Journal articles: 'Ambient composition'

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Belqasmi, Fatna, Roch Glitho, and Ericsson Dssouli. "Ambient network composition." IEEE Network 22, no. 4 (2008): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2008.4579765.

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Liu, Qianfu, Yuan Gao, Chao Wang, Yanyi Zeng, Jiajia Ni, and Zini Lai. "Effects of Ambient Microbiota on the Gut Microbiota of Macrobrachium rosenbergii." Water 14, no. 4 (2022): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040658.

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The gut microbiota (GM) compositions of aquatic animals are influenced by microorganisms in ambient water and sediment. However, the extent to which environmental microorganisms can affect shrimp GM composition is unknown. We analyzed the impact of water and sediment microorganisms on the GM of Macrobrachium rosenbergii at different growth stages. We collected water, sediment, and M. rosenbergii gut samples at the early, middle, and late stages of an M. rosenbergii culture and analyzed the microbiota composition. The shrimps’ body weight differed significantly between sampling stages. The shrimp GM composition differed significantly from that of the ambient water and sediment, and these differences were remarkably stronger than those between the shrimp GM at different sampling times and in different ponds. The proportion of sediment bacteria in the shrimp GM was approximately three times higher than that of water bacteria, which changed among ponds and over sampling time. These results provide important reference information for a deeper understanding of the impact of environmental microorganisms on the composition of shrimp GM. Moreover, the results also provide reference information for increasing the production of shrimp culture as well as ensuring a good health status of the culture.

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Wang, Xinning, Xingnan Ye, Jianmin Chen, et al. "Direct links between hygroscopicity and mixing state of ambient aerosols: estimating particle hygroscopicity from their single-particle mass spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 11 (2020): 6273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6273-2020.

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Abstract. Hygroscopicity plays crucial roles in determining aerosol optical properties and aging processes in the atmosphere. We investigated submicron aerosol hygroscopicity and composition by connecting an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) in series to a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), to characterize hygroscopicity and composition of ambient aerosols in Shanghai, China. The HTDMA–ATOFMS data suggested that particle types, including biomass burning, elemental carbon (EC), dust/ash, organic particles, cooking particles and sea salt, were shown to have distinct hygroscopicity distributions. Peak intensities in particle spectra were found to be nonlinearly correlated with hygroscopicity, and the correlations were variant with particle types. Based on the measured hygroscopicity–composition relations, we developed a statistical method to estimate ambient particle hygroscopicity just from their mass spectra. The method was applied to another ambient ATOFMS dataset sampled from 12 to 28 September 2012 in Shanghai. The estimated hygroscopicity suggested that ambient particles were present in three apparent hygroscopicity modes, whose growth factors peaked at 1.05, 1.42 and 1.60 (85 % relative humidity, RH). The estimated growth factor (GF) were divided into four bins as <1.1, 1.1–1.3, 1.3–1.5 and >1.5 to represent the nearly hydrophobic (NH), less-hygroscopic (LH), more-hygroscopic (MH) and sea salt (SS) modes. Number contributions of particle types to hygroscopicity modes showed consistent results with the HTDMA–ATOFMS experiment. Based on the combined information on particle composition, hygroscopicity, air mass back trajectories and ambient pollutant concentrations, we inferred that the NH, LH, MH and SS modes were characterized by primary organic aerosol (POA) ∕ EC, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) and salt compositions, respectively. The proposed method would provide additional information to the study of particle mixing states, source identification and visibility variation.

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Mohsen, Chahoud, and Stas Nora. "Thermal Energy Storage in Concrete for Domestic Heating." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 9, no. 3 (2022): 138–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10514731.

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Abstract The concrete composition influences significantly the total heat storage capacity of the systems using concrete as storage medium. In this work, we investigated the properties of concrete composition based on local materials in Syria in order to determine a suitable concrete composition for thermal energy storage. Eight concrete samples with various compositions were tested regarding their specific heat, density and volumetric storage capacity. The results showed that the optimum mixing ratio of concrete was 0.5 (water): 1(cement): 1.7 (sand): 3.9 (limestone). The volumetric heat capacity of this mixture was 2.2 J/cm3.K.  A heat storage unit has been manufactured using the above mentioned concrete mixture. The Charging and discharging behavior of this unit have been experimentally studied. The increase of the concrete temperature during the charging process slows down with increased temperature difference between the concrete and the ambient, whereas during the discharging process the concrete temperature decrease slows down with decreased temperature difference between the concrete and the ambient. Thus, the overall temperature working range of the unit shouldn't be more than 10 to 15 °C above the ambient temperature.

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Collingsworth, Paris D., Jason J. Van Tassell, John W. Olesik, and Elizabeth A. Marschall. "Effects of temperature and elemental concentration on the chemical composition of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) otoliths." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 7 (2010): 1187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-050.

