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Hecking, Patrick C. "Energy Ambiguity and the Inductive Rail Oscillator." Physics Teacher 45, no. 7 (October 2007): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2783156.
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Petermann, Moritz Karl Herbert, and Hannes Zacher. "Development of a behavioral taxonomy of agility in the workplace." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 14, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 1383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-02-2021-0051.
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PurposeThe concept of workforce agility has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, defining it has sparked much discussion and ambiguity. Recognizing this ambiguity, this paper aims to inductively develop a behavioral taxonomy of workforce agility.Design/methodology/approachThe authors interviewed 36 experts in the field of agility and used concept mapping and the critical incident technique to create a behavioral taxonomy.FindingsThe authors identified a behavioral taxonomy consisting of ten dimensions: (1) accepting changes, (2) decision making, (3) creating transparency, (4) collaboration, (5) reflection, (6) user centricity, (7) iteration, (8) testing, (9) self-organization, and (10) learning.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors’ research contributes to the literature in that it offers an inductively developed behavioral taxonomy of workforce agility with ten dimensions. It further adds to the literature by tying the notion of workforce agility to the performance literature.Practical implicationsThe authors’ results suggest that it might be beneficial for companies to take all workforce agility dimensions into account when creating an agile culture, starting agile projects, integrating agility into hiring decisions or evaluating employee performance.Originality/valueThis paper uses an inductive approach to define workforce agility as a set of behavioral dimensions, integrating the scientific as well as the practitioner literature on agility.
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Watanabe, Satosi. "Inductive ambiguity and the limits of artificial intelligence." Computational Intelligence 3, no. 1 (February 1987): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1987.tb00217.x.
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Moneta, Giovanni B. "Ambiguity, inductive systems, and the modeling of subjective probability judgements." Philosophical Psychology 4, no. 2 (January 1991): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089108573030.
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Wang, Xi-Zhao, Ling-Cai Dong, and Jian-Hui Yan. "Maximum Ambiguity-Based Sample Selection in Fuzzy Decision Tree Induction." IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 24, no. 8 (August 2012): 1491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2011.67.
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Wolbers, Jeroen, Kees Boersma, and Peter Groenewegen. "Introducing a Fragmentation Perspective on Coordination in Crisis Management." Organization Studies 39, no. 11 (August 31, 2017): 1521–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840617717095.
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Coordination theories are characterized primarily by a focus on integration, in which coordination is aimed at achieving a coherent and unified set of actions. However, in the extreme settings in which fast-response organizations operate, achieving integration is often challenging. In this study we employ a fragmentation perspective to show that dealing with ambiguity and discontinuity is not only inevitable for these organizations, it is a key characteristic of coordinating. We undertook an inductive, qualitative field study on how officers in command from the fire department, medical services, and police coordinate during emergency response operations. Our data are based on a four-year multi-site field study of 40 emergency management exercises in the Netherlands, combined with 56 retrospective interviews. Our inductive analysis of this data shows that officers use three coordination practices to deal with ambiguity and discontinuity: working around procedures, delegating tasks, and demarcating expertise. We theorize our findings by showing how these practices lead to conditions in which fragmentation can become an effective method of coordination. In doing so, we provide a more complete understanding of the process of coordinating in fast-response settings that will benefit both crisis management practice and organizational theory.
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Corley, Kevin G., and Dennis A. Gioia. "Identity Ambiguity and Change in the Wake of a Corporate Spin-off." Administrative Science Quarterly 49, no. 2 (June 2004): 173–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4131471.
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We report on the findings of an inductive, interpretive case study of organizational identity change in the spin-off of a Fortune 100 company's top-performing organizational unit into an independent organization. We examined the processes by which the labels and meanings associated with the organization's identity underwent changes during and after the spin-off, as well as how the organization responded to these changes. The emergent model of identity change revolved around a collective state of identity ambiguity, the details of which provide insight into processes whereby organizational identity change can occur. Additionally, our findings revealed previously unreported aspects of organizational change, including organization members' collective experience of “change overload” and the presence of temporal identity discrepancies in the emergence of the identity ambiguity.
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MORDESON, JOHN N., TERRY D. CLARK, ADAM D. GRIESER, and MARK J. WIERMAN. "AN INDUCTIVE APPROACH TO DETERMINING CAUSALITY IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS: A FUZZY SET ALTERNATIVE." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 03, no. 02 (July 2007): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005707000719.
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Political science typically tests hypotheses by demonstrating correlations between variables. The most commonly employed method for doing so is regression analysis. The approach is essentially crisp, which carries with it a number of questionable assumptions about the data. Political phenomena such as democracy or stability often involve measuring the degree to which a particular observation demonstrates the qualities of the category. A fuzzy set approach better captures the inherent ambiguity in classifying our observations relative to such categories. However, the attempt to establish correlations between fuzzy sets in the social sciences has been plagued by the priority ranking issue. We illustrate the potential that Jeffrey's Rule has to overcome this difficulty.
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Sankey, Howard. "How Not to Know the Principle of Induction." International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 11, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105700-bja10020.
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Abstract In The Problems of Philosophy, Bertrand Russell presents a justification of induction based on a principle he refers to as “the principle of induction.” Owing to the ambiguity of the notion of probability, the principle of induction may be interpreted in two different ways. If interpreted in terms of the subjective interpretation of probability, the principle of induction may be known a priori to be true. But it is unclear how this should give us any confidence in our use of induction, since induction is applied to the external world outside our minds. If the principle is interpreted in light of the objective interpretation of induction, it cannot be known to be true a priori, since it applies to frequencies that occur in the world outside the mind, and these cannot be known without recourse to experience. Russell’s principle of induction therefore fails to provide a satisfactory justification of induction.
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Ustalov, Dmitry, Alexander Panchenko, Chris Biemann, and Simone Paolo Ponzetto. "Watset: Local-Global Graph Clustering with Applications in Sense and Frame Induction." Computational Linguistics 45, no. 3 (September 2019): 423–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00354.
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We present a detailed theoretical and computational analysis of the Watset meta-algorithm for fuzzy graph clustering, which has been found to be widely applicable in a variety of domains. This algorithm creates an intermediate representation of the input graph, which reflects the “ambiguity” of its nodes. Then, it uses hard clustering to discover clusters in this “disambiguated” intermediate graph. After outlining the approach and analyzing its computational complexity, we demonstrate that Watset shows competitive results in three applications: unsupervised synset induction from a synonymy graph, unsupervised semantic frame induction from dependency triples, and unsupervised semantic class induction from a distributional thesaurus. Our algorithm is generic and can also be applied to other networks of linguistic data.
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Xiao, Tao, Dong Mei Huang, Xu Zhou, and Ning Zhang. "Inducting Fuzzy Decision Tree Based on Discrete Attributes through Uncertainty Reduction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.1223.
