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Nordgren, Lars. "The Greek Interjections : Studies on the Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of the Interjections in Fifth-Century Drama." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of French, Italian and Classical Languages, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75536.
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This thesis investigates the linguistic and philological characteristics of the primary interjections in Ancient Greek drama. It employs Ameka’s definition and classification from 1992 as its theoretical base, and provides a comprehensive research survey. The thesis has a data-driven approach, and is based on all items traditionally classified as interjections. In the chapter on morphology and syntax, the unique characteristics of interjections are presented. E.g., NPs co-occurring with interjections form an interjection phrase, which follows a specific pattern, in accordance with a phrase schema. The chapter on semantics, which is the main part of the thesis, employs an analytical model based on a moderate minimalism approach. This assumes that all items have a core meaning that can be identified without the aid of context, yet allows different, but related, meanings. The definition adopted in the present thesis states that interjections share only formal characteristics, and thus can be divided into categories based on their semantic features, which are defined using Kaplan’s notion of informational equivalence. The thesis deals with three such categories, each with its individual semantic properties: expressive interjections, express the speaker’s experience of emotion and/or cognition; conative interjections, express what the speaker wants the addressee or auditor to do; imitative interjections, depict or reproduce sounds or events. Items in category 1 are the most frequent and thus receive most attention. In the chapter on pragmatics, it is proposed that the primary function of interjections is to express the core semantics in a specified context. Felicity conditions are suggested for an utterance to convey the primary meaning of an interjection. Interjections are also shown to have various secondary functions, e.g. that of strengthening markers. Finally, a lexicon is provided, which offers individual informational equivalents of all interjections under study.
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Alves, Daniella de Sousa Mendes Moreira. "Avanços no isolamento e caracterização biológica e molecular de acanthamoeba spp (Acanthamoebidae) – ameba de vida livre : determinação experimental do potencial patogênico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/11013.
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Tese(doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de ciências da saúde, Programa de pós-graduação em ciências da saúde, 2012.Submitted by Sabrina Silva de Macedo (sabrinamacedo@bce.unb.br) on 2012-07-24T12:32:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_DanielladeSousaMendesMoreiraAlves.pdf: 1244791 bytes, checksum: dc7a7f8820b1c2ea4b7f7ff74913ebe4 (MD5)
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Várias espécies do gênero Acanthamoeba podem causar ceratite e encefalite amebiana granulomatosa. A avaliação dos critérios de patogenicidade é de grande importância para analisar o risco de infecção. Nossos objetivos foram determinar o potencial patogênico de isolados ambientais de Acanthamoeba de Brasília, DF e avaliar uma técnica de purificação de cultivos de Acanthamoeba. A análise da sequência do 18S rDNA revelou que: entre os 19 isolados estudados, oitoapresentaram similaridade com o genótipo T5, seis com o genótipo T4 e um com o genótipo T2/T6. Os genótipos dos outros quatro isolados não foram determinados. A cepa de referência Acanthamoeba polyphaga (ATCC 30461) serviu de controle. Além disso, 11 isolados (58%) cresceram a 37°C e oito (42%) cresceram em presença de manitol 1,5 M, parâmetros fisiológicos associados com isolados patogênicos de Acanthamoeba, enquanto quatro isolados de água de piscina e um de ceratite apresentaram elevado potencial patogênico. Nos testes de patogenicidade in vivo, realizados com três isolados e a cepa de referência ATCC30461, o isolado de córnea foi considerado patogênico e dois isolados ambientais,invasivos. Foi possível reduzir a porcentagem de fungos e bactérias em uma placa de cultura da cepa de referência ATCC 30461 e de bactérias em uma placa de cultura de um isolado de solo com a inoculação na cavidade peritoneal de camundongos. Nossos resultados indicam ampla distribuição de isolados de Acanthamoeba spp. similares aos genótipos T4, T5 e T2/T6, classificados como invasivos, em diversos habitats de Brasília, DF, revelando o risco potencial de infecção humana e a necessidade de medidas preventivas. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Several Acanthamoeba species may cause keratitis and granulomatous amebic encephalitis. The evaluation of the criteria of pathogen city is very important to assess the risk of infection. We aimed to determine the pathogenic potential of environ mental isolates of Acanthamoeba from Brasília, DF, Brazil, and assess technique to purify Acanthamoeba cultures. Sequence analysis of 18S rDNArevealed that: among the 19 isolates tested, eight were similar to genotype T5, six to genotype T4, and one to genotype T2/T6. The genotypes of the remaining four isolates were not determined. The reference Acanthamoeba polyphaga strain (ATCC30461) was the control. Moreover, 11 strains (58%) presented growth at 37°C and eight (42%) developed in medium containing 1.5 M mannitol, the physiological parameters associated with pathogenic isolates of Acanthamoeba, whereas fours trains isolated from swimming pool water and one from a patient with keratitisshowed high pathogenic potential. In vivo pathogen city tests, performed with three isolates and the reference strain ATCC 30461, showed that the isolate from a patient with keratitis was considered pathogenic and two environmental isolates, invasive. It was possible to reduce the percentage of fungi and bacteria in a culture plate of the reference strain ATCC 30461 and bacteria in a culture plate of one soil isolate byinoculating them into the peritoneal cavity of mice. Our results indicate a wide distribution of Acanthamoeba spp. isolates similar to genotypes T4, T5, and T2/T6, classified as invasive, isolated from several habitats of Brasília, DF, revealing the potential risk of human infection and the need for preventive measures.
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Doria, Nilson Guimarães. "Da ameba ao psicólogo: diálogos de Popper com a psicologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-30092011-150544/.
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Pouco se conhece da obra de Popper entre os psicólogos à parte alguma informação sobre as suas contribuições à Filosofia da Ciência. Todavia as relações que Popper manteve com a disciplina, seja a sua formação inicial nesta área, ou seus escritos em que abordava matéria psicológica, foram várias e profícuas. Em sua pretensão mais modesta este trabalho é uma retomada do estudo destas relações, entretanto ele pretende não só recapitulá-las, mas também argumentar em favor da atualidade das contribuições de Popper para a Psicologia em diversos níveis: do metateórico à sugestão de hipóteses para testagem empírica. Os principais resultados aos quais a pesquisa conduziu foram: a) o rastreamento de Bühler e Selz como principais influências do campo da Psicologia sobre a obra de Popper. A Psicologia da Aprendizagem de Selz inspirando suas idéias sobre o problema do crescimento do conhecimento, e a solução pluralista de Bühler para a crise da psicologia, associada à sua Teoria da Linguagem, colaborando para a criação do pluralismo metodológico; b) a identificação do pluralismo metodológico popperiano como base de uma epistemologia interacionista. Seu pluralismo tem grande potencial para repercussões na Psicologia, especialmente na forma da Teoria dos Mundos e do papel concedido ao Mundo 3 tanto na constituição do psiquismo, quanto na mediação da relação entre seres autoconscientes; c) as incursões de Popper na Teoria da Evolução, como o modelo popperiano do Dualismo Genético, e a proposição de que seu esquema tetrádico do crescimento do conhecimento pode ser entendido como uma generalização da evolução darwinista enriquecem, colaboram com debate corrente no campo da Psicologia Evolucionista no que se refere ao papel desempenhado pelo comportamento ativo dos organismos na evolução e do alcance do dawinismo universal; d) A idéia de que o eu pode em grande medida ser entendido como um objeto de Mundo 3, com todas as suas propriedades, resulta em um fértil campo de especulação que lança luz sobre problemas contemporâneos em Psicologia Cultural, como o da interobjetividade, e a complementariedade dos processos de internalização e externalização; e) algumas propostas concretas de hipóteses a serem testadas são apresentadas ao conjugar-se a idéia popperiana de que a ciência é a um só tempo uma atividade criativa e crítica, com a perspectiva do Self-Dialógico. Eu- Crítico, e Eu- Criador, poderiam ser entendidos como I-positions dos cientistas concretos; f) a Epistemologia da maturidade de Popper, com sua ênfase na crítica do indutivismo e em determinado ethos científico, podem nos ajuda a enfrentar o problema da Crise da Psicologia. Apesar dos resultados acima não esgotarem toda a possibilidade de diálogo que se pode estabelecer entre a obra de Popper e a Psicologia (pois haveria ainda outros aspectos que poderiam ser abordados, como a relação de Popper com a Psicanálise; o problema do individualismo metodológico e suas conseqüências para a Psicologia Social; novas maneiras de se pensar o inconsciente a partir do entendimento do eu como um objeto do Mundo 3, etc.), acredita-se que o presente trabalho representa ganhos substanciais ao debate teórico acerca das relações que se propõe discutirPopper oeuvre is mostly unknown among psychologists, besides a piecemeal of information about his contributions to Philosophy of Science. Nevertheless, Popper has always been in close and productive contact with Psychology, since his first academic studies in the area, to his later works on Mind Philosophy. The minor goal of this work is to retake from the History books the study of these relations, although it intends to go further defending their value to the contemporary Psychology, in different levels: from the metalevel, to the formulation of empirically testable hypothesis. The main results of my research are: a) identify Bühler and Selz as the main psychological influences over Poppers work. Selzs Learning Psychology had served as an inspiration to Popper thoughts about the nature of the processes involved on the growth of knowledge, as Bühlers pluralistic solution to the Crisis in Psychology problem, and his also pluralistic Language theory, had helped in the creation of his methodological pluralism; b) pointing Popperian methodological pluralism as the ground to an interactionist epistemology. His pluralism has great potential repercussions to Psychology mainly the form of his Worlds Theory, and the role given to the third world in the constitution of the psyche and mediation of the communication of sentient beings; c) Poppers flirts with evolutionary theory, as the genetic dualism model, and the proposition that his knowledge growth scheme could be understood as a general formula of the Darwinian evolution, contribute to the current discussion in Evolutionary Psychology about the role of the active behavior of the organism upon the evolutionary pathways, and the reach of the universal darwinism; d) the idea that the I can be understood as a world 3 object, results in a fertile field of speculation on contemporary Cultural Psychology problematic, as the concept of interobjectivity and the complementary nature of internalization and externalization processes; e) some concrete proposal of empirical testable hypothesis are presented trying to connect the Popperian idea that the scientific activity is at the same time a creative an critic activity with the Dialogical-Self perspective. I- Critic and I-Creator could be taken as concrete scientists I-positions; f) Poppers maturity philosophy, with its emphasis on the criticism of inductivism and in the prescription of a certain scientific ethos, can help us to face the old problem of the Crisis of Psychology. Although the results present dont exhaust all the possibility of dialogue between Poppers work and psychological inquiry (once there still being other aspects that could be explored, as the relationship among Popper end Psychoanalysis; the problem of the methodological individualism and its consequences to the Social Psychology; new ways to look at the unconscious from the Popperian assumption of the world 3 nature of the Self), we believe the present work represents substantian improvements to the theoretical debate about the relationships it discuss
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Calovi, Daniel Schardosim. "Simulação do ciclo de vida social da ameba Dictyostelium discoideum." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/31612.
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Nesse trabalho temos como objetivo simular diversos estágios da ameba Dictyostelium discoideum durante o seu ciclo de vida social. Tal organismo apresenta um ciclo de vida típico no qual se comporta como uma ameba Eucarionte, alimentando-se de bactérias e dividindo-se por mitose. É quando as fontes de nutrientes no ambiente se tornam escarças que tem início o ciclo de vida social no qual as amebas começam a emitir um sinal químico que guiará as mesmas com objetivo de formar agregados com aproximadamente 50 mil amebas. Dentro de tal agregado as amebas se diferenciam e formam um ser pluricelular na forma de uma lesma que tem como objetivo transportar as amebas para uma região com maior probabilidade de sobrevivência. Para simular tal organismo iremos mesclar dois modelos diferentes para reproduzir a sinalização química entre as amebas e o seu movimento. O modelo utilizado para descrever a sinalização química do composto Adenosina Monofosfato cíclico 3'5' foi desenvolvido de acordo com a análise dos processos bioquímicos envolvidos e os parâmetros foram obtidos experimentalmente. A movimentação das amebas é implementada através de um modelo de animóides com velocidade fixa onde o ângulo de movimento varia de acordo com regras simples que já provaram ser eficientes na simulação desde grupos de animais a processos de segregação celular. Nessa tese mostraremos como o método utilizado para resolver o modelo de sinalização química não é somente mais eficiente numericamente, como também é capaz de apresentar diversas das propriedades da ameba vistas nos experimentos até o momento da agregação, entre elas: sincronização; adaptação; formação de espirais; padrões de reação difusão. Ao implementarmos o movimento das amebas verificamos outras propriedades como: caminhos preferenciais de deslocamento até o centro do agregado (streaming); formação de mound e movimento coletivo circular. Nesse trabalho além de conseguirmos unir diversas propriedades em um único modelo, também conseguimos demonstrar que a origem do movimento helicoidal coletivo das amebas dentro da lesma pode ser proveniente de simples propriedades físicas ao contrário de algumas vertentes que afirmam ser proveniente da quimiotaxia em um sistema com ondas de sinal químico helicoidal.In this work we aim to simulate different stages of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum through its social cycle. This organism has a typical life cycle in which it behaves like an Eukaryotic amoeba, feeding on bacteria and reproducing through mitosis. It is when the sources of nutrients in the environment become scarce that the social cycle begins. In this cycle the amoebae start to emit a chemical signal that will guide them to form aggregates with approximately 50 thousand amoebae. Within such aggregate the amoebae differentiate themselves to create a multicellular being in the form of a slug, which aims to transport the amoebae to a region with a higher probability of survival. In order to simulate such organism we have merged two different models to reproduce the chemical signaling among amoebae and their movement. The model chosen to describe the chemical signaling of the compound cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate 3'5' has ben developed according to the biochemical processes and the parameters obtained experimentally. The amoebae movement is implemented through a boids model with fixed speed where the angle of movement varies according to simple rules that have proven effective in other simulations of animal groups and cellular segregation. In this thesis we show how the method used to solve the model chemical signaling is not only numerically more efficient, but also capable of reproducing several properties of the amoeba seen in experiments until the aggregation stage, including: synchroniiation, adaptation, spiral formation and reaction-diffusion patterns. Upon implementation of amoeba movement we verified other properties such as streaming, mound formation and collective rotational movement. In this thesis we in addition to uniting several properties in a single model, were also able to demonstrate that the origin of the helicoidal movement within the slug can come from simple physical properties, in contrast to some studies which claim the origin to be from chemotaxis in a system with scroll waves of chemical signaling.
