Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ambient composition'

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5648_1.pdf: 4215564 bytes, checksum: a4f0b99c7dc76ce7283ee541003ccb8a (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Atualmente, o compartilhamento de recursos e oferta de serviços entre redes são permitidos apenas através de intensa configuração manual e acordos prévios entre as redes envolvidas. Devido às diferentes tecnologias de acesso, à heterogeneidade dos dispositivos e dos serviços e a mobilidade dos usuários, o gerenciamento dos recursos se torna uma tarefa ainda mais complexa. As Redes de Ambiente surgem para permitir a cooperação instantânea e dinâmica de redes heterogêneas pertencentes a diferentes domínios administrativos e tecnológicos, através de um novo conceito chamado de Composição de Redes. A Composição permite a disponibilização de serviços e o compartilhamento de recursos entre redes, via Acordo de Composição. O desempenho da composição tem um fator crucial na viabilidade das Redes de Ambiente, devido à alta demanda por composição em uma interação de um usuário típico com a rede. Estas composições de redes mudam todo o cenário e trazem novas complicações para o processo tornando necessária a avaliação da estabilidade e da escalabilidade das mesmas. Diante da impossibilidade de testar tais conceitos de forma prática e real, optouse por fazê-lo através de simulação. Para atingir este objetivo foi especificado e implementado um simulador para Composições de Redes de Ambiente. Este simulador tem como objetivo principal avaliar o desempenho da composição mostrando que a mesma não representa um gargalo para a implantação das Redes de Ambiente

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2002.<br>Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 307 p.; also contains graphics. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Indigiana, for orchestra and audio soundscape, is dedicated to the 2016 bicentennial celebration of the State of Indiana. The title is derived from the words, ‘Indiana,’ ‘Digital,’ and ‘Indigenous.’ Its programmatic style is based on the natural landscape and my reflections on four Indiana state parks. In addition to the state's bicentennial honor, Indiana celebrated its 100th anniversary of the purchase of its first two recreational facilities, McCormick's Creek and Turkey Run State Park.2 To honor the state and my family’s longstanding heritage as Hoosiers, I used the natural landscape and environmental sounds of four Indiana state parks as the programmatic setting of the piece.

The emission and dispersal of bioaerosols from commercial composting facilities has become an issue of increasing concern over the past decade, as historical evidence links bioaerosol exposure to negative human health impacts. As a result, recommended concentrations and risk assessment limits were imposed in 2001. However, more recent research has suggested that these limits may be exceeded under certain circumstances. For example, underestimation of bioaerosol concentrations may occur through „snapshot‟ sampling, and the use of methods that may reduce culturability of bioaerosols. This study aimed to address several gaps in knowledge, including quantification of bioaerosol concentrations downwind from sites, analysis of the effect that operational and environmental influences have on emission and downwind concentrations, and investigation of methods for the enumeration of non-culturable bioaerosols. The concentrations of bioaerosols upwind, on-site and downwind from two open-air green waste windrow composting facilities were enumerated in extensive detail, producing the first detailed and validated database of bioaerosol concentrations at green-waste composting facilities. The effects of composting processing activities, season, and meteorological conditions on concentrations were also investigated utilising this dataset. Results from these studies suggested that bioaerosols are able to disperse in elevated concentrations to distances beyond the 250 m risk assessment limit. Downwind peaks in concentration were directly linked to compost processing activities on-site, with the risk of sensitive receptor exposure to bioaerosols during non-operational hours minimal. Further, it was found that patterns in downwind concentrations of bioaerosols are likely to be governed by buoyancy effects, as a second peak in concentrations was found at 100-150m downwind. This finding was further supported through the use of a novel direct counting method. Finally, molecular methods allowed the composition of bioaerosols emitted from composting to be determined and showed that composting significantly alters the aerobiotic community at distances downwind. The methods investigated provide the potential for detailed, continuous measurements of bioaerosols, alongside identification of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, and could ultimately lead to source apportionment of bioaerosols.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Apr. 9, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis presents a study of chemical composition of rural and urban ambient aerosols in Australia. Aerosol mass spectrometry and new statistical analytical packages were applied to determine the sources of observed aerosols, as well as to determine atmospheric aging that occurred in the measured air masses. The focus of the study was on examination of the aerosols generated from prescribed and wild biomass burnings. The main aim of this research is to provide insight into the characterization and aging of organic biomass burning-related aerosols in Australian urban and remote areas.

Comme dans de nombreux autres domaines, la construction des applications en Informatique Ambiantes (IAm) se fait par réutilisation d'entités logicielles disponibles. Pour des raisons de conductivités, de pannes, de charge de batterie mais aussi de nombreuses autres, la disponibilité de ces entités est imprévisible ce qui implique que l'auto-adaptation dynamique des applications est une nécessité. Cela passe par la spécification en parallèle des adaptations par des experts de divers domaines. Ce parallélisme de construction, peut amener des problèmes d'interférences lors de la composition dynamique de plusieurs adaptations. Dans cette thèse, par l'utilisation de graphes, nous contribuons à la définition d'un cadre formel pour la détection et la résolution de ces interférences. L'assemblage des entités logicielles repose sur des connecteurs d'assemblage qui sont utilisés dans la spécification des adaptations. Des règles de réécriture de graphe permettront de résoudre les interférences détectées, cette résolution étant guidée par la connaissance de connecteurs définis. De plus, pour pouvoir étendre dynamiquement et automatiquement notre mécanisme de gestion des interférences, nous proposons la modélisation comportementale de ces connecteurs. Ceci permet de ne pas reposer sur une connaissance à priori des connecteurs et autorise par la même d'étendre dynamiquement l'ensemble des connecteurs disponibles pour la spécification des adaptations.

Les systèmes cyber-physiques et ambiants sont constitués d'appareils fixes ou mobiles reliés par des réseaux de communication. Ces appareils hébergent des composants logiciels qui fournissent des services et peuvent nécessiter d'autres services pour fonctionner. Ces composants logiciels sont généralement développés, installés et activés indépendamment les uns des autres et, avec la mobilité des utilisateurs et des appareils, ils peuvent apparaître ou disparaître avec une dynamique imprévisible. Ceci donne aux systèmes cyber-physiques et ambiants une nature ouverte et changeante. Les composants logiciels sont des briques que l'on peut assembler pour former des applications mais, dans un tel contexte de dynamique et d'ouverture, les assemblages de composants sont difficiles à concevoir, à maintenir et à adapter. Les applications sont utilisées par des humains qui sont donc au cœur de ces systèmes. L'intelligence ambiante vise à leur offrir un environnement personnalisé adapté à la situation, c'est-à-dire à fournir la bonne application au bon moment, en anticipant leurs besoins, qui peuvent aussi changer dans le temps. Pour répondre à ces problèmes, notre équipe explore une approche originale appelée "composition logicielle opportuniste" qui consiste à construire automatiquement des applications à la volée à partir des composants disponibles sur le moment dans l'environnement, sans s'appuyer sur des besoins explicites de l'utilisateur ni sur des plans d'assemblage prédéfinis. Ainsi, les applications émergent de l'environnement, en tirant parti des opportunités au fur et à mesure qu'elles se présentent. Cette thèse définit une architecture logicielle pour la composition logicielle opportuniste et propose un système intelligent, appelé "moteur" de composition opportuniste, afin de construire automatiquement des applications pertinentes, à la fois adaptées à l'utilisateur et à l'environnement ambiant. Le moteur de composition opportuniste détecte périodiquement les composants et leurs services présents dans l'environnement ambiant, construit des assemblages de composants et les propose à l'utilisateur. Il apprend automatiquement les préférences de l'utilisateur en fonction de la situation afin de maximiser ultérieurement sa satisfaction. L'apprentissage se fait en ligne par renforcement. Il est décentralisé au sein d'un système multi-agent dans lequel les agents interagissent via un protocole qui prend en charge la découverte et la sélection dynamique de services. Pour apprendre de l'utilisateur et pour l'utilisateur, ce dernier est mis dans la boucle. Ainsi, il garde le contrôle sur son environnement ambiant, et décide de la pertinence de l'application émergente avant qu'elle ne soit déployée. La solution a été implémentée et expérimentée. Elle fonctionne de manière couplée avec une interface qui décrit les applications émergentes à l'utilisateur et lui permet de les modifier. Les actions de l'utilisateur sur cette interface sont sources de feedback pour le moteur et servent à alimenter le mécanisme d'apprentissage par renforcement<br>Cyber-physical and ambient systems consist of fixed or mobile devices connected through communication networks. These devices host software components that provide services and may require other services to operate. These software components are usually developed, installed, and activated independently of each other and, with the mobility of users and devices, they may appear or disappear unpredictably. This gives cyber-physical and ambient systems an open and changing character. Software components are bricks that can be assembled to form applications. But, in such a dynamic and open context, component assemblies are difficult to design, maintain and adapt. Applications are used by humans who are at the heart of these systems. Ambient intelligence aims to offer them a personalized environment adapted to the situation, i.e. to provide the right application at the right time, anticipating their needs, which may also vary and evolve over time. To answer these problems, our team is exploring an original approach called "opportunistic software composition", which consists in automatically building applications on the fly from components currently available in the environment, without relying on explicit user needs or predefined assembly plans. In this way, applications emerge from the environment, taking advantage of opportunities as they arise. This thesis defines a software architecture for opportunistic software composition and proposes an intelligent system, called "opportunistic composition engine", in order to automatically build relevant applications, both adapted to the user and to the surrounding environment. The opportunistic composition engine periodically detects the components and their services that are present in the ambient environment, builds assemblies of components, and proposes them to the user. It automatically learns the user's preferences according to the situation in order to maximize user satisfaction over time. Learning is done online by reinforcement. It is decentralized within a multi-agent system in which agents interact via a protocol that supports dynamic service discovery and selection. To learn from and for the user, the latter is put in the loop. In this way, he keeps control over his ambient environment, and decides on the relevance of the emerging application before it is deployed. The solution has been implemented and tested. It works in conjunction with an interface that describes the emerging applications to the user and allows him to edit them. The user's actions on this interface are sources of feedback for the engine and serve as an input to the reinforcement learning mechanism

This study is focused on the identification of the sources and processes affecting levels and composition of PM10 and PM2.5 from air quality monitoring networks in Eastern Spain. This is a multidisciplinary study. Time series of TSP and PM10 recorded from 1996 to 2000 are interpreted to assess the role of local, regional and distant sources in PM levels in this region. To this is end, the influence of the meteorology on PM levels recorded at nineteen rural, urban and industrial monitoring stations is studied by means of synoptic charts, back-trajectories and local meteorological variables. The impact of African dust transport on PM levels is investigated by means of simulations in the SKIRON forecast system and by TOMS satellite observations. Moreover, a chemical characterisation of PM10, PM2.5 and TSP size segregated fractions and a daily PM10 and PM2.5 source apportionment by two receptor modelling techniques are performed. For this purpose, 24-hour samples of PM10 were collected for 16, 12 and 5 months at rural, urban and industrial sites, respectively. PM2.5 was sampled at the urban site simultaneously with PM10.<br/> The results showed that day-to-day variations in PM levels are highly influenced by the meteorology. From March to October, PM levels at rural, urban and industrial sites vary as a function of the concatenation of Atlantic air mass advections (Atlantic episodes with low PM levels) and regional circulations (Regional events with high PM and O3 levels) which induce the PM transport from urban/industrial to rural sites and the ageing of polluted air masses in the Western Mediterranean. From November to February low PM levels are recorded at rural sites, and variations in PM levels at urban/industrial sites are governed by the successive occurrence of Atlantic episodes and Local urban/industrial pollution events (with high PM, NOx and CO levels). The African dust events mainly occur from January to October and induce very high PM levels in all sites.<br/> As a result of the frequency and intensity of the Regional episodes, PM levels at rural sites undergo a seasonal evolution with a summer maximum. The difference between PM levels at urban and rural sites presents an autumn-winter maximum owing to the occurrence of intensive Local urban pollution events.<br/> The meteorological context in which the aforementioned episodes occur is discussed, with special emphasis on the synoptic scenarios giving rise to the African dust outbreaks in the different seasons.<br/> Levels of PM components at the different study sites were compared. The seasonal evolution and the grain size distribution of these components was studied and the form of occurrence was determined. The chemical characterisation shows that high levels of natural mineral dust components (e.g. Al, Fe, Mg, Ti, Sr, Ca) are simultaneously recorded in PM10 and PM2.5 at all sites during African episodes. Other interesting findings are: 1) a marked seasonal evolution of nitrate levels and grain size distribution due to the occurrence of ammonium-nitrate in autumn-winter, 2) an excess of Na with respect to the Na/Cl marine ratio in summer owing to reactions of acids with sea salt, and 3) high background levels of ammonium-sulphate in summer. Moreover, the levels of elemental, organic and mineral carbon were determined.<br/> At the rural site, the PM10 annual mean reaches 22µg/m3, the main contributions being secondary particles from industrial emissions (27% of PM10), vehicle exhausts (14-23%), natural mineral dust (23%) and sea spray (5-9%). At the urban kerbside station, the PM10 annual mean reaches 49µg/m3, the main contributions being vehicle exhausts (35-45% of PM10), secondary particles from industrial emissions (24-31%), natural + road dust (25%) and sea spray (4-6%). At the urban kerbside station, the PM2.5 annual mean reaches 34µg/m3, the main contributions being vehicle exhausts (41-53% of PM2.5), secondary particles from industrial emissions (29-35%) and mineral dust (9-11%).<br/> These results have important implications for the implementation of the PM10 EU standards. The natural load in ambient PM10 levels in Eastern Spain accounts for 30-40% of the 2010 EU annual PM10 limit value (20µg/m3). In this region it will not be easy to meet this limit value given that the annual PM10 levels are in the range 17-20µg/m3 at rural, 30-45µg/m3 at urban and 45-60µg/m3 at industrial sites. The high background levels of PM10 in this region are favoured by the specific orographic and meteorological context of the Mediterranean and by the high load of mineral dust caused by the soil re-suspension and the frequent occurrence of African dust events. At rural sites, 2-5 exceedances of the EU daily PM10 limit value (50µg/m3) are recorded every year during African dust outbreaks. On average, 15 African induced and 40-80 non-African induced exceedances of the EU daily PM10 limit value are recorded every year at the urban kerbside stations.<br/> The parameter selected for PM monitoring is a key factor. Most of the PM species resulting from combustion and vehicle exhaust emissions have a fine size distribution (<2.5µm), with exception of nitrate in summer, whereas sea spray and mineral dust present a coarse size distribution. The interference of African dust in the PM monitoring is significantly reduced when PM2.5 instead of PM10 is monitored. Natural mineral dust concentrations during African episodes are in the ranges 20-30µg/m3 in PM10 and 10-15µg/m3 in PM2.5. However, PM2.5 is not a suitable parameter for PM monitoring in all environments. The selection of PM10 or PM2.5 should be conditioned by the type of anthropogenic activity. At urban sites, PM2.5 contains mainly vehicle exhaust products, whereas the road traffic dust principally occurs in the 2.5-10µm fraction. PM2.5 is not a suitable parameter for monitoring some industrial activities (e.g. ceramics, cement production or mining) with primary PM emissions in the 2.5-10µm range.