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In this paper, we give a fuzzy decision tree (simply FDT) induction algorithm, named FDTAmbig, to handle the classification with discrete attributes through the uncertainty reduction. In FDTAmbig, the uncertainty is measured with classification ambiguity. FDTAmbig selects the attribute which will cause the further reduction of uncertainty as the expanded attribute for each decision node. The experimental result shows that FDTAmbig has the better generalization capability in comparison with the FDT induced with classification entropy (FDTEntr).
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Tamimi, Nancy. "Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards e-cigarettes among e-cigarette users and stop smoking advisors in South East England: a qualitative study." Primary Health Care Research & Development 19, no. 02 (August 4, 2017): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423617000445.
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Aim To explore how e-cigarettes are perceived by a group of e-cigarette users and a group of Stop Smoking Advisors (SSAs), what are the risks and benefits they associate with e-cigarettes and how do these understandings shape participants’ attitude towards e-cigarettes? Method Face-to-face and phone interviews were conducted with 15 e-cigarette users and 13 SSAs in South East England between 2014 and 2015. Transcribed data were analysed inductively through thematic analysis. Findings E-cigarettes were used as a therapeutic aid to stop or cut down smoking and as a smoking substitute. A prominent theme is the uncertainty e-cigarettes have generated. This included ambiguity of e-cigarettes’ status and efficacy, and ambiguity of e-cigarettes’ physical and social risks. Different attitudes towards e-cigarettes were identified. Conclusion E-cigarettes’ benefits and risks should be continuously evaluated, put into perspective and circulated to avoid ambiguity. Stop smoking services need to recognise the benefits that can be gained by using e-cigarettes as a harm reduction tool.
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Askew, Mark. "Military Government by Induction: American Strategic Ambiguity in the Military Government of Cuba, 1899." War in History 27, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344518757562.
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In the wake of the Spanish American War, the United States became a world power. How consciously the USA pursued global ambitions is the subject of intense scholarly debate. This article examines US strategic policy toward Cuba in 1899 and argues that the USA prioritized stability and left US commanders to infer via a process of experimentation the true strategic direction of US policy in Cuba.
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Nivin, Beth, Tholief O'Flaherty, Eric Leibert, Ben Yang Zhao, and Jeffrey Driscoll. "Sputum Induction Problems Identified Through Genetic Fingerprinting." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, no. 10 (October 2002): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501974.
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Objective:To identify the contamination source of a cluster of eight positiveMycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from one laboratory session.Methods:Spoligotyping was performed onM. tuberculosisisolates processed during one laboratory session. Laboratory and sputum induction protocols and records were reviewed. Sputum induction staff were interviewed. An environmental assessment of the sputum induction booth was performed.Results:Spoligotyping identified a unique strain of susceptibleM. tuberculosisfrom five induced sputa collected at Clinic A on the same day. Three specimens processed concurrently from other clinics had spoligotypes different from each other and from the cluster strain. A laboratory investigation revealed no procedural lapses. Sputum induction records from Clinic A indicated that patient 1 in the sputum induction booth had prior culture-confirmed tuberculosis. Patient 2 had a history of a drug-resistant strain. Patient 3 had completed tuberculosis treatment, with positive cultures 7 months earlier. Patients 4 and 5 were new to the clinic and had no subsequent positiveM. tuberculosisspecimens. The sputum induction booth was working within normal parameters. Sputum induction that day was overseen by a new employee with limited training and no supervision. A review of the sputum induction protocol identified ambiguity regarding care of the ultrasonic nebulizer between patients, which may have led to reuse of the discarded nebulizer solution from patient 1.Conclusions:A break in the sputum induction protocol may have contributed to contamination of patient specimens. Sputum induction is complicated, mandating adequate staff training and supervision and patient preparation. Spoligotyping identified a potential source ofM. tuberculosiscontamination.(Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:580-583).
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Bisson, M. A. Suzie, and Christopher R. Sears. "The effect of depressed mood on the interpretation of ambiguity, with and without negative mood induction." Cognition & Emotion 21, no. 3 (April 2007): 614–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930600750715.
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Mennes, Julie, Ted Pedersen, and Els Lefever. "Approaching terminological ambiguity in cross-disciplinary communication as a word sense induction task: a pilot study." Language Resources and Evaluation 53, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 889–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-019-09455-7.
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Gould, Anthony Morven, and Guillaume Desjardins. "Smart for whom? Cost ambiguity as corporate strategy in the 21st century telco sector." info 17, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-08-2014-0035.
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Purpose – This paper aims to expose techniques that telco vendors use for maximising revenue from their clients. Although the five-point strategy unearthed was based on the Canadian telco industry, it is interpreted as generic to the digital-age. Design/methodology/approach – Findings are based on focus groups with telco vendors and client perception data. Inductive reasoning is used to generalise findings to other distinctively digital-age industries. Findings – This paper finds five generic techniques that are used within the Canadian telecommunications (telco) industry to ensure that customers cannot control the cost of a smartphone. These techniques are described as an array of telco hybrid offerings, each with its own cost-structure and pricing strategy; the underestimation problem; devices are not geostationary; third-party agreements; and death-by-a-thousand-qualifications. Research limitations/implications – The research develops theory about modularity and platform technologies. Practical implications – Findings and insights have implications for strengthening consumer protection arrangements in the teleco industry, as well as other distinctively digital-age industries. Originality/value – This paper elaborates theory (particularly with respect to platform technologies and modularity). It interprets the flexibility that comes with modern technology as having a specific downside for consumers, namely, the removal of their capacity to control cost. As far as the authors have been able to ascertain, such an interpretation has not hitherto been presented. It is hoped that the classification of findings will become something of a public policy template for ensuring consumer protection.
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Brockhaus, Sebastian, Stan Fawcett, Wolfgang Kersten, and Michael Knemeyer. "A framework for benchmarking product sustainability efforts." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2014-0093.
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Purpose – Regulatory pressure, consumer awareness, and the quest for competitive advantage place sustainable products in today’s decision-making spotlight. The purpose of this paper is to explore supply chain dynamics as they relate to sustainable product programs and to empirically develop a framework to align efforts across the supply chain to bring sustainable products to market. Design/methodology/approach – Grounded in systems design, stakeholder theory, and the theory of planned behavior, the authors conduct an inductive empirical study of 28 European and US companies. Findings – The authors make three contributions. First, the authors identify six dimensions of product sustainability, which map to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol’s sustainability scope model. Second, the authors model relational dynamics using systems diagrams to provide a framework that: first, communicates a common understanding of product sustainability; and second, facilitates tradeoff analysis. Third, the authors elaborate behaviors needed to reduce ambiguity and compliance costs. Practical implications – Managers can use the framework to assess product sustainability and evaluate tradeoffs across product dimensions and supply chain participants. Using this insight, managers can design sustainable product programs that engage supply chain participants. Social implications – By identifying dimensions, defining costs, and uncovering tradeoffs, managers can more effectively implement sustainable product programs. Originality/value – The framework provides a much needed source of clarity to mitigate role ambiguity, reduce compliance costs, and promote collaborative behavior in bringing sustainable products to market.