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Mtibaa, Khouloud. "The effect of hyperthermia on proprioception and running gait kinematics." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1337.
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L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était d'étudier les effets de l'hyperthermie sur la proprioception et leurs répercussions sur la cinématique de la course à pied. Nous avons élaboré un protocole expérimental composé de deux études pour répondre à cette question. La première expérimentation a exploré l'hyperthermie induite en mode passif et son effet sur la proprioception. Notre hypothèse était que les perturbations neuromusculaires induites par une hyperthermie passive générale pourraient affecter la proprioception et l'équilibre. 14 participants ont réalisé une série de tests de la fonction neuromusculaire ainsi que des tests de proprioception et d'équilibre statique et dynamique dans une chambre environnementale en conditions chaude (44°C-50°C) et contrôle (24°C). Les résultats de cette 1ère étude ont montré qu'une augmentation de la température rectale (39.0°C vs. 36.9°C) et cutanée (37.9°C vs. 32°C) en ambiance chaude par rapport à la situation de contrôle était associée à une réduction de l'amplitude du reflexe H, une diminution de l'acuité proprioceptive et des perturbations de l'équilibre statique et dynamique. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'hyperthermie passive détériore la proprioception et l'équilibre, ce qui pourrait affecter le geste sportif. Afin d'explorer les effets de l'hyperthermie active sur la proprioception, nous avons par la suite réalisé le test de proprioception active chez 12 coureurs entrainés avant et après un test de 30 minutes en course à pied dans des conditions chaude (39°C) et contrôle (22°C). Les résultats de cette étude ont montré une augmentation plus importante des contraintes thermiques, perceptives et cardiovasculaires en ambiance chaude comparé à la condition tempérée. En plus, nous avons observé une diminution de l'acuité proprioceptive suite à l'exercice en ambiance chaude mais pas tempérée. Ces résultats montrent que les altérations identifiées en situation d'hyperthermie passive lors de la première étude sont également spécifiques à un exercice en ambiance chaude. Lors de ce protocole expérimental, nous avons également exploré les répercussions de ces perturbations de la proprioception sur la cinématique de la course à pied. Pour ce faire, les paramètres spatio-temporels et cinématiques angulaires de la foulée ont été mesurés à vitesse constante (i.e., 70% de la vitesse maximale aérobie) lors de la première et dernière minute de l'exercice (la vitesse étant librement choisie de la 2ème à la 29ème minute). Nous avons ainsi montré une diminution de la fréquence et une augmentation de la longueur des foulées avec la fatigue dans les deux conditions ; accompagnée de changement des paramètres angulaires limités à un redressement du bassin et une diminution de l'angle de la cheville. Cependant, Il n'y avait aucun effet de la condition thermique ou d'interaction entre la fatigue et l'environnement thermique pour les paramètres spatio-temporels et cinématiques angulaires. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'hyperthermie induite par un exercice de course à pied affecte la proprioception de la cheville, mais que cette altération n'affecte pas la cinématique de la course à pied. Suite à ces travaux, nous pouvons donc conclure que la proprioception est affectée par l'hyperthermie induite soit par des méthodes passives ou actives. Ces altérations pourraient provenir des effets de l'hyperthermie sur les fonctions neuromusculaire et cognitive. Cependant, la dégradation de l'acuité proprioceptive avec une augmentation de la température rectale au-delà de 39°C n'affecte pas la cinématique de la course à pied, ce qui suggère une forte stabilité du pattern de course malgré une proprioception et des fonctions neuromusculaires affectéesThe objective of this PhD was to investigate the effects of hyperthermia on proprioception and their impact on running gait kinematics. We developed an experimental protocol consisting of two studies to answer this question.The first experiment explored passive hyperthermia and its effects on proprioception and balance. We hypothesized that neuromuscular disturbances induced by passive hyperthermia would impair proprioception and balance. 14 participants performed a series of tests of neuromuscular function, proprioception, as well as static and dynamic balance in an environmental chamber under hot (44°C - 50°C) and control (24°C) conditions. The results of this first study showed that an increase in rectal (39.0°C vs. 36.9°C) and skin (37.9°C vs. 32°C) temperatures in hot compared to control ambient conditions was associated with a reduction in the amplitude of the Hoffman reflex, a decrease in the proprioceptive acuity and impairments in static and dynamic balance. These results suggest that passive hyperthermia deteriorates proprioception and balance, something that could potentially affect sports movement. ln order to explore the effects of active hyperthermia on proprioception, we subsequently performed the active discrimination test in 12 trained runners before and just after a 30-minute running time-trials under hot (39°C) and control (22°C) conditions. The results of this study showed a larger increase in thermal, perceptual and cardiovascular stresses when running in the heat as compared to running in a temperate environment. ln addition, we observed a decrease in proprioceptive acuity following exercising in the heat only. This showed that the proprioceptive impairments identified during the first study are also present following exercise-induced hyperthermia, but not exercise-induced fatigue without hyperthermia. During this study, we have also explored the impact of hyperthermia-induced alterations in proprioception on running gait kinematics. To do so, we measured angular kinematics and spatiotemporal stride parameters at a constant speed (i.e., 70% of the maximum aerobic speed) during the first and last minute of the exercise (whilst speed was freely chosen from the 2nd to the 29th minute). Results showed that fatigue decreased step frequency and increase step length under both conditions, along inducing a few little changes in the angular kinematic parameters limited to an increase of the PELVlS angle and a decrease of the ANKLE angle. However, no interaction effect was found for any of the spatiotemporal or angular stride parameters. These results suggest that exercise-induced hyperthermia impairs ankle proprioception, but that this alteration does not affect running kinematics. ln summary, proprioception is affected by hyperthermia induced either by passive or active methods. These alterations could be due to the effects of hyperthermia on neuromuscular and cognitive functions. However, the degradation of proprioceptive acuity with an increase in rectal temperature above 39 °C does not affect the kinematics of running, suggesting that running pattern remains stable despite proprioception and neuromuscular functions impairments
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Saric-Babin, Amela Verfasser], and Justus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Haucap. "Three Essays on Empirical Industrial Organization / Amela Saric-Babin ; Betreuer: Justus Haucap." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113916998X/34.
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Saric-Babin, Amela [Verfasser], and Justus [Akademischer Betreuer] Haucap. "Three Essays on Empirical Industrial Organization / Amela Saric-Babin ; Betreuer: Justus Haucap." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113916998X/34.
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Lima, Miguel Antonio Xavier de. "Investigação da circuitaria cortical envolvida no processamento do medo contextual à ameça predatória." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-17022016-135344/.
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Lesões na parte ventral do núcleo anteromedial do tálamo (AMv) interferem no processamento da memória aversiva predatória sem no entanto influenciar as respostas de defesa inatas do animal frente a um predador. O escopo deste trabalho foi entender melhor o papel do AMv e investigar se seus alvos de projeção corticais também interferem no processamento da memória aversiva. No primeiro experimento detectamos que o AMv participa da aquisição da memória aversiva. As áreas corticais pré-límbica, cingulada anterior, visual anteromedial e retroesplenial ventral, recebem e integram entre si projeções oriundas do AMv, além de enviar projeções para a amígdala e hipocampo. Estas áreas corticais estão seletivamente recrutadas durante a exposição ao predador, e observamos que lesões neuroquímicas afetaram severamente a formação da memória aversiva. Nossos dados sugerem que há um circuito de áreas corticais que está criticamente envolvido no processo mnemônico aqui abordado, e fornece as primeiras evidências para a hipótese de módulos corticais a partir do conectoma do rato.Neurochemical lesions placed into ventral part of anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AMv) disrupt contextual, but not innate, fear responses to predatory threats. In the present investigation, we determined whether the AMv is involved in the acquisition and/or retrieval of the conditioned responses, and if its cortical targets are involved in the fear memory processing. In the first assay, we found that AMv has a critical role in the acquisition of conditioned responses. The cortical areas prelimbic (PL), anterior cingulate area (ACA), anteromedial visual area (VISam) and the ventral part of retrosplenial area (RSPv), receive projections from AMv and are recruited during predator exposure. The integrity of these cortical areas is required for the processing of the mnemonic processes here addressed. Our data corroborate current ideas on functional cortical modules, and help to elucidate how they are involved in the acquisition of fear memories related to life threatening situations.
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Schön, Amela [Verfasser]. "Schuldrechtliche Gesellschaftervereinbarungen in der Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Rechtsnachfolge / Amela Schön." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160312680/34.
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Agharabi, Amena [Verfasser], and Giselher [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaule. "Begrünungspotential in ariden und semi-ariden Städten : Fallstudie Teheran, Iran / Amena Agharabi. Betreuer: Giselher Kaule." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1062951689/34.
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Farias, Daniel Solon Dias de. "Tartarugas marinhas da Bacia Potiguar/RN: diagn?stico, biologia alimentar e amea?as." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13103.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-19Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This work aimed to study the diversity and distribution of marine sea turtles stranded in Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, as well as aspects related to feeding behavior associated with human impacts. The study was conducted through the analysis of data from stranded animals, recorded in a daily monitoring in an area bounded on the north by the municipality of Aquiraz, in the state of Cear?, and the east by the municipality of Caicara do Norte, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Stranded dead animals were necropsied and for the analysis of the diet of animals, esophagus, stomach and intestines were fixed in 10% formalin and after that, the stomach contents were sorted and stored in 70% alcohol. Representative fragments of these organs were removed for making histological slides, with a view to histological characterization of the digestive tract. 2.046 occurrences of turtles were recorded during the period from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2012. The Chelonia mydas species showed the highest number of records and it was observed in 66.81 % (N = 1,367) of cases; followed by Eretmochelys imbricata with 4.45 % (N = 91) and by Lepidochelys olivacea with 1.22% (N = 25). The Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea species were, respectively, 0.93 % (N = 19) and 0.05 % (N = 1) records of strandings. In 26.54 % of cases, it was not possible to identify the species. Regarding the spatial distribution, the stretch A was the one that had the highest number of strandings and a larger number of records were registered in the warm months of the year. The dietary analysis showed that C. mydas fed preferentially on algae; C. caretta had a diet with a predominance of the item "coral?s fragments" and E. imbricata species showed preference for an animal origin material. Related to this anthropic interaction, 57.14 % (n = 76) of animals that died at the rehabilitation s base, showed cause of death due to complications from ingesting debris. According to the data presented, the Potiguar Basin presents itself as an area with important diversity and distribution of marine sea turtle as well is characterized as a feeding and nidification area for these species
Este trabalho objetivou estudar a diversidade e distribui??o das tartarugas marinhas encalhadas na Bacia Potiguar, RN, bem como os aspectos relacionados ao comportamento alimentar associados aos impactos antr?picos. O estudo foi realizado com animais encalhados, registrados por monitoramento di?rio, na ?rea delimitada a noroeste pelo munic?pio de Aquiraz, Cear?, e a leste pelo munic?pio de Cai?ara do Norte, RN. Os animais encalhados mortos foram necropsiados e coletados es?fago, est?mago e intestinos, fixados em formol a 10%, sendo posteriormente o conte?do estomacal triado e armazenado. Destes mesmos ?rg?os foram retirados fragmentos para confec??o de l?minas histol?gicas. Foram registradas 2.046 ocorr?ncias de tartarugas marinhas durante o per?odo de 01/01/2010 a 31/12/2012. A esp?cie Chelonia mydas apresentou o maior n?mero de registros (66,81%, N = 1.367); seguido de Eretmochelys imbricata (4,45%, N = 91) e Lepidochelys olivacea com 1,22% (N = 25). Caretta caretta e Dermochelys coriacea apresentaram, respectivamente, 0,93% (N = 19) e 0,05% (N = 1) registros. Tanto a distribui??o espacial, como a temporal, variaram evidenciando maior ocorr?ncia de encalhes no trecho A- Grossos-RN/Icapu?-CE e um maior n?mero de registros nos meses quentes do ano. A an?lise da dieta das tartarugas demonstrou que Chelonia mydas alimentou-se preferencialmente de algas; Caretta caretta de resto calc?rio e Moluscos e E. imbricata de material de origem animal. Dos animais que vieram a ?bito, 57,14% (n = 76) apresentaram como causa mortis ? ingest?o de detritos. A an?lise da histologia demonstra que o es?fago apresenta papilas esof?gicas, revestidas de epit?lio pavimentoso estratificado queratinizado, igualmente a mucosa deste ?rg?o. Aus?ncia de sub mucosa e camada muscular com m?sculos estriados e liso em diferentes dire??es. Est?mago e intestino apresentam as quatro camadas: mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa, com destaque para as fossetas g?stricas no est?mago e a presen?a de vilos nos intestinos. De acordo com os dados apresentados, a Bacia Potiguar apresenta-se como uma ?rea de grande diversidade de esp?cies de tartarugas marinhas, sendo caracterizada como ?rea de alimenta??o para essas esp?cies
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Alshabani, Nuha. "EXPLORING THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF TRANSMITTING RESILIENCY AMONG ARAB, MIDDLE EASTERN, AND NORTH AFRICAN (AMENA) MIGRANTS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1625581685665257.
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Massud, M?riam Valen?a. "Um sistema para gest?o do conhecimento em amea?as, vulnerabilidades e seus efeitos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15436.