La robotique ambiante s'intéresse à l'introduction de robots mobiles au sein d'environnements actifs où ces derniers fournissent des fonctionnalités alternatives ou complémentaires à celles embarquées par les robots mobiles. Cette thèse étudie la mise en concurrence des fonctionnalités internes et externes aux robots, qu'elle pose comme un problème de sélection de services logiciels. La sélection de services consiste à choisir un service ou une combinaison de services parmi un ensemble de candidats capables de réaliser une tâche requise. Pour cela, elle doit prédire et évaluer la performance des candidats. Ces performances reposent sur des critères non-fonctionnels comme la durée d'exécution, le coût ou le bruit. Ce domaine applicatif a pour particularité de nécessiter une coordination étroite entre certaines de ses fonctionnalités. Cette coordination se traduit par l'échange de flots de données entre les fonctionnalités durant leurs exécutions. Les fonctionnalités productrices de ces flots sont modélisées comme des services continus. Cette nouvelle catégorie de services logiciels impose que les compositions de services soient hiérarchiques et introduit des contraintes supplémentaires pour la sélection de services. Cette thèse met en évidence la présence d'un important couplage non-fonctionnel entre les performances des instances de services de différents niveaux, même lorsque les flots de données sont unidirectionnels. L'approche proposée se concentre sur la prédiction de la performance d'une instance de haut-niveau sachant son organigramme à l'issue de la sélection. Un organigramme regroupe l'ensemble des instances de services sollicitées pour réaliser une tâche de haut-niveau. L'étude s'appuie sur un scénario impliquant la sélection d'un service de positionnement en vue de permettre le déplacement d'un robot vers une destination requise. Pour un organigramme considéré, la prédiction de performance d'une instance de haut-niveau de ce scénario introduit les exigences suivantes : elle doit (i)être contextuelle en tenant compte, par exemple, du chemin suivi pour atteindre la destination requise, (ii) prendre en charge le remplacement d'une instance de sous-service suite à un échec ou, par extension, de façon opportuniste. En conséquence, cette sélection de services est posée comme un problème de prise de décision séquentielle formalisé à l'aide de processus de décision markoviens à horizon fini. La dimensionnalité importante du contexte en comparaison à la fréquence des déplacements du robot rend inadaptées les méthodes consistant à apprendre directement une fonction de valeur ou une fonction de transition. L'approche proposée repose sur des modèles de dynamique locaux et exploite le chemin de déplacement calculé par un sous-service pour estimer en ligne les valeurs des organigrammes disponibles dans l'état courant. Cette estimation est effectuée par l'intermédiaire d'une méthode de fouille stochastique d'arbre, Upper Confidence bounds applied to Trees<br>Ambient robotics aims at introducing mobile robots in active environments where the latter provide new or alternative functionalities to those shipped by mobile robots. This thesis studies the competition between robot and external functionalities, which is set as a service selection problem. Service selection consists in choosing a service or a combination of services among a set of candidates able to fulfil a given request. To do this, it has to predict and evaluate candidate performances. These performances are based on non-functional requirements such as execution time, cost or noise. This application domain requires tight coordination between some of its functionalities. Tight coordination involves setting data streams between functionalities during their execution. In this proposal, functionalities producing data streams are modelled as continuous services. This new service category requires hierarchical service composition and adds some constraints to the service selection problem. This thesis shows that an important non-functional coupling appears between service instances at different levels, even when data streams are unidirectional. The proposed approach focuses on performance prediction of an high-level service instance given its organigram. This organigram gathers service instances involved in the high-level task processing. The scenario included in this study is the selection of a positioning service involved in a robot navigation high-level service. For a given organigram, performance prediction of an high-level service instance of this scenario has to: (i) be contextual by, for instance, considering moving path towards the required destination, (ii) support service instance replacement after a failure or in an opportunist manner. Consequently, this service selection is set as a sequential decision problem and is formalized as a finite-horizon Markov decision process. Its high contextual dimensionality with respect to robot moving frequency makes direct learning of Q-value functions or transition functions inadequate. The proposed approachre lies on local dynamic models and uses the planned moving path to estimate Q-values of organigrams available in the initial state. This estimation is done using a Monte-Carlo tree search method, Upper Confidence bounds applied to Trees

A growing number of factors, including the costs, technological advancements, an ageing population, and medical errors are leading industrialised countries to invest in research on alternative solutions to improving their health care systems and increasing patients’ life quality. Personal Health System (PHS) solutions envision the use of information and communication technologies that enable a paradigm shift from the traditional hospital-centred healthcare delivery model toward a preventive and person-centred approach. PHS offers the means to follow patient health using wearable, portable or implantable systems that offer ubiquitous, unobtrusive bio-data acquisition, allowing remote access to patient status and treatment monitoring. Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) technology is a non-invasive, quick and relatively affordable technique that can be used for assessing and monitoring different health conditions, e.g., body composition assessments for nutrition. EBI technology combined with state-of-the-art advances in sensor and textile technology are fostering the implementation of wearable bioimpedance monitors that use functional garments for the implementation of personalised healthcare applications. This research studies the development of a portable EBI spectrometer that can use dry textile electrodes for the assessment of body composition for the purposes of clinical uses. The portable bioimpedance monitor has been developed using the latest advances in system-on-chip technology for bioimpedance spectroscopy instrumentation. The obtained portable spectrometer has been validated against commercial spectrometer that performs total body composition assessment using functional textrode garments. The development of a portable Bioimpedance spectrometer using functional garments and dry textile electrodes for body composition assessment has been shown to be a feasible option. The availability of such measurement systems bring closer the real implementation of personalised healthcare systems.<br><p>QC 20130405</p>

L'intelligence ambiante vise à offrir à un utilisateur humain des applications et des services personnalisés et adaptés à la situation courante. L'environnement ambiant, dans lequel cet humain est plongé, est composé d'un ensemble d'objets connectés et de composants logiciels qui sont des briques de base pour la construction d'applications par composition. La disponibilité de ces composants peut varier dynamiquement, en cas de mobilité par exemple. Ceux-ci peuvent apparaître ou disparaître de manière non anticipée. De plus, dans ces environnements dynamiques et ouverts, le besoin de l'utilisateur humain n'est pas stable ni toujours bien défini. Pour construire des applications dans un tel contexte, et fournir à l'utilisateur "les bonnes applications au bon moment", notre équipe explore une approche originale appelée "composition logicielle opportuniste" : l'idée est de construire des applications à la volée par assemblage de composants logiciels présents dans l'environnement sur le moment, sans se baser sur des besoins explicites ni sur des schémas de construction prédéfinis. C'est l'opportunité qui déclenche la construction des applications à la volée. Elle est contrôlée par un système intelligent, appelé moteur de composition opportuniste, qui doit décider des "bonnes" compositions à effectuer sans contribution explicite de l'utilisateur. Ainsi, les applications "émergent" dynamiquement. Les applications émergentes peuvent être imprévues ou inconnues de l'utilisateur. Au centre du système, ce dernier doit être en informé. Il doit pouvoir les contrôler, c'est-à-dire les accepter ou les rejeter, et s'il a les compétences requises, les modifier ou même construire lui-même des applications en assemblant des composants logiciels présents dans l'environnement ambiant. Dans les tâches de contrôle, l'utilisateur doit être assisté au mieux. D'autre part, pour que le moteur de composition opportuniste construise des assemblages pertinents en l'absence de besoins explicites, il doit recevoir des informations de l'utilisateur. Ceci ne doit cependant pas entraîner, pour l'utilisateur, une surcharge d'information ou d'opérations à effectuer. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche basée sur l'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles (IDM) afin de mettre l'utilisateur "au centre de la boucle". Il s'agit de lui présenter les applications émergentes, de l'assister dans son contrôle et d'extraire des données de feedback utiles à fournir au moteur de composition "intelligent". Notre solution repose sur un métamodèle d'assemblage de composants logiciels, des langages spécifiques à un domaine (DSL) qui supportent la description des applications, un éditeur graphique qui permet d'éditer les applications et de capturer le feedback de l'utilisateur. Différentes transformations de modèle permettent l'interfaçage avec le moteur de composition et la génération de différentes formes de descriptions structurelles et sémantiques des applications pour des utilisateurs différents. En outre, les descriptions peuvent être facilement ajustées à un humain particulier, en changeant ou en adaptant les DSL et les transformations de modèle au profil de l'utilisateur. Dans notre approche, contrairement à l'utilisation classique de l'IDM où les outils et les techniques sont utilisés par les ingénieurs pour développer des logiciels et générer du code, le focus est sur les utilisateurs finaux qui prennent la place des ingénieurs. L'ensemble de la solution a été implémentée et fonctionne de manière couplée avec le moteur de composition opportuniste : notre solution prend en entrée les applications proposées par le moteur, les transforme en des modèles présentables, compréhensibles et modifiables par l'utilisateur, et enfin capture le feedback de l'utilisateur pour le transmettre au moteur pour mettre à jour sa connaissance<br>Ambient intelligence aims to provide to human users applications and services that are personalized and adapted to the current situation. The ambient environment which surrounds the human consists of a set of connected objects and software components that are bricks used for the construction of applications by composition. The availability of these components can vary dynamically, in case of mobility for example. In addition, their appearance or disappearance is usually unanticipated. Moreover, in these dynamic and open environments, the user needs are not stable nor always well defined. To build these applications and provide the user with "the right applications at the right time", our team explores an original approach called "opportunistic software composition": the idea is to build applications on the fly by assembling software components present in the environment at the time, without relying on explicit user needs or predefined applications models. Here, it is the availability of the components that triggers opportunistically the on-the-fly building of applications. It is controlled by an intelligent system, called opportunistic composition engine, which decides on the "right" compositions to be made without user input. In such a way, the applications "emerge" dynamically from the ambient environment. Thus, emerging applications can be unexpected or unknown to the user. At the center of the system, the latter must be informed of these applications. On the first hand, she/he must be able to control them, i.e., accept or reject them, and if she/he has the required skills, modify them or eventually build applications herself/himself by assembling software components present in the ambient environment. However, in the control tasks, the user must be assisted as well as possible. On the other hand, in order for the opportunistic composition engine to build relevant assemblies in the absence of explicit needs, it must receive information from the user. In this thesis, we propose an approach based on Model Driven Engineering (MDE) in order to put the user "at the center of the loop". The objective is to present the emerging applications to the user, to assist him in his interventions and to extract useful feedback data to provide to the "intelligent" composition engine. Our solution is based on a metamodel for assembling software components, on different domain-specific languages (DSL) that support application descriptions, and on a graphical editor for editing applications and capturing user feedback. Different methods for model transformations are used to generate structural and semantic application descriptions for different users, from the applications models build by the intelligent engine. In addition, the descriptions can be easily adjusted to a particular human, by changing or adapting the DSL and the model transformations to the user's profile. Unlike the traditional use of MDE where tools and techniques are used by engineers to develop software and generate code, the focus in our approach is on the end users. The entire solution has been implemented and works coupled with the engine. That is to say, our solution is able to intercept the applications models built by the engine, to transform them into presentable models that can be understood and modified by the user, and finally to capture the user feedback and give it back to the engine to update its knowledge

Thesis (Ph.D)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Nenes, Athanasios; Committee Co-Chair: Smith, Jim; Committee Member: Bergin, Mike; Committee Member: Huey, Greg; Committee Member: Weber, Rodney. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Nel presente lavoro di tesi introdurremo una metodologia di sviluppo Agile fortemente influenzata dall’Open source. Vedremo che la combinazione di Agile con uso di strumenti Open Source richiede agli sviluppatori una disciplina speciale, che chiamiamo ”Extreme development”. Partiremo spiegando i fondamenti dell’Agile descrivendo le metodologie più adottate nel mondo lavorativo. Andremo quindi a descrivere quando sia necessario reingegnerizzare un sistema software. Faremo riferimento ad un particolare ambiente di sviluppo: il Compositional Agile System (CAS), nella versione ospitata su una macchina virtuale nella rete dipartimentale DISI. Qui sono messi a disposizione diversi servizi open source utili a chi lavora adottando un particolare modello di sviluppo software agile, chiamato iAgile. Utilizzeremo questo ambiente sia come supporto, sia come base di partenza per il lavoro da effettuare. Spiegheremo le varie fasi attraverso le quali si è passati nel processo di produzione per arrivare ad una versione nuova dell’ambiente CAS. Infine concluderemo spiegando per quali motivi un approccio di tipo Extreme development può essere utile nello sviluppo di un prodotto software, presentando quelle che sono le problematiche riscontrate nel suo utilizzo.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de l'informatique ubiquitaire. Elle étudie la gestion d'un espace personnel virtuel entourant l'utilisateur. À l'intérieur, celui-ci retrouve toujours les mêmes services , des abstractions de fonctionnalités et de données , tels qu'il les ait spécifié dans ses préférences. Cependant, bien que l'interface avec l'utilisateur reste la même, l'implémentation de services offerts change en fonction de modifications du contexte causées, entre autres, par la mobilité. L'équilibre dynamique qui se crée ainsi entre les préférences de l'utilisateur et le contexte est maintenu grâce à trois outils de base : la découverte de service en tant qu'instrument de la construction d'images du contexte, la composition de services par des flots typés de donnés permettant notamment l'adaptation aux changements et l'auto-configuration qui assure une intervention minimale de l'utilisateur. Plus particulièrement, nous traitons l'ajout des caractéristiques telles que le contrôle du domaine de visibilité et le contrôle d'accès à un protocole de découverte de services, la réalisation de compositions sans spécification préalable en utilisant les seuls services découverts et la configuration de services hétérogènes à l'aide d'outils externes de configuration<br>This dissertation addresses issues in the field of ubiquitous or ambient computing. It studies the management of a virtual space surrounding the user. Inside, one always finds the same services , abstractions of functionalities and data , such as specified beforehand in hers/his preferences. However, although the interface with the user remains the same, the implementation of the provided services changes according to modifications of the context caused, inter alia, by mobility. The dynamic balance created between the plan of the preferences and the contextual plan is maintained thanks to three basic tools : service discovery as instrument for taking context snapshots', dataflow service composition allowing continuous adaptation to changes and self-configuration ensuring a minimal user intervention. More particularly, we treat features addition such as visibility range and access control to a service discovery protocol, realization of compositions without preliminary specification by using only discovered services in a proactive manner and configuration of heterogeneous services using external configuring tools

A presente dissertação estuda a relevância das padronagens como elemento compositivo no Design de Interiores contemporâneo. O campo de observação compõe-se da inter-relação entre o Design de Interiores e o Design de Superfícies, presente nos revestimentos e acabamento dos objetos. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa teve como ponto inicial a constatação da autora, a partir da experiência profissional, da importância da padronagem na definição da identidade do ambiente e à forma intuitiva que se dá o processo de escolha desse elemento compositivo pelo profissional da área. A discussão do tema fundamenta-se teoricamente na investigação de autores como Ching e Binggeli, Gibbs, Gurgel, Rüthschilling, Lupton e Phillips, Savoir e Vilaseca, entre outros. O estudo está estruturado a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo, utilizando as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, estudo de campo e estudo de caso. Com o intuito de verificar a importância das padronagens no Design de Interiores, a pesquisa tem como base conhecer a atividade de Design de Interiores, o desenvolvimento do projeto, observação de campo e estudo de caso de projeto específico. Apresenta o estado da arte do Design de Superfície sob o aspecto conceitual e compositivo no desenvolvimento das padronagens aplicadas em ambientes, por meio do estudo das “Visualidades Contemporâneas”. Na discussão dos resultados identifica a presença das padronagens no campo da pesquisa – Design de Interiores e Design de Superfície aborda os aspectos considerados na utilização da padronagem como elemento compositivo no ambiente. Conclui que a padronagem é um elemento compositivo relevante na construção da identidade do ambiente. Evidencia a presença do Design de Superfície no desenvolvimento das padronagens observando os aspectos técnicos e conceituais aplicados aos revestimentos identificados em ambientes contemporâneos. Destaca a crescente e expressiva a utilização das padronagens, sendo quase impossível presenciar uma superfície sem tratamento.<br>This dissertation examines the relevance of patterns as a compositional element in contemporary interior design. The field of observation consists on the inter-relationship between interior and surface design, present in the coatings and finishing of objects. The development of this research has as starting point the acknowledgement from the author, based on her experience, of the importance of the participation of patterning in defining the identity of the environment in contrast to the intuitive way of choosing this compositional element made by the professional of the area. The discussion of the topic is based on theoretical research of authors such as Ching and Binggeli, Gibbs, Gurgel, Rüthschilling, Lupton and Phillips, Savoir and Vilaseca, among others. The study is structured on a qualitative exploratory and descriptive approach in order to find indicators, taking advantage of the techniques of the bibliographical research, as well as a field and a case study. In order to verify the importance of patterns in Interior Design, the search is based on known activity of Interior Design, design development, field observation and case study of a specific project. Displays the state of the art design area under the aspect of conceptual and compositional patterns in the development of applied indoors, through the study of "contemporary visuality". In discussing the results of the study identifies the presence of patterns in research - Interior Design and Surface Design and observes the aspects considered in the use of pattern as a compositional element in the environment. It comes to the conclusion that the pattern is a relevant compositional element in constructing the identity of the environment. The work highlights the surface design in the development of patterns when it observes the technical and conceptual aspects applied to the identified coatings in contemporary environments. The use of patterns is significant and growing in the field, being almost impossible to see a surface without it.