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Sverdrup, Therese E., and Inger G. Stensaker. "Restoring trust in the context of strategic change." Strategic Organization 16, no. 4 (November 7, 2017): 401–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127017739843.
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The strategic change literature underscores the risk of loss of trust during change but does not address how trust can be restored once compromised. We conduct an inductive longitudinal study of an organization undergoing post-merger integration and examine how management worked to restore employee trust after a conflictual change process. We introduce the psychological contract perspective, which emphasizes relational explanations for loss of trust. We show that repairing trust can be conceptualized as a renegotiation of the psychological contract and develop a three-stage model of trust repair. In contrast to extant models of trust restoration, which emphasize diagnosis, explanation, penance, and reform, our model attends to relational dynamics that may emerge in the context of organizational change, with heightened uncertainty and ambiguity, and highlights the importance of restoring balance and renegotiating the contractual basis of the relationship.
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Boukra, Tahar, Abdesselam Lebaroud, and Guy Clerc. "Statistical and Neural-Network Approaches for the Classification of Induction Machine Faults Using the Ambiguity Plane Representation." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60, no. 9 (September 2013): 4034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2216242.
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Aaltonen, Kirsi, Nadezhda Gotcheva, Jaakko Kujala, and Karlos Artto. "Making sense of an innovation in a safety-critical megaproject." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 13, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 520–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-03-2019-0060.
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Purpose In megaprojects, changes in scope and organization may occur continuously. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how actors in a project network make sense of a safety-related process innovation introduced during the design phase. Design/methodology/approach An inductive single case study of an ongoing nuclear power plant project in Europe was employed to elucidate sensemaking processes using a narrative approach. Findings The empirical analysis yielded nine distinct narratives regarding the innovation each advancing a different account of the rationale for implementing the new method, and the subjects, objects and implications of the change. The findings suggest that actors’ differing framings of innovation may increase ambiguity and equivocality. Originality/value These insights augment existing knowledge of innovation management and system safety in safety-critical megaprojects by revealing project actors’ discrepant sensemaking processes with regard to innovations. To successfully manage sensemaking and its consequences for innovation adoption, managers need to take account of any such discrepancies in sensemaking processes.
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Paese, Paul C., and Steve Zinkgraf. "The Effect of Student Teaching on Teacher Efficacy and Teacher Stress." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 10, no. 3 (April 1991): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.10.3.307.
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This study was conducted to assess the level of stress and efficacy at the entry and exit of a traditional student-teaching experience in physical education. Significant positive changes during student teaching were illustrated on these stress variables: role ambiguity, role overload, role preparedness, and illness symptoms. No significant changes were made in personal teacher efficacy (PTE) and general teacher efficacy (GTE) during the course of the study. No significant relationships were found between the other dependent variables (gender, teaching level, prior field experiences) and stress/efficacy scores. Correlations were also reported between the majority of stress variables with personal teacher efficacy. Implications of the findings for student teachers and induction teachers are discussed.
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Kadri, Faisal L. "Are all observations measurements?" Kybernetes 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-11-2017-0450.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of soft science measurement of motivation under strict hard science criteria from observations of individual animals and to suggest the conditions under which an observation can be classified as a measurement. Design/methodology/approach The methodology starts from reconciling second-order cybernetics/radical constructivism (SOC/RC) understanding of the central role of the observer with physical measurements, which accepts the existence of a mind-independent reality. As a result of the reconciliation, parallels were identified between the SOC/RC experiences of as_is and as_if, on the one hand, and the measurement concepts of accuracy and resolution, on the other hand. The scales of physical measurement are defined by criteria of varying strictness, and the scales that meet the strict criterion of concatenation are generally considered hard science and lead to well-defined accuracy and precision. The similarity between SOC/RC and physical measurement suggests that if accuracy and precision can be computed from observations, then the observations can be classified as measurements in a strict hard science fashion; otherwise, the observations are just observations. Findings A nonlinear dynamic model of motivation is reintroduced as an example for reference in measurements of motivation. If there was an agreement on its use among observers (Ethologists), which in reality is not the case, then empirical data may be collected, and the averages and spreads of parameter estimations will define a reference for an animal species. Later, observers with their own data will calibrate with the reference model, so that new observers will have calculated values of accuracy and precision for their data. Research limitations/implications Unlike hard science whose scales of measurement are practically unambiguous, measuring the purpose of behaviour of an animal has inherent ambiguity according to the reintroduced model. The ambiguity cannot be resolved from instantaneous readings. The necessary existence of ambiguity renders the criticism of hard science invalid, that of expecting to measure motivation with a static scale as if it were temperature. Practical implications Human observers can be treated as measuring devices of motivation from observing behaviour. Each observer can have characteristic accuracy/precision, or validity/reliability, calculated from empirical data. Social implications This is an inductive, rather than deductive, study of individual animal behaviour; the author believes it is extensible to individual human behaviour and personality studies. However, group behaviour studies are beyond its scope. Originality/value The author believes that the suggestion of ambiguity of scales of animal motivation is original, and the suggested link between SOC/RC and a mainstream hard science is new.
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Di Marco, Antonio, and Roberto Navigli. "Clustering and Diversifying Web Search Results with Graph-Based Word Sense Induction." Computational Linguistics 39, no. 3 (September 2013): 709–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00148.
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Web search result clustering aims to facilitate information search on the Web. Rather than the results of a query being presented as a flat list, they are grouped on the basis of their similarity and subsequently shown to the user as a list of clusters. Each cluster is intended to represent a different meaning of the input query, thus taking into account the lexical ambiguity (i.e., polysemy) issue. Existing Web clustering methods typically rely on some shallow notion of textual similarity between search result snippets, however. As a result, text snippets with no word in common tend to be clustered separately even if they share the same meaning, whereas snippets with words in common may be grouped together even if they refer to different meanings of the input query. In this article we present a novel approach to Web search result clustering based on the automatic discovery of word senses from raw text, a task referred to as Word Sense Induction. Key to our approach is to first acquire the various senses (i.e., meanings) of an ambiguous query and then cluster the search results based on their semantic similarity to the word senses induced. Our experiments, conducted on data sets of ambiguous queries, show that our approach outperforms both Web clustering and search engines.
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Tang, Guoyu, Yunqing Xia, Erik Cambria, Peng Jin, and Thomas Fang Zheng. "Document Representation with Statistical Word Senses in Cross-Lingual Document Clustering." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 29, no. 02 (February 27, 2015): 1559003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800141559003x.