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Otolith microchemistry studies assume that a relationship exists between the concentration of trace elements in the environment and otolith chemical composition. Although this assumption has been tested using marine and estuarine fish in controlled laboratory experiments, the relationships among temperature, ambient elemental concentration, and otolith chemical composition for freshwater species is not well documented. Here, juvenile yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ) were reared under different concentrations of four elements (Ba, Mg, Mn, and Sr) crossed with three temperatures (10 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C) to determine the interactive influence of ambient elemental concentrations and temperature on otolith chemical composition. Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca were significantly related to ambient elemental concentrations, but Mg:Ca and Mn:Ca were not. Although the relative influence of temperature was less than that of ambient elemental concentrations, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and Mn:Ca were all influenced by either water temperature or the interaction between temperature and elemental concentration, but the direction of the temperature effect differed for each element. Patterns in our partition coefficients are consistent with the idea that uptake of strontium facilitates uptake of barium. Overall, yellow perch otolith element composition was influenced primarily by ambient Sr and Ba concentrations, but temperature could potentially confound the results of otolith microchemistry studies.

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Manousakas, Manousos-Ioannis. "Special Issue Sources and Composition of Ambient Particulate Matter." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (2021): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040462.

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Tsai, Jiun-Horng, Lisa Tzu-Chi Chang, Yao-Sheng Huang, and Hung-Lung Chiang. "Particulate Composition Characteristics under Different Ambient Air Quality Conditions." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 61, no. 7 (2011): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.61.7.796.

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Lee, Ki-Ho, Su-Mi Kim, Kil-Seong Kim, and Chul-Goo Hu. "Chemical Mass Composition of Ambient Aerosol over Jeju City." Journal of Environmental Science International 29, no. 5 (2020): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2020.29.5.495.

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Jeng, Hueiwang Anna. "Chemical composition of ambient particulate matter and redox activity." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 169, no. 1-4 (2009): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1199-8.

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Stavropoulos, Thanos G., Dimitris Vrakas, and Ioannis Vlahavas. "A survey of service composition in ambient intelligence environments." Artificial Intelligence Review 40, no. 3 (2011): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10462-011-9283-1.

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Tsuchiya, Tomoaki, Jiro Senda, and Hajime Fujimoto. "204 Influence of Ambient Gas Composition on Spray Combustion." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2001.76 (2001): _2–7_—_2–8_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2001.76._2-7_.

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Wang, Hong, Lu Wang, Qiang Wang, et al. "Ambient Electrosynthesis of Ammonia: Electrode Porosity and Composition Engineering." Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 38 (2018): 12540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201805514.

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Wang, Hong, Lu Wang, Qiang Wang, et al. "Ambient Electrosynthesis of Ammonia: Electrode Porosity and Composition Engineering." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 38 (2018): 12360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201805514.

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Longo, Amelia F., David J. Vine, Laura E. King, et al. "Composition and oxidation state of sulfur in atmospheric particulate matter." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 21 (2016): 13389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13389-2016.

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Abstract. The chemical and physical speciation of atmospheric sulfur was investigated in ambient aerosol samples using a combination of sulfur near-edge x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (S-NEXFS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy. These techniques were used to determine the composition and oxidation state of sulfur in common primary emission sources and ambient particulate matter collected from the greater Atlanta area. Ambient particulate matter samples contained two oxidation states: S0 and S+VI. Ninety-five percent of the individual aerosol particles (> 1 µm) analyzed contain S0. Linear combination fitting revealed that S+VI in ambient aerosol was dominated by ammonium sulfate as well as metal sulfates. The finding of metal sulfates provides further evidence for acidic reactions that solubilize metals, such as iron, during atmospheric transport. Emission sources, including biomass burning, coal fly ash, gasoline, diesel, volcanic ash, and aerosolized Atlanta soil, and the commercially available bacterium Bacillus subtilis, contained only S+VI. A commercially available Azotobacter vinelandii sample contained approximately equal proportions of S0 and S+VI. S0 in individual aerosol particles most likely originates from primary emission sources, such as aerosolized bacteria or incomplete combustion.

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Santofimia, Maria J., Xavier del Toro, Felix J. Villanueva, Jesus Barba, Francisco Moya, and Juan Carlos Lopez. "A Rule-Based Approach to Automatic Service Composition." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 4, no. 1 (2012): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaci.2012010102.

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The incapability to foresee or react to all the events that take place in a specific environment supposes an important handicap for Ambient Intelligence systems, expected to be self-managed, proactive, and goal-driven. Endowing such systems with capabilities to understand and reason about context seems like a promising solution to overcome this hitch. Supported on the service-oriented paradigm, composing rather than combining services provides a reasonable mean to implement versatile systems. This paper describes how systems for Ambient Intelligence can be improved by combining automatic service composition and reasoning capabilities upon a distributed middleware framework.

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Kourtchev, I., S. J. Fuller, C. Giorio, et al. "Molecular composition of biogenic secondary organic aerosols using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry: comparing laboratory and field studies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 11 (2013): 29593–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-29593-2013.

