosol exposure to negative human health impacts. As a result, recommended concentrations and risk assessment limits were imposed in 2001. However, more recent research has suggested that these limits may be exceeded under certain circumstances. For example, underestimation of bioaerosol concentrations may occur through „snapshot‟ sampling, and the use of methods that may reduce culturability of bioaerosols. This study aimed to address several gaps in knowledge, including quantification of bioaerosol concentrations downwind from sites, analysis of the effect that operational and environmental influences have on emission and downwind concentrations, and investigation of methods for the enumeration of non-culturable bioaerosols. The concentrations of bioaerosols upwind, on-site and downwind from two open-air green waste windrow composting facilities were enumerated in extensive detail, producing the first detailed and validated database of bioaerosol concentrations at green-waste composting facilities. The effects of composting processing activities, season, and meteorological conditions on concentrations were also investigated utilising this dataset. Results from these studies suggested that bioaerosols are able to disperse in elevated concentrations to distances beyond the 250 m risk assessment limit. Downwind peaks in concentration were directly linked to compost processing activities on-site, with the risk of sensitive receptor exposure to bioaerosols during non-operational hours minimal. Further, it was found that patterns in downwind concentrations of bioaerosols are likely to be governed by buoyancy effects, as a second peak in concentrations was found at 100-150m downwind. This finding was further supported through the use of a novel direct counting method. Finally, molecular methods allowed the composition of bioaerosols emitted from composting to be determined and showed that composting significantly alters the aerobiotic community at distances downwind. The methods investigated provide the potential for detailed, continuous measurements of bioaerosols, alongside identification of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, and could ultimately lead to source apportionment of bioaerosols.

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Sorooshian, Armin Seinfeld John H. Seinfeld John H. Flagan Richard C. "Aerosol composition and hygroscopicity studies : instrument development/characterization, ambient and laboratory measurements, and modeling /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05072008-174726.

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Czuba, Eva. "Development of a technique to study stable carbon isotope composition of NMHCs in ambient air." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ56169.pdf.

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Qin, Xueying. "Characterization of ambient aerosol composition and formation mechanisms and development of quantification methodologies utilizing ATOFMS." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3266782.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Apr. 9, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Brumback, Clay T. "Dry matter loss and compositional analysis of large switchgrass round bales during ambient storage in Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040527/.

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Li, Kaiqi. "Chemical Speciation of PM2.5 in Southwest Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428065849.

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Books on the topic "Ambient composition"

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Wichmann, H. Erich. Sources and elemental composition of ambient particles in Erfurt, Germany. Ecomed, 2002.

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Corporation, IT, ed. Ambient concentrations of metals in chert and shale at the Presidio of San Francisco. International Technology Corporation, 1999.

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Sources and Composition of Ambient Particulate Matter. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-0995-2.

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Rickert, Thomas. Ambient Rhetoric: The Attunements of Rhetorical Being (Composition, Literacy, and Culture). University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013.

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A summary of ambient air at John F. Kennedy Space Center with a comparison to data from the Florida statewide monitoring network (1983-1992). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Kulezic-Wilson, Danijela. Sound Design is the New Score. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190855314.001.0001.

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Sound Design Is the New Score explores film soundtrack practice that blurs the boundary between scoring and sound design, subverting long-established hierarchical relationships between dialogue, music, and sound effects. The new methods associated with this practice rely on the language and techniques of contemporary popular and art music rather than traditional Hollywood scoring and mixing practices, producing soundtracks in which it is difficult to tell the difference between score and ambient sound, where pieces of pre-existing musique concrète or electroacoustic music are merged with diegetic sound, sound effects are absorbed into the score or treated as music, and diegetic sound is treated as musique concrète. The book argues that the underlying principle that binds together all the different manifestations of this practice is a musical approach to soundtrack conceived as an integrated whole. The aesthetic concerns of this practice, demonstrated in a resistance to the familiar tropes of classical narrative and scoring, are illuminated through the concept of the aesthetics of reticence, which encourages an intellectual, affective, and sensuous engagement with film. The sensuous aspect of this practice is theorized using the concept of the erotics of art, arguing that the sensuousness of film form—its sonic and visual textures, composition, rhythm, movement, and flow—is much more complex and sophisticated than simply being an emphasis on excessive sensory stimulation facilitated by the use of digital technology or the aesthetics inspired by it.

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Lange, Barbara Rose. Sampling and Commercialization in Danubian Trances and Boheme. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190245368.003.0010.