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Cross-lingual document clustering is the task of automatically organizing a large collection of multi-lingual documents into a few clusters, depending on their content or topic. It is well known that language barrier and translation ambiguity are two challenging issues for cross-lingual document representation. To this end, we propose to represent cross-lingual documents through statistical word senses, which are automatically discovered from a parallel corpus through a novel cross-lingual word sense induction model and a sense clustering method. In particular, the former consists in a sense-based vector space model and the latter leverages on a sense-based latent Dirichlet allocation. Evaluation on the benchmarking datasets shows that the proposed models outperform two state-of-the-art methods for cross-lingual document clustering.
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Sydorenko, Natalya. "The ambiguity of Panteleimon Kulish’s figure in the assessment of Ukrainian emigration." Obraz 3, no. 32 (2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2019.3(32)-21-29.
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The aim of the study is to identify the main characteristics of P. Kulish by the representatives of Ukrainian emigration in the twentieth century, focusing on aspects of the extraordinary personality in Ukrainian culture and literature. The object of the research is literary-critical and non-fiction (publicist) articles, as well as correspondence of some representatives of Ukrainian intellectual emigration (in particular Ye. Malaniuk, I. Kachurovsky, A. Zhyvotko, Yu. Коsach, Yu. Shevelov), which addressed their works to the figure and creativity of P. Kulish. Methods. According to the indexes and content of literary-critical and non-fiction works of certain critics, journalists, and scientists in the diaspora, the appeal to the name of P. Kulish is traced, as well as characterization of his personality in the Ukrainian press of the postwar period in the territory of Germany (in particular in the years of his 50th anniversary and 60th anniversary of death – 1947, 1957). Methods of analysis, induction and deduction, comparison, synthesis, and generalization made it possible to distinguish the main features of P. Kulish – the creator of the Ukrainian nation, a state-maker, a true European, a unique personality. Results and conclusions. The «integrity», «universality», «synthetics», «versatility» of P. Kulish still remains to be explored in some aspects. Many biographies, essays, articles were published in order to descry his creative, rebellious, and not always consistent nature, to reveal historical intuition, political foresight, ideas about independence and statehood of Ukraine, to understand innovative steps in literature, translation, language, historiosophy, to emphasize persistent publishing and editorial activities, etc. Both domestic and emigration researchers tried to convey the greatness of P. Kulish in the translations of his works, at the same time the Ukrainian public recognized the «living person», a prominent figure «in the gallery of the creators of our post-Shevchenko cultural and historical process». Therefore, they still have not lost their symbolic and critical coloration of the estimation and characteristics of P. Kulish, although not all of these works are known today in Ukraine. Key words: Panteleimon Kulish, Ukrainian emigration, literary-critical and non-fiction (publicistic) articles, creator of nation, European orientations.
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Danielsson, Louise, Birgitta Kihlbom, and Susanne Rosberg. "“Crawling Out of the Cocoon”: Patients' Experiences of a Physical Therapy Exercise Intervention in the Treatment of Major Depression." Physical Therapy 96, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150076.
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Abstract Background Although the effectiveness of physical exercise for depression has been studied for many years, few studies have described patients' experiences of what exercise means to them, beyond the biological focus. Moreover, exercise as a treatment for depression is rarely explored in a physical therapy context. Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore a physical therapy exercise intervention, as experienced by people with major depression. Design This study had an inductive approach and used qualitative content analysis. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 people who participated in physical therapist–guided aerobic exercise in a randomized controlled trial. All participants were diagnosed with major depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Data were collected and analyzed in an inductive manner using qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. Results Four categories emerged: (1) struggling toward a healthy self, (2) challenging the resistance, (3) feeling alive but not euphoric, and (4) needing someone to be there for you. The participants experienced that although the exercise intervention was hard work, it enhanced the feeling of being alive and made them feel that they were doing something good for themselves. These feelings were a welcome contrast to the numbness and stagnation they experienced during depression. Limitations The study was conducted in Swedish primary care. Transferability of results must be viewed in relation to context. Conclusions Exercise in a physical therapy context can improve the patients' perception of their physical ability and create a sense of liveliness, improving their depressed state. The therapeutic relationship is essential for supporting the patient's vulnerability and ambiguity in an empathic and perceptive way.
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Saleem, Mian Muhmmad, Ayaz Ahmad, and Sana Hussain. "The Construction of Factuality in Pakistan’s Legal Discourse: A Stylistic Analysis of Logical Fallacies." Review of Economics and Development Studies 5, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v5i2.630.
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Factuality remains the highest virtue of a legal text. The paper finds how this virtue is jeopardized by the presence of logical fallacies. The stylistics analysis is performed for identification of linguistic features of logical fallacies in legal language. Two randomly selected verdicts of the Supreme Court of Pakistan are selected for analysis. Analysis of verdicts reveals that factuality is compromised by fallacies with distinctive stylistic features. These features include the fallacies of relevance, defective induction and ambiguity. Lexical choices, syntactically complicated structure and graphological markers of style contribute to the formation of these fallacies. The findings establish that stylistic aspect themselves contribute to the projection of fallacies in verdicts, therefore, the study recommends avoiding stylistic formulae of the legalese or legal registers which lead to the formation of logical fallacies in the legal language.
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Tucker, Danielle A., Jane Hendy, and James Barlow. "The importance of role sending in the sensemaking of change agent roles." Journal of Health Organization and Management 29, no. 7 (November 16, 2015): 1047–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-12-2013-0279.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate what happens when a lack of role-sending results in ambiguous change agent roles during a large scale organisational reconfiguration. The authors consider the role of sensemaking in resolving role ambiguity of middle manager change agents and the consequences of this for organisational restructuring. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from a case study analysis of significant organisational reconfiguration across a local National Health Service Trust in the UK. Data consists of 82 interviews, complemented by analysis of over 100 documents and field notes from 51 hours of observations collected over five phases covering a three year period before, during and after the reconfiguration. An inductive qualitative analysis revealed the sensemaking processes by which ambiguity in role definition was resolved. Findings – The data explains how change agents collectively make sense of a role in their own way, drawing on their own experiences and views as well as cues from other organisational members. The authors also identified the organisational outcomes which resulted from this freedom in sensemaking. This study demonstrates that by leaving too much flexibility in the definition of the role, agents developed their own sensemaking which was subsequently very difficult to manipulate. Practical implications – In creating new roles, management first needs to have a realistic vision of the task and roles that their agents will perform, and second, to communicate these expectations to both those responsible for recruiting these roles and to the agents themselves. Originality/value – Much of the focus in sensemaking research has been on the importance of change agents’ sensemaking of the change but there has been little focus on how change agents sensemake their own role in the change.