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Abstract. Numerous laboratory experiments have been performed in an attempt to mimic atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, it is still unclear how close the aerosol particles generated in laboratory experiments resemble atmospheric SOA with respect to their detailed chemical composition. In this study, we generated SOA in a simulation chamber from the ozonolysis of α-pinene and a biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) mixture containing α- and β-pinene, Δ3-carene, and isoprene. The detailed molecular composition of laboratory-generated SOA was compared with that of background ambient aerosol collected at a boreal forest site (Hyytiälä, Finland) and an urban location (Cork, Ireland) using direct infusion nanoelectrospray ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Kendrick Mass Defect and Van Krevelen approaches were used to identify and compare compound classes and distributions of the detected species. The laboratory-generated SOA contained a distinguishable group of dimers that was not observed in the ambient samples. The presence of dimers was found to be less pronounced in the SOA from the VOC mixtures when compared to the one component precursor system. The elemental composition of the compounds identified in the monomeric region from the ozonolysis of both α-pinene and VOC mixtures represented the ambient organic composition of particles collected at the boreal forest site reasonably well, with about 70% of common molecular formulae. In contrast, large differences were found between the laboratory-generated BVOC samples and the ambient urban sample. To our knowledge this is the first direct comparison of molecular composition of laboratory-generated SOA from BVOC mixtures and ambient samples.

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Kourtchev, I., S. J. Fuller, C. Giorio, et al. "Molecular composition of biogenic secondary organic aerosols using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry: comparing laboratory and field studies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 4 (2014): 2155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2155-2014.

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Abstract. Numerous laboratory experiments have been performed in an attempt to mimic atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, it is still unclear how close the aerosol particles generated in laboratory experiments resemble atmospheric SOA with respect to their detailed chemical composition. In this study, we generated SOA in a simulation chamber from the ozonolysis of α-pinene and a biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) mixture containing α- and β-pinene, Δ3-carene, and isoprene. The detailed molecular composition of laboratory-generated SOA was compared with that of background ambient aerosol collected at a boreal forest site (Hyytiälä, Finland) and an urban location (Cork, Ireland) using direct infusion nanoelectrospray ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Kendrick mass defect and van Krevelen approaches were used to identify and compare compound classes and distributions of the detected species. The laboratory-generated SOA contained a distinguishable group of dimers that was not observed in the ambient samples. The presence of dimers was found to be less pronounced in the SOA from the BVOC mixtures when compared to the one component precursor system. The molecular composition of SOA from both the BVOC mixture and α-pinene represented the overall composition of the ambient sample from the boreal forest site reasonably well, with 72.3 ± 2.5% (n = 3) and 69.1 ± 3.0% (n = 3) common ions, respectively. In contrast, large differences were found between the laboratory-generated BVOC samples and the ambient urban sample. To our knowledge this is the first direct comparison of molecular composition of laboratory-generated SOA from BVOC mixtures and ambient samples.

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Ngoh, Newilah Gérard, Vepowo Cédric Kendine, and Hilaire Macaire Womeni. "Physicochemical and Mineral Composition of Dessert Banana Peduncle Juice during Conservation at Ambient Temperature." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 8 (2014): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2014.8.072014308.

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Jayamaha, J. H. T. Bandara, V. Jathushan, K. Vignarooban, G. Sashikesh, K. Velauthamurty, and M. A. K. L. Dissanayake. "Novel Gel-Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Secondary Batteries - An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Studies." Materials Science Forum 1053 (February 17, 2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-j882uu.

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Global lithium deposits have been consumed a lot because of the heavy usage of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in almost all portable electronic devices and in automobiles. Due to the very limited global lithium resources, the so-called ‘batteries beyond lithium-ion’ such as sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are becoming popular, particularly in the R&D level. One of the common problems in the commercial level production of SIBs is the synthesis of suitable electrolytes with sufficient ambient temperature ionic conductivities. In this work, a set of novel gel-polymer electrolytes (GPEs) based on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host polymer have been synthesized and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS), DC polarization and cyclic voltammetric (CV) techniques. The optimized PMMA-NaClO4-EC-DMC GPE composition (10:14:38:38 wt.%) showed an ambient temperature ionic conductivity of 8.4 mS cm-1. Ionic conductivity vs inverse temperature showed Arrhenius behavior with almost same activation energies of 0.16 eV for all the compositions studied. DC polarization test on SS/GPE/SS configuration showed that the best conducting composition is dominantly an ionic conductor (tion ~ 0.998) with negligible electronic conductivity, which is highly desirable to avoid short circuits within the cell. The CV test on best conducting composition revealed that the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of these GPEs is about 4 volts (- 2 to + 2 volts). This optimized composition with highest ambient temperature ionic conductivity and negligible electronic conductivity seems to be a promising candidate for practical applications in sodium-ion secondary batteries.

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Kavouras, Ilias G., and Marie-Cecile G. Chalbot. "Influence of ambient temperature on the heterogeneity of ambient fine particle chemical composition and disease prevalence." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 27, no. 1 (2016): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2016.1257704.

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Mohd Halim, Nurhaliana Shazwani, Mohamad Azrul Azizie Mohd Saed, Nik Ahmad Luqmanul Hakim Nik Abd Rashid, et al. "Dielectric Property of Epoxy Coating Deposited using Electrophoretic Deposition Suspension Synthesised under Ambient and Inert Atmospheres." Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engineering 24, no. 1 (2024): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.37934/armne.24.1.3545.