This thesis has investigated the material characteristics of the new high-strength steel (HSS) produced by Giflo Steels (F-series steel) using detailed experimental studies involving ambient and elevated temperature mechanical property tests, post-fire mechanical property tests and V-Charpy notch tests for hardness. Its findings have shown that the new F-series steel has an advantage over similar HSS as it has superior post-fire mechanical properties, while retaining also the other mechanical properties within the requirements of relevant design standards.

La conception d'applications pour un environnement attentif (applications attentives) soulève de nombreux défis, en particulier liés à l'hétérogénéité des objets communicants, à l'instabilité de l'environnement et à la variabilité des besoins. Afin de faciliter cette conception, on s'intéresse à la notion d'application composite flexible : des applications qui fonctionnent en continu, en arrière plan de l'attention, et agrègent des fonctionnalités fournies par les objets communicants, afin d'accompagner l'interaction des utilisateurs. FCAP est un intergiciel pour la composition flexible d'applications, qui fournit un support générique pour intégrer les fonctionnalités, s'adapter à un environnement instable et ajuster l'équilibre entre l'automatisation et le contrôle par les utilisateurs. Cet intergiciel développe des principes issus de l'architecture orientée-service, du Web sémantique et des systèmes multi-agents, particulièrement pertinentes pour les environnements considérés.

La conception d'applications pour un environnement attentif (applications attentives) soulève de nombreux défis, en particulier liés à l'hétérogénéité des objets communicants, à l'instabilité de l'environnement et à la variabilité des besoins. Afin de faciliter cette conception, on s'intéresse à la notion d'application composite flexible : des applications qui fonctionnent en continu, en arrière plan de l'attention, et agrègent des fonctionnalités fournies par les objets communicants, afin d'accompagner l'interaction des utilisateurs. FCAP est un intergiciel pour la composition flexible d'applications, qui fournit un support générique pour intégrer les fonctionnalités, s'adapter à un environnement instable et ajuster l'équilibre entre l'automatisation et le contrôle par les utilisateurs. Cet intergiciel développe des principes issus de l'architecture orientée-service, du Web sémantique et des systèmes multi-agents, particulièrement pertinentes pour les environnements considérés<br>Designing applications for a person-aware environment (called person-aware applications) raises numerous challenges. Especially, devices are heterogeneous, environments are unstable and evolving, and users’ needs are variable and imprecise. In order to facilitate the design of person-aware applications, we focus on the notion of flexible composite applications (FCAP): applications working continuously in the background of our attention with the goal of aggregating functionalities in order to support our activities. We thus investigate a middleware for flexible composition of applications, called FCAP. FCAP provides a generic support for integrating heterogeneous functionalities, adapting applications to an unstable environment and adjusting the balance between automation and end-user control. Our approach builds on principles derived from the fields of service-oriented architecture, semantic Web and multi-agent systems, all of which have relevant properties for our environments

Avec l'apparition des paradigmes de l'intelligence ambiante et de la robotique ubiquitaire, on assiste à l'émergence de nouveaux systèmes intelligents ambiants visant à créer et gérer des environnements ou écosystèmes intelligents d'une façon intuitive et transparente. Ces environnements sont des espaces intelligents caractérisés notamment par l'ouverture, l'hétérogénéité, l'incertitude et la dynamicité des entités qui les constituent. Ces caractéristiques soulèvent ainsi des défis scientifiques considérables pour la conception et la mise en œuvre d'un système intelligent adéquat. Ces défis sont principalement au nombre de cinq : l'abstraction de la représentation des entités hétérogènes, la gestion des incertitudes, la réactivité aux événements, la sensibilité au contexte et l'auto-adaptation face aux changements imprévisibles qui se produisent dans l'environnement ambiant. L'approche par composition dynamique de services constitue l'une des réponses prometteuses à ces défis. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un système intelligent capable d'effectuer une composition dynamique de services en tenant compte, d'une part, du contexte d'utilisation et des diverses fonctionnalités offertes par les services disponibles dans un environnement ambiant et d'autre part, des besoins variables exprimés par les utilisateurs. Ce système est construit suivant un modèle multicouche, adaptatif et réactif aux événements. Il repose aussi sur l'emploi d'un modèle de connaissances expressif permettant une ouverture plus large vers les différentes entités de l'environnement ambiant notamment : les dispositifs, les services, les événements, le contexte et les utilisateurs. Ce système intègre également un modèle de découverte et de classification de services afin de localiser et de préparer sémantiquement les services nécessaires à la composition de services. Cette composition est réalisée d'une façon automatique et dynamique en deux phases principales: la phase offline et la phase online. Dans la phase offline, un graphe global reliant tous les services abstraits disponibles est généré automatiquement en se basant sur des règles de décision sur les entrées et les sorties des services. Dans la phase online, des sous-graphes sont extraits automatiquement à partir du graphe global selon les tâches à réaliser qui sont déclenchées par des événements qui surviennent dans l'environnement ambiant. Les sous-graphes ainsi obtenus sont exécutés suivant un modèle de sélection et de monitoring de services pour tenir compte du contexte d'utilisation et garantir une meilleure qualité de service. Les différents modèles proposés ont été mis en œuvre et validés sur la plateforme ubiquitaire d'expérimentation du laboratoire LISSI à partir de plusieurs scénarii d'assistance et de maintien de personnes à domicile<br>With the appearance of the paradigms of the ambient intelligence and ubiquitaire robotics, we attend the emergence of new ambient intelligent systems to create and manage environments or intelligent ecosystems in a intuitive and transparent way. These environments are intelligent spaces characterized in particular by the opening, the heterogeneousness, the uncertainty and the dynamicité of the entities which establish(constitute) them. These characteristics so lift(raise) considerable scientific challenges for the conception(design) and the implementation of an adequate intelligent system. These challenges are mainly among five: the abstraction of the representation of the heterogeneous entities, the management of the uncertainties, the reactivity in the events, the sensibility in the context and the auto-adaptation

Avec l'apparition des paradigmes de l'intelligence ambiante et de la robotique ubiquitaire, on assiste à l'émergence de nouveaux systèmes intelligents ambiants visant à créer et gérer des environnements ou écosystèmes intelligents d'une façon intuitive et transparente. Ces environnements sont des espaces intelligents caractérisés notamment par l'ouverture, l'hétérogénéité, l'incertitude et la dynamicité des entités qui les constituent. Ces caractéristiques soulèvent ainsi des défis scientifiques considérables pour la conception et la mise en œuvre d'un système intelligent adéquat. Ces défis sont principalement au nombre de cinq : l'abstraction de la représentation des entités hétérogènes, la gestion des incertitudes, la réactivité aux événements, la sensibilité au contexte et l'auto-adaptation face aux changements imprévisibles qui se produisent dans l'environnement ambiant. L'approche par composition dynamique de services constitue l'une des réponses prometteuses à ces défis. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un système intelligent capable d'effectuer une composition dynamique de services en tenant compte, d'une part, du contexte d'utilisation et des diverses fonctionnalités offertes par les services disponibles dans un environnement ambiant et d'autre part, des besoins variables exprimés par les utilisateurs. Ce système est construit suivant un modèle multicouche, adaptatif et réactif aux événements. Il repose aussi sur l'emploi d'un modèle de connaissances expressif permettant une ouverture plus large vers les différentes entités de l'environnement ambiant notamment : les dispositifs, les services, les événements, le contexte et les utilisateurs. Ce système intègre également un modèle de découverte et de classification de services afin de localiser et de préparer sémantiquement les services nécessaires à la composition de services. Cette composition est réalisée d'une façon automatique et dynamique en deux phases principales: la phase offline et la phase online. Dans la phase offline, un graphe global reliant tous les services abstraits disponibles est généré automatiquement en se basant sur des règles de décision sur les entrées et les sorties des services. Dans la phase online, des sous-graphes sont extraits automatiquement à partir du graphe global selon les tâches à réaliser qui sont déclenchées par des événements qui surviennent dans l'environnement ambiant. Les sous-graphes ainsi obtenus sont exécutés suivant un modèle de sélection et de monitoring de services pour tenir compte du contexte d'utilisation et garantir une meilleure qualité de service. Les différents modèles proposés ont été mis en œuvre et validés sur la plateforme ubiquitaire d'expérimentation du laboratoire LISSI à partir de plusieurs scénarii d'assistance et de maintien de personnes à domicile<br>With the appearance of the paradigms of the ambient intelligence and ubiquitaire robotics, we attend the emergence of new ambient intelligent systems to create and manage environments or intelligent ecosystems in a intuitive and transparent way. These environments are intelligent spaces characterized in particular by the opening, the heterogeneousness, the uncertainty and the dynamicité of the entities which establish(constitute) them. These characteristics so lift(raise) considerable scientific challenges for the conception(design) and the implementation of an adequate intelligent system. These challenges are mainly among five: the abstraction of the representation of the heterogeneous entities, the management of the uncertainties, the reactivity in the events, the sensibility in the context and the auto-adaptation

Esta tese aborda a Arquitetura Moderna de Curitiba e investiga a adequação desta ao conforto ambiental particularmente enfocando as tensões entre o desenho dos dispositivos de controle solar a favor da composição formal do edifício e vice versa (e não controle versus composição). O pressuposto é que edifícios pertencentes a determinado recorte temporal não tenham sido “protegidos” e sim tenham sido concebidos conscientemente por meio de decisões técnicas integrativas e relacionadas com o projeto global visando resolver inúmeras variáveis de maneira adequada ao peculiar clima de Curitiba. Ou seja, que houve controle compositivo e controle ambiental aliados, objetivando criar uma interface ideal entre meio externo e interno para abrigar o usuário. A pesquisa selecionou 10 (dez) edifícios ícones da arquitetura moderna de Curitiba, pertinentes ao recorte temporal 1948 – 1978, todos casos singulares e ainda existentes na cidade. O recorte temporal propiciou que o primeiro e último caso fossem dois projetos do arquiteto João Batista Vilanova Artigas, as residências Bettega e Niclewicz, entre as quais estão mais oito edifícios públicos, significativos e exemplares. O objetivo principal é analisar tais estudos de caso a fim de validar ou não a adequação e eficácia do controle compositivo e controle ambiental decididos pelo arquiteto em relação ao clima local. Como objetivos secundários a pesquisa intenciona documentar e registrar a história de tais ícones, imaginando valorizar o arquiteto e a arquitetura moderna de Curitiba. Além disso, esta pesquisa pretende incentivar a conservação do patrimônio histórico edificado e ser uma fonte de estudo e sugestões para estudantes e arquitetos.<br>This thesis approaches the Modern Architecture of Curitiba and investigates its adequacy to the environmental comfort particularly focusing the tensions between the design of the solar control devices in favor of the formal composition of the building and vice versa (and not the control versus the composition). The assumption is that buildings belonging to a certain temporal cut have not been "protected" but have been consciously conceived through integrative technical decisions that were related to the overall project, aiming to solve several variables in an appropriate way to the peculiar climate of Curitiba. That means, there was compositional and environmental control allied, aiming to create an ideal interface between external and internal environment to shelter the user. The research selected 10 (ten) iconic buildings of the modern architecture of Curitiba, relevant to the temporal cut 1948 - 1978, all of them, unique cases that still exist in the city. The temporal cut fostered that the first and the last cases were projects of the architect João Batista Vilanova Artigas, the Bettega and Niclewicz residences, among them, there are eight other public buildings, significant and exemplary. The main objective is to analyze the case studies in order to validate or not the adequacy and effectiveness of the compositional and environmental control established by the architect in relation to the local climate. As secondary objectives the research intends to document and record the history of those icons, meaning to enhance the architect and the modern architecture of Curitiba. In addition, this research intends to stimulate the conservation of the built heritage and be a source of study and suggestion for students and architects.

L'évolution des réseaux sans fil et filaires, et des objets communicants qui y sont connectés va vers une plus grande diversité et une plus grande hétérogénéité, et rend possible un plus fort couplage entre le monde de l'information et le monde physique par l'intermédiaire de tous ces objets. Les intergiciels répartis doivent évoluer pour permettre aux applications de s'adapter aux possibilités et contraintes nouvelles offertes par les combinaisons possibles de ces réseaux et de ces objets. Cette thèse propose de palier aux limitations des intergiciels multimédia actuels pour les adapter à ces évolutions. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons étudié une architecture logicielle qui fournit des services de base d'acquisition et de traitement multimédia. Ces composants de services multimédia permettent de réaliser rapidement de nouvelles applications de communication audio-visuelle, basées sur des dispositifs d'interface répartis. Sur la base de réseaux hétérogènes, nous voulons offrir des services banalisés d'acquisition et de composition de flux vidéo permettant de développer un environnement de communication " ambiante" adaptative au contexte. Une description de l'environnement réel issue du modèle graphique Web3D est proposée pour composer les flux multimédias issus de capteurs répartis. Nous validons nos approches par la mise en œuvre d'un environnement de co-présence visuelle, qui généralise les services classiques de visioconférence avec une acquisition vidéo panoramique multi-caméras. Dans l'expérimentation, nous avons réussit à exploiter au maximum les capacités des réseaux haut débit pour diminuer les charges de traitement des serveurs et terminaux<br>Evolutions of pervasive networks and networked smart devices make possible a stronger coupling between the world of information and the physical world, yet they are also leading towards an increased diversity and heterogeneity. Distributed middleware must evolve to adapt to the new constraints imposed by these evolutions. The problem addressed in this thesis involves the extension of current and future multimedia frameworks to meet the requirements of these new pervasive communication environments. To achieve this goal, we studied a software model, which provides basic services for the acquisition processing and composition of video allowing to develop a context-aware environ ment for ambient communication. A multimedia framework for video acquisition and composition is specified using a model of virtual device component. An event-based control mechanism for management of video sensor has a\so been implemented. To describe the real environment captured from distributed sensors, configuration information is described dynamically using a formalism drawn from modelling of 3D virtual environments. The application of our work is to offer an ambient-sharing environment using a panoramic video acquisition from multiple cameras. The experimentation validated our conceptual propositions on future communication platform for high throughput Gigabit networks, using network bandwidth to decrease the processing load of server and terminais

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No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarisseCOS_DISSERT.pdf: 4409173 bytes, checksum: ddfe0c2c141a91a0fc8fb6c388923cb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The semi-arid tropical environments exhibit high seasonality, including wide variation in the rainfall amount throughout the year. This triggers fluctuations in environmental conditions and the resources availability and therefore should influence the variation in species richness of birds in time and space. In this study we used capturerecapture data from birds to evaluate issues such as: (1) species richness vary seasonally with a high change rate, as in other semi-arid; (2) species richness variation is mainly due to the temporary departure of species in the wet-dry transition and return on dry-wet cycle; and (3) the environment with a lower degree of disturbance is associated with less seasonal variation in species composition and richness than higher disturbed environment. The study was carried out in the Caatinga (semi-arid Neotropical) over three years (2012-2015), with two annual capture season (dry and wet) in two environments (natural and disturbed). We analyzed the data through MARK program, with Robust design models and CJS to estimate parameters of the communities’ dynamics (estimates of species input and output (permanent and temporary), species richness and richness change rate). The analysis showed that seasonality and environment are factors decisive for the temporary emigration, the largest output of species in the wet-dry transition and greater input in the dry-wet. We estimate that approximately 40% of the species left the sampling area after the rainy season and 85% of the outside species entered the area before the rainy season. The average of species richness estimated was 33.4 in the dry season and 53.2 in the rainy season. The change rate of species richness varied from 0.6 in the wet-dry transition to 1.5 in the dry-wet, being similar between environments. The estimates of permanent output of species varied from one to three species per transition, while permanent input varied between four and six species per season. Our results showed that the seasonal variation of water regime, as well as the phytophysiognomy change were important factors in determining the community dynamics<br>Os ambientes semiáridos tropicais apresentam alta sazonalidade climática, incluindo grande variação pluviométrica ao longo do ano. Isto desencadeia flutuações nas condições ambientais e na disponibilidade de recursos e, consequentemente, deve influenciar a variação na riqueza de espécies de aves no espaço e tempo. Neste estudo utilizamos dados de captura-recaptura de aves para avaliar questões como: (1) a riqueza de espécies varia sazonalmente e a taxa de mudança é alta, assim como em outros semiáridos; (2) a variação na riqueza é consequência principalmente da saída temporária de espécies na transição chuva-seca e retorno na seca-chuva; e (3) o ambiente com menor grau de perturbação está associado à menor variação sazonal em riqueza e composição de espécies do que o mais perturbado. O estudo ocorreu na Caatinga (semiárido neotropical), ao longo de três anos (09/2012 a 08/2015), com dois períodos anuais de captura (seca e chuva) em dois ambientes (natural e perturbado). Analisamos os dados no programa Mark, com modelos do tipo Desenho Robusto e CJS visando estimar parâmetros da dinâmica de comunidades (estimativas de entrada e saída espécies (permanente e temporária), riqueza de espécies e taxa de mudança na riqueza). As análises mostraram que a sazonalidade e o tipo de ambiente são fatores determinantes para a emigração temporária, sendo a maior saída de espécies na transição chuva-seca e maior entrada na seca-chuva. Estimamos que aproximadamente 40% das espécies saíram da área de amostragem após o período chuvoso e 85% das espécies que estavam fora, entraram na área antes do período chuvoso. A riqueza de espécies estimada foi em média de 33,4 na época seca e 53,2 na época de chuva. A taxa de mudança na riqueza de espécies variou entre 0,6 na transição chuva-seca e 1,5 na seca-chuva, sendo semelhantes entre ambientes. As estimativas de saída permanente de espécies variou de uma a três espécies por transição, enquanto que de entradas permanentes variou entre quatro e seis espécies por período. Os nossos resultados mostraram que a variação sazonal do regime hídrico, assim como, a variação na fitofisionomia foram fatores importantes na determinação da dinâmica da comunidade<br>2017-03-28