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Chapter 9 discusses the reuse of old recordings as an aspect of neoliberalism, examining Hungarian reactions to the ways that local and West European musicians sampled and processed recordings of folk music. The chapter contrasts two projects: the French duo Deep Forest’s album Boheme and Károly Cserepes’s album Danubian Trances: Mikroworld-ambient. Both projects remixed recordings of Hungarian and Romani (Gypsy) vernacular music. The chapter details how Hungarians treated Danubian Trances and some other local remixes as prestigious art music compositions. It outlines how Hungarians gave Boheme less prestige, viewing that album’s success as an instance of broader commercial exploitation of Central Europe by West European and multinational companies.

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Cox, Christoph, and Daniel Warner, eds. Audio Culture. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501318399.

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The groundbreaking Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music (Continuum; September 2004; paperback original) maps the aural and discursive terrain of vanguard music today. Rather than offering a history of contemporary music, Audio Culture traces the genealogy of current musical practices and theoretical concerns, drawing lines of connection between recent musical production and earlier moments of sonic experimentation. It aims to foreground the various rewirings of musical composition and performance that have taken place in the past few decades and to provide a critical and theoretical language for this new audio culture. This new and expanded edition of the Audio Culture contains twenty-five additional essays, including four newly-commissioned pieces. Taken as a whole, the book explores the interconnections among such forms as minimalism, indeterminacy, musique concrète, free improvisation, experimental music, avant-rock, dub reggae, ambient music, hip hop, and techno via writings by philosophers, cultural theorists, and composers. Instead of focusing on some “crossover” between “high art” and “popular culture,” Audio Culture takes all these musics as experimental practices on par with, and linked to, one another. While cultural studies has tended to look at music (primarily popular music) from a sociological perspective, the concern here is philosophical, musical, and historical. Audio Culture includes writing by some of the most important musical thinkers of the past half-century, among them John Cage, Brian Eno, Ornette Coleman, Pauline Oliveros, Maryanne Amacher, Glenn Gould, Umberto Eco, Jacques Attali, Simon Reynolds, Eliane Radigue, David Toop, John Zorn, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and many others. Each essay has its own short introduction, helping the reader to place the essay within musical, historical, and conceptual contexts, and the volume concludes with a glossary, a timeline, and an extensive discography.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ambient composition"

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Calvary, Gaëlle, Anne-Marie Dery-Pinna, Audrey Occello, Philippe Renevier, and Yoann Gabillon. "Composition of User Interfaces." In Computer Science and Ambient Intelligence. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118580974.ch10.

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Ventura, Michele Della. "Automatic Music Composition from a Self-learning Algorithm." In Trends in Ambient Intelligent Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30184-6_9.

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Bonino, Dario, Fulvio Corno, and Luigi De Russis. "A User-Friendly Interface for Rules Composition in Intelligent Environments." In Ambient Intelligence - Software and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19937-0_27.

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Aguilera, Unai, and Diego López-de-Ipiña. "Service Composition for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Distributed Matching." In Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35377-2_40.

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Amazonas, Mauro, Victor Vasconcelos, Adriano Brandão, et al. "Collaborative Music Composition Based on Sonic Interaction Design." In Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions: Understanding Humans. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91125-0_28.

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Abi-Lahoud, Elie, Marinette Savonnet, Marie-Noelle Terrasse, Marco Viviani, and Kokou Yétongnon. "A Community-based Approach for Service-based Application Composition in an Ecosystem." In Atlantis Ambient and Pervasive Intelligence. Atlantis Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-91216-32-9_1.

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Cheng, Lawrence, Roel Ocampo, Kerry Jean, et al. "Towards Distributed Hash Tables (De)Composition in Ambient Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11907466_24.

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Koutsoukos, Xenofon, Manish Kushwaha, Isaac Amundson, Sandeep Neema, and Janos Sztipanovits. "OASiS: A Service-Oriented Architecture for Ambient-Aware Sensor Networks." In Composition of Embedded Systems. Scientific and Industrial Issues. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77419-8_8.

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Wu, Xuanping. "An Analysis of the Origin, Integration and Development of Contemporary Music Composition and Artificial Intelligence and Human-Computer Interaction." In Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34609-5_19.

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del Val, Elena, Miguel Rebollo, and Vicente Botti. "Composition of Temporal Bounded Services in Open MAS." In Distributed Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics, Soft Computing, and Ambient Assisted Living. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02481-8_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ambient composition"

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Natishan, P. M., F. J. Martin, M. S. McGovern, and W. E. O’Grady. "Insights on the Passivation of Alloys by Cold, Chlorinated Seawater." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06286.