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This study investigates the implications of N-methylethanolamine (MEA) concentrations and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) suspension synthesised under ambient air atmosphere and inert nitrogen gas environment on the chemical composition and dielectric properties of epoxy coatings. Cationised epoxy resin suspensions were synthesised from the modification of commercially available diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy using different MEA concentrations under ambient air and inert nitrogen gas environments. The cationic DGEBA suspension was then used in the EPD process to deposit an epoxy coating on a galvanised iron sheet. After elevated temperature curing, the epoxy coatings were characterised by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The epoxy solution synthesised under the inert nitrogen gas environment produced an epoxy coating with a chemical composition identical to that of the as-received DGEBA functional groups. In contrast, the chemical composition of the epoxy coating synthesised under the ambient air environment displayed different chemical functional groups, suggesting a different chemical composition. For the ambient sample group, an increase in MEA concentration results in an increase in coating thickness and dielectric constant. In contrast, a similar change in the MEA level results in a decrease in epoxy thickness and dielectric constant.

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Adachi, Kouji, Yutaka Tobo, Makoto Koike, Gabriel Freitas, Paul Zieger, and Radovan Krejci. "Composition and mixing state of Arctic aerosol and cloud residual particles from long-term single-particle observations at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 21 (2022): 14421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14421-2022.

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Abstract. The Arctic region is sensitive to climate change and is warming faster than the global average. Aerosol particles change cloud properties by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice-nucleating particles, thus influencing the Arctic climate system. Therefore, understanding the aerosol particle properties in the Arctic is needed to interpret and simulate their influences on climate. In this study, we collected ambient aerosol particles using whole-air and PM10 inlets and residual particles of cloud droplets and ice crystals from Arctic low-level clouds (typically, all-liquid or mixed-phase clouds) using a counterflow virtual impactor inlet at the Zeppelin Observatory near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, within a time frame of 4 years. We measured the composition and mixing state of individual fine-mode particles in 239 samples using transmission electron microscopy. On the basis of their composition, the aerosol and cloud residual particles were classified as mineral dust, sea salt, K-bearing, sulfate, and carbonaceous particles. The number fraction of aerosol particles showed seasonal changes, with sulfate dominating in summer and sea salt increasing in winter. There was no measurable difference in the fractions between ambient aerosol and cloud residual particles collected at ambient temperatures above 0 ∘C. On the other hand, cloud residual samples collected at ambient temperatures below 0 ∘C had several times more sea salt and mineral dust particles and fewer sulfates than ambient aerosol samples, suggesting that sea spray and mineral dust particles may influence the formation of cloud particles in Arctic mixed-phase clouds. We also found that 43 % of mineral dust particles from cloud residual samples were mixed with sea salt, whereas only 18 % of mineral dust particles in ambient aerosol samples were mixed with sea salt. This study highlights the variety in aerosol compositions and mixing states that influence or are influenced by aerosol–cloud interactions in Arctic low-level clouds.

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Lim, Jeong Sik, Miyeon Park, Jinbok Lee, and Jeongsoon Lee. "Validation of spectroscopic gas analyzer accuracy using gravimetric standard gas mixtures: impact of background gas composition on CO2 quantitation by cavity ring-down spectroscopy." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 12 (2017): 4613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4613-2017.

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Abstract. The effect of background gas composition on the measurement of CO2 levels was investigated by wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectrometry (WS-CRDS) employing a spectral line centered at the R(1) of the (3 00 1)III ← (0 0 0) band. For this purpose, eight cylinders with various gas compositions were gravimetrically and volumetrically prepared within 2σ = 0.1 %, and these gas mixtures were introduced into the WS-CRDS analyzer calibrated against standards of ambient air composition. Depending on the gas composition, deviations between CRDS-determined and gravimetrically (or volumetrically) assigned CO2 concentrations ranged from −9.77 to 5.36 µmol mol−1, e.g., excess N2 exhibited a negative deviation, whereas excess Ar showed a positive one. The total pressure broadening coefficients (TPBCs) obtained from the composition of N2, O2, and Ar thoroughly corrected the deviations up to −0.5 to 0.6 µmol mol−1, while these values were −0.43 to 1.43 µmol mol−1 considering PBCs induced by only N2. The use of TPBC enhanced deviations to be corrected to ∼ 0.15 %. Furthermore, the above correction linearly shifted CRDS responses for a large extent of TPBCs ranging from 0.065 to 0.081 cm−1 atm−1. Thus, accurate measurements using optical intensity-based techniques such as WS-CRDS require TPBC-based instrument calibration or use standards prepared in the same background composition of ambient air.

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Li, Chaoran, Qianqian Liu, Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik, and Guangwen Zhou. "Tuning the surface composition of Cu3Au binary alloy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 6 (2020): 3379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp05729c.

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Using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, here we report the real-time monitoring of dynamic surface composition evolution of Cu3Au(100) in response to the imposed environmental stimuli.

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Temuujin, Jadambaa, Claus Ruescher, Amgalan Minjigmaa, Burenkhangai Darkhijav, Batmunkh Davaabal, and Bat Erdene Battsetseg. "Characterization of Effloresences of Ambient and Elevated Temperature Cured Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Type Concretes." Advanced Materials Research 1139 (July 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1139.25.