This project has led to the development of a new industrial-aimed thermosetting nanocomposite, capable of electrostatic dissipation while guaranteeing the mechanical properties distinguishing of a glass fiber reinforced composite. The matrix consists in a polyester resin, industrially formulated for glass fiber reinforced composites; commercially available graphene nanoplatelets are being used as the fillers, provided by NanoXplore, Canada; both unreinforced and glass fiber reinforced configurations of the composite has been made. The production process has been chosen accordingly to the scalability need. Filler dispersion has been obtained through high shear mixing and 6 weight concentration were used, namely 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% ,7% and 10%. Samples have been produced by compression molding with previous manual lay-up preparation of the sample; specimens for the tests were cut directly from the plate sample with the help of a table saw and subsequent sandpaper refining. Electrical characterization has identified a percolation threshold in the range 3÷5 wt%, showing an increase in conductivity of over 7 orders of magnitude; cross plane conductivity is as high as 10-4 [S/cm] for the most conductive sample, with in-plane and cross-section conductivities consistently lower by an order of magnitude. The significant increase of permittivity values in the percolated samples suggests a possible suitability for EMI shielding due to absorption mechanism. Tests on mechanical behavior didn't show any clear trend in relation to fillers content, with variations between the samples shown through all the concentration range; overall, the presence of nanofillers don’t seem to significantly affect flexural and strength properties. Finally, the developed nanocomposite met the objective regarding surface and volume conductivity for electrostatic dissipation while maintaining the mechanical properties of the neat reinforced composite.

Cette recherche interroge les enjeux heuristiques et opérationnels de la vidéo dans la pratique de l'urbanisme. Pour ce faire, elle opère une rencontre entre la notion d'ambiances architecturales et urbaines, telle qu'elle est développée au CRESSON, et les concepts d'image-mouvement et d'image-temps développés par Deleuze. Puis elle propose de rendre cette rencontre effective dans le cadre de la pratique de l'urbanisme à travers le compositing numérique, technique de manipulation des images animées.L'hypothèse qui guide cette recherche est qu'il est possible de définir une image-composite capable de faire valoir et de mettre en débat des phénomènes d'ambiances spécifiques aux territoires étudiés. Cette hypothèse se formalise autour de deux corpus, le premier est issu d'une pratique artistique de la vidéo qui motiva la mise en place de ce projet de thèse, le deuxième est issu d'une pratique de la vidéo en agence d'urbanisme qui s'effectua tout au long de cette recherche.Ce travail permet de valoriser la vidéo comme support de connaissance d'un côté et comme posture de projet de l'autre. Support de connaissance, car la vidéo offre la possibilité de renouveler l'approche phénoménologique en vigueur dans le champ des ambiances par une appréhension des phénomènes sensibles dans le temps de leur actualisation. Posture de projet, car la vidéo est susceptible de reconfigurer les modalités relationnelles en œuvre dans les dynamiques d'analyse et de conception de l'espace et du territoire<br>This research questions the heuristic and operational issues of the video in the practice of urban planning. To do this, it operates a meeting between the notion of architectural and urban environments, as developed in Cresson, with image-mouvement and image-temps concepts developed by Deleuze. Then it proposes to give effect to this meeting in the practice of urban planning through digital compositing, technical handling of moving images.The hypothesis guiding this research is that it is possible to define a image-composite able to argue and to debate specific environments territories studied phenomena. This assumption is formalized around two corpus, the first comes from an artistic practice of video that motivated the development of this thesis, the second is from a practice of video in urban planning agency was carried out throughout this research.This work adds value to the video as knowledge media on one side and posture as a project of the other. Support for knowledge, because video offers the possibility of renewing the phenomenological approach in force in the atmospheres of the field by a sensitive understanding of phenomena in time of updating. Project posture, because the video is likely to reconfigure relational modalities implemented in dynamic analysis and design of the space and territory

Ambientes Pervasivos são ambientes povoados por diversos dispositivos (sensores, atuadores, etc.) e aplicações de software (locais ou distribuídas) incorporadas nestes ambientes físicos de forma transparente para o usuário. Ambientes deste tipo devem ser capazes de interagir e satisfazer as requisições do usuário de forma autônoma e transparente. Nesse sentido, um dos maiores desafios de pesquisa em ambientes pervasivos é a de estabelecer mecanismos automáticos para compor, de forma dinâmica, funcionalidades que satisfaçam as requisições dos usuários. Nesse sentido, nós partimos da hipótese que mecanismos automáticos de interação entre ambientes e usuários podem ser abordados como um problema de composição automática de serviços em ambientes pervasivos. Portanto, nossa proposta é desenvolver um modelo referência, a partir do qual podem ser implementados sistemas que permitam ao ambiente pervasivo interagir com o usuário de forma natural, automática e dinâmica. Desta forma, o sistema de composição de serviços gerencia e automatiza o processo de resolução de requisições feitas pelo usuário (de forma implícita e/ou explicita) através das funcionalidades (serviços) disponíveis no ambiente ou através de novas funcionalidades criadas pelo processo de composição. Para tal fim, este trabalho apresenta um Modelo de Referência que permita projetar, implementar e avaliar sistemas de composição de serviços que gerenciem e automatizem o processo de interação em diversos tipos de ambientes pervasivos. Nossa proposta traz vantagens como: o baixo acoplamento e a interoperabilidade, isto porque é possível selecionar, integrar e reutilizar de forma eficiente e efetiva serviços heterogêneos provenientes de diversos tipos de dispositivos e/ou aplicações. Além disso, o modelo ontológico WSMO (Web Services Modelling Ontology) nos permite descrever semanticamente as capacidades dos serviços como também as informações contextuais presentes no ambiente, o que torna nosso sistema mais perto de um ambiente pervasivo real como o idealizado por Mark Weiser.<br>Pervasive environments are populated by several devices (sensors, actuators, etc.) and software applications (local or distributed) incorporated these physical environments transparently to the user. Environments of this type should be able to interact and process user requests autonomously and transparently. In this sense, one of the biggest research challenges in pervasive environments is to establish automatic mechanisms to compose dynamically, features that meet the user requirements. In this sense, we set the hypothesis that automatic mechanisms of interaction between users and environments can be addressed as a problem of automatic composition of services in pervasive environments. Therefore, our proposal is to develop a reference model, from which systems can be implemented to enable the pervasive environment interact with the user in a natural, automatic and dynamic. Thus, the system service composition management and automates the process of resolving requests made by the user (implicitly and / or explicitly) through the functionality (services) available in the environment or through new features created by the process of composition. To this end, this paper presents a Reference Model that allows to design, implement and evaluate systems of composition of services that manage and automate the interaction process in different types of pervasive environments. Our proposal brings benefits such as loose coupling and interoperability, because it is possible to select, integrate and reuse in an efficient and effective heterogeneous services from different types of devices and / or applications. Furthermore, the ontological model WSMO (Web Services Modeling Ontology) allows us to semantically describe the capabilities of the services as well as contextual information in the environment, which makes our system closer to a real pervasive environment as conceived by Mark Weiser.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-20T13:59:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ise de Goreth Silva.pdf: 613990 bytes, checksum: c32a4537ad54aa48a78eb629933cc489 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T13:59:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ise de Goreth Silva.pdf: 613990 bytes, checksum: c32a4537ad54aa48a78eb629933cc489 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-21<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The aim of the present study was to analyze the structure of the phytoplankton community on the nyctemeral and seasonal scales and the influence of limnological variables in two Amazon lakes: Caracaranã Lake (03º50’41” N and 59º46'52.1 W) and Lago dos Reis (01º30’59.5” N and 61º15'50.4" W). Sampling was performed with nictemeral frequency in 4-hour intervals, completing two 24-hour cycles in two distinct climate periods: rainy season (August and September 2005 and June 2006) and dry season (December 2005 and November 2006). Collections were made at a central station in the lakes at the subsurface (0.20 m), middle and approximately 30 cm above the bottom of the water column, using a van Dorn bottle. The following abiotic variables were analyzed: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total nitrogen, nitrate, total dissolved phosphorus and orthophosphate. The phytoplankton community was assessed with regard to composition and density. The relationship between the phytoplankton community and abiotic variables was assessed using canonical correspondence analysis. Caracaranã Lake proved oxygenated, witha predominance of an ortograde profile, slightly acidic, polymythic waters with diurnal stratification and nocturnal circulation during the rainy season and homogeneous layers during the dry season, with low concentrations of nutrients, characterizing an oligotrophic environment. A total of 60 taxa were identified, with a predominance of desmids (50% of the taxa). The species Botryococcus terribilis J. Komárek & P. Marvan e Sphaerocystis shroeteri Chodat had a 92.86% frequency of occurrence. The nictemeral variations in population densities tended toward the formation of vertical gradients, with slightly higher values at the subsurface. Regarding seasonality, the greatest densities occurred in the rainy season and the lowest densities occurred in the dry season. Lago dos Reis had low concentrations of oxygen, a clinograde profile, waters ranging from slightly acidic to alkaline, stratified during the day and homogenous at night, with low concentrations of nutrients. The phytoplankton community was represented by 54 taxa, with a predominance of Chlorococcales (22 species). Small densities of phytoplankton occurred in both nictemeral cycles, with an accentuatedvertical gradient. The highest densities were recorded in the dry season and lowest densities were recorded in the wet season. Lago dos Reis exhibit characteristics that classify it as apolymythic, oligotrophic environment. The canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the variability in the data was more important seasonally than on the nictemeral scale. It was concluded that differences found in the structure and dynamics of the phytoplankton communities are related to the particular characteristics of each lake, such as low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, turbid waters, pH ranging from slightly acidic to alkaline at Lago dos Reis, contrasting the well-oxygenated waster, high transparency and slightly acid pH in Caracaranã Lake.<br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, em escala nictemeral e sazonal, a estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica e a influência das variáveis limnológicas sobre esta comunidade, em dois lagos amazônicos: lago Caracaranã (03º50’41” N e 59º46'52,1 W) e lago dos Reis (01º30’59,5” N e 61º15'50,4" W). Foram realizadas amostragens com freqüência nictemerais, em intervalos de 4 horas, completando dois ciclos de 24 horas em dois períodos climatológicos distintos: período chuvoso (agosto e setembro/2005 e junho/2006) e período seco (dezembro/2005 e novembro/2006). As coletas foram feitas em uma estação central dos lagos, na subsuperfície (0,20 m), meio e aproximadamente 30 cm acima do fundo da coluna d’água, utilizando-se garrafa de van Dorn. As variáveis abióticas analisadas foram: temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, nitrogênio total, nitrito, nitrato, fósforo total, fósforo total dissolvido e ortofosfato. A comunidade fitoplanctônica foi avaliada em relação à composição e densidade. A relação entre as variáveis abióticas e a comunidade fitoplanctônica foi avaliada através da análise de correspondênciacanônica (ACC). O lago Caracaranã apresentou-se oxigenado com predomínio de perfil do tipo ortogrado, águas levemente ácidas, polimítico com estratificação diurna e circulação noturna durante o período chuvoso e camada homogênea no período seco e baixas concentrações de nutrientes caracterizando-o como um ambiente oligotrófico. Um total de 60 táxons foi identificado, com predomínio das desmídias (50% dos táxons). As espécies Botryococcus terribilis J. Komárek & P. Marvan e Sphaerocystis shroeteri Chodat apresentaram freqüência de ocorrência de 92,86%. As variações nictemerais de densidades populacionais tenderam à formação de gradientes verticais com valores ligeiramente maiores na subsuperfície. Em relação à sazonalidade, as maiores densidades ocorreram no períodochuvoso e as menores no período seco. O lago dos Reis apresentou águas com baixas concentrações de oxigênio e presença de perfil clinogrado, variando entre levemente ácidas a alcalinas, estratificadas no período diurno e homogêneas no período noturno e baixas concentrações de nutrientes. A comunidade fitoplanctônica esteve representada por 54 táxons, com predomínio das Chlorococcales (22 espécies). Reduzidas densidades fitoplanctônica ocorreram nos dois ciclos nictemerais, com acentuado gradiente vertical. As maioresdensidades foram registradas no período seco e as menores no chuvoso. O lago dos Reis apresenta características que permitem classificá-lo como um ambiente polimítico e oligotrófico. A análise de correspondência canônica mostrou que a variabilidade dos dados foi mais importante sazonalmente do que na escala nictemeral. Em síntese, conclui-se que as diferenças observadas na estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade fitoplanctônica dos lagos estão relacionadas às características peculiares de cada um, tais como, baixas concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, águas turvas, pH variando de levemente ácido a alcalino do lago dos Reis, contrastando com águas bem oxigenadas, alta transparência e pH levemente ácido do lago Caracaranã.