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Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies on a duplex stainless steel, Zeron 100 (UNS S32760), showed differences in the oxide film composition for samples which received one of four treatments: cold, chlorinated seawater; cold seawater; ambient temperature chlorinated seawater; and ambient temperature seawater. The most evident difference was the amount of surface chloride with the cold, chlorinated seawater treated samples having the least chloride while the ambient temperature seawater treatment had the most. Further, the hydration of the oxide films for the exposure conditions was different with the cold, chlorinated seawater treatment samples having the highest concentration of O−2 ions.

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Nyborg, Rolf, and Liv Lunde. "The Effect of Welding Electrode Composition and Storage Temperature on SCC of Carbon Steels in Liquid Ammonia." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91478.

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Abstract Stress corrosion cracking of welded carbon steel in liquid ammonia was studied with bend specimens made from carbon steel plates welded with different welding electrodes. Three electrodes commonly used for construction of ammonia storage tanks and one recently developed low strength electrode were studied at ambient temperature. The low strength electrode was least susceptible to stress corrosion cracking of the four electrodes investigated, while the welding electrode containing nickel seemed to have a somewhat higher susceptibility than the other electrodes. The susceptibility to SCC increases with the strength of the weld metal. The high susceptibility of the nickel containing electrode remained after heat treatment, indicating a possible detrimental effect of nickel. The effect of temperature on SCC of carbon steel in ammonia was studied with parent material compact tension specimens and bend specimens with welds. The experiments were performed at -33°C, where many refrigerated ammonia storage tanks operate. The results were compared with results from experiments at 18°C. It is much more difficult to initiate stress corrosion cracks at -33°C than at 18°C, and crack growth is slower at low temperature. The ratio between maximum crack depth in comparable experiments at -33°C and 18°C was 1:3 for CT specimens and 1:20 for bend specimens. Practical experience shows also that SCC of carbon steel in ammonia can occur at low temperature, but to a much lesser extent than at ambient temperature.

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Granata, Richard D., Kristina M. Mann, and Ronald Simmons. "Corrosion Control Treatments for Ocean Vessel Hulls." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04307.

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Abstract This research used Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a non-destructive technique to evaluate coating performance and determine the electrochemical characteristics of hull treatments. The evaluation provided information on corrosion resistance and cathodic protection-influencing characteristics. The coating's impedance was analyzed while exposed to ambient versus 640 psi (4.5 MPa) pressure and immersion times of 1 to 9 days in seawater. Eleven specimen types were evaluated based on coating seam orientation and composition. The data support the conclusion that there was no effect on impedance values and phase shifts due to orientation, formulation, pressure or immersion time. However, temperature increase above 30° was shown to decrease the impedance values of the specimens.

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Hartt, William H., and Shaowei Chen. "Deep Water Cathodic Protection: Laboratory Simulation Experiments." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01501.

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Abstract Experiments were performed where steel specimens were cathodically polarized in natural sea water by galvanic coupling through an external resistor to an aluminum anode. Temperature was either ambient or 5°C; and pressure was atmospheric or 8.96 ± 0.14 MPa (1,300 ± 20 psi), which is equivalent to a water depth of 899 m (2,950 feet). For some experiments, dissolved oxygen concentration was controlled at 5.5 ± 0.2 mg/l and pH was 7.8. These corresponded to values that were measured at the above depth for a specific Gulf of Mexico site. The apparent steady-state potential (ϕc) and current density (ic) for the different experiments were compared with previously reported ambient temperature and pressure data. Calcareous deposits that formed on specimens from each of the test categories were viewed and analyzed. The long-term ϕc-ic trend for the different tests was the same at the two pressures and for 5.5 compared to 9 mg/l O2. Also, ic was independent of ϕc over the potential range investigated (approximately −0.80 to −1.10 VSCE) despite differences in the calcareous deposit structure and composition. The results are discussed in terms of, first, design criteria for deep water cathodic protection and, second, experimental testing to develop such criteria.

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Rizzo, Riccardo, Rajan Ambat, and Ajit Murli Rao. "Experimental Investigation on the Corrosion Rate of L80-1Cr Steel in Seawater and Formation Water from a North Sea Offshore Field." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13061.