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Efflorescences formed on the surface of air (ambient) and elevated (70°C) temperatures cured high calcium fly ash based geopolymer type concretes have been characterized by the XRD, SEM-EDX and FTIR techniques. The mineralogical composition of the efflorescence depends on curing temperature. At ambient temperature the main phase of efflorescence consists of atmospheric carbonation product of sodium hydroxide such as thermonatrite (Na2(CO3)·H2O, PDF 8--448), while in the 70°C cured concrete it represents sodium calcium carbonates gaylussite (Na2Ca (CO3)2·5H2O, PDF 21-343). Mineralogical composition difference between the ambient and 70°C cured concrete’s efflolorescences is related to chemical reaction of alkaline liquid with fly ash constituents.

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Kamezaki, Kazuki, Takahisa Maeda, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Ayumi Tsukasaki, Shohei Murayama, and Naoki Kaneyasu. "Low blank sampling method for measurement of the nitrogen isotopic composition of atmospheric NOx." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (2024): e0298539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298539.

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The nitrogen isotopic composition of nitrogen oxide (NOx) is useful for estimating its sources and sinks. Several methods have been developed to convert atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) and/or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitrites and/or nitrates for collection. However, the collection efficiency and blanks are poorly evaluated for many collection methods. Here, we present a method for collecting ambient NOx (NO and NO2 simultaneously) with over 90% efficiency collection of NOx and low blank (approximately 0.5 μM) using a 3 wt% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 0.5 M sodium hydride (NaOH) solution. The 1σ uncertainty of the nitrogen isotopic composition was ± 1.2 ‰. The advantages of this method include its portability, simplicity, and the ability to collect the required amount of sample to analyze the nitrogen isotopic composition of ambient NOx in a short period of time. Using this method, we observed the nitrogen isotopic compositions of NOx at the Tsukuba and Yoyogi sites in Japan. The averaged δ15N(NOx) value and standard deviation (1σ) in the Yoyogi site was (−2.7 ± 1.8) ‰ and in the Tsukuba site was (−1.7 ± 0.9) ‰ during the sampling period. The main NOx source appears to be the vehicle exhaust in the two sites.

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Buzorius, G., A. Zelenyuk, F. Brechtel, and D. Imre. "Simultaneous determination of individual ambient particle size, hygroscopicity and composition." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 20 (2002): 35–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl014221.

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Savidis, Anthony, and Constantine Stephanidis. "Distributed interface bits: dynamic dialogue composition from ambient computing resources." Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 9, no. 3 (2004): 142–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-004-0327-2.

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Sega, Michela, Francesca Durbiano, Stefano Pavarelli, Francesca Romana Pennecchi, and Francesca Rolle. "Comparison of cavity ring-down spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the isotopic composition determination of CRMs of CO₂ in air." EPJ Web of Conferences 323 (2025): 09002. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202532309002.

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Gaseous Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) characterised for the isotopic composition of carbon dioxide (CO2) in air at ambient amount fraction are crucial for understanding the anthropogenic contribution to climate change. At INRiM, the Italian National Metrology Institute, the realization of gaseous mixtures, which are candidate CRMs of CO2 in air at ambient level and known isotopic composition, is ongoing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) are used to verify the mixtures for their isotopic composition, in terms of δ13C-CO2 in the range from +1.3 ‰ VPDB to -42 ‰ VPDB. In this work, a comparison between the performances of the two analytical techniques FTIR and CRDS used at INRiM to assign the isotopic composition to the prepared candidate CRMs is presented.

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Wu, Hongjun, Zhida Li, Deqiang Ji, et al. "Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material." RSC Advances 7, no. 14 (2017): 8467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25229j.

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Wangkahart, Sakkarin, Chaiyan Junsiri, Aphichat Srichat, et al. "CO2 Enrichment Alters the Phytochemical Composition of Centella asiatica: GC-MS Analysis." Horticulturae 11, no. 6 (2025): 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060692.

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Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is a medicinal herb containing valuable bioactive compounds widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and traditional medicine applications. This study investigated the effects of elevated CO2 levels (1000, 800, and 600 ppm compared to ambient ~420 ppm) on secondary metabolite composition in C. asiatica using GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extracts. Significant treatment effects (p < 0.001) were observed across nine identified compounds, with α-copaene showing the most pronounced response. At 1000 ppm CO2, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, including α-copaene (10.60%) and trans-caryophyllene (8.97%), reached their highest concentrations, representing 232% and 413% increases over ambient conditions, respectively. Germacrene D demonstrated optimal synthesis at 800 ppm (8.12%) while remaining undetectable under ambient conditions. In contrast, the diterpene neophytadiene (16.84%) and the oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide (11.27%) exhibited maximum concentrations under ambient conditions. Principal Component Analysis confirmed distinct metabolic profiles, with the first two components explaining 84.38% of the total variance. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships (r > 0.85, p < 0.001) between structurally related sesquiterpenes. These findings establish a foundation for optimizing cultivation conditions to enhance specific bioactive compound production in C. asiatica, with potential applications in pharmaceutical production systems targeting sesquiterpene-derived medicines. The research demonstrates that atmospheric CO2 modulation offers a promising strategy for targeted enhancement of secondary metabolite synthesis, though further investigation of molecular mechanisms and environmental interactions is necessary for commercial implementation.