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Previous issue date: 2005-12-20Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Attacks to devices connected to networks are one of the main problems related to the confidentiality of sensitive data and the correct functioning of computer systems. In spite of the availability of tools and procedures that harden or prevent the occurrence of security incidents, network devices are successfully attacked using strategies applied in previous events. The lack of knowledge about scenarios in which these attacks occurred effectively contributes to the success of new attacks. The development of a tool that makes this kind of information available is, therefore, of great relevance. This work presents a support system to the management of corporate security for the storage, retrieval and help in constructing attack scenarios and related information. If an incident occurs in a corporation, an expert must access the system to store the specific attack scenario. This scenario, made available through controlled access, must be analyzed so that effective decisions or actions can be taken for similar cases. Besides the strategy used by the attacker, attack scenarios also exacerbate vulnerabilities in devices. The access to this kind of information contributes to an increased security level of a corporation's network devices and a decreased response time to occurring incidents
Ataques a dispositivos conectados em rede constituem um dos principais problemas relacionados ? confidencialidade das informa??es sens?veis e ao correto funcionamento dos sistemas de computa??o. Apesar da disponibilidade de ferramentas e de procedimentos que dificultam ou evitam a ocorr?ncia de incidentes de seguran?a, dispositivos de rede s?o atacados com sucesso utilizando-se estrat?gias aplicadas em eventos anteriores. O desconhecimento dos cen?rios nos quais esses ataques ocorreram contribui de maneira efetiva para o sucesso de novos ataques. O desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta que disponibilize esse tipo de informa??o ?, ent?o, de grande relev?ncia. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de apoio ? gest?o de seguran?a corporativa para o armazenamento, a recupera??o e o aux?lio na composi??o de cen?rios de ataque e informa??es relacionadas. Se um incidente de seguran?a ocorrer em uma corpora??o, o especialista em seguran?a deve acessar o sistema para armazenar o cen?rio de ataque espec?fico. Este cen?rio, disponibilizado atrav?s de acesso controlado, deve ser estudado para que decis?es efetivas possam ser tomadas em casos semelhantes. Cen?rios de ataque evidenciam, al?m da estrat?gia utilizada pelo atacante, vulnerabilidades existentes em dispositivos. O acesso a este tipo de informa??o contribui para a eleva??o do n?vel de seguran?a dos dispositivos de rede de uma corpora??o e para a diminui??o do tempo de resposta ao incidente ocorrido
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Oliveira, Elisabete Regina Baptista de. "\"Minha vida de ameba\": os scripts sexo-normativos e a construção social das assexualidades na internet e na escola." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-11052015-102351/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa de doutorado é compreender as trajetórias de autoidentificação de indivíduos assexuais, com destaque para suas interações sociais na escola durante os anos da educação básica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, de natureza qualitativa e de perspectiva sociológica, que se insere nos estudos de diversidade sexual no âmbito escolar, sob a ótica de gênero. A assexualidade é compreendida, neste trabalho, como forma de viver a sexualidade caracterizada pelo desinteresse pela prática sexual, que pode ou não ser acompanhado pelo desinteresse por relacionamentos amorosos. O desinteresse sexual/amoroso - construído social, histórica e culturalmente como transtorno psicológico ou fisiológico - tem sido ressignificado, a partir do início do século XXI, como forma distinta e legítima de sexualidade, situada no espectro mais amplo da diversidade sexual. A emergência de comunidades assexuais virtuais, com vários graus de mobilização em diferentes países inclusive no Brasil - tem dado visibilidade a esta categoria e contribuído para fomentar a discussão e os estudos sobre a assexualidade. Para esta pesquisa, foram entrevistadas 40 pessoas autoidentificadas como assexuais - sendo 8 entrevistas presenciais e 32 entrevistas por e-mail -, as quais foram contatadas pelo Blog Assexualidades, ferramenta virtual de pesquisa criada com o objetivo de facilitar a comunicação com comunidades e indivíduos assexuais brasileiros. A análise teve por base a bibliografia construcionista sobre a sexualidade, com destaque para a Teoria dos Scripts Sexuais dos sociólogos norte-americanos John Gagnon e William Simon, bem como a teoria de gênero de Joan Scott, entre outros/as estudiosos/as da sexualidade na perspectiva construcionista. Os resultados da investigação mostram de que modo os scripts sexo-normativos - diretrizes baseadas em normas sociais que estabelecem o interesse sexual/amoroso como universal e a atividade sexual como compulsória nas relações amorosas, presentes nas construções de sexualidade e gênero - permeiam as experiências de autoidentificação dos/as entrevistados/as, sobretudo, em suas interações na internet e com os pares na instituição escolar. Por um lado, as comunidades virtuais e redes sociais têm um peso significativo na afirmação da assexualidade na contemporaneidade, uma vez que o conceito de assexualidade nasceu e tem se propagado na internet, agregando pessoas do mundo todo em torno da identidade assexual. Por outro lado, a escola se revela local imprescindível para a imposição dos padrões de gênero e sexualidade que chancelam scripts hetero e sexo-normativos, porém, muito ausente em relação ao debate sobre as especificidades da assexualidade e pouco presente na mediação das tensões que podem garantir ou violar o reconhecimento da diversidade sexual em suas ações no âmbito da educação em sexualidade.The purpose of this doctoral research is to understand self-identification trajectories of asexual individuals, giving emphasis to their school experiences and interactions during basic education. This is an exploratory qualitative sociological research, part of school sexual diversity studies, under the perspective of gender. In this research, asexuality is understood as a form of sexuality characterized by the disinterest in sexual activity, which may or may not be accompanied by the lack of interest in romantic relationships. Sexual/romantic disinterest - constructed socially, historically and culturally as a psychological or physiological disorder - has been reinterpreted as of the beginning of the 20th century, as a distinct and legitimate form of sexuality, situated within the broader spectrum of sexual diversity. The emergence of online asexual communities, with varying degrees of mobilization in different countries - including Brazil - has given visibility to this category and has contributed to discussion and research about asexuality. For this research, I interviewed 40 self-identified asexual people 8 face to face interviews and 32 e-mail interviews - who were contacted through Blog Assexualidades, an online research tool created to facilitate communication with Brazilian asexual individuals and communities. The analysis was based on the constructionist literature on sexuality, particularly John Gagnon and William Simons Sexual Script Theory, as well as Joan Scotts gender theory, among other constructionist theorists. Research results show how sexual normative scripts i.e. assumptions based on the universality of sexual/romantic interest and the naturalization of sexual activity in romantic relationships as part of social construction of sexuality and gender - permeate respondents self-identification experiences, particularly in their internet interactions and their peer relations during the school years. On one hand, online communities and social networks play a significant role in the affirmation of asexuality in contemporaneity, taking into consideration the fact that asexuality was created and has expanded on the internet, gathering people from all over the world around an asexual identity. On the other hand, research findings show that the school environment has been essential for the imposition of gender and sexuality standards that legitimate sexual and heteronormative scripts. However, the school institution has been neglectful about the discussion of the specificities of asexuality and has been doing very little to mediate the tensions that can either guarantee or violate the recognition of sexual diversity in sexuality education initiatives.
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Oliveira, Rone Peterson Cerqueira. "Predi????o da prematuridade em gestantes com suspeita de trabalho de parto prematuro." Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa??de P??blica, 2018. http://www7.bahiana.edu.br//jspui/handle/bahiana/2593.
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Apenas uma propor????o das pacientes com sintomas de trabalho de parto prematuro inicial evolui para nascimento antes de 37 semanas. Uma melhor predi????o da ocorr??ncia dessas condi????es pode prevenir internamentos desnecess??rios e focar mais aten????o ??s pacientes de maior risco, tornando o sistema de sa??de mais eficiente. Objetivo: Identificar preditores e construir um modelo probabil??stico para parto antes de 37 semanas em gestantes com amea??a de parto prematuro. M??todos: Estudo de coorte prospectiva, incluindo 57 gestantes entre 24 a 34 semanas com contra????es regulares e dilata????o cervical de at?? 3 cm. Fatores de risco cl??nicos para prematuridade e o comprimento cervical foram pesquisados em todas as pacientes, realizando analise univariada e multivariada para identificar a associa????o com os desfechos analisados. Resultados: Das gestantes estudadas, 27 (47%) evolu??ram para parto antes de 37 semanas. O etil??smo, tabagismo, uso de drogas, nuliparidade, m??todo de avalia????o da contra????o, cervicometria e presen??a de afunilamento ou sludge demonstraram potencial associa????o com este desfecho, por??m apenas a cervicometria permaneceu no modelo de predi????o final, com Odds Ratio de 0,90 (IC 95%, 0,85 a 0,95), com ??rea sob a curva ROC de 0,82 (IC 95%, 0,70 a 0,91). O melhor ponto de corte obtido foi de 16,5 mm para nascimento antes de 37 semanas (sensibilidade de 66,7%, especificidade de 86,7%, raz??o de probabilidade positiva de 5,0 e negativa de 0,38). Conclus??o: Em gestantes com sintomas de trabalho de parto prematuro inicial, sem rotura de membranas, o m??todo da cervicometria ?? o ??nico preditor independente de parto prematuro e geralmente os marcadores cl??nicos n??o s??o capazes de aprimorar sua acur??cia. A cervicometria apresenta rela????o inversa com a ocorr??ncia de prematuridade, com valores baixos aumentando o risco de nascimento prematuro. Embora n??o exista uma garantia absoluta da ocorr??ncia ou n??o deste desfecho, o m??todo apresenta bom desempenho em popula????es mais carentes, podendo auxiliar no uso adequado de recursos.
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Bronja, Amela [Verfasser], and Oliver J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmitz. "Ursprung des Lebens in tiefreichenden Störungszonen: Analyse von Flüssiginklusionen und Simulationsexperimenten einer Hochdruck-Phasengleichgewichtsanlage / Amela Bronja ; Betreuer: Oliver J. Schmitz." Duisburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223849368/34.
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MacLean, Rebecca Carmean. "Studies on the Molecular Biology of Naegleru Fowleri and Identification of N. Fowleri in the Environment." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1187.
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Naegleria fowleri, a free-living ameboflagellate, is the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Healthy humans sporadically become infected with N. fowleri and develop fatal PAM after recreational or work exposure to freshwater; accordingly, there is a need for monitoring the presence of pathogenic amebeflagellates in public freshwater. The present study was conducted to determine whether a nested PCR assay could be used for detection of N. fowleri in freshwater habitats. PCR analysis was used to test samples from Virginia, Connecticut, Arizona, and Oklahoma for the presence of N. fowleri in lakes, ponds, soil, and domestic water supplies. The amebae were identified in all 4 states from soil and water sources, including domestic water supplies. In addition to identification in the environment, it is also important to determine virulence factors of the ameba. Although virulence factors have not been defined, resistance to complement lysis and production of phospholipases may account for pathogenicity of this ameba. Studies were performed to determine the gene encoding a complement regulatory protein, CD59, found in membrane fractions of N. fowleri. The genome of this organism has not been sequenced, therefore, we have constructed a genomic DNA library to search for putative virulence factors or drug targets. We have performed partial sequencing of 155 plasmids and have identified putative genes for cell motility, chromosome segregation, gene regulation, protein synthesis and degradation, protein regulation, cell signaling, respiration and energy production, membrane synthesis and metabolism, amino acid synthesis, as well as genes with unknown functions. Also, we have identified a putative virulence factor, a patatin-like protein. Patatin has been shown to exhibit phospholipase A2 activity in other organisms and has been shown to be involved in invasion into human tissue in certain pathogens. Northern analysis demonstrated hybridization with N. fowleri RNA at 3kb, but not with RNA from other free-living amebae tested. RT-PCR analysis was positive for pathogenic N. fowleri and negative for nonpathogenic Naegleria spp. Further studies are needed to determine whether the patatin-like protein in N. fowleri serves as a virulence factor and plays a role in invasion in human tissue.
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Oliveira, Lelis Vaz Leite de. "Avifauna em ?reas com diferentes est?dios de conserva??o no Espinha?o Meridional." UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/349.
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Impactos ambientais comprometem direta ou indiretamente a riqueza e estrutura tr?fica da avifauna local e regional e informa??es sobre esta tem?tica s?o escassas para as forma??es do Cerrado, em especial para a o Espinha?o Meridional. Assim, este estudo busca fornecer informa??es sobre a conserva??o, endemismo e estrutura tr?fica da avifauna em forma??es sav?nicas (cerrado t?pico e cerrado rupestre), de tr?s ?reas que se encontram em diferentes est?dios de conserva??o na Serra do Espinha?o Meridional. Em cada ?rea foi pr?-estabelecido um transecto de 5 km, os quais foram visitados mensalmente. Cada uma dessas visitas teve dura??o de oito horas, totalizando 120 horas/ ?rea. Ao percorrer tais transectos, foram registradas todas as aves vistas e/ou ouvidas. Foi avaliado o status de degrada??o de cada ?rea estudada, por meio de uma matriz de impactos e a quantifica??o estrutural da paisagem foi feita por meio de ?ndices de composi??o e configura??o espacial. No Parque Estadual do Biribiri e antigo dep?sito de lixos de Diamantina (BL) foram registradas 123 esp?cies de aves distribu?das em 34 fam?lias. Para o RP foram registradas 88 esp?cies e 28 fam?lias e para a ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental Pau-de-Fruta (PF) foram registradas 76 esp?cies e 23 fam?lias. Considerando que o pior cen?rio de impactos poss?vel, no qual todos os crit?rios est?o com a maior pontua??o alcan??vel some 132, o RP atingiu 25% (33 pontos), o PF 26,5% (35 pontos) e o BL 60,6% (80 pontos). Em rela??o ? estrutura tr?fica n?o houve diferen?as significativas entre as ?reas estudadas tanto para todo o per?odo analisado (H = 5,670; p = 0,127), como para as duas esta??es seca (H = 5,436; p= 0,145) e chuvosa (H = 4,744; p = 0,191) e demonstrou um predom?nio de esp?cies inset?voras, seguidas por frug?voras e on?voras. A insetivoria foi a guilda mais predominante durante as duas esta??es em todos os ambientes estudados. Houve uma consider?vel similaridade da avifauna entre as ?reas. Os padr?es encontrados por este estudo refor?am a necessidade melhor compreens?o de ambientes antropizados, principalmente aqueles em ?reas de forma??es sav?nicas, onde a avifauna indica uma tend?ncia a apresentar maior plasticidade e amplitude ambiental.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.