L'arsenic (As) et le mercure (Hg) sont des éléments toxiques et leur présence dans l'environnement peut avoir une origine naturelle et / ou anthropique. Dans les deux cas, la toxicité et la dynamique dans l'environnement dépendent fortement de la forme/espèce chimique dans laquelle se trouve l’élèment. Dans le Pantanal, des études antérieures ont révélé des concentrations élevées d'As dans les lagunes alcalines-salines et de faibles concentrations dans les eaux douces. Afin d'étudier les différences entre les lagunes, l'origine et la spéciation de l'As, des échantillons d'eau, de sédiments et de sols ont été collectés dans différentes lagunes et à différentes périodes. Les concentrations de As ont été déterminées par ICP-MS et la spéciation chimique (SC) analisée par LC-ICP-MS. Il a été observé que l'espèce prédominante était l’As(V) dont l’origine a été attribuée à trois facteurs: 1) le régime des inondations du Pantanal combiné à des forts taux d'évaporation; 2) le pH élevé des eaux des lagunes et 3) la présence de concentrations élevées de Fe, Al et de matière organique. Dans la forêt amazonienne, des émissions de Hg élevées sont observées en raison des feux de forêts. Cependant, aucune étude n'a évalué les changements qu'ils provoquent dans la spéciation chimique ou dans la composition isotopique du Hg (CI). Pour combler cette lacune, des expériences de feux programmés ont été menées sur deux parcelles de forêts en Amazonie brésilienne, où des échantillons de litière, de sols et de cendres ont été collectés. La CI a été analysée par MC-ICP-MS et la SC par GC-ICP-MS. Les résultats de la CI ont indiqué que pendant les incendies, le Hg n'est pas fortement fractionné isotopiquement. Ainsi, il a été estimé que les émissions de Hg ont une signature isotopique qui correspond à un mélange de signatures de litière et de sol. Pour la SC, il a été observé que les feuilles captent le méthylmercure atmosphérique (MMHg) et le déposent dans le sol, qui l'accumule avec le temps. Après le brûlage, le MMHg de la litière peut être principalement perdu tandis que celui présent dans le sol peut n’être perdu que partiellement<br>Arsenic (As) and Mercury (Hg) are toxic elements which presence in the environment may be attributed to natural or anthropic sources. In both cases, the toxicity and the dynamics in the environment are strongly dependent of the elements form/chemical specie. At the Pantanal, previous studies found high As concentrations in alkaline-saline lakes and low concentrations in fresh water lakes. Aiming to investigate the difference between these lakes, As origin and chemical speciation (CS), samples of water, sediments and soils were collected in distinct lakes and in different periods. As content was quantified by ICP-MS and its CS was analyzed by LC-ICP-MS. Results shown that As(V) was the main specie in this environment, which origin was attributed to three main factors: 1) the flood system combined with the high evaporation rates; 2) the high pH of the lakes and 3) the presence of high concentrations of Fe, Al and organic matter. On the other hand, in the Amazon rainforest, high rates of Hg emissions are observed due to forest burning. Nonetheless, no work in the literature has investigated what changes forest burning causes in Hg’s CS nor in its isotopic composition (IC). To fill this gap, prescribed burning experiments were performed in two different localities of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, where samples of litter, soils and ashes were collected. IC was investigated by MC-ICP-MS and CS by GC-ICP-MS. IC results showed that during forest burning Hg isotopes did not fractionate sharply. Thus, Hg emissions to the atmosphere have an isotopic signature that correspond to a mixture of litter and soils’ isotopic signatures. For CS, it had been shown that forest leaves capture atmospheric methylmercury (MMHg), transferring it to the litter and consequently, to the soils, which cumulate this contaminant along the time. After burning, MMHg from litter can be lost completely whilst soils MMHg can be partially lost<br>O arsênio (As) e o mercúrio (Hg) são elementos tóxicos cuja presença no ambiente pode ter origem natural e/ou antrópica. Em ambos casos tanto a toxicidade quanto a dinâmica no ambiente são fortemente dependentes da forma/espécie química na qual se encontra o elemento. No Pantanal, estudos anteriores encontraram altas concentrações de As em lagoas alcalino-salinas e baixas concentrações em águas doces. Visando investigar as diferenças entre as lagoas, a origem e a especiação do As, coletaram-se amostras de águas, sedimentos e solos em lagoas distintas e em diferentes períodos. Os teores de As foram determinadas por ICP-MS e a especiação química (EQ) foi analisada por LC-ICP-MS. Observou-se que a espécie predominante foi o As(V), atribuindo-se a sua origem à três fatores: 1) o regime de cheias somado as altas taxas de evaporação; 2) O pH elevado das lagoas e 3) A presença de altos teores de Fe, Al e matéria orgânica. Na floresta Amazônica, por sua vez, observam-se elevadas emissões de Hg devidas às queimadas. Todavia, nenhum estudo investigou as mudanças que essas provocam na EQ ou na composição isotópica (CI) do Hg. Para sanar essa lacuna, efetuaram-se experimentos de queima programada em duas localidades na Amazônia Legal, nas quais amostras de liteira, solos e cinzas foram coletadas. Analisou-se a CI por MC-ICP-MS e a EQ por GC-ICP-MS. Os resultados da CI indicaram que durante as queimadas o Hg não se fraciona isotopicamente de maneira acentuada. Assim, estimou-se que as emissões de Hg possuem uma assinatura isotópica que corresponde a uma mistura das assinaturas da liteira e dos solos. Para a EQ, observou-se que as folhas captam o metilmercúrio (MMHg) atmosférico e o depositam nos solos, que o acumulam com o tempo. Após a queimada, o MMHg da liteira pode ser majoritariamente perdido enquanto aquele encontrado nos solos pode ser apenas parcialmente perdido

A presente pesquisa, intitulada Agenciamentos de Visita: notações pictóricas na fotografia de ambientes domésticos, analisa os procedimentos de elaboração das séries fotográficas Agenciamentos de Visita para Estudos de Composição – natureza morta e Agenciamentos de Visita para Estudos de Composição – cena de gênero, abarcando as questões emergidas destas práticas. Neste contexto, as relações entre fotografia e pintura holandesa são investigadas, partindo de minha poética e articulando-a com a arte atual, a qual é referenciada pelo uso de cenas construídas para a realização das imagens. Concernente ao procedimento de trabalho, a prática de visitas veiculou a investigação do espaço da casa como reduto íntimo e como estúdio provisório.<br>The present research named Requests to Visit: pictorial notations in domestic space’s photography analyses the procedures of elaboration of the photography series Requests to visit for Composition Studies– still life and Requests to visit for Composition Studies - gender scenes, including the questions emerged from these practices. In this context, the relations between photography and Dutch painting are investigated, having as a starting point my poetic and articulating it with the recent art, which is alluded by the use of scenes made for the realization of the images. Concerning the working procedure, the visiting practice leaded to the investigation of the house’s space as being an intimate redoubt and a provisory studio.

Ambientes virtuais colaborativos de composição musical têm apresentado expressivo crescimento, acompanhando a tendência de disponibilização de serviços de apoio a atividades colaborativas na Internet. Tais plataformas fornecem um meio para que pessoas possam compartilhar uma experiência musical em conjunto remotamente. A atividade de composição musical, entretanto, é influenciada por diversos fatores subjetivos de origem pessoal, social e cultural; e encontrar pessoas com objetivos convergentes para colaborar em uma criação musical em conjunto têm se demonstrado como uma tarefa complexa e desgastante. Neste contexto, esta dissertação apresenta uma forma automatizada para aproximar pessoas com objetivos e preferências musicais compatíveis para colaborar entre si. Utilizando técnicas da área de sistemas de recomendação, este trabalho propõe uma abordagem híbrida de recomendação de parceiros – baseada em filtragem colaborativa e por conteúdo –, em ambientes colaborativos de composição musical. Ao longo deste trabalho, os principais conceitos e características da abordagem são apresentados, assim como um roteiro de sua implantação em um sistema real, o CODES – um ambiente de suporte à prototipação musical voltado à leigos.<br>Collaborative environments for musical composition have grown significantly lately, following the current tendency of providing services that support cooperative activities on the Internet. Such platforms provide a common way for people to share a musical experience remotely. However, the music composition activity is influenced by subjective factors of personal, social and cultural backgrounds. And the task of finding people with the same goals to collaborate with on a musical creation has been shown very complex and overwhelming. In this context, this dissertation explores an automated approach to approximate people with compatible objectives and musical preferences to compose together. Using techniques from the recommender systems’ area, it proposes a hybrid approach, based both on collaborative filtering and content-based recommendation, for recommending partners in collaborative environments for musical composition. Throughout this work, the key concepts, principles and characteristics of the approach are presented, as well as the details of its implementation in CODES, a real environment to support music creation by novices.

Orientador: Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T03:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_GustavoSpinaGaudenciode_D.pdf: 6860623 bytes, checksum: 3248bd8abd1d7065b4207a111916b9b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001<br>Resumo: O crescente aumento da deposição de lixo plástico, sobre a superfície terrestre, tem levado renomados pesquisadores mundiais a desenvolverem novos produtos e métodos para preservar o meio ambiente sem prejuízo da crescente demanda destes materiais. Dentre algumas boas alternativas, como incineração, reciclagem e pirólise, a produção de polímeros ambientalmente degradáveis (EDP?s) a partir de fontes renováveis é uma delas, com destaque para o amido, um dos melhores devido a sua fácil obtenção e baixo custo. Porém possui pobres propriedades mecânicas para sua aplicação pura. Por outro lado, o PEBD, um dos polímeros sintéticos mais usados no mundo, não se degradada por várias décadas na natureza, mas destaca-se pela fácil obtenção e baixo custo. Assim a adição do amido ao PEBD constitui-se em uma alternativa viável de se induzir a biodegradação do último. As amostras de PEBD/Amido foram processadas em extrusora mono rosca, em três proporções diferentes, e usadas para obter corpos de prova para os ensaios de tração e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Após as caracterizações mecânicas, morfológicas e térmicas, decidiu-se observar a degradação ambiental através do enterro das amostras em solo de acordo com as normas ASTM. Os resultados indicaram que o acréscimo de amido à matriz olefínica causou diminuição das propriedades mecânicas dos produtos, quando comparados ao PEBD puro, bem como as amostras de PEBD/Amido natural apresentaram menor resistência mecânica frente às amostras de PEBD/Amido acetilado. Em relação à biodegradação, até 5 meses após o enterro das amostras não houve nenhuma alteração significativa<br>Abstract: The large amount of plastic waste in the environment has stimulated several important researchers to develop new products and processes that preserve the environment without blocking the growing consumption of these materials. Among several good alternatives as incineration, recycling and pyrolysis, the production of environmentally degradable polymers (EDPs) from renewable sources is one of them. From these, starch is one of the best alternatives due its easy acquisition and low cost. However, it presents very poor mechanical properties to be used like it is. On the other hand, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) does not degrade in the environment for several decades, in spite of its low cost and easy acquisition. This way, the addition of starch in the LDPE induces biodegradation in the products. The samples of LDPE/Starch were processed in a single screw extruder in three different proportions; afterwards they were used to prepare the tensile specimens and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) samples. Beside the mechanical, thermal and morphological tests, were decided to observe the environmental degradation by buring samples in the soil according to the ASTM norms. The results have indicated that the addition of starch in the LDPE was responsible for the decreasing of mechanical properties when compared to the pure LDPE, and samples of LDPE/natural Starch presented lower mechanical resistance when compared to the samples of LDPE/ Acetylated Starch. Regarding to the biodegradation assays, we could see that up to five months after the burial of the samples in the soil, there was no significant alteration in them<br>Doutorado<br>Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais<br>Mestre em Engenharia Química

Le colture da olio per biodiesel costituiscono una possibile risposta ai problemi ambientali, all esaurimento delle fonti tradizionali di energia (fonti fossili) ed alla dipendenza energetica nei confronti dei Paesi esportatori di petrolio. La presente ricerca è stata mirata a incrementare la conoscenza delle potenzialità delle specie attualmente considerate tra le più promettenti colture energetiche annuali per l ambiente Mediterraneo. Le colture oggetto di studio, sulle quali sono state valutate sia le potenzialità produttive che la qualità dell olio per la produzione di biodiesel al fine di valutarne l adattamento al clima locale e in vista di una possibile introduzione negli ordinamenti colturali siciliani, sono risultate le seguenti: (Brassica napus var. oleifera, Brassica carinata, Camelina sativa, lino e cartamo). Lo studio durante il corso di dottorato, è stato articolato in 2 linee di ricerca; la linea 1 ha riguardato una prova comparativa di cultivar diverse nell ambito delle seguenti specie: Brassica napus var. oleifera, Brassica carinata, Camelina sativa, Linum usitatissimum. La linea 2 ha riguardato una prova comparativa delle seguenti specie: Brassica napus var. oleifera, Brassica carinata, Camelina sativa, Linum usitatissimum e Carthamus tinctorius, con lo scopo di valutare le potenzialità produttive e qualitative e la qualità dell olio ai fine della trasformazione e produzione in biodiesel. Le prove sperimentali sono state condotte nel biennio 2010-2011 (Linea 1) in una località costiera della Sicilia Orientale, sita nella provincia di Ragusa (Ispica, 46 m s.l.m, 36°46' Lat N, 14°54' Long E) e nel biennio 2011-2012 (Linea 2) in una località sita nella provincia di Siracusa (Noto, 15 m s.l.m., Lat 36°49 Lat N, 15°05 Long E). I risultati, con riferimento alla prima linea di ricerca, hanno mostrato per le Brassicaceae dei risultati positivi in termini di produzione in media 4,64 t ha-1 per il colza, e in media 2,83 t ha-1 per la Brassica carinata. La Camelina sativa ha prodotto 1,51 t ha-1 . Il lino ha prodotto risposto bene, producendo in media 2,45 t ha-1 . Per quanto riguarda la seconda linea di ricerca, il lavoro ha dimostrato che tra le Brassicaceae, il colza rappresenti una valida coltura energetica per l ottenimento del biodiesel sia per gli alti livelli produttivi (in medie 3,65 t ha-1), per la qualità dell olio, che per l assenza della deiscenza delle silique alla raccolta. La Brassica carinata ha mostrato un buon adattamento e ottime caratteristiche produttive. Il lino e la camelina hanno confermato le produzioni del primo anno di ricerca, che incoraggiano un proseguimento della ricerca. Il cartamo ha prodotto in media 1,42 t ha-1 e ha dimostrato un ottimo adattamento alle condizioni pedo-climatiche locali. Dall analisi della composizione dell olio, è emerso che il colza e il cartamo hanno il maggior contenuto in acido oleico (rispettivamente 59% e 79,16%) rispetto le altre specie; inoltre, esaminando il rapporto acido oleico/acido linoleico, è emerso un valore alto, rispettivamente 2,95 e 6,96. Tale rapporto (oleico/linoleico), e un alta presenza di acidi grassi monoinsaturi sono indici di qualità, in quanto aumentano la stabilità ossidativa dell olio A tale riguardo, gli oli estratti dal colza e dal cartamo, risultano essere i migliori per trasformazioni in biodiesel. Per quanto riguarda le altre specie, Brassica carinata, lino e Camelina sativa, l olio non risulta ottimale per la trasformazione in biodisel poiché non soddisfa i requisiti previsti dalla norma UNI-EN 14214. Per tali specie deve essere studiata la possibilità di miscelare gli oli per la trasformazione in biodiesel. In conclusione, le specie studiate si adattano in maniera ottimale alle condizioni pedo-climatiche dell ambiente mediterraneo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laylla Nunes Moreira.pdf: 802578 bytes, checksum: fd67047fff81cbafb950861d17a27fd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-29<br>The following work was perfomed in a fragment of a seasonal semidecidual forest in Floresta Nacional de Pacotuba, located in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo. In the whole, 39 parcels of fixed area were delimited being 27 (10 x 30 meters) located on the edge and 12 (40 x 50 meters) inside the fragment. In order to get further information concerning communities located around and inside the florest fragment, all individuals with a diameter of equal or bigger than 5 cm above 1,30 m the soil, were sampled. Here are the main sampling results: 167 species were found on the edge and 314 inside, being 73 exclusive on the edge and 220 out of the 46 families sampled, the families Fabaceae (33), Myrtaceae (10), Moraceae and Sapindaceae (8) and the genus Trichilia, with 6 species, are the best represented in this area. On the other hand, of the 54 families sampled in the inner, the families Fabaceae (52), Myrtaceae (21) and Sapotaceae (17) and the genus Ocotea, containing 11 species, are the ones that stand out. The diversity rate of Shannon and equability of Pielou to the edge, are respectively 4,06 and 0,79 to the edge and 3,25 and 0,56 to the inner. The species Pseudopiptadenia contorta, Astronium graveolens, Astronium concinnum and Senefeldera verticillata, Actinostemon estrellensis, Anadenanthera peregrina show bigger rate of importance value (IVI%), respectively on the edge and inside the fragment. Both the edge and the inner have a pattern of diametric structure with a shape of inverted J". The vertical structure shows individuals varying from 2 to 49 meters in the edge and 2 to 55 meters in the inner. The analisis of floristic similarity, based on the rate of Sorensen, revealed a remarkable distinction between the species in the edge and inside the fragment, being possible also identify similar subgroup both on the edge and inside the area of the fragment. The species of initial succession compose the edge of the fragment, whereas in the inner are the late secundary. The micrometeorological parameters analised are different between the edge and the inner of the forest fragment<br>O presente trabalho foi realizado em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual da Floresta Nacional de Pacotuba, localizado em Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES. Ao todo foram demarcadas 39 parcelas de área fixa, das quais 27 (10 x 30 m) foram locadas na borda e 12 (40 x 50 m) no interior do fragmento. Para obtenção de informações relacionadas às comunidades localizadas na borda e no interior do fragmento florestal, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura de 1,30 m do solo maior ou igual a 5 cm. Como principais resultados da amostragem, foram encontradas 167 espécies na borda e 314 no interior, sendo 73 exclusivas para a borda e 220 para o interior. Das 46 famílias amostradas na borda, as famílias Fabaceae (33), Myrtaceae (10), Moraceae e Sapindaceae (8) e o gênero, Trichilia, com seis espécies, são os mais bem representados. Por outro lado, das 54 famílias amostradas no interior, as famílias Fabaceae (52), Myrtaceae (21) e Sapotaceae (17) e o gênero Ocotea, com onze espécies, são os que mais se destacam. O índice de diversidade de Shannon e equabilidade de Pielou para a borda são, respectivamente, 4,06 e 0,79 e para o interior, 3,23 e 0,56. As espécies Pseudopiptadenia contorta, Astronium graveolens, Astronium concinnum e Senefeldera verticillata, Actinostemon estrellensis, Anadenanthera peregrina apresentam maior índice de valor de importância (IVI%), respectivamente, na borda e no interior do fragmento. Tanto a borda quanto o interior têm um padrão de estrutura diamétrica no formato de J invertido. A estrutura vertical apresenta indivíduos variando de 2 a 49 metros na borda e de 2 a 55 metros no interior. A análise de similaridade florística, com base no índice de Sorensen, revelou uma notável distinção entre as espécies da borda e do interior do fragmento, podendo-se identificar também subgrupos similares tanto dentro da área de borda quanto no interior do fragmento. As espécies de sucessão inicial compõem a borda do fragmento, enquanto que no interior estão as secundárias tardias. Os parâmetros microclimáticos analisados são diferentes entre a borda e o interior do fragmento florestal