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Mi, Zhongying, Weiguang Shi, Lifei Zhang, Sean Shieh, and Xi Liu. "Equation of State of a Natural Chromian Spinel at Ambient Temperature." Minerals 8, no. 12 (2018): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8120591.

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A natural chromian spinel with the composition (Mg0.48(3)Fe0.52(3))(Fe0.06(1)Al0.28(1)Cr0.66(2))2O4 was investigated up to 15 GPa via synchrotron X-ray diffraction with a diamond-anvil cell at room temperature. No phase transition was clearly observed up to the maximum experimental pressure. The pressure–volume data fitted to the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state yielded an isothermal bulk modulus ( K T 0 ) of 207(5) GPa and its first pressure derivative ( K T 0 ′ ) of 3.2(7), or K T 0 = 202(2) GPa with K T 0 ′ fixed as 4. With this new experimental result and the results on some natural chromian spinels in the literature, a simple algorithm describing the relation between the K T 0 and the compositions of the natural chromian spinels was proposed. To examine this algorithm further, more compression experiments should be performed on natural chromian spinels with different chemical compositions.

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Chung, S. K., S. J. Shin, A. A. Andriiko, and P. V. Rudenok. "Equilibrium phases in Mn–V–O system under ambient atmosphere." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 7 (1999): 2929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0391.

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The products obtained from MnO2–V2O5 mixtures at the ambient oxygen pressure and temperatures up to 900 °C were studied by means of thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction methods. The following phases were found to exist in equilibrium, depending on the composition: (I) Mn2O3–Mn2V2O7, (II) Mn2V2O7–MnV2O6, and (III) V2O5–solid solution of VO2 in MnV2O6. A phase diagram was obtained for the composition region III. The data are instructive for syntheses of manganese vanadates by thermal methods.

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34

Schwarz, Ulrich, Rodrigo Castillo, Aron Wosylus, et al. "Modulated vacancy ordering in SrGe6−x (x≈0.45)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 74, no. 1 (2019): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2018-0200.

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AbstractThe structural properties of modulated SrGe6−x (x≈0.45) were investigated by means of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction combined with quantum chemical calculations. The framework compound SrGe6−x adopts a defect variant of the EuGa2Ge4-type crystal structure. Samples of the binary compound with nominal compositions 0≤x≤0.5 were synthesized at pressures from 5 to 6 GPa and a temperature of typically 1400 K. The product reveals diffraction peaks of the EuGa2Ge4-type subcell plus additional reflections indicating an ordered superstructure. Detailed crystal structure analysis evidences the incommensurate nature of the superstructure and a modulation of the vacancy ordering in the germanium network. The computations have shown that the non-stoichiometric composition of the framework with its local defect organization affects the calculated charge of the strontium anions. Although the chemical composition is close to a charge-balanced situation, temperature-dependent resistivity measurements showed metal-type conductivity. At ambient pressure SrGe6−x decomposes exothermally and irreversibly at T=680(10) K into SrGe2 and germanium, indicating its metastable nature at ambient pressure.

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Bogacheva, A. M., O. B. Ponomareva, and Yu V. Kanaeva. "Development of interlaboratory comparison test samples and reference materials for the quality assurance of air composition measurements." Reference materials 14, no. 3-4 (2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20915/2077-1177-2018-14-3-4-43-50.

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Introduction. The article presents an approach to the development of interlaboratory comparison test samples and respective reference materials for use in the metrological assurance of measurements of hazardous substances in the ambient air. Materials and methods. Solid and liquid sorbents, as well as air filters were used in the experiments. Measurement methods comprised photometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results. An optimized algorithm for developing multi-purpose test samples that can be used for the metrological assurance of a large number of methods for analysing ambient air is presented. Discussion and conclusions. The described approach has been used to develop test samples for laboratory proficiency testing and respective reference materials, which can be used in the certification of procedures for analysing ambient air quality, calibration of measurement instruments, as well as in the internal and external quality control of results obtained during ambient air quality measurements.

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Baldassarre, Laura, Adam M. Reitzel, and Sebastian Fraune. "Genotype–environment interactions determine microbiota plasticity in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis." PLOS Biology 21, no. 1 (2023): e3001726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001726.