ABSTRACT Environmental impacts directly or indirectly compromise the richness and trophic structure of local and regional avifauna and information on this subject are scarce for the formations of the Cerrado, especially to the southern Espinha?o. Thus, this study aims to provide information about conservation, endemism and trophic structure of the avifauna in savanna formations (typical cerrado and grasslands) of three areas that are at different stages of conservation in the southern Espinha?o. In each area was pre-established a transect of 5 km, which were visited monthly. Each of these visits lasted eight hours, totaling 120 hours/area. In such transects were recorded all birds seen and / or heard. The deterioration status of each studied by means of an array of structural impacts and quantification of the landscape area was made ??by compounding rates and spatial configuration was evaluated. In the Biribiri State Park and ancient deposit of waste from Diamantina (BL) 123 species of birds distributed in 34 families were recorded. RP for 88 species and 28 families were recorded and the Environmental Protection Area Pau-de-fruit (PF) 76 species and 23 families were recorded. . In the Biribiri State Park and ancient deposit of waste from Diamantina (BL) 123 species of birds distributed in 34 families were recorded. In the Rio Preto State Park (RP) 88 species and 28 families were recorded and at the Environmental Protection Area Pau-de-Fruta (PF) 76 species and 23 families were recorded. Whereas the worst possible impacts, where all criteria are reached with the highest score some 132, RP reached 25% (33 points), PF 26.5% (35 points) and 60.6% BL (80 points). Regarding the trophic structure there were no significant differences among the studied areas for the entire period analyzed both (H = 5.670, p = 0.127) and for the two dry seasons (H = 5.436, p = 0.145) and wet (H = 4,744 p = 0.191) and demonstrated a predominance of insectivores, followed by frugivorous and omnivorous species. The insectivorous guild was most prevalent during the two seasons in all environments studied. There was considerable similarity between the avifauna in the study areas. The patterns found in this study reinforce the need for better understanding of anthropogenic environments, especially those in areas of savanna formations where birdlife indicates a tendency to have higher plasticity and environmental amplitude.
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Nádvorník, Jan. "Kamerový jeřáb." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229436.
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This thesis deals with product design rotating camera crane with variable length telescopic arm. Proposed maximum arm length is 6 [m] with a maximum weight capacity of the camera 8 [kg]. The work deals with the various structural units associated mainly with the issue of the telescopic arm. In individual sections detail the construction of the camera head developed deformation and stress analysis of a telescopic jib.
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Klein, Rodrigo Hickmann. "Amea?as, controle, esfor?o e descontentamento do usu?rio no comportamento seguro em rela??o ? seguran?a da informa??o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5671.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-27The popularization of softwares intended to mitigate the threats to Information Security ended up producing an incorrect notion that such artifacts can protect organizations from attack and overcome any threat. This mistaken notion may be caused by obtaining partial information on the subject or the lack of adequate awareness, being a human factor that can cause increased vulnerability, because induce a reckless behavior of users in relation to Information Systems. However, only the misconception regarding the perception of the threat and its severity does not justify the in Information Security breaches caused by human factors. Another important insight is the perceived exertion of performing actions that lead to responsible behavior in relation to Information Security, which added to aspects such as indifference to the rules of information security and human error can also be inducing factors of vulnerability and breaches in Information Security. In the present study we opted for the grounding in theories on Information Security through a behavioral approach to the user. The combination of the key concepts of these theories, previously validated in their research and applied to the present study approach, was used in order to understand the extent to which human perception of threat, stress, and disgruntlement control can induce responsible behavior before the Information Security and how that human behavior can generate vulnerability and potential breaches in Information Security. The results showed that there is an influence of Information Security orientation, provided by organizations in the perception and severity of the threat. Furthermore, by applying the linear regression technique, it was verified the relationship between disgruntlement and in relation to Information Security Safe Behaviour. Based on these findings contributions to the academic and practioneer knowledge were developed
A populariza??o de softwares que visam mitigar as amea?as ? Seguran?a da Informa??o acabou produzindo uma no??o exacerbada nos usu?rios a respeito da plena efic?cia desses softwares na prote??o das organiza??es e na supress?o de qualquer amea?a. Essa no??o equivocada pode ser originada pela obten??o de informa??es parciais sobre o assunto, ou pela falta da conscientiza??o adequada, e ? um fator humano que pode provocar acr?scimo de vulnerabilidade, pois ocasiona um comportamento imprudente dos usu?rios em rela??o aos Sistemas de Informa??o. Entretanto, somente o equ?voco em rela??o ? percep??o da amea?a e a sua severidade n?o explica as brechas na Seguran?a da Informa??o provocadas por fatores humanos. Outra percep??o importante ? o esfor?o percebido no cumprimento de a??es que conduzem a um comportamento respons?vel em rela??o ? Seguran?a da Informa??o, que somados aos aspectos como a indiferen?a ?s orienta??es da Seguran?a da Informa??o e o erro humano, tamb?m podem ser fatores indutores de vulnerabilidade e brechas na Seguran?a da Informa??o. Na presente pesquisa optou-se pelo embasamento em teorias que tratam da Seguran?a da Informa??o atrav?s de uma abordagem comportamental do usu?rio. A combina??o dos principais conceitos dessas teorias, previamente validados em suas respectivas pesquisas e aplic?veis ? abordagem da presente pesquisa, foi utilizada buscando compreender at? que ponto a percep??o humana sobre amea?a, esfor?o, controle e o descontentamento podem induzir a um comportamento respons?vel perante a Seguran?a da Informa??o e como esse comportamento humano pode gerar vulnerabilidade e poss?veis viola??es na Seguran?a da Informa??o. Os resultados demonstraram que h? influ?ncia da orienta??o em Seguran?a da informa??o, fornecida pelas organiza??es, na percep??o e severidade da amea?a. Al?m disso, atrav?s da aplica??o da t?cnica de regress?o linear, foi verificada a rela??o entre o descontentamento e o Comportamento Seguro em rela??o ? Seguran?a da Informa??o. Com base nesses resultados foram elaboradas contribui??es para o conhecimento acad?mico e gerencial
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Carvalho, Andresa Karla Silva. "O trabalho dos carroceiros na cidade de Natal: cotidiano, pol?tica e emo??es em torno de uma atividade amea?ada." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ANTROPOLOGIA SOCIAL, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22618.
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O processo cont?nuo de urbaniza??o aparece como um elemento motivador de conflitos em torno do que pode ser permitido ou n?o nos espa?os que constituem as cidades. ? o caso do uso tradicional de carro?as movidas ? tra??o animal, que vem sendo fortemente questionado e inclusive progressivamente proibido em muitas capitais brasileiras. Em Natal (RN), ocorre o mesmo processo, cuja proibi??o est? sendo determinada atrav?s da implanta??o da Pol?tica Municipal de Retirada de Ve?culos de Tra??o Animal (PMRVTA), que, at? o momento desta pesquisa, ainda est? em fase de discuss?o. A constru??o dessa proposta de pol?tica p?blica conta com a participa??o de uma rela??o extensa e bastante heterog?nea de agentes e institui??es que conflitam com uma diversidade de pessoas que fazem uso das carro?as para diferentes fins, por?m, destacando-se sobretudo o uso para o trabalho. Dessa forma, diante de um quadro onde esta forma de trabalho encontra-se amea?ada por questionamentos e den?ncias de diversos segmentos, buscamos compreender: quais s?o as pr?ticas, dilemas e impactos sociais que est?o sendo vivenciados por carroceiros em Natal? Nesse sentido, pretendeu-se, atrav?s de pesquisa etnogr?fica (utilizando-se de observa??o participante, entrevistas e an?lise de documentos) apresentar o universo de experi?ncias dessas pessoas, analisando os conflitos existentes em torno do uso de carro?as e do trabalho a ele relacionado. Consideramos como se processam as din?micas de conflito a envolver os mais diversos agentes do poder p?blico, al?m de especialistas e ativistas/ONGs de defesa dos animais, principalmente, e os carroceiros, que refletem disputas e rela??es de poder profundamente desiguais neste jogo que ? a pr?pria constru??o da PMRVTA. Percebemos como as moralidades e emo??es, associadas ?s pretens?es de modernidade e urbanidade, s?o elementos que se destacam neste campo, repercutindo de forma s?ria nas vidas de carroceiros, cuja m?xima encontrada na elabora??o desta pol?tica p?blica concorre para desestruturar profundamente um mundo social espec?fico, no qual a rela??o entre os humanos e seus animais ? elemento fundamental para especialmente sustento e deslocamento das fam?lias.
The continuous process of urbanization seems to be a stimulus to conflicts in relation to what can be allowed or not in urban spaces. This is the case of traditional use of carts moved by animal traction, which has been strongly questioned and progressively banned in many Brazilian cities. In Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), the same process occurs and this prohibition is determined by the implementation of the Municipal Policy for the Removal of Animal Traction Vehicles (so called PMRVTA), which is still under discussion. The formulation of a public policy proposal has been developed with the participation of a large and very heterogeneous number of agents and institutions which get into conflict with a diversity of people who use animal carts for different aims, although many people drive animal carts as their main job. While we consider that this kind of work is threatened by complaints and public denunciations made by different social segments, this Master dissertation aims to understand the practices, dilemmas and social impact undertaken by animal cart workers in Natal. Conducting an ethnographic fieldwork, which was mostly based on participant observation, in-depth interviews and document analysis, we have intended to present the world of experiences lived by these cart workers. Meanwhile we analyze the conflicts related to the work with animal carts as well as the specificity concerning this job. We consider the dynamics of social conflict among many different public authorities and agents, specialists, above all animal protection activists and NGOs, besides the animal cart workers. All these conflict demonstrate disputes and deeply unequal power relations in regard to the discussion and formulation of the PMRVTA. In addition, we intend to understand how moralities and emotions, associated to claims for modernity and urban life, are highlighted in this social field and, therefore, they might strongly affect animal cart workers lives. Ideas related to this public policy disturb a particular social world, which is based on the profound relationship between humans and their animals through which family care and transport are conditioned.
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Amaka-Otchere, Akosua Baah Kwarteng Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Kohlmeyer, and Einhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schmidt-Kallert. "Decentralised options für energy supply for sustainable economic development in rural Ghana / Akosua Baah Kwarteng Amaka-Otchere. Betreuer: Christoph Kohlmeyer. Gutachter: Einhard Schmidt-Kallert." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1098188403/34.
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Amaka-Otchere, Akosua Baah Kwarteng [Verfasser], Christoph Akademischer Betreuer] Kohlmeyer, and Einhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schmidt-Kallert. "Decentralised options für energy supply for sustainable economic development in rural Ghana / Akosua Baah Kwarteng Amaka-Otchere. Betreuer: Christoph Kohlmeyer. Gutachter: Einhard Schmidt-Kallert." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1098188403/34.
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Sabag, Matilla Andrea Verónica. "Análisis comparativo de los genes involucrados en la supervivencia intracelular de Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium en macrófagos murinos y en la ameba Dictyostelium discoideum." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151424.