La robotique ambiante s'intéresse à l'introduction de robots mobiles au sein d'environnements actifs où ces derniers fournissent des fonctionnalités alternatives ou complémentaires à celles embarquées par les robots mobiles. Cette thèse étudie la mise en concurrence des fonctionnalités internes et externes aux robots, qu'elle pose comme un problème de sélection de services logiciels. La sélection de services consiste à choisir un service ou une combinaison de services parmi un ensemble de candidats capables de réaliser une tâche requise. Pour cela, elle doit prédire et évaluer la performance des candidats. Ces performances reposent sur des critères non-fonctionnels comme la durée d'exécution, le coût ou le bruit. Ce domaine applicatif a pour particularité de nécessiter une coordination étroite entre certaines de ses fonctionnalités. Cette coordination se traduit par l'échange de flots de données entre les fonctionnalités durant leurs exécutions. Les fonctionnalités productrices de ces flots sont modélisées comme des services continus. Cette nouvelle catégorie de services logiciels impose que les compositions de services soient hiérarchiques et introduit des contraintes supplémentaires pour la sélection de services. Cette thèse met en évidence la présence d'un important couplage non-fonctionnel entre les performances des instances de services de différents niveaux, même lorsque les flots de données sont unidirectionnels. L'approche proposée se concentre sur la prédiction de la performance d'une instance de haut-niveau sachant son organigramme à l'issue de la sélection. Un organigramme regroupe l'ensemble des instances de services sollicitées pour réaliser une tâche de haut-niveau. L'étude s'appuie sur un scénario impliquant la sélection d'un service de positionnement en vue de permettre le déplacement d'un robot vers une destination requise. Pour un organigramme considéré, la prédiction de performance d'une instance de haut-niveau de ce scénario introduit les exigences suivantes : elle doit (i)être contextuelle en tenant compte, par exemple, du chemin suivi pour atteindre la destination requise, (ii) prendre en charge le remplacement d'une instance de sous-service suite à un échec ou, par extension, de façon opportuniste. En conséquence, cette sélection de services est posée comme un problème de prise de décision séquentielle formalisé à l'aide de processus de décision markoviens à horizon fini. La dimensionnalité importante du contexte en comparaison à la fréquence des déplacements du robot rend inadaptées les méthodes consistant à apprendre directement une fonction de valeur ou une fonction de transition. L'approche proposée repose sur des modèles de dynamique locaux et exploite le chemin de déplacement calculé par un sous-service pour estimer en ligne les valeurs des organigrammes disponibles dans l'état courant. Cette estimation est effectuée par l'intermédiaire d'une méthode de fouille stochastique d'arbre, Upper Confidence bounds applied to Trees

Air pollution is an environmental challenge that has an important influence on the life of human beings. Therefore, the development, implementation, and evaluation of new statistical approaches will improve the numerical modeling of the spatial distribution of air pollutants and their socio-economic impact. Demography statistically evaluates the change in human populations over time (temporal models). Mortality is a factor that influences the human population, and its definition in the short, medium and long term is of utmost importance for government health and economic plans. Air pollution directly influences human mortality, and it should be incorporated into the structure of demographic mortality models. Air pollution data is collected from satellite information or ground-level monitoring, which needs statistical models to obtain pollution levels in places with no monitoring stations. Air pollution data description uses the aggregate form (mean values over a large geographical level) and the spatially-structured form (values at local territories). In addition, air pollution data could be statistically treated using both traditional and compositional approaches. This thesis assesses the addition of air pollution data using both forms of descriptions separately under both statistical treatment approaches on the useful demographic Farrington-Like model. For this purpose, a generalized linear modelling framework was proposed assuming that the human mortality data has a negative binomial distribution. The mortality data used both total and disaggregated forms. The disaggregation used three demographic aspects sex, age, and location. Air pollutants were modelled using Dynamic Linear Models (DLM) and spatially extended with Gaussian and Gaussian-Mattern Fields under traditional and compositional approaches. For instance, the spatial distribution of concentration of PM2.5 in wildfires event with a limited number of monitoring stations was featured with a Gaussian-Mattern Field; and the spatial distribution of concentrations of SO2, CO, O3, NO2, and PM2.5 was featured using a Gaussian Field. The results obtained in each stage of this doctoral thesis presented adequate quality-model indexes (NSE = 0.5, RMSE ˜0, and Pearson correlation coefficients ˜ 1)<br>La contaminación del aire es un desafío ambiental que tiene una influencia en la vida de los seres humanos. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo, implementación y evaluación de nuevos enfoques estadísticos mejorará el modelado numérico de la distribución espacial de los contaminantes del aire y su impacto socioeconómico. En el ámbito de la demografía, es común evaluar estadísticamente el cambio en las poblaciones humanas a lo largo del tiempo (modelos temporales). La mortalidad es un factor que influye en la población humana, y su definición en el corto, mediano y largo plazo es de suma importancia para los planes de salud y económicos del gobierno. La contaminación del aire influye directamente en la mortalidad humana y debe incorporarse a la estructura de los modelos demográficos de mortalidad. Los datos de contaminación del aire se recopilan a partir de información satelital o monitoreo a nivel del suelo que necesita modelos estadísticos para obtener los niveles de contaminación en lugares sin estaciones. La descripción de los datos de contaminación del aire se realiza de forma agregada (valores medios en una gran escala geográfica) y de forma espacialmente estructurada (territorios locales). Además, los datos de contaminación del aire se tratan estadísticamente utilizando enfoques tanto tradicionales como de composición. Esta tesis evalúa la adición de datos de contaminación del aire utilizando ambas formas de descripciones por separado bajo ambos enfoques de tratamiento estadístico en el modelo demográfico Farrington-Like. Para este propósito, se propuso un marco de modelado lineal generalizado asumiendo que los datos de mortalidad humana tienen una distribución binomial negativa. Los datos de mortalidad se usaron como totales y desagregados. La desagregación utilizó tres aspectos demográficos: sexo, edad y ubicación. Los contaminantes del aire se modelaron utilizando modelos lineales dinámicos (DLM) y se ampliaron espacialmente con los campos Gaussiano-Mattern y Gaussiano bajo enfoques tradicionales y de composición. Por ejemplo, la distribución espacial de la concentración de PM2.5 en un evento de incendios forestales con un número limitado de estaciones de monitoreo se presentó con un campo Gaussian-Mattern; y la distribución espacial de las concentraciones de SO2, CO, O3, NO2 y PM2.5 se presentó utilizando un campo gaussiano. Los resultados obtenidos en cada etapa de esta tesis doctoral presentaron índices de calidad de modelado adecuados (NSE = 0,5, RMSE ≈0 y coeficientes de correlación de Pearson ≈1).<br>Enginyeria ambiental

L'intelligence ambiante est un domaine hautement interdisciplinaire et implique de nombreux domaines de recherche. C'est pourquoi les avancées dans ce domaine sont conditionnées par l'interaction et l'intégration entre ces nombreuses disciplines. Ce manuscrit s'intéresse à la problématique de capitalisation des travaux existants, ainsi qu'à l'intégration dynamique de logiciels et d'appareils développés indépendamment les uns des autres. Nous proposons une intergiciel à services et une interface graphique utilisables et extensibles par les différents spécialistes. En étendant les approches à services et les principes du web sémantique, nous proposons une méthode de conception facilitant l'intégration dynamique et la composition de services. Cette méthode se base sur le concept nouveau d'usines à services: un service capable d'en instancier d'autres sur demande. Nous proposons aussi un langage de description pour ce langage<br>Ambient Intelligence is highly interdisciplinary and involves many research fields. Advances in Ambient Intelligence are conditioned by the proper interaction, capitalization and integration of ail disciplines. This manuscript tackles the problem of capitalization and dynamic integration of devices and software not initially designed to work together. We study how to adapt existing SOA concepts to make them useable for a wider audience. We create a service oriented middleware and a user interface that are usable and extensible by the various specialists. We introduce a design method that reuses concepts from SOA but insists on the practicability for non software-engineering specialists. . We introduce the concept of a "service factory" that emerges as a necessary construct from our analysis. We propose a language and a runtime execution environ ment for our method building on top of our SOA middleware

L'intelligence ambiante est un domaine hautement interdisciplinaire et implique de nombreux domaines de recherche. C'est pourquoi les avancées dans ce domaine sont conditionnées par l'interaction et l'intégration entre ces nombreuses disciplines. Ce manuscrit s'intéresse à la problématique de capitalisation des travaux existants, ainsi qu'à l'intégration dynamique de logiciels et d'appareils développés indépendamment les uns des autres. Nous proposons une intergiciel à services et une interface graphique utilisables et extensibles par les différents spécialistes. En étendant les approches à services et les principes du web sémantique, nous proposons une méthode de conception facilitant l'intégration dynamique et la composition de services. Cette méthode se base sur le concept nouveau d'usines à services : un service capable d'en instancier d'autres sur demande. Nous proposons aussi un langage de description pour ce langage.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Varronia curassavica is a Brazilian native medicinal plant, popularly known as “erva-beleeira”, that belong to the Cordiaceae family, and can be found in the coastal strip from the state of Ceará to the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the cultivation environment on the anatomical, physiological and essential oil characteristics of V. curassavica accessions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a split plot scheme, testing two cultivation environments (full sun and protected with 50% shade screen) in the plots, and five V. curassavica accessions (VCUR-101, VCUR-102, VCUR-201, VCUR -302 and VCUR-802) in the split plots, with three replications and three plants per replication. At 180 days of cultivation, foliar anatomy, chlorophyll a, b and, total, leaf area, dry weight of plants, and content, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil were evaluated. The thickest palisade parenchyma were registered in VCUR-102 (75.87 μm), in full sun environment, and VCUR-201, in both environments (75.87 and 54.75 μm). The thickest adaxial epidermis were found in the accessions VCUR-102 and VCUR-201 (21.15 and 13.60 μm), in full sun and protected environment with 50% shade screen, respectively. The accession VCUR-802 presented the largest leaf area (18.30 cm2) in the protected environment with 50% shade screen. The essential oil content of the accessions ranged from 1.33 to 3.9% in full sun environment, and from 1.4 to 3.3% in the protected environment with 50% shade screen. The essential oil yield of the accessions ranged from 0.26 to 0.87 mL.plant-1 in full sun environment, and from 0.34 to 0.53 mL.plant-1 in the protected environment with 50% shade screen. The highest contents of trans-caryophyllene (17.9%), α-humulene (5.11%), germacrene D (4.86%) and α-zingiberene (38.04%) were found in plants of accession VCUR-302 cultivated in protected environment with 50% shade screen. Cultivating V. curassavica for 180 days in full sun environment provided bigger development of leaf limb, palisade parenchyma and epidermis of the abaxial and adaxial face in almost all the tested accessions. In general, the full sun environment also favored the higher production of dry mass, and essential oil content and yield.<br>A Varronia curassavica é uma planta medicinal nativa do Brasil, conhecida popularmente como erva-baleeira, pertencente à família Cordiaceae, que pode ser encontrada na faixa litorânea que vai do Ceará ao Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do ambiente de cultivo nas características anatômicas, fisiológicas e no óleo essencial de acessos de V. curassavica. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, testando dois ambientes de cultivo (pleno sol e protegido com tela de sombreamento de 50%) nas parcelas, e cinco acessos de V. curassavica (VCUR-101, VCUR-102, VCUR-201, VCUR-302, e VCUR-802) nas subparcelas, com três repetições e três plantas por repetição. Aos 180 dias de cultivo foi avaliada a anatomia foliar, teores de clorofila a, b e total, área foliar, massa seca de plantas, teor, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial. As maiores espessuras do parênquima paliçádico foram registradas nos acessos VCUR-102 (75,87 μm) a pleno sol e VCUR-201 nos dois ambientes (75,87 e 54,75 μm). As maiores espessuras de epiderme adaxial foram encontradas nos acessos VCUR-102 e VCUR-201 (21,15 e 13,60 μm), nos ambientes pleno sol e protegido com tela de sombreamento de 50%, respectivamente. O acesso VCUR-802 apresentou a maior área foliar (18,30 cm2) no ambiente protegido com tela de sombreamento de 50%. O teor do óleo essencial dos acessos variou de 1,33 a 3,9% no ambiente pleno sol, e de 1,4 a 3,3% no ambiente protegido com tela de sombreamento de 50%. O rendimento do óleo essencial dos acessos variou de 0,26 a 0,87 mL.planta-1 no ambiente pleno sol, e de 0,34 a 0,53 mL.planta-1 no ambiente protegido com tela de sombreamento de 50%. Os maiores teores de trans-cariofileno (17,9%), α-humuleno (5,11%), germacreno D (4,86%) e α-zingibereno (38,04%) foram encontrados em plantas do acesso VCUR-302 cultivadas no ambiente protegido com tela de sombreamento de 50%. Cultivando V. curassavica por 180 dias em ambiente pleno sol proporcionou maior desenvolvimento do limbo foliar, do parênquima paliçádico e das epidermes da face abaxial e adaxial em quase todos os acessos testados. De modo geral, o ambiente pleno sol favoreceu a maior produção de massa seca, teor e rendimento de óleos essências.<br>São Cristóvão, SE