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Garashko, Anna. "Correlation of norms of law and principles of law in the legal system: primacy of origin." Advances in Law Studies 8, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2020-8-4-6-10.
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The purpose of this article is to study the question of the primacy of the origin, in relation to each other, of the norms of law and the principles of law. The author comes to the conclusion about the ambiguity and inconsistency of their correlation in legal science, and offers his own approach, according to which the principles of law and norms of law, and, consequently, the regularities of their correlation, can be considered in two contexts: as theoretical abstract con-cepts, and as concrete, clear legal phenomena, regulators of public relations. At the same time, in both of these cases, the primacy of the norms of law over the principles of law is proved. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical method of cognition, as well as analysis, synthesis, system and structural methods, induction and deduction.
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Amri, Saber, Hela Ltifi, and Mounir Ben Ayed. "A Predictive Visual Analytics Evaluation Approach Based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System." Computer Journal 62, no. 7 (September 29, 2018): 977–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxy091.
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Abstract The evaluation of visual analytics (VA) is a challenging field enabling analysts to get insight into diverse data types and formats. It aims at understanding events described by data and supporting the knowledge discovery process by integrating different data analysis methods. Recently, the evolution of intelligent decision support systems has enabled the inductive and predictive approaches of data analysis to make important decisions faster with a higher level of confidence and lower uncertainty. This paper introduces a new and intelligent evaluation method of VA that understands the users’ work as well as the features of their environments including vagueness, uncertainty and ambiguity due to workload. To this end, we apply an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to get quantitative and qualitative measures and determine the lowest evaluation score with better approximation. By combining fuzzy logic, used to deal with the inaccuracies and uncertainty problems during the evaluation process, and neural network, used to solve the problem of continuous changes in assessment environments with the delivery of adaptive learning content. By using the ANFIS approach that allows accurate prediction of evaluation scores, the proposed method seems more efficient compared to the recent evaluation methodology.
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Ravoniarison, Aina, and Cédric Benito. "Mobile games: players’ experiences with in-app purchases." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-06-2016-0060.
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PurposeThis paper aims to offer a comprehensive perspective into Free-to-Play gamers’ attitudes, feelings toward and perceived value of in-app purchases (IAPs).Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a twofold qualitative methodology using an inductive approach: user-generated YouTube videos and gamers’ online reviews posted on Play stores.FindingsEight topics have emerged out from the qualitative data related to the characteristics of a good/bad IAP, the IAPs as downsides, the ambiguity with traditional Pay-to-Play games, the financial-risk issues, the resistance behaviors, the worries about over-spending and addiction and the frustration mechanism.Research limitations/implicationsBy focusing on IAPs, this research contributes to build an integrative overview to better understand how players deal with IAPs and how this interaction should be analyzed in the light of multiple frameworks. Emphasis is placed on a continuum of player responses from tolerant metacognition to high degree of subversion.Originality/valueA twofold netnographic approach offers a novel contribution to the field of mobile games by bringing together two materials increasingly connected to the video game universe. It also brought to the fore an experiential context by providing insight into the underlying dynamics of Player/IAP interactions.
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Ulman, J. D. "RADICAL BEHAVIORISM VERSUS PRAGMATISM." Reflexio 12, no. 1 (2019): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2658-4506-2019-12-1-5-29.
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Some behaviorists consider positivism to be an obsolete scientific philosophy and advocate for pragmatism or a tenet thereof, contextualism, as the appropriate philosophical world view for the study of behavior. I argue that pragmatism is just as flawed as positivism and for essentially the same reason: they both stem from the same source – British empiricism. I distinguish between empirical and empiricism, the former, the inductive experimental approach put forth by Francis Bacon (1561–1626) and exemplified in the work of B. F. Skinner; the latter, a problematic epistemology founded by John Locke (1632–1708) leading to ambiguity and confusion about the connection between sensation and material reality, and eventually to the proliferation of mentalistic/cognitive constructs that appear in the behavioral literature today. I also examine the ambivalent role of Ernst Mach’s philosophy of science, one that strongly influenced such notable scientists as Einstein and Skinner but also had the retrograde effect of establishing positivism as a school of philosophy. Finally, I argue that the term radical behaviorism should be replaced with behavioral materialism as the designation for the scientific philosophy underlying behaviorology, a philosophy that is aligned with scientific materialism, not with pragmatism or contextualism.
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Mueller, Beatrice, Katja Seipel, Ulrike Bacher, and Thomas Pabst. "Autologous Transplantation for Older Adults with AML." Cancers 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10090340.
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While the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are above the age of 65 years at diagnosis, the outcome of older AML patients remains disappointing. Even if standard intensive chemotherapy induces morphologic complete remission (CR1), relapses in older AML patients are common leading to poor long-term survival outcomes. Since autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) offers distinct anti-leukemic effectiveness while avoiding graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic transplantation, it represents an option for consolidation treatment in selected older AML patients. However, prospective studies in older AML patients assessing the benefit of autologous HCT compared to chemotherapy consolidation or allogeneic transplantation are lacking. Consequently, clinicians face the dilemma that there is considerable ambiguity on the most appropriate consolidation treatment for older AML patients in CR1. This review highlights the possible role of autologous HCT for consolidation in older AML patients reaching CR1 after induction treatment.
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Guillemoteau, Julien, François-Xavier Simon, Guillaume Hulin, Bertrand Dousteyssier, Marion Dacko, and Jens Tronicke. "3-D imaging of subsurface magnetic permeability/susceptibility with portable frequency domain electromagnetic sensors for near surface exploration." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 3 (August 26, 2019): 1773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz382.
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SUMMARY The in-phase response collected by portable loop–loop electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors operating at low and moderate induction numbers (≤1) is typically used for sensing the magnetic permeability (or susceptibility) of the subsurface. This is due to the fact that the in-phase response contains a small induction fraction and a preponderant induced magnetization fraction. The magnetization fraction follows the magneto-static equations similarly to the magnetic method but with an active magnetic source. The use of an active source offers the possibility to collect data with several loop–loop configurations, which illuminate the subsurface with different sensitivity patterns. Such multiconfiguration soundings thereby allows the imaging of subsurface magnetic permeability/susceptibility variations through an inversion procedure. This method is not affected by the remnant magnetization and theoretically overcomes the classical depth ambiguity generally encountered with passive geomagnetic data. To invert multiconfiguration in-phase data sets, we propose a novel methodology based on a full-grid 3-D multichannel deconvolution (MCD) procedure. This method allows us to invert large data sets (e.g. consisting of more than a hundred thousand of data points) for a dense voxel-based 3-D model of magnetic susceptibility subject to smoothness constraints. In this study, we first present and discuss synthetic examples of our imaging procedure, which aim at simulating realistic conditions. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our method to field data collected across an archaeological site in Auvergne (France) to image the foundations of a Gallo-Roman villa built with basalt rock material. Our synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the potential of the proposed inversion procedure offering new and complementary ways to interpret data sets collected with modern EMI instruments.