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Tesis presentada a la Universidad de Chile para optar al Grado Académico de Magíster en Bioquímica, área de especialización en Bioquímica Clínica, y Memoria para optar al Título de BioquímicoSalmonella es un patógeno intracelular capaz de generar cuadros clínicos que incluyen desde una enteritis autolimitada hasta infecciones sistémicas que pueden provocar la muerte del hospedero. Una vez dentro del organismo, la bacteria atraviesa la barrera epitelial intestinal e interactúa con células fagocíticas profesionales del sistema inmune innato, causando una respuesta inflamatoria local que culmina en la excreción del patógeno al medio ambiente. La patogenicidad de Salmonella se debe principalmente a su capacidad de sobrevivir dentro de macrófagos y células dendríticas, los cuales participan como vectores de diseminación dentro del hospedero. Los mecanismos utilizados por esta bacteria para permanecer y replicarse dentro de los macrófagos han sido ampliamente estudiados y descritos en la literatura. Sin embargo, existe escasa información referente a los mecanismos de supervivencia que emplea en otros estadíos de su ciclo de vida. Por ejemplo, en el medio ambiente Salmonella interactúa con otras células fagocíticas eucariontes capaces de alimentarse de bacterias y hongos. Entre ellas destacan las amebas, que utilizan mecanismos de endocitosis y degradación bacteriana similares a los utilizados por células del sistema inmune innato. En esta tesis, nos propusimos identificar un conjunto común de genes requeridos para la supervivencia intracelular de Salmonella Typhimurium en macrófagos murinos y en la ameba Dictyostelium discoideum. Este estudio se realizó mediante el análisis masivo de mutantes bajo selección negativa utilizando distintas genotecas de mutantes. La detección de aquellas mutantes que presentaron defectos en la supervivencia intracelular en ambas células fagocíticas se realizó mediante secuenciación masiva de DNA. En primera instancia, logramos identificar mutantes en 719 genes de S. Typhimurium bajo selección negativa en macrófagos murinos. Entre ellos, se encontraron genes codificados en islas de patogenicidad conservadas dentro Salmonella, genes relacionados con biosíntesis y transporte de aminoácidos y carbohidratos, genes relacionados con reguladores de respuesta a estímulos externos, genes involucrados en la biosíntesis y modificación del lipopolisacárido (LPS) y genes relacionados con estrés nutricional y oxidativo, entre otros. Al comparar estos datos con una base de datos de mutantes con defectos en la supervivencia intracelular en D. discoideum generada en nuestro laboratorio, logramos identificar mutantes en 213 genes de S. Typhimurium que serían necesarios para la supervivencia intracelular del patógeno en ambas células fagocíticas. Dentro de este grupo encontramos genes codificados en islas de patogenicidad conservadas del género Salmonella (SPI-1 y SPI-3), genes involucrados en la captación de hierro (iroC, iroN y feoB), genes relacionados con la respuesta a estrés por hambruna y pH ácido (spoT y adiY) y genes asociados a la biosíntesis y modificación del LPS (waaB, waaI, waaJ, waaL, waaZ, wbaC, wbaK, wbaM, wbaN, wbaD, oafA, wzzfepE y genes del operón arn), entre otros. Con el propósito de confirmar algunas de las predicciones obtenida a partir de nuestro análisis comparativo, se escogieron mutantes relacionadas con la biosíntesis y modificación del LPS y se evaluó su supervivencia intracelular en ambos modelos de infección. Nuestros resultados demostraron que las mutantes ΔwaaL, ΔwzzST y ΔarnBCADTEF presentaron defectos en la supervivencia intracelular en macrófagos murinos y D. discoideum. Por lo tanto, la presencia de un LPS completo que posea 16 a 35 unidades de AgO (L-AgO) sería necesario para la supervivencia de este patógeno en macrófagos murinos y D. discoideum. De igual forma, la modificación del LPS correspondiente a la adición de un grupo 4-aminoarabinosa al lípido A contribuiría a la supervivencia intracelular de S. Typhimurium en ambas células fagocíticas. En conjunto, los resultados de esta tesis constituyen un primer acercamiento a los mecanismos moleculares empleados por S. Typhimurium para sobrevivir en reservorios tan distintos como mamíferos y protozoos ambientales
Salmonella is an intracellular pathogen that causes a variety of illnesses ranging from self-limiting gastroenteritis to severe systemic infections that can cause the death of the host. Once inside the organism, these bacteria can cross the epithelial barrier and interact with professional phagocytic cells of the innate immune system, causing a local inflammatory response which culminates in the excretion of the pathogen to the environment. The pathogenicity of Salmonella is associated with its ability to survive in macrophages and dendritic cells, which can act as dissemination vectors inside the host. The molecular mechanisms used for these bacteria to survive and replicate in macrophages have been widely studied. However, no in-depth study has been conducted in order to understand the molecular mechanisms required for Salmonella survival in other stages of its life cycle. For instance, in the environment Salmonella interacts with other phagocytic cells that feed on bacteria and fungus. Among these, the amoebae use similar endocytic and degradation mechanisms to those described in innate immune cells. In this thesis, we aimed to identify a common group of genes required for the intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in murine macrophages and the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. To this end, we performed a high-throughput analysis of mutants under negative selection using different mutant libraries. The identification of mutants unable to survive intracellularly in both phagocytic cells was carried out by deep-sequencing. First, we identified 719 mutants of S. Typhimurium under negative selection in murine macrophages. These mutants included genes encoded in pathogenicity islands conserved in the Salmonella genus, genes involved in transport and biosynthesis of amino acids and carbohydrates, genes encoding regulators associated with response to external signals, genes linked to biosynthesis and modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and genes associated to nutritional and oxidative stress, among other. The comparative analysis between the data of this thesis and data obtained in our laboratory that identified mutants with defects in intracellular survival in D. discoideum, allow us the identification of mutants in 213 genes of S. Typhimurium required to survive intracellularly in both phagocytic cells. Within this group, we found genes encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 and SPI-3), genes involved in iron uptake (iroC, iroN and feoB), genes related with response to starvation and acid pH (spoT and adiY) and genes associated to LPS biosynthesis and modification (waaB, waaI, waaJ, waaL, waaZ, wbaC, wbaK, wbaM, wbaN, wbaD, oafA, wzzfepE and genes in the arn operon), among other. To confirm predictions from our comparative analysis, we choose mutants involved in LPS biosynthesis and evaluated their intracellular survival in both infection models. We demonstrated that mutants ΔwaaL, ΔwzzST and ΔarnBCADTEF are deficient in intracellular survival in murine macrophages and D. discoideum. Hence, a complete LPS containing 16 to 35 AgO units (L-AgO) would be necessary for survival of this pathogen in murine macrophages and D. discoideum. Similarly, a modified LPS containing 4-deoxy-aminoarabinose bound to lipid A would contribute to the intracellular survival of S. Typhimurium in both phagocytic cells. Overall, our results constitute a first step towards understanding the molecular mechanisms exploited by S. Typhimurium in order to survive in strikingly different niches such as mammalians and environmental protozoa
Fondecyt; Conicyt
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Ferreira, Maryane Christina Silva Damasceno. "Influ?ncia da fragmenta??o na ocorr?ncia de tr?s primatas neotropicais amea?ados de extin??o no Nordeste do Brasil." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ECOLOGIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23919.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
As esp?cies de primata brasileiros Callicebus barbarabrownae, Callicebus coimbrai e Sapajus xanthosternos est?o amea?adas de extin??o. Uma das causas desse cen?rio ? a fragmenta??o das ?reas de ocorr?ncia dessas esp?cies na Caatinga e Mata Atl?ntica. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou a) caracterizar os fragmentos com ocorr?ncia para cada uma das tr?s esp?cies; b) comparar os fragmentos da ?rea de ocupa??o com os demais fragmentos de sua extens?o de ocorr?ncia onde cada esp?cie est? inserida; c) compar?-los entre si quanto as caracter?sticas dos fragmentos, considerando as diferen?as inerentes a cada esp?cie e a cada bioma. Para identificar os fragmentos florestais da extens?o de ocorr?ncia de cada esp?cie e identificar os fragmentos com presen?a confirmada utilizou-se registros de ocorr?ncias das esp?cies obtidas atrav?s de levantamento bibliogr?fico e imagens de sat?lite de ?ndice de Vegeta??o da Diferen?a Normalizada (NDVI) disponibilizadas por Hansen et al (2013). Para caracterizar os fragmentos foram utilizadas v?rias m?tricas da paisagem de forma e isolamento. As tr?s esp?cies de primatas ocorreram usualmente em fragmentos pequenos, regulares e com bordas complexas. Entretanto, quando se comparou com as suas respectivas ?reas de extens?o de ocorr?ncia, as tr?s esp?cies estudadas usualmente ocorreram em fragmentos com maior ?rea, forma mais regular, bordas mais complexas e muito isolados, demonstrando que essas caracter?sticas do fragmento s?o importantes para a ocorr?ncia desses primatas. Para C. coimbrai o tamanho do fragmento vizinho mais pr?ximo mostrou-se mais importante que o isolamento. Seus fragmentos com ocorr?ncia tiveram maior ?ndice de proximidade que os fragmentos de sua extens?o de ocorr?ncia, o que infere em uma maior presen?a de fragmentos na matriz. Dentre as caracter?sticas analisadas dos fragmentos a forma (per?metro/?rea e complexidade da borda) foi a mais determinante na ocorr?ncia dessas tr?s esp?cies de primatas em ambientes fragmentados. Depois da forma, as vari?veis explicativas mais importantes foram ?rea e isolamento (para C. coimbrai). Ao comparar as tr?s esp?cies, observou-se que C. barbarabrownae habita fragmentos menores, mais regulares, com bordas menos complexas e mais isolados que as outras duas esp?cies, possivelmente por s? habitar um bioma com diferente hist?rico de ocupa??o e altera??o, a Caatinga, enquanto as outras duas esp?cies que ocorrem predominantemente ou somente na Mata Atl?ntica. C. coimbrai e S. xanthosternos apresentaram fragmentos com ocorr?ncia com caracter?sticas de forma e isolamento semelhantes, possivelmente por habitarem um mesmo bioma altamente fragmentado, embora tenham diferen?as tanto no uso como em requerimentos de recursos. Portanto, esses tr?s primatas requerem a cria??o de unidades de conserva??o que protejam fragmentos que tenham as caracter?sticas de forma, ?rea e isolamento que determinam suas presen?as e a cria??o de corredores ecol?gicos para aumentar a conectividade entre os fragmentos, visto o grande isolamento dos fragmentos de suas respectivas ?reas de ocupa??o.
The species of Brazilian primates Callicebus barbarabrownae, Callicebus coimbrai and Sapajus xanthosternos are at risk of extinction. One of the causes of this scenario is the fragmentation of the areas of occurrence of these species in the Caatinga and Mata Atl?ntica. In this context, the present study has as objective a) characterize the fragments with occurrence to each one of these three species; b) compare the fragments of the area of occupation with the other of its extension of occurrence where each specie is covered; c) compare the three species about the characteristics of the fragments, taking the inherent differences to each specie and each biome. To identify the forest fragments of the extension of occurrence of each species and identify the fragments with confirmed presence it was utilized records of occurrence of the species and images of satellite of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) shared by Hansen at al (2013). To characterize the fragments were utilized several metrics of the landscape, of form and of isolation. These three species of primates usually occurred in small, regular and with complex borders fragments. However, when it was compared with their respective extension of occurrence areas, the three studied species usually occurred in fragments with bigger area, more regular form and more complex and too isolated borders, demonstrating that these primates do not occur by coincidence. To C. coimbrai the size of the nearest neighboring fragment showed as more important than isolation. Their fragments with occurrence have bigger rate of proximity than the fragments of extension of occurrence, what infer in a bigger presence of fragments in the matrix. Among the analyzed characteristics of the fragments, the form (perimeter/area and complexity of the border) was the most determined in the occurrence of these three species of primates in fragmented environments. After the form, the most important explanatory variables were area and isolation (to C. coimbrai). When the there species were compared, it was observed that C. barbarabrownae had inhabited smaller and more regular areas, with less complex borders and more isolated than other two species, possibly because of its inhabitation in Caatinga, when the other two species predominately or just occurred in Mata Atl?ntica. C. coimbrai and S. xanthosternos showed fragments with similar occurrence about their characteristics of form and isolation, possibly because they have inhabited the same over-fragmented habitat despite that they have differences not only in the use, as in the requirement of resources. Thus, these three primates require require the creation of unites of conservation that protect fragments that has the characteristics of form, area and isolation that determine their presences and the creation of ecological corridors to increase the connectivity among the fragments, that has seen the large isolation of the fragments in their respective areas of occupation.
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Keserovic, Amela [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Tröger, Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] BäßLer, and Ernst [Akademischer Betreuer] Huenges. "Geothermal systems in Indonesia : influence on the corrosion resistance of stainless steel materials / Amela Keserovic. Gutachter: Ralph Bäßler ; Uwe Tröger ; Ernst Huenges. Betreuer: Uwe Tröger." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066546630/34.
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Bila, Neyla Ivanete Gomes de Farias Alves. "A banaliza??o da injusti?a social no cotidiano de trabalho : a prop?sito da viol?ncia no trabalho e amea?a ? sa?de do trabalhador." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14667.
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Previous issue date: 2008-12-29Analyzes the factors that unleash violence by banalization of the problems and health questions of workers in a federal public institution, in Natal/RN. It analyzes transformations in the world of the work, with its politic, social and economic determinatives and its relation to the worker health. Boarding the violence in the work enviroment and its implications to the worker health, focusing on the banalization of problems faced by the workers as a kind of violence in and with the work. It was chosen an analitic methodology with qualitative approach, through the collection tecnic and information analyzes according to the thematic oral history, with recorders of authorized personal narratives, through individual interview with a semi-structured guide. In the analyzis of results it were made empiric cathegories: the daily work enviroment and its influence to the worker profession and life; the violence presents in the work enviroment and its consequences to the worker life and health; the banalization of the social injustice, due to violence against the worker that broked their dreams concerned to the nursing contribution. The results revealed the ordinary work of these workers showing enviromental and organizational unhealthy conditions, caracterized by physical and tecnical insecurity; absence and disqualification of instrumental and human supplies; overload and complexity service; bad distribution of the duties and pressure to the deadline and productivity, producing tension, conflict and anxiety related to the users, colleagues, superiors and to the duties. In the work enviroment, it were identified a external violence, caracterized by physical and verbal aggresion, psychic suffering, worker depreciation; and internal, caracterized by: moral and psychological molestations and accupational structural violence. These kinds of violence bring consequences to the life, that is, professional, economic and moral order of factors and to the health by biological, mental and emocional factors. The banalization of social injustice during the daily work was discussed in the aspects of banalization of problems and work conditions, the health, qualification banalizations and professional valorization. The workers expectatives pointed out to the necessity of: secure conditions of work; trainning and tecnical assistance; politics of attention to the physical, mental and social health to the workers and their family. We conclude the enviromental and organizational conditions of the workers interviewed do not offer physical and tecnical security that they need to the execution of their activities, neither offer comfort or physical and psychological satisfactions. The politic the instituition has used points out to the depreciation and inhumanization of them producing feelings as unsatisfaction, frustation and indignation related to the institution and the work, bringing suffering and physical and mental sicking. We noticed the most terrible violence found in the work enviroment is the banalization of social injustice related do the problems and health of these workers, producing a slowly debility and simbolic death of their lifes. Therefore, it is necessary the implementation of a politic that promotes assurance, health and integral education, valorization and humanization of these workers
Analisa os fatores que desencadeiam viol?ncia pela banaliza??o dos problemas e das quest?es da sa?de dos trabalhadores em uma institui??o p?blica federal, em Natal/RN. Analisa as transforma??es no mundo do trabalho, com seus determinantes pol?ticos, sociais e econ?micos e sua rela??o com a sa?de do trabalhador. Aborda a viol?ncia no ambiente de trabalho e suas implica??es na sa?de do trabalhador, enfocando a banaliza??o dos problemas enfrentados por esses trabalhadores como uma forma de viol?ncia no e com o trabalho. Foi utilizada metodologia anal?tica com abordagem qualitativa, atrav?s da t?cnica de coleta e an?lise de informa??es segundo a hist?ria oral tem?tica, com grava??es consentidas de narrativas pessoais, atrav?s da entrevista individual com roteiro semi-estruturado. Na an?lise dos resultados foram constru?das as categorias emp?ricas: o cotidiano no ambiente de trabalho e sua influ?ncia na profiss?o e na vida dos trabalhadores; a viol?ncia presente no ambiente de trabalho e suas conseq??ncias na vida e na sa?de dos trabalhadores; a banaliza??o da injusti?a social, a prop?sito da viol?ncia contra o trabalhador e sonhos divisados, a prop?sito da contribui??o da enfermagem. Os resultados revelam que o cotidiano de trabalho desses trabalhadores, apresentam condi??o ambiental e organizacional insalubres, caracterizada pela inseguran?a f?sica e t?cnica; falta e desqualifica??o de recursos instrumentais e humanos; sobrecarga e complexidade do servi?o; m? distribui??o das tarefas e press?o por prazo e produtividade, gerando tens?o, conflito e ansiedade relacionados com os usu?rios, colegas, superiores, e com a tarefa. No ambiente de trabalho foram identificadas a viol?ncia externa, caracterizada por agress?o f?sica e verbal, sofrimento ps?quico e desvaloriza??o do trabalhador e interna, caracterizada por ass?dio moral, ass?dio psicol?gico, e viol?ncia estrutural ocupacional. Essas formas de viol?ncia trazem conseq??ncias ? vida, explicitadas por fatores de ordem profissional, econ?mica e moral, e ? sa?de, por fatores de ordem biol?gica, mental e emocional. A banaliza??o da injusti?a social no cotidiano de trabalho foi discutida nos aspectos da banaliza??o dos problemas e das condi??es de trabalho, da banaliza??o da sa?de, e da banaliza??o da qualifica??o e valoriza??o profissional. As expectativas dos trabalhadores apontaram para a necessidade de: condi??es de trabalho seguras; treinamentos e assist?ncia t?cnica; pol?tica de aten??o a sa?de f?sica, mental e social para os trabalhadores, extensiva ? fam?lia. Conclui-se que as condi??es ambientais e organizacionais dos trabalhadores pesquisados, n?o oferecem seguran?a f?sica e t?cnica de que os trabalhadores necessitam para a execu??o de suas atividades, nem oferecem conforto e bem-estar f?sico e ps?quico. A pol?tica que vem sendo utilizada pela institui??o, aponta para a desvaloriza??o e desumaniza??o destes, acarretando sentimento de insatisfa??o, frustra??o e indigna??o com respeito a institui??o e ao trabalho, acarretando sofrimento e adoecimento f?sico e mental. Constatou-se que a forma mais cruel de viol?ncia presente no ambiente de trabalho ? a banaliza??o da injusti?a social diante dos problemas e sa?de desses trabalhadores, gerando padecimento lento e morte simb?lica de seus sonhos e de suas vidas. Portanto faz-se necess?rio a implementa??o de uma pol?tica que promova seguran?a, sa?de, educa??o integral, valoriza??o e humaniza??o desses trabalhadores.