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GISLEINE SILVANA GASPAROTTO.pdf: 3955952 bytes, checksum: 2526dc79f7eac282fb4b34a48f512d01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-14<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Este trabalho insere-se no universo dos estudos de Língua Portuguesa e Ensino a Distância (EaD), e consiste na construção e estudo de uma Oficina Virtual de Redação. Nosso objetivo, a partir de um projeto pedagógico testado em circunstâncias reais, é oferecer espaço de reflexão e criação a fim de que os alunos consigam escrever, com competência e adequação, textos necessários às diversas situações concretas de comunicação, para bem desempenhar suas funções de cidadãos e de trabalhadores brasileiros. Mas em que medida uma Oficina Virtual de Redação pode contribuir para o aprimoramento da escrita de seus alunos? Fortalecer a relação do aluno com a Língua Portuguesa, sua capacidade de refletir, organizar e expressar opiniões? Interagir com ele de forma a envolvê-lo, motivá-lo e levá-lo ao aprendizado? Para realizar nosso intento, estudamos o conceito e as gerações de Ensino a Distância (Keegan e Rosa e Moreira); tecemos um painel atual sobre a exclusão digital, distribuição dos jovens pelo mundo e pelo país, acesso à informatização e ao mercado de trabalho (Pochmann); tratamos das novas demandas educacionais (Belloni, Trindade e Renner); investigamos abordagens por meio do computador (Valente), dinâmicas capazes de promover o aprendizado colaborativo (Palloff & Pratt), ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (Okada e Rocha), além de dois fatores indispensáveis à construção do conhecimento a distância, autonomia e interação (Belloni, Marquesi, Chrysos, Teixeira & Menezes e Leffa). Por fim, fizemos algumas reflexões sobre produção textual, estratégias e avaliação (Pécora, Osakabe, Siqueira, Fávero e Koch). Assim exposto, esperamos com nossa pesquisa contribuir para o aprimoramento da escrita dos alunos concluintes do ensino médio e pré-vestibulandos, e para os estudos de Língua Portuguesa e Ensino a Distância (EaD)<br>Este trabalho insere-se no universo dos estudos de Língua Portuguesa e Ensino a Distância (EaD), e consiste na construção e estudo de uma Oficina Virtual de Redação. Nosso objetivo, a partir de um projeto pedagógico testado em circunstâncias reais, é oferecer espaço de reflexão e criação a fim de que os alunos consigam escrever, com competência e adequação, textos necessários às diversas situações concretas de comunicação, para bem desempenhar suas funções de cidadãos e de trabalhadores brasileiros. Mas em que medida uma Oficina Virtual de Redação pode contribuir para o aprimoramento da escrita de seus alunos? Fortalecer a relação do aluno com a Língua Portuguesa, sua capacidade de refletir, organizar e expressar opiniões? Interagir com ele de forma a envolvê-lo, motivá-lo e levá-lo ao aprendizado? Para realizar nosso intento, estudamos o conceito e as gerações de Ensino a Distância (Keegan e Rosa e Moreira); tecemos um painel atual sobre a exclusão digital, distribuição dos jovens pelo mundo e pelo país, acesso à informatização e ao mercado de trabalho (Pochmann); tratamos das novas demandas educacionais (Belloni, Trindade e Renner); investigamos abordagens por meio do computador (Valente), dinâmicas capazes de promover o aprendizado colaborativo (Palloff & Pratt), ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (Okada e Rocha), além de dois fatores indispensáveis à construção do conhecimento a distância, autonomia e interação (Belloni, Marquesi, Chrysos, Teixeira & Menezes e Leffa). Por fim, fizemos algumas reflexões sobre produção textual, estratégias e avaliação (Pécora, Osakabe, Siqueira, Fávero e Koch). Assim exposto, esperamos com nossa pesquisa contribuir para o aprimoramento da escrita dos alunos concluintes do ensino médio e pré-vestibulandos, e para os estudos de Língua Portuguesa e Ensino a Distância (EaD)

A Web Semântica é uma maneira de explorar a associação de significados explícitos aos conteúdos de documentos presentes na Web, para que esses possam ser processados diretamente ou indiretamente por máquinas. Para possibilitar esse processamento, os computadores necessitam ter acesso a coleções estruturadas de informações e a conjuntos de regras de inferência sobre esses conteúdos. O SWRL permite a combinação de regras e termos de ontologias (definidos por OWL) para aumentar a expressividade de ambos. Entretanto, conforme um conjunto de regras cresce, ele torna-se de difícil compreensão e sujeito a erros, especialmente quando mantido por mais de uma pessoa. Para que o SWRL se torne um verdadeiro padrão web, deverá ter a capacidade de lidar com grandes conjuntos de regras. Para encontrar soluções para este problema, primeiramente, foi realizado um levantamento sobre sistemas de regras de negócios, descobrindo os principais recursos e interfaces utilizados por eles, e então, com as descobertas, propusemos técnicas que usam novas representações visuais em uma aplicação web. Elas permitem detecção de erro, identificação de regras similares, agrupamento, visualização de regras e o reuso de átomos para novas regras. Estas técnicas estão implementadas no SWRL Editor, um plug-in open-source para o Web-Protégé (um editor de ontologias baseado na web) que utiliza ferramentas de colaboração para permitir que grupos de usuários possam não só ver e editar regras, mas também comentar e discutir sobre elas. Foram realizadas duas avaliações do SWRL Editor. A primeira avaliação foi um estudo de caso para duas ontologias da área biomédica (uma área onde regras SWRL são muito usadas) e a segunda uma comparação com os únicos três editores de regras SWRL encontrados na literatura. Nessa comparação foi mostrando que ele implementa mais recursos encontrados em sistemas de regras em geral<br>The Semantic Web is a way to associate explicitly meaning to the content of web documents to allow them to be processed directly by machines. To allow this processing, computers need to have access to structured collections of information and sets of rules to reason about these content. The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) allows the combination of rules and ontology terms, defined using the Web Ontology Language (OWL), to increase the expressiveness of both. However, as rule sets grow, they become difficult to understand and error prone, especially when used and maintained by more than one person. If SWRL is to become a true web standard, it has to be able to handle big rule sets. To find answers to this problem, we first surveyed business rule systems and found the key features and interfaces they used and then, based on our finds, we proposed techniques and tools that use new visual representations to edit rules in a web application. They allow error detection, rule similarity analysis, rule clustering visualization and atom reuse between rules. These tools are implemented in the SWRL Editor, an open source plug-in for Web-Protégé (a web-based ontology editor) that leverages Web-Protégés collaborative tools to allow groups of users to not only view and edit rules but also comment and discuss about them. We have done two evaluations of the SWRL Editor. The first one was a case study of two ontologies from the biomedical domain, the second was a comparison with the SWRL editors available in the literature, there are only three. In this comparison, it has been shown that the SWRL Editor implements more of the key resources found on general rule systems than the other three editors

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Roberto Baluz Almeida.pdf: 871522 bytes, checksum: 977790536a9b751306209d20d7242a1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-17<br>The ICS (Intelligent Commerce System), a developing project of the Intelligent Systems Lab (LSI) at Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), under Prof. Dr. Sofiane Labidi´s supervision, is a project that has the objective of develop an Electronic Commerce System, in the B2B (Business to Business) category, effectively intelligent. It is based in the technology of intelligent mobile agents and has five phases in its life cycle: User Modeling, Matchmaking, Negotiation, Contract Formation and Contract Fulfillment. The Matchmaking is the process in which agents that represent traders (buyers and sellers), that are interested in the exchange of economic values, are put in touch with their potential business counterparts. The enrichment of the matchmaking process is the main focus of this work. Nowadays in the ICS, the matchmaking process only matches simple services. Our contribution is to enrich the actual matchmaking process allowing the composition of services, that is, simple services can add its capacities and form complex services with the goal to return a greater number of positive responses. To do this, we use ontologies allied to AI planning techniques to provide the discovery of complementary services and the posterior composition of them to elaborate more complex services.<br>O ICS (Intelligent Commerce System), projeto atualmente em desenvolvimento no Laboratório de Sistemas Inteligentes (LSI) na Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Sofiane Labidi, é um projeto que tem como objetivo desenvolver um Sistema de Comércio Eletrônico, na categoria B2B, efetivamente Inteligente. Ele é baseado na tecnologia de agentes móveis inteligentes e possui cinco fases no seu ciclo de vida: Modelagem do Usuário, Matchmaking, Negociação, Formação de Contrato e Cumprimento do Contrato. O Matchmaking é o processo no qual agentes representando negociantes (compradores e vendedores), que possuem interesse na troca de valores econômicos, são colocados em contato com seus potenciais parceiros de negócios. O enriquecimento do processo de matchmaking é o foco principal deste trabalho. Atualmente no ICS o processo de matchmaking somente emparceira serviços simples. Nossa contribuição é enriquecer o processo de matching atualmente em uso no ICS permitindo a composição de serviços, ou seja, serviços simples somam suas capacidades e formam serviços complexos com a finalidade de retornar maior número de respostas positivas. Para isso utilizamos ontologias aliadas às técnicas de planejamento automático para proporcionar a descoberta de serviços complementares e posterior composição dos mesmos para elaboração de serviços mais complexos.

As invasões biológicas são consideradas a segunda maior causa de perda de biodiversidade, pois podem causar diversos impactos ecológicos. Recentemente foi chamado à atenção um novo mecanismo pelo qual espécies invasoras podem afetar as nativas: através da interferência no nicho acústico. O mascaramento dos sinais a partir de fontes de ruídos pode afetar diretamente a fisiologia reprodutiva ou o consumo de energia. A vocalização está diretamente ligada com a seleção sexual em anfíbios, aves, insetos e muitos mamíferos, de maneira que a presença de novas fontes sonoras no ambiente pode afetar a aptidão das espécies. Uma das piores invasoras do mundo, a rã-touro Lithobates catesbeianus, nativa dos EUA, Canadá e México, está distribuída em mais de 40 países, e em pelo menos 130 municípios brasileiros. A rã-touro possui uma vocalização de amplo espectro de frequências, diferente do que é encontrado nas espécies nativas brasileiras. Seus cantos têm frequência dominante baixa, grande propagação e pouca degradação e atenuação no ambiente. A presença do canto da espécie pode causar alteração nos parâmetros dos cantos de uma espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica brasileira. Entretanto, não é sabido se outras espécies também podem ser afetadas e se a introdução da rã-touro é capaz de afetar o comportamento acústico das comunidades nativas. Neste estudo, nós avaliamos os efeitos da invasão de L. catesbeianus sobre o nicho acústico das espécies nativas, usando duas perspectivas, no nível de indivíduos e de comunidades. No Capítulo I nós avaliamos se o estímulo acústico da rã-touro pode alterar parâmetros temporais e espectrais dos cantos de espécies nativas com e sem sobreposição espectral com a espécie invasora. Nós testamos a hipótese de que espécies com sobreposição de frequências com a invasora apresentam mudanças maiores nos parâmetros de vocalização do que espécies que estejam fora desse espectro. Para isso realizamos um experimento em campo, introduzindo a vocalização da espécie em área onde não existe registro da sua ocorrência. Nós utilizamos mais dois estímulos, um ruído branco e uma vocalização de uma espécie nativa, Rhinella icterica. Todas as espécies testadas foram expostas aos três estímulos, onde comparamos com a sua atividade de vocalização espontânea. Nossos resultados mostram efeito de todos os tipos de ruídos nos cantos, mas todas as espécies responderam com mudanças maiores nos parâmetros para os dois anuros do que para o ruído. É provável que esse resultado esteja relacionado ao fato de que ambas as espécies de anuros utilizados nos experimentos tenham a frequência dominante baixa. Entretanto, os resultados reforçam que a introdução de novos sons no ambiente tem potencial de modificar os cantos. No Capítulo II, nós testamos se existe diferença na diversidade funcional acústica em ambientes com e sem a presença de L. catesbeianus em áreas invadidas da Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil. Nós testamos a hipótese de que poças com a presença dos machos de rã-touro em atividade de vocalização e poças sem a presença dos mesmos apresentam distintos padrões de diversidade funcional acústica e composição funcional acústica mais homogênea. Para isso, nós utilizamos dados coletados em 15 pares de poças invadidas e não invadidas na Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil e realizamos análises de diversidade e composição funcional utilizando atributos acústicos. Nossos resultados mostram que a composição funcional foi mais homogênea nas poças invadidas do que nas poças não invadidas. Nessas poças, há uma seleção de frequências, onde predominantemente as espécies com frequências dominantes mais altas vocalizam. Ou seja, as espécies que não possuem sobreposição de frequência dominante com a rã-touro. Este estudo é um dos primeiros a testar efeitos da invasão do nicho acústico sobre as comunidades nativas. Ambientes nativos podem ser vulneráveis à introdução de espécies generalistas que produzem sinais de baixa frequência e grande amplitude. Assim, a eficiência de propagação dos sinais confere à rã-touro vantagem adaptativa na comunicação e reprodução, favorecendo o processo de estabelecimento e dispersão em detrimento das espécies nativas.<br>Biological Invasions are considered the second leading cause of biodiversity loss, because they may cause many ecological impacts. Recently, was called attention to a new mechanism by which invasive species can affect native species: through interference in the acoustic niche. The masking of signals from noise sources can directly affect reproductive physiology or energy consumption. Vocalization is directly connected with the sexual selection in amphibians, birds, insects, and many mammals, so that the presence of new sound sources in the environment can affect the fitness of the species. One of the worst invasive species of the world, the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, native from USA, Canada and Mexico, is distributed in over 40 countries around the world and, at least, 130 Brazilian municipalities. The bullfrog has a wide spectrum of frequencies vocalization, different from what is founded in Brazilian native species. Their calls have low dominant frequency, large propagation and little degradation and attenuation in the environment. The presence of the species’ call can cause changes in the parameters of the native species’ calls from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. However, it is not known if other species may also be affected and the introduction of bullfrogs can affect the acoustic behavior of the native communities. In this study, we evaluated the effects of L. catesbeianus invasion on the acoustic niche of native species, using two perspectives at the level of individuals and communities. In Chapter I we evaluate how the acoustic stimulus of bullfrogs can change temporal and spectral parameters of the native species’ calls with and without spectral overlap with invasive species. We tested the hypothesis that species with overlapping frequencies with the invading show greater change in vocalization parameters than species outside this spectrum. To make this we conducted a field experiment, introducing the vocalization of the invasion species in an area where there is no record of their occurrence. We used two stimuli, a white noise and calling of a native species, Rhinella icterica. All species tested were exposed to the three stimuli, which compared with its spontaneous vocalization activity. Our results show the effect of all kinds of noise at the calls, but all the species responded with large changes in the parameters for the two frogs than for noise. It is probable that this result is related to the fact that both species of frogs used in the experiments have low dominant frequency. However, the results reinforce the introduction of new sounds in the environment has the potential to modify the native calls. In Chapter II, we tested if exist differences in the acoustic functional diversity in environment with and without the presence of L. catesbeianus in invaded areas of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that the ponds with presence of bullfrog males in vocalization activity and ponds without their presence have distinct patterns of acoustic functional diversity and acoustic functional composition more homogeneous. For this, we used data collected from 15 pairs of ponds invaded and not invaded by bullfrog in the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil and realized analysis of diversity and functional composition using acoustic traits. Our results show that the functional composition was more homogeneous in ponds invaded than in ponds not invaded. In these ponds, there is a selection of frequencies, where predominantly the species that vocalize at highest frequencies are calling, that don´t have dominant frequency overlap with the bullfrog. This study is one of the first to test effects of acoustic niche invasion on native communities. Native environments may be vulnerable to the introduction of generalist species that produces low frequency and large amplitude signals. Therefore, signal propagation efficiency gives the bullfrog adaptive advantage in communication and reproduction, favoring the process of establishment and dispersion at the expense of native species.