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Wu, Lufeng, Guangshe Jia, and Puwei Zhang. "Improving the effectiveness of public participation in public infrastructure megaprojects." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 13, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 1522–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-12-2018-0281.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to improve the effectiveness of public participation in public infrastructure megaprojects (PIMs). Conflicts among stakeholders and uncertainty disrupt the success of PIMs when public participation is ineffective. Design/methodology/approach Secondhand data are collected to study the effectiveness of public participation in the Beijing–Shenyang High-Speed Rail (China) and the California High-Speed Rail (USA). The employed research method is an inductive case study. Findings Ineffective public participation can cause schedule and cost overruns and increase uncertainty in PIMs. The ambiguity of meaningful public participation, ineffective participatory approaches and overburden of public participation in environmental impact assessment are the causes of ineffective public participation in PIMs. Research limitations/implications Public participation has become an essential part in PIMs management. This study looks at the understanding of the relationship between public participation and the success of PIMs. Practical implications Legislative bodies should perfect the laws to guarantee meaningful public participation. Lead agencies should adopt additional effective participatory approaches to solicit public comments and identify critical voices. A dispute solution mechanism is necessary to solve public participation disputes in PIMs in practice. Originality/value Stakeholder and uncertainty management are important to the success of PIMs. This study reveals methods to improve the effectiveness of public participation to alleviate the conflicts among stakeholders and reduce uncertainty in PIMs.
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Parsons, Christopher R., Sebastien Rojon, Lena Rose, and Farhan Samanani. "High skilled migration through the lens of policy." Migration Studies 8, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 279–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mny037.
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Abstract High skilled migrants and the policies designed to attract and select such individuals are widely championed. In formulating and evaluating such policies, however, policy makers and academics alike face significant challenges, since, from the perspective of policy, what it means to be high skilled remains a fluid concept. The resulting ambiguity stymies meaningful international comparisons of the mobility of skills, undermines the design and evaluation of immigration policies and hinders the measurement of human capital. In this paper, we adopt an inductive approach to examine how high skilled migrants are classified based upon states’ unilateral immigration policies, thereby highlighting the difficulties of comparing high skilled policies across countries. We further elucidate the challenges in measuring the outcomes of high skilled migration policies that arise due to differing national priorities in recording high skilled migrants. We conclude by making a number of policy recommendations, which if enacted, would bring clarity to scholars and policy makers alike in terms of being able to meaningfully compare the composition, and assess the efficacy of, high skilled migration policies across countries. In doing so we introduce three datasets comprising: harmonised high skill migration flow data, skilled occupational concordances and high skilled unilateral and bilateral migration policy data, which undergird our analysis and that can be built upon in years to come.
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Bergström, Peter. "Process-based assessment for professional learning in higher education: Perspectives on the student-teacher relationship." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 11, no. 2 (May 27, 2010): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v11i2.816.
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This article reports on a study that was carried out in autumn 2007 with students in a professional nurse education distance course at a Swedish university. The study aimed to develop a greater understanding of the student-teacher relationship based on research questions addressing the teachers’ role, the learning process, and the assessment process in traditional approaches to teaching and learning. A didactical design was adopted, focusing on three learning outcomes in three phases. In each of the three phases, these learning outcomes were assessed by each student documenting his/her knowledge at the beginning, middle, and end of the course. Data was collected via in-depth interviews with students (n = 14) and through a questionnaire (n = 40) and was analysed using an inductive thematic analysis of the material. The results indicate a student-teacher relationship involving ambiguity and complexity in relation to the degree of teacher direction as being teacher-centred or learner-centred and also in relation to the learning process as being reproductive or productive. The interpretation of the results shows diverse aspects of the student-teacher relationship arising from students’ beliefs about teaching, learning, and assessment and, in particular, process-based assessment. The locus of control involves the teachers’ role, the learning process, and the assessment process, which illuminates different perspectives of power relations in the student-teacher relationship.
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Elmejresi, Jamila Ibrahim, Muneer Ali Abdul Rab, and Abdul Samat Musa. "مدى سلطة المحكّم في البتّ في اختصاصه في التّشريع الليبي." Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 7, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.v7i1.131.
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The principle of competence in jurisdiction is an important basis in commercial arbitration for its importance in reducing the time of litigation. The trust of the litigants in the arbitrator does not stop at the subject matter of the dispute but extends to all its preliminary decisions before the judgment in the case. This principle is explicitly adopted in the majority of arbitration centres. However, Libyan jurisprudence does not adopt this principle, and it is left vague under the provisions of article 757 of the Code of Plea on Matters outside the Jurisdiction of the Arbitrators, which could result in a contradiction in the arbitration decisions. Thus, this paper deals with the limits of the authority of the arbitrator in enforcing his jurisdiction under Libyan legislation by relying on the inductive method and analytical deductive approach. This research concludes that the principle of jurisdiction is one of the most important principles of international arbitration. However, Libyan legislators have not properly addressed the issue on the invalidity of the arbitration clause in a true contract due to the ambiguity of Article 757 of the Libyan Code of Procedure on matters beyond the jurisdiction of the arbitrators. There is thus an overlap between the judiciary and arbitration in specifying the jurisdiction of the arbitrator in the texts of the draft arbitration law
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Schell, Amanda M., Erica L. Granger, Frank Koczot, Matthew A. Fischer, and Christopher C. Norbury. "Dendritic Cell Migration Limits the Duration of CD8+ T-Cell Priming to Peripheral Viral Antigen." Journal of Virology 84, no. 7 (January 20, 2010): 3586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01975-09.
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ABSTRACT CD8+ T cells (TCD8+ ) play a crucial role in immunity to viruses. Antiviral TCD8+ are initially activated by recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-peptide complexes on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPC). Migration of pAPC from the site of infection to secondary lymphoid organs is likely required during a natural infection. Migrating pAPC can be directly infected with virus or may internalize antigen derived from virus-infected cells. The use of experimental virus infections to assess the requirement for pAPC migration in initiation of TCD8+ responses has proven difficult to interpret because injected virus can readily drain to secondary lymphoid organs without the need for cell-mediated transport. To overcome this ambiguity, we examined the generation of antigen-specific TCD8+ after immunization with recombinant adenoviruses that express antigen driven by skin-specific or ubiquitous promoters. We show that the induction of TCD8+ in response to tissue-targeted antigen is less efficient than the response to ubiquitously expressed antigen and that the resulting TCD8+ fail to clear all target cells pulsed with the antigenic peptide. This failure to prime a fully functional TCD8+ response results from a reduced period of priming to peripherally expressed antigen versus ubiquitously expressed antigen and correlated with a brief burst of pAPC migration from the skin, a requirement for induction of the response to peripheral antigen. These results indicate that a reduced duration of pAPC migration after virus infection likely reduces the amplitude of the TCD8+ response, allowing persistence of the peripheral virus.