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Most multicellular organisms harbor microbial colonizers that provide various benefits to their hosts. Although these microbial communities may be host species- or even genotype-specific, the associated bacterial communities can respond plastically to environmental changes. In this study, we estimated the relative contribution of environment and host genotype to bacterial community composition in Nematostella vectensis, an estuarine cnidarian. We sampled N. vectensis polyps from 5 different populations along a north–south gradient on the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. In addition, we sampled 3 populations at 3 different times of the year. While half of the polyps were immediately analyzed for their bacterial composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the remaining polyps were cultured under laboratory conditions for 1 month. Bacterial community comparison analyses revealed that laboratory maintenance reduced bacterial diversity by 4-fold, but maintained a population-specific bacterial colonization. Interestingly, the differences between bacterial communities correlated strongly with seasonal variations, especially with ambient water temperature. To decipher the contribution of both ambient temperature and host genotype to bacterial colonization, we generated 12 clonal lines from 6 different populations in order to maintain each genotype at 3 different temperatures for 3 months. The bacterial community composition of the same N. vectensis clone differed greatly between the 3 different temperatures, highlighting the contribution of ambient temperature to bacterial community composition. To a lesser extent, bacterial community composition varied between different genotypes under identical conditions, indicating the influence of host genotype. In addition, we identified a significant genotype x environment interaction determining microbiota plasticity in N. vectensis. From our results we can conclude that N. vectensis-associated bacterial communities respond plastically to changes in ambient temperature, with the association of different bacterial taxa depending in part on the host genotype. Future research will reveal how this genotype-specific microbiota plasticity affects the ability to cope with changing environmental conditions.

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YANG, YUTING, XING LI, ZHENHUI CAO, et al. "Effects of Different Ambient Temperatures on Caecal Microbial Composition in Broilers." Polish Journal of Microbiology 70, no. 1 (2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-001.

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Short-term or acute temperature stress affect the immune responses and alters the gut microbiota of broilers, but the influences of long-term temperature stress on stress biomarkers and the intestinal microbiota remains largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of three long-term ambient temperatures (high (HC), medium (MC), and low (LC) temperature groups) on the gene expression of broilers’ heat shock proteins (Hsps) and inflammation – related genes, as well as the caecal microbial composition. The results revealed that Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels in HC group significantly increased, and levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, IL-6, TNF-α, and NFKB1 in LC group were significantly higher than in MC group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the MC group, the proportion of Firmicutes increased in HC and LC groups, while that of Bacteroidetes decreased in LC group at phylum level (p < 0.05). At genus level, the proportion of Escherichia/Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides, and Enterococcus increased in HC group; the fraction of Faecalibacterium was higher in LC group; and the percentage of Barnesiella and Alistipes decreased in both HC and LC groups (p < 0.05). Functional analysis based on communities’ phylogenetic investigation revealed that the pathways involved in environmental information processing and metabolism were enriched in the HC group. Those involved in cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, and gene regulation were enriched in LC group. Hence, we conclude that the long-term temperature stress can greatly alter the intestinal microbial communities in broilers and may further affect the host’s immunity and health.

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Qian, Kun, Xudong Ma, Xianzhong Dai, and Fang Fang. "Flexible ambient service discovery and composition for component-based robotic system." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments 4, no. 6 (2012): 547–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ais-2012-0178.

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Lu, Mei Fang, Mei Chuan Huang, Kuang Hung Cheng, and Jim Jui Min Lin. "Size and Composition of Ambient Particulates in the Yueguangshan-Tunnel, Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2074.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of size distribution and chemical composition of ambient particulates inside a tunnel. Inside the tunnel, the average concentration of PM2.5and PM2.5-10was 479 and 444 μg/m3respectively. The average mass-size distribution showed a trimodal distribution (25-30, 4.0-5.0, and 2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM>10were 25%, 40%, and 35% of the total suspended particulates. Because of the poor air ventilation inside the tunnel, the particulates accumulate inside the tunnel. The dominated species of PM2.5were EC (average concentration 122.91 μg/m3, 25.78%), OC (47.68 μg/m3, 10.53%), SO42-(37.42 μg/m3, 8.24%), and NO3-(35.01 μg/m3, 7.95%), and were EC ( 131.77 μg/m3, 29.87%), OC (53.74 μg/m3, 12.15%), SO42-(31.35 μg/m3, 7.11%), and NO3-(28.10 μg/m3, 6.42%) for PM2.5-10. Results from this study showed that the concentrations of coarse particulate matter and several metals are apparently dominated by re-suspended matter rather than emissions from vehicles, e.g., Al, Ca, and Fe. Therefore, ambient particulate matter is caused by not only vehicle exhaust emission but also dusty roads and traffic-generated dust.

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Ehn, M., H. Junninen, T. Petäjä, et al. "Composition and temporal behavior of ambient ions in the boreal forest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 6 (2010): 14897–946. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-14897-2010.

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Abstract. A recently developed atmospheric pressure interface mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) measured the negative and positive ambient ion composition at a boreal forest site. As observed in previous studies, the negative ions were dominated by strong organic and inorganic acids (e.g. malonic, nitric and sulfuric acid), whereas the positive ions consisted of strong bases (e.g. alkyl pyridines and quinolines). Several new ions and clusters of ions were identified based on their exact masses, made possible by the high resolution, mass accuracy and sensitivity of the APi-TOF. Time series correlograms aided in peak identification and assigning the atomic compositions to molecules. Quantum chemical calculations of proton affinities and cluster stabilities were also used to confirm the plausibility of the assignments. Acids in the gas phase are predominantly formed by oxidation in the gas phase, and thus the concentrations are expected to vary strongly between day and night. This was also the case in this study, where the negative ions showed strong diurnal behavior, whereas the daily changes in the positive ions were considerably smaller. A special focus in this work was the changes in the ion distributions occurring during new particle formation events. We found that sulfuric acid, together with its clusters, dominated the negative ion spectrum during these events. The monomer (HSO4−) was the largest peak, together with the dimer (H2SO4·HSO4−) and trimer ((H2SO4)2·HSO4−). SO5− also tracked HSO4− at around 20% of the HSO4− concentration at all times. During the strongest events, also the tetramer and a cluster with the tetramer and ammonia were detected. Quantum chemical calculations predict that sulfuric acid clusters containing ammonia are much more stable when neutral, thus the detection of a single ion cluster implies that ammonia can be an important compound in the nucleation process. We also believe to have made the first observations of an organosulfate (glycolic acid sulfate) in the gas phase. This ion, and its cluster with sulfuric acid, correlates with the HSO4−, but peaks in the early afternoon, some hours later than HSO4− itself. A list of all identified ions is presented in the supplementary material, and also a list of all detected masses not yet identified.