Na região dos Andes Patagônicos entre os 41 a 44° S estão expostos amplos e contínuos afloramentos de rochas graníticas do segmento norte do Batólito Norte-Patagônico (BNP). Durante sua evolução a maior parte das rochas graníticas foram colocadas em rochas metamórficas, e outras partes foram colocadas em rochas vulcânicas do Jurássico-Berriasano, sedimentares e vulcânicas do Cretáceo Inferior, vulcânicas do Cretáceo Superior e sedimentares do Mioceno. Parte desta atividade magmática está associada à gênese de depósitos de minério. As rochas plutônicas expostas apresentam uma gradação desde dioritos até granitos e leucogranitos, apesar de que a área é largamente dominada por variedades intermediárias a ácidas. Determinações K-Ar permitiram identificar extensos e volumosos eventos plutônicos que descrevem duas faixas de orientação N-S durante o Cretáceo Inferior (ca. 120-100 Ma) e Mioceno (ca. 20-7 Ma), discretos durante o Jurássico Superior (ca. 155 Ma) e o Cretáceo Superior (ca. 95-70 Ma), restritos durante o Plioceno (ca. 5-3 Ma), e um provável evento plutônico no Eoceno (ca. 54-34 Ma), ao passo que experimentos Ar/Ar confirmam os eventos magmáticos do Cretáceo Inferior (ca. 126-100 Ma) e Mioceno (ca. 19-9 Ma). Determinações U-Pb convencionais indicam a provável perda e herança de Pb, apesar de confirmar os eventos magmáticos do Cretáceo Inferior (ca.129-114 Ma) e Mioceno (ca. 22-13 Ma). Além disso, as determinações U-Pb convencionais em zircões revelam a presença de rochas magmáticas pré-Andinas do Devoniano Inferior (ca. 400 Ma) provavelmente relacionadas com rochas do Maciço Norte-Patagônico. Determinações U-Pb SHRIMP em zircões indicam 110,0±9,6 Ma para um monzogranito e de 126,3±6,7 Ma para um piroxênio dioritio, 8,4±0,3 Ma para um tonalito e 13,26±0,19 Ma para um andesito porfirítico, e de 385,9±7,4 Ma para um corpo de microdiorito tectonizado. Estes dados indicam que o início da atividade plutônica é representada em ambos das faixas por pequenos corpos de colocação superficial, e a idade U-Pb SHRIMP do Devoniano confirma o evento magmático inferido das idades U-Pb convencionais. A distribuição de idades mostra um padrão complexo, mas, permite definir eventos magmáticos do Cretáceo, preferencialmente localizados, a E da Zona de Falha Liquiñe-Ofqui (ZFLO), do Mioceno no interior e a O desta estrutura, e do Plioceno no traço principal da ZFLO. A atividade plutônica do Mioceno, em direção a trincheira é diferente que o padrão definido para a região centro-norte dos Andes chilenos, onde é verificada a migração do arco magmático para a E com a conseqüente diminuição de idades neste sentido. Composições isotópicas de Sr e Nd mostram baixos e positivos teores de Nd com Sr entre -4 e +7 sugerindo que o BNP no segmento estudado, foi composto a partir de mistura de matérias do manto com fusão de crosta inferior, como é demonstrado pelos trabalhos anteriores, em áreas vizinhas. As composições isotópicas de Pb em feldspato, das mesmas amostras datadas por U-Pb convencional, variou com a idade, plútons com 206Pb/204Pb >18,62 são do Mioceno, enquanto que aqueles plútons com 206Pb/204Pb <18,57 são do Cretáceo, com uma relação inversa entre os plútons do Mioceno, o que é atribuído à variável interação com o embasamento metamórfico. Mineralizações de metais base com Au e Ag estão hospedadas em rochas vulcânicas do Cretáceo e limitadas à faixa magmática do Cretáceo Inferior e mineralizações de Au-As estão hospedadas no Microdiorito do Devoniano e em rochas metamórficas do Paleozóico e limitadas à faixa magmática do Mioceno. Além disso, em ambos as faixas, ocorrências de Cu-Mo são relatadas associadas com monzogranitos e tonalitios. Mineralizações de metais preciosos e de base no prospecto Las Juntas estão relacionados com alteração silíca-adularia e quartzo-sericita e deposição de pirita, esfalerita, galena com conteúdos de Ag e Bi, e calcopirita, e menor hematita, tetraedrite, arsenopirita, bornita e calcocita, em veios, vênulas, brechas e escassa disseminação. Os teores são variáveis, mas em veios mineralizados em Cu os teores podem atingir até 15% Cu, e em brechas mineralizadas em Cu-Pb-Zn os teores podem atingir até 32% Pb, 23% Zn e 0,28% Cu, com 1,4 para 1.300 ppm de Ag e 0,02 para 3,9 ppm de Au. Dados de inclusões fluidas indicam temperaturas de homogeneização variando entre 140 a 230º C, salinidades entre 3 a 6% em peso de NaCl equiv., e de deposição de metais base durante ebulição e mistura. Mineralizações de Au-As no prospecto Pichicolo estão relacionadas com alteração silíca e quartzo-sericita e deposição de arsenopirita e pirita, e menor pirrotita, calcopirita e bornita, em vênulas, stockwork e disseminação. Os teores variam entre 0,02 a 2,0 ppm de Au. Dados de inclusões fluidas indicam temperaturas de homogeneização entre 180 a 270º C, salinidades entre de 3 a 5% em peso de NaCl equiv., e deposição metálica durante ebulição e mistura. A mineralização, alteração e as características químicas e físicas de fluidos sugerem para ambos os prospectos características de epitermais de baixa sulfetação. O método Re-Os foi utilizado em molibdenitas hospedadas em plútons de monzogranito e tonalito para determinar a idade da mineralização de Cu-Mo. As idades obtidas (ca. 119 e 9,1 a 8,2 Ma) sugerem que a mineralização ocorreu em sistemas hidrotermais intimamente associada com os eventos magmáticos de Cretáceo Inferior e Mioceno, o que confirma a interpretação acerca da existência das faixas metalogéneticas polimetálicas do Cretáceo Inferior e aurífera do Mioceno propostas para a Cordilheira Norte-Patagônica. Biotita do monzogranito hospedeiro de mineralizaçao de Cu-Mo na aldeia Palena foi datada por Ar/Ar em 114,7 Ma, e outra datação, próxima da ocorrência, em 114,2 Ma. Biotita do tonalito hospedeiro da mineralização de Cu-Mo no estuário Reloncaví foi datada por Ar/Ar em 8,53 Ma, e outra datação, próxima da ocorrência, em 8,64 Ma. A proximidade e a superposição, dentro do erro analítico, entre as idades Ar/Ar em biotita, em ambas as áreas, sugerem que a alteração hidrotemal não foi estendida. Uma idade isocrônica Rb-Sr de 126±8 Ma obtida de rochas hidrotermalmente alteradas com mineralização polimetálica é interpretada como a idade do evento hidrotermal. Experimentos Ar/Ar em sericita hidrotemal de granulação muito fina com mineralização de Au-As mostra redistribuição de Ar por \'recoil\' e a idade integrada de 142±2 Ma sugere que a associação mineralização- magmatismo félsico do Jurássico não deve ser descartada. Composições isotópicas de Sr e Nd de rochas hospedeiras e ígneas associadas indicam que os magmas são principalmente derivados do manto com contaminação de crosta continental variável. Composições isotópicas de Pb em minerais de minério, rochas hospedeiras e ígneas associadas, em ambos os prospectos, se agrupam próximos da curva do orógeno no modelo da \'plumbotectonica\'. Em um diagrama 206Pb/204Pb-207Pb/204Pb, os minerais de minério e as rochas ígneas associados do prospecto Las Juntas são menos radiogênicos (206Pb/204Pb <18.6) que o prospecto Pichicolo (206Pb/204Pb >18.6). Este modelo é compatível com a idade absoluta cretácea da mineralização para Las Juntas e com a idade miocena assumida para Pichicolo. As tendências alongadas da composição de Pb nos minerais de minério indicam, principalmente, um modelo orogênico, sugerindo mistura variável de chumbo a partir de diferentes fontes, sobretudo de crosta superior.<br>In the Patagonian Andes region between 41 and 44° S extensive and continuous plutonic rocks of the North-Patagonian Batholith north segment are exposed. During their evolution most of the granitic rocks were emplaced in metamorphic rocks and other parts were emplaced in Late Jurassic-Berriasan volcanic rocks, Early Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks, Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks and Miocene sedimentary rocks. Part of this magmatic activity is associated with ore deposit genesis. The exposed plutonic rocks range mainly from diorites to granites and leucogranites, although the area is extensively dominated by intermediate to acid varieties. K-Ar determinations have allowed identification of extensive and voluminous plutonic events which describe two N-S oriented belts during the late Lower Cretaceous (ca. 120-100 Ma) and Miocene (ca. 20-7 Ma), discreet during the Upper Jurassic (ca. 155 Ma) and the Upper Cretaceous (ca. 95-70 Ma), restricted during the early Pliocene (ca. 5-3 Ma) and a probable plutonism in Eocene times (ca. 54-34 Ma), while Ar/Ar experiments confirm the late Lower Cretaceous (ca. 126-100 Ma) and Miocene (ca. 19-9 Ma) magmatic events. Conventional U-Pb determinations indicate the probable inheritance and loss of Pb, although they confirm the late Lower Cretaceous (ca. 129-114 Ma) and Miocene (ca. 22-13 Ma) magmatic events. In addition, the zircons conventional U-Pb determinations show the presence of pre-Andean Lower Devonian magmatic rocks (ca. 400 Ma) probably linked with rocks of the North- Patagonian Massif. Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP determinations indicate 110.0±9.6 Ma for a monzogranitic pluton and 126.3±6.7 Ma for a pyroxene dioritic stock, 8.4±0.3 Ma for a tonalitic pluton and 13.26±0.19 Ma for hornblende andesitic porphyry, and 385.9±7.4 Ma for a tectonized microdioritic body. These data indicate that the early plutonic activity is represented, in Mesozoic and Cenozoic belts, by basic to intermediate small bodies of shallow emplacement, and the SHRIMP U-Pb Devonian age confirms a magmatic event previously inferred by conventional U-Pb ages. The age distribution shows a complex pattern, which nevertheless allows, magmatic Cretaceous events to be located, preferably, to the E of the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone, magmatic Miocene events located in and to the W of this structure, and magmatic Pliocene events located in the main branch of the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone to be defined. The Miocene plutonic activity towards the trench is different to the defined pattern for the north-central Chilean Andes, where the magmatic arc migration to the E and the consequent age diminution in this same direction is verified. Nd and Sr isotopic compositions show low and positive Nd values together with Sr between -4 and +7 suggesting that the North-Patagonian Batholith in the studied segment, has been composed from mixing of mantle derived or mafic lithospheric material with melting of lower continental crust, as is shown by previous work in neighboring areas. The Pb isotopic compositions in feldspar, of the same dating samples by U-Pb conventional method, varied with the age, plutons with 206Pb/204Pb greater than 18.62 are Miocene, whereas those plutons with 206Pb/204Pb less than 18.57 are Cretaceous, with an inverse relation between Miocene plutons, which is attributed to varying interaction grade with the metamorphic basement. Metal base-mineralization with Au and Ag contains are hosted in Cretaceous volcanic rocks and restricted to the Lower Cretaceous magmatic belt and Au-As mineralization are hosted in Devonian microdiorite and Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and restricted to the Miocene magmatic belt. Also, in both belts Cu-Mo occurrences are reported in associated with monzogranites and tonalities, respectively. Metal base and precious mineralizations in the Las Juntas Prospect are related to silicicadularia and quartz-sericite alteration and deposition of pyrite, sphalerite, Ag-bearing and Bi-bearing galena, and chalcopyrite, and minor hematite, tetrahedrite, arsenopyrite, bornite and chalcocite, in vein, veinlets and minor breccia bodies, and scarce dissemination. Ore grades are variable, but in mineralized Cu-veins the values reach up 15% Cu, and in Pb-Zn-Cu breccias the values reach up 32% Pb, 23% Zn and 0.28% Cu, 1.4 to 1,300 ppm Ag and 0.02 to 3.9 ppm Au. Fluid inclusion data indicate homogenization temperatures varying between 140 to 230 ºC, salinities ranging from 3 to 6 weight % NaCl equivalent, and metal base deposition during boiling and mixing events. Asmineralizations with gold contain in the Pichicolo Prospect are related to silicic and quartz-sericite alterations and deposition of arsenopyrite and pyrite, and minor pyrrotite, chalcopyrite and bornite, in veinlets, stockwork and dissemination. Grades vary between 0.02 to 2.0 ppm Au. Fluid inclusion data indicate homogenization temperatures varying between 180 to 270 ºC, salinities ranging from 3 to 5 weight % NaCl equivalent, and metallic deposition during boiling and mixing events. The mineralization, alteration and the chemical and physical fluid characteristics suggest for both studied prospects epithermal low-sulphidation features. Re-Os method in molybdenites hosted in monzogranitic and tonalitic plutons have been used to determine timing of Cu-Mo mineralizations. The obtained ages (ca. 119 and 9.1 to 8.2 Ma) suggest that the mineralization occurred in hydrothermal systems closely associated with late Lower Cretaceous and Miocene plutonic events, which confirm the interpretation about the existence of Lower Cretaceous and Miocene metallogenic belts proposed for the North-Patagonian Cordillera. Biotite of the monzogranitic host rock directly related with the Palena village molybdenite mineralization was dated by Ar/Ar in 114.7 Ma, and near of the occurrence in 114.2 Ma. Biotite of the tonalite host rock directly related with the Reloncaví estuary molybdenite mineralization was dated by Ar/Ar in 8.53 Ma and near of the occurrence in 8.64 Ma. The proximity, and superposition within the analytical error, between the Ar/Ar biotite ages, in both areas, suggests non extended hydrothermal alteration. Rb-Sr isochron age of 126±8 Ma obtained from hydrothermally alterated rocks in a polymetallic prospect is interpreted as the age of the hydrothermal event. Ar/Ar step-heating experiments in hydrothermal very fine grain sericite from Au-As mineralization shown Ar-redistribution by recoil effect and the integrated age of 142±2 Ma suggest that the association mineralization-Jurassic volcanic felsic magmatism should not be discarded. Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the host and igneous-related mineralization rocks indicate that magmas are mainly mantle derived with variable little crustal contamination. Pb isotopic compositions of the ore minerals, host and igneous-related mineralization rocks in both prospect clusters near of the orogene curve within a plumbotectonic model. On 206Pb/204 versus 207Pb/204Pb plot, the ore minerals and the associated igneous units of the Las Juntas prospect are less radiogenic (206Pb/204Pb <18.6) that the Pichicolo prospect (206Pb/204Pb >18.6). This model is compatible with the absolute Cretaceous mineralization-age determined for the Las Juntas prospect and with the constraint Miocene mineralization-age for the Pichicolo prospect. The elongate trends of the ore minerals in the general clusters indicate mainly an orogenic model fit, suggesting variable mixing of lead from different sources, mainly from upper crust.

Aquesta tesi estudia com estimar la distribució de les variables regionalitzades l'espai mostral i l'escala de les quals admeten una estructura d'espai Euclidià. Apliquem el principi del treball en coordenades: triem una base ortonormal, fem estadística sobre les coordenades de les dades, i apliquem els output a la base per tal de recuperar un resultat en el mateix espai original. Aplicant-ho a les variables regionalitzades, obtenim una aproximació única consistent, que generalitza les conegudes propietats de les tècniques de kriging a diversos espais mostrals: dades reals, positives o composicionals (vectors de components positives amb suma constant) són tractades com casos particulars. D'aquesta manera, es generalitza la geostadística lineal, i s'ofereix solucions a coneguts problemes de la no-lineal, tot adaptant la mesura i els criteris de representativitat (i.e., mitjanes) a les dades tractades. L'estimador per a dades positives coincideix amb una mitjana geomètrica ponderada, equivalent a l'estimació de la mediana, sense cap dels problemes del clàssic kriging lognormal. El cas composicional ofereix solucions equivalents, però a més permet estimar vectors de probabilitat multinomial. Amb una aproximació bayesiana preliminar, el kriging de composicions esdevé també una alternativa consistent al kriging indicador. Aquesta tècnica s'empra per estimar funcions de probabilitat de variables qualsevol, malgrat que sovint ofereix estimacions negatives, cosa que s'evita amb l'alternativa proposada. La utilitat d'aquest conjunt de tècniques es comprova estudiant la contaminació per amoníac a una estació de control automàtic de la qualitat de l'aigua de la conca de la Tordera, i es conclou que només fent servir les tècniques proposades hom pot detectar en quins instants l'amoni es transforma en amoníac en una concentració superior a la legalment permesa.<br>This Thesis presents an estimation procedure for the distribution of regionalized variables with sample space and scale admitting an Euclidean structure. We apply the principle of working on coordinates: choose an orthonormal basis; do statistics on the coordinates of your observations on that basis; and, by applying the output to the basis, you will recover a result within the original space. Applying this procedure to regionalized variables, we obtain a unified, consistent method, with the same properties of classical linear kriging techniques, but valid for several sample spaces: real data, positive data and compositions (vectors of positive components summing up to a constant) are regarded as particular cases. In this way we generalize the linear kriging techniques, and offer a solution to several well-known problems of the non-linear ones, by adapting the measure of the space and the averaging criterion (the way means are computed) to the data. The obtained estimator for positive variables is a weighted geometric mean, equivalent to estimate the median, which has none of the drawback of classical lognormal kriging. For compositional data, equivalent results are obtained, but which also serve to treat multinomial probability vectors. By combining this with a preliminary Bayesian estimation, our kriging for compositions become also a valid alternative to indicator kriging, without its order-relation problems (i.e. the rather-usual negative estimates of some probabilities). These techniques are validated by studying the ammonia pollution hazard in an automatic water quality control station placed in a small Mediterranean river. Only the proposed techniques allow us to assess when the secondary pollution by ammonia exceeds the existing legal threshold.