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Hassan, Doaa Kamaleldin. "CREATIVITY TRILATERAL DYNAMICS: PLAYFULNESS, MINDFULNESS, AND IMPROVISATION." Creativity Studies 12, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2019.4313.
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As recent studies proved; creativity is no longer an option, it is really essential for our everyday life. In fact, creativity is a unified whole composed of four interweaved strands; creative person, creative press, creative process, and creative product. Nevertheless, creative person could be considered the motor of these unified gearwheels. Creative person should be open for novelty, tolerant for complexity and ambiguity as discussed through literature; however, the question here is how to acquire these characteristics. In this sense, issues of playfulness, mindfulness and improvisa-tion could be much related and might answer such question. In fact, these topics were approached in many researches in relation to creativity, but there are scarce studies that might relate them to each other, i.e., playfulness with mindfulness, mindfulness with improvisation, or improvisation with playfulness. Thus, this research, as a contribution to the field of the psychology of creativity, proposes that there is a correlation among these three experiences or forces of a creative person. Then, the aim of this research is to explore these interrelations that, if boosted, might leverage creative person’s characteristics. The methodology is based on inductive reasoning via two phases; first, analyzing literature on playfulness, mindfulness and improvisation and their relations to creativity studies. The second phase is traversing these three corpuses, sewing them together in order to create a braid of these forces to act as dynamics boosting for higher levels of creative mindset.
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Matipano, Geoffreys, and Reinford Khumalo. "Enhanced Shared Governance Improves the Collaborative Management of Protected Areas in Zimbabwe." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (August 5, 2021): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.3.1.378.
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A majority of protected areas are not being managed effectively enough to ensure the perpetuity of biological resources they contain due to impediments such as poor governance. This study focused on the experiences in the shared governance of people involved in partnership-managed protected areas and also on developing critical success factors in implementing such partnerships. The interpretivism approach was appropriate for this qualitative, inductive, descriptive, and exploratory three-case study that used in-depth interviews and open-ended quester-views with a purposive sample to generate data. In the early stages of the projects, the protected area shared governance was not stable and was characterized by many pitfalls because the concept of partnerships was new in Zimbabwe. It is important to develop guiding frameworks and build capacity that eliminates governance vacuum, ambiguity, deficiencies, overcrowding, redundancies, bureaucracy, and politics from the early stages of the partnerships. Community participation is crucial in the management and long-term sustainability of protected areas in developing countries. Further, governance reforms for the protected areas needed to recognize traditional and cultural sites in the project areas and develop governance types of the sacred sites formally attributed to the local ethnic indigenous people nested within project shared governance. Some critical success factors of well-shared governance of protected areas are in the text. However, all the principles of good governance may not be usable in one case study
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Alrabayah, Mustafa, Abdallah Barjas Qaswal, Aiman Suleiman, and Lubna Khreesha. "Role of Potassium Ions Quantum Tunneling in the Pathophysiology of Phantom Limb Pain." Brain Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 18, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10040241.
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(1) Background: multiple theories were proposed to explain the phenomenon of phantom limb pain (PLP). Nevertheless, the phenomenon is still shrouded in mystery. The aim of this study is to explore the phenomenon from a new perspective, where quantum tunneling of ions, a promising field in medical practice, might play a major role. (2) Methods: investigators designed a quantum mathematical model based on the Schrödinger equation to examine the probability of potassium ions quantum tunneling through closed membrane potassium channels to the inside of phantom axons, leading to the generation of action potential. (3) Results: the model suggests that the probability of action potential induction at a certain region of the membrane of phantom neurons, when a neuron of the stump area is stimulated over 1 mm2 surface area of the membrane available for tunneling is 1.04 × 10−2. Furthermore, upon considering two probabilities of potassium channelopathies, one that decreased the energy of the barrier by 25% and another one by 50%, the tunneling probability became 1.22 × 10−8 and 3.86 × 10−4, respectively. (4) Conclusion: quantum models of potassium ions can provide a reliable theoretical hypothesis to unveil part of the ambiguity behind PLP.
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Batyushkina, M. V. "Legal Concept and Legal Term: Specificity of the Correlation and Definitions (Based on Russian Laws)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-1-207-215.
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The present research featured legal concepts and terms in legislative texts. The paper focuses on various approaches to legal concepts and terms, e.g. logical-hierarchical, definitional, structural-semantic, etc. The author proved that the concepts of legal term and legal concept are often synonymous. They have the same nominative function, verbal expression, modification procedure, and variability. In addition, both terms possess legislative definitions. As a result, a legislative text can be understood in broad and narrow sense. The study touched upon the following issues: (a) the institutional functions of legislative definitions (interpretative, differentiating, legal, system-forming); (b) the location of the definition within the legislative text; (c) the main methods for constructing a legislative definition (lists, descriptions, combinations) and defective legislative definitions. The paper describes reasons for the ambiguity of legal concepts (terms) and the variability of their legislative definitions. The research was based on the texts of Russian federal and regional laws, legal dictionaries, and judicial practice. The methods included discursive, categorical, and definitional approaches, as well as induction and deduction and contextual, component, comparative analyzes. The obtained results and conclusions may be used in legislative text studies, as well as by experts in legislative and judicial discourse.
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Dorval, Marc, Marie-Hélène Jobin, and Nadia Benomar. "Lean culture: a comprehensive systematic literature review." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 920–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-03-2018-0087.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of pragmatic ambiguity (PA) lean culture has currently in the manufacturing and service literature. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive systematic review of academic (journals, books and theses) and commercial literature was undertaken drawn from a six databases search of two keywords (“lean” and “culture”) and related citations. Findings A total sample of 1,066 references (678 academic papers, 121 books, 103 theses and 164 commercial documents) were analyzed. The authors found contributions from 67 countries but oddly, only two came from Japan. In total, 89 percent of citations were directly about lean culture. However, for 86 percent of them, lean culture was only discussed superficially. All four literature segments show an over 85 percent agreement on lean culture being an organizational aim. The authors encountered 103 definitions of organizational culture and found 13 definitions of lean culture. Issues of culture gap, leadership, human resource management, sustainability and innovation are found to amplify lean culture’s already high PA level. Research limitations/implications Further research and development are needed to decrease lean culture’s PA level and improve understanding of lean from a cultural perspective. Practical implications Current lean culture’s high PA level has positive and negative effects on lean implementation. Taking lean implementation from a cultural perspective may facilitate an organization’s lean transformation journey. Originality/value This is the first systematic literature review on lean culture using a broad and inductive approach. An original evidence-based definition of organizational culture is proposed.