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41

Bo, Yang, Zhu Jin-Rong, Yang Yan-Nan, Shen Zhong-Hua, Lu Jian, and Ni Xiao-Wu. "The relation between composition in laser absorption region and ambient pressure." Chinese Physics B 17, no. 1 (2008): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/17/1/035.

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42

Klems, Joseph P., Christopher A. Zordan, M. Ross Pennington, and Murray V. Johnston. "Chemical Composition of Ambient Nanoparticles on a Particle-by-Particle Basis." Analytical Chemistry 84, no. 5 (2012): 2253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac202868h.

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Vallius, M., N. A. H. Janssen, J. Heinrich, et al. "Sources and elemental composition of ambient PM2.5 in three European cities." Science of The Total Environment 337, no. 1-3 (2005): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.018.

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Philip, Sajeev, Randall V. Martin, Aaron van Donkelaar, et al. "Global Chemical Composition of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter for Exposure Assessment." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 22 (2014): 13060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es502965b.

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Santofimia, Maria J., Francisco Moya, Felix J. Villanueva, David Villa, and Juan C. Lopez. "An agent-based approach towards automatic service composition in ambient intelligence." Artificial Intelligence Review 29, no. 3-4 (2008): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10462-009-9145-2.

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VLEUGELS, G., B. FOBE, R. DEWOLFS, and R. VANGRIEKEN. "Surface composition alteration of bare and treated limestones after ambient exposure." Science of The Total Environment 151, no. 1 (1994): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90486-3.

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Terzi, Eleni, George Argyropoulos, Aikaterini Bougatioti, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Kostas Nikolaou, and Constantini Samara. "Chemical composition and mass closure of ambient PM10 at urban sites." Atmospheric Environment 44, no. 18 (2010): 2231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.019.

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Wellnitz, Todd, Matt Troia, and Megan Ring. "Does ambient substrate composition influence consumer diversity effects on algal removal?" Hydrobiologia 652, no. 1 (2010): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0312-x.

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Shiea, Christopher, Yeou-Lih Huang, Sy-Chyi Cheng, Yi-Lun Chen, and Jentaie Shiea. "Determination of elemental composition of metals using ambient organic mass spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 968 (May 2017): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.009.

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50

Ehn, M., H. Junninen, T. Petäjä, et al. "Composition and temporal behavior of ambient ions in the boreal forest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 17 (2010): 8513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8513-2010.

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Abstract. A recently developed atmospheric pressure interface mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) measured the negative and positive ambient ion composition at a boreal forest site. As observed in previous studies, the negative ions were dominated by strong organic and inorganic acids (e.g. malonic, nitric and sulfuric acid), whereas the positive ions consisted of strong bases (e.g. alkyl pyridines and quinolines). Several new ions and clusters of ions were identified based on their exact masses, made possible by the high resolution, mass accuracy and sensitivity of the APi-TOF. Time series correlograms aided in peak identification and assigning the atomic compositions to molecules. Quantum chemical calculations of proton affinities and cluster stabilities were also used to confirm the plausibility of the assignments. Acids in the gas phase are predominantly formed by oxidation in the gas phase, and thus the concentrations are expected to vary strongly between day and night. This was also the case in this study, where the negative ions showed strong diurnal behavior, whereas the daily changes in the positive ions were considerably smaller. A special focus in this work was the changes in the ion distributions occurring during new particle formation events. We found that sulfuric acid, together with its clusters, dominated the negative ion spectrum during these events. The monomer (HSO4−) was the largest peak, together with the dimer (H2SO4 · HSO4−) and trimer ((H2SO4)2 · HSO4−). SO5− also tracked HSO4− at around 20% of the HSO4− concentration at all times. During the strongest events, the tetramer and a cluster with the tetramer and ammonia were also detected. Quantum chemical calculations predict that sulfuric acid clusters containing ammonia are much more stable when neutral, thus the detection of a single ion cluster implies that ammonia can be an important compound in the nucleation process. We also believe to have made the first observations of an organosulfate (glycolic acid sulfate) in the gas phase. This ion, and its cluster with sulfuric acid, correlates with the HSO4−, but peaks in the early afternoon, some hours later than HSO4− itself. A list of all identified ions is presented in the supplementary material, and also a list of all detected masses not yet identified.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ambient composition'

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