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Abstract This paper evaluates the effect of seawater ingress on the corrosion behavior of L80-1Cr in an oil production environment. The seawater ingress has been simulated by changing the ionic composition of the produced fluid from formation water to injected seawater and by testing at temperatures that reflect the temperature decrease with time as more seawater is entering the production tubing. The composition of the two waters and the testing condition replicates the real field situations experienced by operators in the Danish sector of the North Sea. Experiments were carried out at ambient pressure in a three-electrode cell setup. The atmosphere constituted of pure CO2 at three different temperatures, namely: 40°C, 60°C, and 80. Linear Polarization and potentiodynamic sweeps were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior. The corrosion products and precipitates were analyzed using SEM-EDS. Calcium carbonate together with iron carbonate was the main product found in the corrosion scale, which influenced the morphology of the scale by making it more porous and brittle. Results suggest that the decrease in temperature, linked to higher water fraction in the production string, could be the factor that most significantly reduces the lifetime of the production string.

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Eidhagen, Josefin, Robert Mattsson Öhnfeldt, and Ulf Kivisäkk. "UNS N08935 - a New Alloy for Seawater Applications." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16573.

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Abstract UNS N08935, is a new alloy with composition 35Ni–30Fe-27Cr-6.5Mo-0.28N, with a very high localized corrosion resistance. Previous results have shown that the alloy has a critical pitting temperature (CPT) above 100°C in the modified electrochemical ASTM G150 method in 3M MgCl2 solution. The results indicate good performance in seawater environments. In the process industry seawater is commonly used, when available, to cool process fluids. Natural seawater at ambient temperature is very corrosive due to for instance microbial activity. This paper presents pitting- and crevice corrosion results for UNS N08935 and UNS N06625 from three months exposure in natural seawater at 30°C and in chlorinated seawater at 45°C, 50°C and 80°C. The results indicate that UNS N08935 could be a stainless steel solution in seawater applications where more expensive nickel base alloys are used today.

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7

Taylor, Christopher D. "A Data-Driven Approach to Predicting Oxidation Rate Constants for Alloys." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19412.

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Abstract High temperature alloys span multiple classes of materials including low alloy steels, stainless steels, nickel-chromium alloys, superalloys, aluminides, and, of more recent interest high entropy alloys, among others. Whereas many high temperature alloys deviate from the parabolic oxide growth law, the parabolic rate constant kp remains a useful indicator of the oxidation susceptibility for a given material. To design new classes of materials, and help with materials selection, it would be useful to directly predict the oxidation rate constants from materials features, such as composition and microstructure. With this goal in mind, parabolic rate constants have been collected from the literature for 75 alloys exposed to temperatures between 900 and 3000°F. Environments incorporated into the analysis include lab air, ambient and supercritical carbon dioxide, supercritical water, and steam. Predictive models for the oxidation rate constant were developed using machine learning and analyzed to provide insights into the leading factors producing corrosion resistance in these materials.

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8

Pucić, Irina, Milko Jakšić, Tadija Madžar, and Ivan Rogan. "PIXE Spectroscopy for Determination of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor Concentration in Anticorrosion Polymer Films." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08364.

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Abstract Anti-corrosion polymer films used from 0 to 6 years were investigated to determine the type and content of volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI) and how long the films emit them to protect the metal surface encased in the film. Using FTIR and DSC low density polyethylene (LDPE) was identified as the polymer carrier. Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectroscopy of anti-corrosion polymer films revealed significant concentration of molybdenum (Mo) implying that corrosion inhibitor composition was molybdate based. The films were divided into three groups according to different rates of VCI concentration decreasing with increasing age. The division of films into groups and diffusion of VCI was confirmed by significant decrease of Mo content determined by PIXE spectroscopy after accelerated aging in vacuum at 50 ° C. It was concluded that films with initial concentration of Mo above 6000 ppm emit VCI for at least 6 years while the films with less than 4000 ppm of molybdenum do not emit the VCI in ambient conditions.

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Crook, Paul, Nacéra Sabrina Meck, and Raúl B. Rebak. "The Influence of Composition upon Surface Degradation and Stress Corrosion Cracking of the Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys in Wet Hydrofluoric Acid." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07481.