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B, Bruger. "A-148 The Experiences of Partners of Elite Athletes Diagnosed with Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS)." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.148.
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Abstract Objective This study explored partners’ experiences of caring for an elite athlete who has post-concussion syndrome (PCS) or lingering symptoms of concussion. Until this point, the concussion literature has focused mostly on experiences of athletes (McCrory et al, 2017) and caregivers of non-athletes with brain injury. Literature on partners of athletes with PCS is woefully underrepresented. The purpose of this study is to examine the experience of partners of elite athletes with PCS to add to current concussion and caretaker literature. Method Conventional content analysis of semi-structured interviews was used for the inductive identification of common themes in the participants experience, with the coding categories directly derived from the text data. Results Major themes created from the coding of interviews included a) the lack of literature available and provided to the general public on concussions and PCS is minimal, b) there is a sense of ambiguity for partners and their post-concussed loved ones regarding duration of symptoms and what to expect, c) partners turned to non-credible sources of information and at times, adding undue stress, and d) feeling as if the dynamics of their relationship had not changed, and if they had, quite minimally, following a concussion(s) sustained by their loved one. Evidence for mild caregiver burden was found and participants identified unexpected and exhausting emotional difficulties. Conclusion Findings were consistent with current literature on caregivers of non-athletes with brain injury. This study extended current literature to include literature on partners of athletes with PCS.
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Rohmawati, Rohmawati, and Ahmad Rofiq. "Legal reasonings of religious court judges in deciding the origin of children: a study on the protection of biological children’s civil rights." Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v21i1.1-20.
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This study explores the extent to which religious court judges decided the origin of biological children following the implementation of the Indonesian Constitutional Court Decree number 46/PUU-VIII/2010. A substantial ambiguity was apparent in the Indonesian family law concerning civil relationships between children born out of wedlock and their biological fathers. Consequently, judges had different legal interpretations over status of children, which created disparities of the children’s civil right protection. This study focuses on investigating the judges’ legal reasonings when deciding origin of biological children born out of wedlock. This is a case study with a legal philosophical approach. Data collection includes document collection, whereas data analysis involves deductive and inductive approaches. This study found three typologies of judges’ legal reasonings in relation to how they decided the origin of the biological children. Pragmatic judges would not provide legal protection to the biological children as they failed to accept lineage of these children towards their parents, creating uncertainty over the children’s legal status. Conservative judges with a positivistic mindset would acknowledge legal relationship between the biological children and their mothers, generating the children’s civil rights in relation to their mothers. Progressive judges would provide legal protection to the biological children. Progressive judges accepted the lineage of these children towards their parents but acknowledged their civil rights in relation to their fathers in limited ways such as living allowance and testament. Disparities of judges’ decisions regarding the origin of the biological children substantially created a legal uncertainty to these children.
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Convento, Silvia, Giuseppe Vallar, Chiara Galantini, and Nadia Bolognini. "Neuromodulation of Early Multisensory Interactions in the Visual Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 5 (May 2013): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00347.
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Merging information derived from different sensory channels allows the brain to amplify minimal signals to reduce their ambiguity, thereby improving the ability of orienting to, detecting, and identifying environmental events. Although multisensory interactions have been mostly ascribed to the activity of higher-order heteromodal areas, multisensory convergence may arise even in primary sensory-specific areas located very early along the cortical processing stream. In three experiments, we investigated early multisensory interactions in lower-level visual areas, by using a novel approach, based on the coupling of behavioral stimulation with two noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, namely, TMS and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). First, we showed that redundant multisensory stimuli can increase visual cortical excitability, as measured by means of phosphene induction by occipital TMS; such physiological enhancement is followed by a behavioral facilitation through the amplification of signal intensity in sensory-specific visual areas. The more sensory inputs are combined (i.e., trimodal vs. bimodal stimuli), the greater are the benefits on phosphene perception. Second, neuroelectrical activity changes induced by tDCS in the temporal and in the parietal cortices, but not in the occipital cortex, can further boost the multisensory enhancement of visual cortical excitability, by increasing the auditory and tactile inputs from temporal and parietal regions, respectively, to lower-level visual areas.
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Moiseeva, Tatiana V. "Semantic Contents of the Theory of Intersubjective Management Name." World of Economics and Management 20, no. 2 (2020): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2020-20-2-119-133.
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The theme of the study is to identify the meaning of the terms that used in the name of the intersubjective management theory, which can be interpreted in different ways. At the stage of the formation of innovative approaches to management, multiple interpretations and discrepancies in understanding the basic principles of the theory can have a negative value. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to reduce the ambiguity of the interpretation of the terms used, starting with the name of the new approach itself. The applied theoretical and empirical methods include analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, formalization, induction, deduction, analogy, problem statement, and literature research. The obtained results consist of the fact that for the first time an analysis and comparison of the definitions of the basic concepts included in the name of the theory of intersubjective management and presented in the scientific literature and dictionaries are carried out. On the basis of existing concepts, new definitions are given and new meaning is presented, embedded in the name by the author of the theory and shared by followers. The stated concept will help to understand the meaning of key terms for researchers (for the further development of the theory) and actors (for practical application).
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Eason, Christianne M., Stephanie M. Mazerolle, and Ashley Goodman. "Organizational Infrastructure in the Collegiate Athletic Training Setting, Part III: Benefits of and Barriers in the Medical and Academic Models." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.25.
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Context: Academic and medical models are emerging as alternatives to the athletics model, which is the more predominant model in the collegiate athletic training setting. Little is known about athletic trainers' (ATs') perceptions of these models. Objective: To investigate the perceived benefits of and barriers in the medical and academic models. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, and III. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 16 full-time ATs (10 men, 6 women; age = 32 ± 6 years, experience = 10 ± 6 years) working in the medical (n = 8) or academic (n = 8) models. Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted semistructured telephone interviews and evaluated the qualitative data using a general inductive approach. Multiple-analyst triangulation and peer review were completed to satisfy data credibility. Results: In the medical model, role congruency and work-life balance emerged as benefits, whereas role conflict, specifically intersender conflict with coaches, was a barrier. In the academic model, role congruency emerged as a benefit, and barriers were role strain and work-life conflict. Subscales of role strain included role conflict and role ambiguity for new employees. Role conflict stemmed from intersender conflict with coaches and athletics administrative personnel and interrole conflict with fulfilling multiple overlapping roles (academic, clinical, administrative). Conclusions: The infrastructure in which ATs provide medical care needs to be evaluated. We found that the medical model can support better alignment for both patient care and the wellbeing of ATs. Whereas the academic model has perceived benefits, role incongruence exists, mostly because of the role complexity associated with balancing teaching, patient-care, and administrative duties.