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Balicevac, Amela [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Sandmann, and Detlef [Akademischer Betreuer] Kindgen-Milles. "Untersuchungen zur renalen Protektion bei thorakoabdominellem Gefäßersatz: Anwendung der Bi-Subclavia-links-Illiaca-externa temporären Shunt- und der internen temporären aortoaortalen Shunt-Technik / Amela Balicevac. Gutachter: Detlef Kindgen-Milles. Betreuer: Wilhelm Sandmann." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051734665/34.
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Raposo, Renato Astolfi. "Análise de interações da subunidade catalítica da fosfatase do tipo 1 (PP1c) de Dictyostelium discoideum identificadas através do sistema de duplo-híbrido em leveduras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-14052013-102905/.
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A proteína fosfatase do tipo-1 (PP1) é uma das principais proteínas serina/treonina fosfatases (PSTPs) e desempenha papeis fisiológicos tão diversos quanto importantes, tais como a regulação do metabolismo de carboidratos e do ciclo celular. A holoenzima PP1 é constituída por uma subunidade catalítica conservada (PP1c) que está associada a subunidades não-catalíticas que modulam sua localização subcelular, especificidade de substrato e atividade enzimática. Mais de 100 proteínas que interagem com a PP1c já foram identificadas em distintos organismos eucarióticos. Proteínas que interagem com a PP1c são, portanto, a chave para compreender os diferentes papéis biológicos da PP1. A subunidade catalítica da PP1 da ameba social Dictyostelium discoideum (DdPP1c) é codificada por um gene em cópia única o qual é expresso ao longo de todo o ciclo de vida desse organismo. Algumas proteínas que interagem e possivelmente modulam a atividade da PP1 de D. discoideum já foram identificadas, utilizando-se tanto buscas por similaridades na sequência genômica deste microorganismo como ensaios utilizando o sistema de duplo-híbrido em leveduras, utilizando-se a PP1c como isca. Com esta última abordagem, foram selecionados mais de 25 clones distintos de cDNA que codificam proteínas que potencialmente interagem com a DdPP1c, após varreduras de bibliotecas de cDNA de diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento de D. discoideum. Neste trabalho, nós confirmamos que o produto protéico de 11 destes clones interagem com a isca DdPP1c com base em novos ensaios de duplo-híbrido. Os demais clones codificam proteínas que não interagem com DdPP1c ou promovem auto-ativação do gene repórter. Selecionamos para estudos adicionais um clone do gene DDB_G0269300 cujo produto protéico predito de 423 de aminoácidos não tem função ainda conhecida. A sequência codificadora completa de DDB_G0269300 foi clonada para realização de novos ensaios de duplo-híbrido em leveduras, os quais confirmaram a especificidade de sua interação com DdPP1c. A proteína recombinante rDDB_G0269300 foi obtida com sucesso em bactérias, possibilitando a obtenção de anticorpos policlonais em camundongos. O anti-soro anti-rDDB_G0269300 é aparentemente específico no reconhecimento da proteína correspondente em extratos celulares de D. discoideum coletados em 12h e 16 da fase de desenvolvimento. Estes resultados coincidem com dados obtidos através de RT-qPCR que mostram aumento nos níveis dos transcritos de DDB_G0269300 entre 8h e 12h da fase de desenvolvimento, o que é indicativo da sua importância desta proteína durante esta fase do ciclo de vida de Dictyostelium como uma potencial parceira molecular da DdPP1cProtein phosphatase type-1 (PP1) is a major protein serine/threonine phosphatase (PSTP) which plays as diverse as important physiological roles, such as regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and of cell cycle. The PP1 holoenzyme comprises a conserved catalytic subunit (PP1c) associated with non-catalytic subunits that modulate its subcellular localization, substrate specificity and enzymatic activity. More than 100 proteins that interact with PP1c have been identified in different eukaryotic organisms. Therefore proteins that interact with PP1c are key to the understanding of PP1 different biological roles. The catalytic subunit of PP1 the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum (DdPP1c) is encoded by a single copy gene which is expressed throughout the life cycle of this organism. Some proteins that interact with and possibly modulate the activity of D. discoideum PP1 have been identified, using both similarity searches in the genome sequence of this microorganism as yeast two-hybrid screenings using PP1c as bait. With the latter approach, we have selected more than 25 distinct cDNA clones encoding proteins that potentially interact with DdPP1c after screening D. discoideum cDNA libraries from different developmental stages. In this study, we confirmed that the protein product from 11 of these clones interact with the bait DdPP1c based on two-hybrid assays. The other clones encode proteins that either does not interact or promote self-activation of the reporter gene. The clone related to DDB_G0269300 gene that encodes a predicted protein of 423 amino acids with unknown function was selected for further studies. DDB_G0269300 full-length coding sequence was cloned and new yeast two-hybrid assays were performed confirming the specificity of the interaction with DdPP1c. The recombinant protein rDDB_G0269300 was successfully obtained in bacteria and further used for polyclonal antibodies production in mice. The antiserum anti-rDDB_G0269300 is apparently specific for recognition of the corresponding protein in D. discoideum cell extracts collected after 12h and 16h of development. These results agree with RT-qPCR data showing that the levels of DDB_G0269300 transcripts are increased between 8 h and 12 h during the development, which is indicative of its importance during this phase in Dictyostelium life cycle as a DdPP1c potential molecular partner.
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Corrêa, Thaila Quatrini. "Efeito de diferentes fotossensibilizadores no controle de Acanthamoeba polyphaga in vitro." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7030.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-29Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The photodynamic inactivation (PDI), used for biological control of microorganisms, involves the action of a photosensitizer (PS), activated by visible light, in order to oxidize organic substrates, resulting in cytotoxic effect. The control of free-living amoebae is important both for its pathogenicity and its microorganisms harboring. Additionally, some species may develop serious infections in humans. The present study evaluated the in vitro effectiveness of PDI in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Salt of curcuminoids, curcumin, methylene blue and Photogem® were used as FS. Besides, this study intended to observe morphological changes caused by the salt of curcuminoids in the microorganism. The samples were grown at 37 ºC in PYG medium for a period of 48 to 72 hours. Curcumin was solubilized in 1 mL DMSO and further diluted in distilled water to obtain final concentrations. The other PS s were directly solubilized in distilled water. The irradiation light-emitting diodes were used at wavelengths 460 and 630 nm at doses of 30 and 50 J/cm2. After treatments, resazurin was added to evaluate the respiratory activity of A. polyphaga and the samples were incubated at 37 °C for 4 hours. The fluorescence intensity was measured in a fluorescence spectrophotometer. In PDI with salt of curcuminoids at concentrations 500, 1000 and 1500 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 27.7%, 61.4% and 82.5% at 30 J/cm2 and 75.2%, 85.0% and 95.9% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. In PDI with curcumin at concentrations 35, 70 and 140 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 16.2%, 24.0% and 25.7% at 30 J/cm2, and 25.4%, 28.3 % and 30.5% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. In PDI with methylene blue at concentrations 24 and 32 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 14.1% and 28.3% at 30 J/cm2, with no reduction in the concentration of 16 µg/mL and 18.7%, 36.9% and 23.9% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. Finally, in PDI with Photogem® at concentrations 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL, there was a reduction of 20.1%, 37.6% and 53.5% at 30 J/cm2, and 17.1%, 38.9% and 57.3% at 50 J/cm2, respectively. The removal of the PS before irradiation showed that the salt of curcuminoids probably didn t stay inside of amoebas, because the reduction obtained previously was not observed in this condition. The PS was toxic to the amoebae in the absence of light, at the concentrations tested, and the isolated use of light showed no phototoxic effect, except the dose of 50 J/cm2 at 460 nm wavelength. The phototoxicity by doses of light together the PS contributed to the death of the amoebae, being more efficient with salt of curcuminoids. The analysis of confocal microscopy images showed that the salt of curcuminoids caused damage in amoebae, confirming its toxicity in the dark. Therefore, it is concluded that contact with only the PS is already able to induce morphological changes in A. polyphaga, leading some of them to death.
A inativação fotodinâmica (IFD), utilizada no controle biológico de microrganismos, envolve a ação de um fotossensibilizador (FS), ativado por luz visível, no intuito de oxidar substratos biológicos, resultando em efeito citotóxico. O controle de amebas de vida livre é importante, tanto pela sua patogenicidade quanto pelo fato de abrigarem microrganismos. Além disso, algumas espécies podem desenvolver sérias infecções em humanos. O presente estudo propôs analisar a efetividade in vitro da IFD em Acanthamoeba polyphaga utilizando sal de curcuminóides, curcumina, azul de metileno e Photogem® como FS, além de observar alterações morfológicas causadas pelo sal de curcuminóides neste microrganismo. As amostras foram cultivadas em meio PYG, incubadas a 37°C por 48 a 72 horas. A curcumina foi solubilizada em 1 mL de DMSO e posteriormente diluída em água destilada para obtenção das concentrações finais. Os demais FS foram solubilizados diretamente em água destilada. Para a irradiação, diodos emissores de luz foram utilizados nos comprimentos de onda 460 e 630 nm, nas doses de 30 e 50 J/cm2. Após os tratamentos, resazurina foi adicionada para avaliar a viabilidade de A. polyphaga, sendo as amostras incubadas a 37°C por 4 horas. A intensidade de fluorescência foi medida em espectrofotômetro de fluorescência. Na IFD com sal de curcuminóides nas concentrações 500, 1000 e 1500 µg/mL, houve redução de 27,7%, 61,4% e 82,5% com 30 J/cm2, e de 75,2%, 85,0% e 95,9% com 50 J/cm2, respectivamente. Já na IFD com curcumina nas concentrações 35, 70 e 140 µg/mL, houve redução de 16,2%, 24,0% e 25,7% com 30 J/cm2, e de 25,4%, 28,3% e 30,5% com 50 J/cm2, respectivamente. Na IFD com azul de metileno nas concentrações 24 e 32µg/mL, houve redução de 14,1% e 28,3% com 30 J/cm2, não havendo redução na concentração de 16 µg/mL e de 18,7%, 36,9% e 23,9% com 50 J/cm2, respectivamente. Por fim, na IFD com Photogem® nas concentrações 50, 100 e 200 µg/mL, houve redução de 20,1%, 37,6% e 53,5% com 30 J/cm2, e de 17,1%, 38,9% e 57,3% com 50 J/cm2, respectivamente. A retirada do FS antes da irradiação mostrou que o sal de curcuminóides provavelmente não permaneceu no interior das amebas, pois a redução obtida anteriormente não foi observada nesta condição. Os FS apresentaram toxicidade para as amebas, na ausência de luz, nas concentrações testadas e o uso isolado da luz não apresentou efeito fototóxico, exceto a dose 50 J/cm2 no comprimento de onda 460 nm. A fototoxicidade proporcionada pelas doses de luz junto aos FS utilizados contribuiu para o efeito de morte das amebas, sendo a IFD eficiente com o sal de curcuminóides. A análise das imagens obtidas pela microscopia confocal mostrou que o sal de curcuminóides causou danos em amebas, confirmando a toxicidade apresentada no escuro. Portanto, conclui-se que apenas o contato com o FS já é capaz de induzir mudanças morfológicas em A. polyphaga, levando algumas células à morte.
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Marinho, Paulo Henrique Dantas. "Gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus tigrinus) na Caatinga: ocupa??o e padr?o de atividade de um fel?deo amea?ado e pouco conhecido na floresta tropical seca do nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20627.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Ao passo que os carn?voros s?o considerados importantes reguladores e estruturadores das comunidades naturais, tamb?m s?o extremamente amea?ados pela a??o antr?pica. Amea?ado de extin??o, o gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus tigrinus) ? uma das esp?cies menos conhecidas entre os felinos neotropicais. Neste trabalho, investigamos a ocupa??o e o padr?o de atividade de L. tigrinus na Caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte, testando: 1) como fatores ambientais e antr?picos influenciam essa ocupa??o e 2) a influ?ncia de fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos na atividade da esp?cie. Para isto foram levantados dados de ocorr?ncia da esp?cie em 10 ?reas priorit?rias para a conserva??o. Para investigar a ocupa??o utilizamos modelos hier?rquicos de ocupa??o baseados em m?xima verossimilhan?a. Os modelos constru?dos representaram hip?teses biol?gicas e foram ranqueados com o uso do Crit?rio de Informa??o de Akaike (AIC). De acordo com os resultados obtidos a ocupa??o da esp?cie ? mais prov?vel distante de assentamentos rurais e em locais com maior propor??o de vegeta??o arb?rea. Os abates oportunistas de L. tigrinus e em retalia??o ? preda??o de aves dom?sticas pr?ximo de ?reas habitadas pode explicar esse resultado; assim como vegeta??es mais complexas estruturalmente podem servir melhor como ref?gio e garantir mais alimento. Analisando os registros da esp?cie atrav?s de estat?stica circular, conclu?mos que o padr?o de atividade do gato-do-mato ? majoritariamente noturno, apesar de uma consider?vel atividade crepuscular e uma pequena atividade diurna. A atividade de L. tigrinus foi diretamente afetada pela disponibilidade de pequenos mam?feros terrestres, que s?o essencialmente noturnos. Al?m disso, as temperaturas registradas no ambiente afetaram direta e indiretamente a atividade da esp?cie, j? que tamb?m condicionam a atividade das suas presas potenciais. Em geral, os gatos estiveram mais ativos quando poss?veis presas estavam ativas, e isto ocorreu durante a noite, quando s?o registradas as menores temperaturas. Por outro lado, as diferentes fases lunares n?o afetaram o padr?o de atividade da esp?cie. Os resultados encontrados melhoram o conhecimento sobre um felino amea?ado que habita a Caatinga, e assim, podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de estrat?gias de conserva??o e manejo da esp?cie, bem como no planejamento de pesquisas futuras neste ecossistema semi?rido.