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Abstract At concentrations below 60%, wet hydrofluoric acid (HF) is extremely corrosive to steels, stainless steels and reactive metals, such as titanium, zirconium, and tantalum. In fact, only a few metallic materials will withstand wet HF at temperatures above ambient. Among these are the nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) and nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys. Previous work has shown that, even with these materials, there are complicating factors. For example, under certain conditions, internal attack and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) are possible with the Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, and the Ni-Cu materials can suffer intergranular attack when exposed to wet HF vapors. The purpose of this work was to study further the response of the Ni-Cr-Mo alloys to HF, in particular their external corrosion rates, susceptibility to internal attack and susceptibility to HF-induced SCC, as a function of alloy composition. As a side experiment, one of the alloys was tested in two microstructural conditions, i.e. solution annealed (the usual condition for materials of this type) and long-range ordered (this being a means of strengthening the alloy in question). The study of external corrosion rates over wide ranges of concentration and temperature revealed a strong beneficial influence of molybdenum content. However, tungsten, which is used as a partial replacement for molybdenum in some Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, appears to render the alloys more prone to internal attack. With regard to HF-induced SCC of the Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, this study suggests that only certain alloys (i.e., those containing tungsten) exhibit classical SCC. It was also discovered that high external corrosion rates inhibit HF-induced SCC, presumably due to rapid progression of the external attack front. With regard to the effects of long-range ordering, these were only evident at the highest test temperatures, where the ordered structure exhibited much higher external corrosion rates than the annealed structure.

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Li, Bingtao, Wei-Ting Chen, Brian Gleeson, and Heike Hattendorf. "Effects of Minor Alloying Elements on the Metal-Dusting Behavior of Ni-Based Alloys." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14657.

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Abstract Alloys are often found to suffer much greater metal-dusting attack under high-pressure conditions compared to ambient-pressure conditions. Ultimately, the resistance of a given alloy to metal dusting depends on the formation of an oxide scale that is impermeable to carbon which, in turn, depends on scale composition and structure. This paper reports the metal-dusting behavior of several Ni-based alloys having relatively high Cr contents (about 30 wt.%) and different controlled minor levels of Fe, Al, and/or Si. Testing was conducted under 20 bar total pressure of a high-carbon-activity gas at 600 °C (1112 °F). The exposed alloys were analyzed by SEM and TEM techniques to evaluate the oxide scales and evidence of carbon ingress. It was found that aluminum is beneficial to improve metal dusting resistance by reacting to form a continuous inner layer of alumina; whereas iron is detrimental to resistance. Mechanistic aspects of the role(s) played by minor elements in affecting metal-dusting resistance are considered.

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Reports on the topic "Ambient composition"

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Janus, M. C., G. A. Richards, M. J. Yip, and E. H. Robey. Effects of ambient conditions and fuel composition on combustion stability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/468492.

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Zhu, Zhongwei. Structure, Mobility, and Composition of Transition Metal Catalyst Surfaces. High-Pressure Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164383.

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Moghissi. L51914 Interdependent Effects of Bacteria Gas Composition and Water Chemistry on Internal Corrosion. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010433.

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A recent Office of Pipeline Safety survey found that corrosion caused 17 to 20 percent of pipeline failures. Of those corrosion failures, roughly half resulted from internal corrosion. In pipelines, internal corrosion is caused by produced (carry-over) or condensed water that contains dissolved gas and/or bacteria. In many cases, chemicals with inhibiting or biocidal properties are added to mitigate corrosion. The internal corrosion in many systems occurs under slowly flowing conditions at ambient temperatures (e.g., relatively low temperature of about 15.5�C (60�F)). The overall objectives of this project were to determine the influence of microbial consortia typically found in condensed water, produced water, and hydrocarbons on the internal corrosion of steel pipeline exposed to CO2, H2S, and O2. To accomplish these objectives, a multi-year project was planned. For the first year, the specific objectives were to assemble a chemostat system capable of maintaining a mixed biofilm consortium of bacteria implicated in MIC of steels under the pressures encountered in gathering lines, identify the type of microbial populations inside pipelines and conditions under which internal MIC has been observed, and perform a limited number of corrosion tests to evaluate the effects of these bacteria on corrosion.

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Beshouri. PR-309-04200-R01 Modeling Methodology for Parametric Emissions Monitoring System for Combustion Turbines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010731.

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Prior attempts to develop a generic Parametric Emissions Monitoring methodology for combustion turbines, particularly low emissions units, have failed due either to the reduction of a complex problem to too few degrees of freedom or the brute force reliance on regression analysis. Field test data collected by the research team clearly illustrated that a successful PEMS model will need to incorporate multiple zones to account for pilot fuel versus pre-mixed combustion, and changes in air/fuel ratio at the flame front. The information reported herein shows that, ideally, the PEMS model should rely on speed, fuel flow, compressor discharge pressure and temperature, and ambient conditions as the inputs. The model can utilize (combustion turbine) turbine discharge temperatures as cross checks and/or for tuning. Make and model specific geometric characteristics should include compressor air flow versus speed, air splits between the combustor and the cooling air, and the fuel splits between diffusion and premixed. Finally, the model should be able to accommodate fuel that varies in composition based on provided gas speciation.

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