While the carnivores are considered regulators and structuring of natural communities are also extremely threatened by human activities. Endangered little-spotted-cat (Leopardus tigrinus) is one of the lesser known species from the Neotropical cats. In this work we investigate the occupancy and the activity pattern of L. tigrinus in Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte testing: 1) how environmental and anthropogenic factors influence their occupation and 2) how biotic and abiotic factors influence their activity pattern. For this we raised occurrence data of species in 10 priority areas for conservation. We built hierarchical models of occupancy based on maximum likelihood to represent biological hypotheses which were ranked using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). According to the results the feline occupancy is more likely away from rural settlements and in areas with a higher proportion of woody vegetation. The opportunistic killing of L. tigrinus and in retaliation for poultry predation close to residential areas can explain this result; as well as more complex vegetation structure can better serve as refuge and ensure more food. Analyzing the records of the species through circular statistics we conclude that the activity pattern is mostly nocturnal, although considerable crepuscular and a small diurnal activity. L. tigrinus activity was directly affected by the availability of small terrestrial mammals, which are essentially nocturnal. In addition, the temperatures recorded in the environment directly and indirectly affect the activity of the little-spotted-cat, as also influence the activity of their potential prey. Generally, the cats were more active when possible prey were active, and this happened at night when lower temperatures are recorded. Moreover, the different lunar phases did not affect the activity pattern. The results improve the understanding of an endangered feline inhabiting the Caatinga biome, and thus can help develop conservation and management strategies, as well as in planning future research in this semi-arid ecosystem.
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Fluckiger, Aurélie. "Effet anti-tumoral de l'acide docosahexaénoïque : implication des microARNs et du TNFalpha." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS042/document.
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L’acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA) est un acide gras polyinsaturé oméga-3 avec des propriétés anti-inflammatoires et anti-tumorales. L’effet du DHA dans le cadre du cancer colorectal pourrait être la conséquence d'une action anti-proliférative directe sur les cellules cancéreuses et de sa capacité à réduire l’inflammation propice au développement de la tumeur. Le Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFa) est une cytokine pro-inflammatoire et présente des effets paradoxaux. En fonction du contexte cellulaire, le TNFa activera une voie de signalisation dépendante de la kinase RIP1 engageant la cellule cancéreuse vers la prolifération ou la mort cellulaire. Notre objectif fut d'évaluer le rôle du TNFa dans l'effet anti-prolifératif du DHA sur des cellules cancéreuses coliques et de préciser les mécanismes moléculaires régulant l'expression de cette cytokine. Le DHA induit l'expression de TNFa et sa sécrétion par les cellules cancéreuses. Nous avons montré que des anticorps neutralisant l'action autocrine du TNFa sur les cellules cancéreuses prévenait l'effet pro-apoptotique du DHA et abolissait l'effet anti-cancéreux observé dans des souris nude avec tumeurs HCT-116 sous régime DHA. L’induction de l'expression de TNFa par le DHA prend son origine à un niveau post-transcriptionnel par la répression du microARN miR-21 perdant sa capacité à dégrader l'ARNm TNFa. Le DHA par l'activation des kinases AMPKa et RIP1 déclenche la translocation nucléaire du facteur de transcription FOXO3a se fixant sur le promoteur miR-21 et diminuant l’expression de ce microARN. Nos travaux mettent en évidence un nouveau mécanisme moléculaire soutenant l'action anti-tumorale du DHADocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral properties. The anti-tumor effect of DHA in colorectal cancer might be attributed to direct anti-proliferative action on cancer cells and to its ability to reduce inflammatory status involved in tumor growth. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFa) is an inflammatory cytokine with paradoxical effect in cancer biology. According to the cellular context, TNFa activates RIP1 kinase dependent signaling pathway leading to proliferation or cell death. Our aim was to evaluate the role of TNFa in anti-proliferative effect of DHA in colon cancer cells and to precise the molecular mechanisms regulating TNFa expression.DHA treatment increased TNFa expression and secretion by cancer cells. We have shown that neutralization of autocrine TNFa action prevented the pro-apoptotic effect of DHA colon cancer cells and abolished anti-cancer effect in tumor HCT-116 bearing nude mice fed a DHA-enriched diet. Induction of TNFa expression by DHA occured at post-transcriptional level through microRNA miR-21 repression reducing its ability to induce TNFa mRNA degradation. DHA activates AMPKa and RIP1 kinases triggering nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Foxo3a which bound to miR-21 promoter and repressed the microRNA expression. Our works highlight a new molecular mechanism supporting the anti-cancer action of DHA
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Moemeni, Armaghan. "Hybrid marker-less camera pose tracking with integrated sensor fusion." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11093.
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This thesis presents a framework for a hybrid model-free marker-less inertial-visual camera pose tracking with an integrated sensor fusion mechanism. The proposed solution addresses the fundamental problem of pose recovery in computer vision and robotics and provides an improved solution for wide-area pose tracking that can be used on mobile platforms and in real-time applications. In order to arrive at a suitable pose tracking algorithm, an in-depth investigation was conducted into current methods and sensors used for pose tracking. Preliminary experiments were then carried out on hybrid GPS-Visual as well as wireless micro-location tracking in order to evaluate their suitability for camera tracking in wide-area or GPS-denied environments. As a result of this investigation a combination of an inertial measurement unit and a camera was chosen as the primary sensory inputs for a hybrid camera tracking system. After following a thorough modelling and mathematical formulation process, a novel and improved hybrid tracking framework was designed, developed and evaluated. The resulting system incorporates an inertial system, a vision-based system and a recursive particle filtering-based stochastic data fusion and state estimation algorithm. The core of the algorithm is a state-space model for motion kinematics which, combined with the principles of multi-view camera geometry and the properties of optical flow and focus of expansion, form the main components of the proposed framework. The proposed solution incorporates a monitoring system, which decides on the best method of tracking at any given time based on the reliability of the fresh vision data provided by the vision-based system, and automatically switches between visual and inertial tracking as and when necessary. The system also includes a novel and effective self-adjusting mechanism, which detects when the newly captured sensory data can be reliably used to correct the past pose estimates. The corrected state is then propagated through to the current time in order to prevent sudden pose estimation errors manifesting as a permanent drift in the tracking output. Following the design stage, the complete system was fully developed and then evaluated using both synthetic and real data. The outcome shows an improved performance compared to existing techniques, such as PTAM and SLAM. The low computational cost of the algorithm enables its application on mobile devices, while the integrated self-monitoring, self-adjusting mechanisms allow for its potential use in wide-area tracking applications.
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Oliveira, Brunno Freire Dantas de. "Macroecologia e conserva??o de m?ltiplas dimens?es da biodiversidade." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ECOLOGIA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21619.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Determinar os mecanismos respons?veis pelos padr?es espaciais de biodiversidade t?m sido um dos maiores desafios para ec?logos e bioge?grafos. Durante a ?ltima d?cada houve um grande aumento no n?mero de estudos documentando padr?es de biodiversidade em larga escala. Atualmente, padr?es globais de riqueza de esp?cies s?o bem conhecidos para v?rios grupos de organismos. Entretanto, biodiversidade inclui v?rias dimens?es al?m da riqueza de esp?cies, como a diversidade filogen?tica e a diversidade funcional. Estas dimens?es s?o mais informativas do que simples medidas de riqueza de esp?cies e, consequentemente, podem permitir testes mais poderosos acerca de teorias de biodiversidade. Particularmente importante, conservar a biodiversidade em suas m?ltiplas dimens?es ? necess?rio para garantir a resili?ncia dos servi?os ecossist?micos e manter as hist?rias evolutivas das esp?cies. Neste contexto, a presente tese se configura na interface entre macroecologia e conserva??o, utilizando uma abordagem integradora que considera a conex?o entre mais de uma dimens?o da biodiversidade. No primeiro cap?tulo foram avaliadas hip?teses que invocam din?micas de equil?brio ou n?o-equil?brio para explicar a riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade funcional de mam?feros globalmente. Integrando informa??es sobre riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade funcional, eu abordo estas quest?es e clarifico os mecanismos que geraram e mant?m a diversidade de mam?feros e suas hist?rias de vida. O segundo cap?tulo representam uma base de dados sobre caracter?sticas biol?gicas de anf?bios globalmente: AmphiBIO. Esta base de dados centraliza informa??es sobre 19 caracter?sticas relacionadas ? ecologia, morfologia e reprodu??o de anf?bios. Os dados foram agregados a partir de mais de 1.500 fontes, e t?m potencial para auxiliar pesquisas mais amplas em ecologia de comunidades, evolu??o, biogeografia e conserva??o de anf?bios. No terceiro cap?tulo, utilizando o AmphiBIO, testo a suposi??o de que a perda de diversidade filogen?tica estaria associada ? perda de diversidade funcional. Para isso, a extin??o de anf?bios amea?ados foi simulada, as perdas de diversidade filogen?tica e funcional calculadas, e sua correla??o verificada. As perdas de diversidade foram analisadas atrav?s da filogenia dos anf?bios e do espa?o geogr?fico global. Esta tese contribui para um melhor entendimento dos mecanismos que originaram e mant?m os gradientes globais de riqueza de esp?cies, servindo de est?mulo para estudos futuros em ecologia e evolu??o, e para auxiliar decis?es pol?ticas visando a minimiza??o dos efeitos das extin??es sobre a perda de biodiversidade.
Determining the mechanisms underlying spatial variation in biodiversity has long been the main challenge for ecologists and biogeographers. The past decade has seen a veritable explosion of studies documenting broad-scale spatial patterns in biodiversity. Nowadays, broad-scale patterns of species richness (SR) are well documented for several groups. However, biodiversity encompass variation in several aspects beyond SR, such as phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional (or trait) diversity (FD). These dimensions have been argued to aid more powerful tests of biodiversity theories because they can capture the diversity of life better than simple measures of SR. Particularly important, the conservation of biodiversity and its multiple dimensions have been advocated as necessary to ensure the resilience of ecosystem services and maintain important evolutionary history. The present thesis is set on the interface between macroecology and biodiversity conservation, and uses integrated approaches that consider the connection between more than one dimension of biodiversity. In the first chapter, I we evaluate four prominent hypotheses which invoke either equilibrium (more individuals, niche diversity) or non-equilibrium dynamics (diversification rate, evolutionary time) to explain species richness and functional diversity of mammals worldwide. While equilibrium and non-equilibrium hypotheses have received considerable attention in the literature and some empirical support, it remains unknown whether they can explain the diversity of species and their traits alike. By integrating information on species richness and functional diversity, I address these issues and shed light on the mechanisms that generated the diversity of mammals and their life histories. The second chapter represents a database on natural history traits for amphibians worldwide: AmphiBIO. This database centralizes information on 19 traits related to ecology, morphology and reproduction features of amphibians. Data were assembled from more than 1,500 sources, and has potential to support a more comprehensive research in evolution, community ecology, biogeography and conservation of amphibians. The third chapter uses information from AmphiBIO to test the assumption that loss of PD is associated with loss of FD. We simulated species extinction scenarios based on IUCN criteria, calculated the loss of PD and FD, and verified the correlation. Analyzes were carried out across the complete amphibian tree and across worldwide amphibian assemblages. This study highlights for the possible negative consequences of local amphibians extinctions that may impact the continuous provision of ecosystem services. This thesis adds to better understand the mechanisms on the origination of global gradients of species diversity. Finally, I hope this thesis can be used to stimulate future studies on ecology and evolution, and support political decisions on minimizing the effects of projected species extinctions on biodiversity loss.
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Santos, Andr?a Iridan dos. "Modelagem etnoecol?gica da percep??o de vulnerabilidades, riscos e impactos socioambientais em comunidades quilombolas da Ba?a de Todos os Santos." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/359.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This research was conducted in the Quilombola communities of S?o Braz in Santo Amaro and in the Salamina Putumuju community of Maragogipe, both located in the state of Bahia, with the aim of developing ethno-ecological models that describe and reflect on how the quilombola populations of these communities perceive, assess and respond to the socio-environmental impacts, risks and vulnerabilities existing in the Bay of All Saints. To this end, we conducted 67 semi-structured interviews; field observations; focus groups and ethnocartography. We confirmed that the participating communities recognized the serious situation of vulnerabilities, involving a range of aspects, of which the most important are: lack of entitlement to their lands; occupation of the land around them and plans for new, high impact, businesses; uncertain access to basic rights; dependence on natural resources (under chronic and severe threat) to carry out their production activities; the weakening of local organization; little synergy of the forces set up between the communities and government institutions, with little influence on the processes that define policies applied to the region and the locality. In terms of risks and impacts, the main source of threats identified by the groups are of technological origin, which involve industries, factories, petroleum plants, property development tourism, the Pedra do Cavalo hydroelectric dam and power plant, and the Enseada do Paragua?u Shipyard. There are also threats that originate from an absence or inefficiency of the public authorities, such as: the presence of refuse dumps near to bodies of water; the direct discharge of sewage into the mangrove ecosystem; and the lack of inspection to prevent deforestation and the use of fishing explosives. According to the interviewees, fishing resources suffer the most intense impacts, including: a reduced number of fish, molluscs and crustaceans; the pollution and contamination of the sea, rivers and mangroves; fish mortality; and the disappearance of fish and shellfish species. The community capacity to respond and adapt to the impacts and risk they face is small, their defence strategy is based on the construction of partnerships; reporting infringements to the Public Prosecutor?s Office and through the construction of production alternatives for income generation through agriculture and extractivism. It was found that these agro-fishing communities have a great proprietorial knowledge of the ecosystems in which they live, as well as of the changes taking place. We also identified elements regarding impacts and risks that other types of studies have not considered. This study thus reinforces the assertion that the participation of local agents is an essential factor in the planning and management of traditional territories and the risks therein.
Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida nas comunidades Quilombolas de S?o Braz, em Santo Amaro, e na comunidade Salamina Putumuju, em Maragogipe, ambas localizadas no estado da Bahia,com o objetivo de elaborar modelos etnoecol?gicos que descrevam e reflitam como as popula??es quilombolas dessas comunidades percebem, avaliam e respondem aos impactos socioambientais, riscos e as vulnerabilidades existentes na Ba?a de Todos os Santos. Para isso foram realizadas 67 entrevistas semi-estruturas; observa??es de campo; grupo focal; e etnocartografia. Verificou-se que as comunidades participantes reconhecem um quadro grave de vulnerabilidades que se constituem atrav?s de diversos aspectos, sendo os mais importantes: falta de titula??o de seus territ?rios; ocupa??o do solo no entorno e proje??es de novos empreendimentos impactantes; acesso prec?rio a direitos b?sicos; depend?ncia dos recursos naturais (que est?o sob amea?as cr?nicas e agudas) para desenvolvimento de suas atividades produtivas; fragiliza??o da organiza??o local; pequena sinergia de for?as estabelecida entre as comunidades e as institui??es governamentais com pouca influ?ncia nos processos que definem as pol?ticas aplicadas a regi?o e a localidade. Quanto aos riscos e impactos, as principais fontes de amea?as identificadas pelos grupos s?o de origem tecnol?gica, que envolvem ind?strias, f?bricas, unidades petrol?feras, turismo imobili?rio, Barragem e Usina hidrel?trica da Pedra do Cavalo, e o Estaleiro da Enseada do Paragua?u. Al?m de amea?as originadas da aus?ncia ou inefici?ncia de atua??o do poder p?blico, como: a presen?a de lix?es pr?ximos a corpos h?dricos; despejo direto de esgotos no ecossistema de manguezal; e falta de fiscaliza??o para impedir desmatamentos e o uso de explosivo na pesca. Segundo os entrevistados os impactos atingem com maior intensidade os recursos pesqueiros, entre os quais se destacam: a diminui??o de peixes, moluscos e crust?ceos; polui??o e contamina??o de rios, mar e manguezal; mortandade de peixes; e desaparecimento de esp?cies de peixes e mariscos. A capacidade de resposta e adapta??o das comunidades aos impactos e riscos enfrentados ? pequena, a estrat?gia de defesa ? baseada na constru??o de parcerias; encaminhamento de den?ncias ao Minist?rio P?blico e na constru??o de alternativas produtivas para gera??o de renda a partir da agricultura e do extrativismo. Constatou-se que as popula??es agropesqueiras dessas comunidades conhecem com grande propriedade os ecossistemas aos quais est?o inseridos, bem como suas mudan?as. Al?m de identificarem elementos sobre os impactos e riscos, que outros tipos de estudos n?o contemplam. Dessa maneira este estudo contribui para a afirma??o que a participa??o dos agentes locais ? fator imprescind?vel no planejamento e na gest?o dos territ?rios tradicionais e dos riscos neles existentes.
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Martins, Layla Farage. "Análise do perfil de expressão de serina/treonina fosfatases e prospecção da função biológica para algumas dessas enzimas em Dictyostelium discoideum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-01032011-113121/.
Full textAbstract:
A fosforilação reversível de proteínas em resíduos de serina e treonina, catalisada por quinases e fosfatases desempenha papel chave na regulação do crescimento e na diferenciação celular em eucariotos. As serina/treonina proteínas fosfatases (PSTPs) são atualmente divididas em três famílias denominadas PPP (PhosphoProtein Phosphatase), PPM (Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Magnesium-dependent) e FCP/SCP (RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase), sendo que os membros da família PPP são, frequentemente, holoenzimas compostas de uma subunidade catalítica associada a uma ou mais subunidades reguladoras, as quais definem a função, localização e especificidade ao substrato da fosfatase. Neste trabalho, analisamos, através de RT-qPCR, o perfil de expressão dos genes codificadores de subunidades catalíticas de PPPs de Dictyostelium discoideum (PP1c, PP2Ac, PP4c, PP4c-like, PP6c e PP5c) e de 16 potenciais parceiros moleculares de algumas destas subunidades catalíticas, tais como DdI-2 e DdI-3, sabidamente inibidores da PP1c. Em resposta ao estresse térmico de células da fase de crescimento, detectamos o aumento dos níveis de transcritos de PP4c e PP6c e também de DdI-2, DdI-3 e DDB_G0292194, esta última, uma proteína de função desconhecida que interage com a PP1c em ensaios de duplo-híbrido em leveduras. Por outro lado, durante o estresse hiper-osmótico observamos a diminuição dos níveis de transcritos de quase todos os genes analisados com exceção de DdI-2 e DDB_G0292194. O nível de expressão de DdPP1c, DdI-2, DdI-3 e DDB_G0292194 também foi analisado em resposta ao estresse oxidativo e apenas o DDB_G0292194 foi induzido nesta condição. Os genes de PP1c, PP4, PP5c e PP6c são expressos durante todo o ciclo de vida de D. discoideum, mas a expressão de alguns dos genes analisados aumenta em uma fase definida do ciclo de desenvolvimento como é o caso de DDB_G0292194 que tem níveis de transcritos aumentados na fase de agregação. Este gene codifica uma proteína hipotética de 559 aminoácidos, que apresenta um domínio FHA (ForkHead-Associated) em sua região aminoterminal, além de uma sequência similar ao motivo consenso de ligação à PP1c. Ensaios no sistema de duplo-híbrido em leveduras confirmaram que a interação entre DDB_G0292194 e DdPP1c independe do domínio FHA. Verificamos, também, que o mutante nocaute de DDB_G0292194 apresenta uma morfologia alterada em condições padrões de cultivo, tanto na fase de crescimento como durante o desenvolvimento, além de uma maior sensibilidade ao estresse oxidativo causado pelo peróxido de hidrogênio quando comparado à linhagem selvagem. Em conjunto, nossos resultados evidenciam a importância das PPPs na resposta a diferentes tipos de estresse e para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de D. discoideum.Reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine and threonine residues, catalyzed by kinases and phosphatases plays a key role in growth and cell differentiation regulation in eukaryotes. Protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PSTPs) are currently divided into three families named PPP (Phosphoprotein Phosphatase), PPM (Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Magnesium-dependent) and FCP/SCP (RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase). The PPP family members are often holoenzymes composed of a catalytic subunit associated with one or more regulatory subunits, which define function, localization and substrate specificity of the phosphatase. In this work, we have examined, by RT-qPCR, the expression profile of genes encoding PPP catalytic subunits of Dictyostelium discoideum (PP1c, PP2Ac, PP4c, PP4c-like, PP6c and PP5c) and 16 potential molecular partners for some of these catalytic subunits, such as DdI-2 and DdI-3, both known as PP1c inhibitors. In response to heat stress of growth phase cells, we detected increased levels of transcripts of PP4c and PP6c as well as of DdI-2, DdI-3, and DDB_G0292194, the latter a protein of unknown function that interacts with PP1c in yeast two-hybrid assays. Moreover, during the hyperosmotic stress we observed decreased transcript levels of nearly all genes examined except DdI-2 and DDB_G0292194. The expression level of DdPP1c, DdI-2, DdI-3 and DDB_G0292194 was also analyzed in response to oxidative stress and only DDB_G0292194 was induced in this condition. PP1c, PP4c, PP5c and PP6c genes are expressed throughout growth and development of D. discoideum while transcript levels of some the analysed genes were increased at a defined stage of the developmental cycle as in the case of DDB_G0292194, which increased during aggregation. This gene encodes a hypothetical protein of 559 amino acids bearing a FHA (ForkHead-Associated) domain in its aminoterminal region and a sequence matching the PP1c binding consensus motif. Yeast two-hybrid assays confirmed that DDB_G0292194 and DdPP1c interaction does not depend on FHA domain. We also found that DDB_G0292194 knockout mutant exibits an altered morphology on standard growth and developmental conditions and shows an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in comparison to the wild type strain. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of PPPs in the response to different types of stress and for growth and development of D. discoideum.
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Nascimento, Wallace Silva do. "Estrat?gia de vida do peixe anual Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) do semi?rido brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17242.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-04Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
This work deals with the life strategy of an endangered annual fish, Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), of the Brazilian semiarid region. The eggs of these fish hatch at the onset of the rainy season, grows rapidly and they reproduce during the rainy season. When the water puddles dry out, the entire population dies. The resistant eggs which are buried in the bottom of the dried pools go through diapause stages, during which time the embryonic development becomes temporarily arrested. With the onset of the next rainy season, the eggs hatch and a new generation is formed. Specimens of H. antenori were captured during 2011 and 2013, in temporary water pools located in the hydrographic basin of river Jaguaribe in Cear?, Brazil. Sex ratio, the length-weight relationship, the growth type, first sexual maturity, anatomy and histology of the digestive tract, development of gonads, reproductive strategy, karyotypic pattern of the species, and the conservation status of H. antenori were investigated. The results of this study are presented in the form of eight articles. The first article is about the fish faunal composition of the hydrographic basins of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, wherein the record of H. antenori is included. The second article deals with the sex ratio, secondary sexual characteristics of males, the length-weight relationship and the type of growth. Males show a pattern of intense coloration with well developed fins. The sex ratio showed a significant predominance of females (1M:1.7 F). Males were larger in length and weight. The equation of weight and total length relationship was Wt=0.0271Lt3,8937, showing a positively allometric growth, indicating greater increase in weight than in length. The third article discusses the anatomy and histology of the digestive tract of H. antenori. It is considered as a generalist feeder with characteristics of omnivore, which utilizes different food sources. The fourth article discusses the stages and phases of gonad development and type of spawning of H. antenori. The fifth article is about the r reproductive strategy adopted by H. antenori which helps in successful reproduction over a short period of life. The sixth article deals karyotypic pattern of the species, constituting the first cytogenetic contribution to the genus. The seventh article discusses about the risk of extinction of this species which suffers a series of threats, such as, habitat loss through land use, deforestation, construction of reservoirs, pollution due to domestic and industrial sewage, besides pesticides and agrochemicals. Furthermore, decreasing rainfall and intensification of aridity due to global climate changes, interferes with the reproductive cycle. The eighth article deals with aggressive behavior adopted between males and among females during reproduction. All temporary water pools sampled during this study were in high degree of degradation, mainly due to human action. There is a great need for conservation measures to protect the populations of annual fish, including the creation of protected areas in the semiarid ephemeral aquatic environments of Brazil
Este trabalho trata sobre a estrat?gia da vida de um peixe anual em perigo Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), do semi?rido brasileiro. Os ovos dessa esp?cie nascem em po?as tempor?rias, crescem rapidamente, reproduzem e no per?odo de estiagem quando a po?a seca, toda a popula??o morre. Os ovos resistentes depositados no substrato da po?a s?o capazes de passar por um est?gio de diapausa, quando seu est?gio de desenvolvimento embrion?rio ? estacionado. Com a chegada do per?odo de chuvas, os ovos eclodem e uma nova gera??o ? formada. Os exemplares de H. antenori foram capturados durante 2011 e 2013, nas po?as tempor?rias localizadas na bacia do rio Jaguaribe no Cear?, Brasil. Foram investigadas a propor??o sexual, a rela??o peso-comprimento, o tipo de crescimento, a primeira matura??o sexual, anatomia e histologia do trato digest?rio, desenvolvimento das g?nadas, estrat?gia reprodutiva, dados cariot?picos da esp?cie, e o estado de conserva??o de H. antenori. Os resultados desse trabalho est?o apresentados sob a forma de oito artigos. O primeiro artigo ? sobre a composi??o da ictiofauna das bacias hidrogr?ficas do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, incluindo o registro de H. antenori. O segundo artigo trata sobre a propor??o sexual, caracter?sticas secund?rios sexuais dos machos, a rela??o pesocomprimento e o tipo de crescimento. Os machos apresentam um padr?o de colora??o intensa com nadadeiras mais desenvolvidas. A propor??o sexual apresentou uma predomin?ncia significativa de f?meas (1M: 1,7F). Os machos foram maiores em comprimento e em peso. A equa??o originada da rela??o peso total e comprimento total foi Wt = 0,0271Lt3,8937, apresentando um crescimento alom?trico positivo, indicando maior incremento no peso do que em rela??o ao comprimento. O terceiro artigo trata sobre a anatomia e histologia do trato digest?rio de H. antenori. ? considerado como um generalista com as caracter?sticas de on?voria, que aproveita fontes alimentares diferentes. O quarto artigo trata sobre os est?dios e fases de desenvolvimento das g?nadas e o tipo de desova de H. antenori. O quinto artigo trata sobre a estrat?gia reprodutiva r adotada pela H. antenori que auxilia na reprodu??o bem sucedida durante um curto per?odo de vida. O sexto artigo trata sobre os dados cariot?picos da esp?cie, constituindo a primeira contribui??o citogen?tica para o g?nero. O s?timo artigo trata sobre o risco de extin??o dessa esp?cie, que v?m sofrendo uma s?rie de amea?as, tais como, a perda de habitats pela ocupa??o do solo, desmatamento, constru??o dos reservat?rios, polui??o devido aos efluentes dom?sticos, industriais, pesticidas e agrot?xicos. Al?m disso, a diminui??o da pluviosidade e intensifica??o da aridez em decorr?ncia das mudan?as clim?ticas globais vem interferindo em seu ciclo reprodutivo. O oitavo trabalho trata sobre o comportamento agressivo adotado entre os machos e entre as f?meas durante a reprodu??o. Todas as po?as tempor?rias amostradas durante este trabalho estavam em um alto grau de degrada??o, principalmente devido ? a??o antr?pica. H? uma grande necessidade de medidas de conserva??o para proteger as popula??es de peixes anuais, entre elas especialmente a cria??o de ?reas de prote??o nos ambientes aqu?ticos ef?meros do semi?rido brasileiro
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Greenberg, Jane, Kristina Spurgin, and Abe Crystal. "Final Report for the AMeGA (Automatic Metadata Generation Applications) Project." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106026.
Full textAbstract:
Summary of findings (from Executive Summary of report for Goal 1 (complete), Goal 2, (Partial), Goal 3 (see actual document)):
Research in the area of automatic metadata generation falls, primarily, into two areas: Experimental research, focusing on information retrieval techniques and digital resource content, and applications research, focusing on the development of content creation software and
metadata generation tools used in the operational setting. The main finding, presented in this report, is that there is a disconnect between experimental research and application development. It seems that metadata generation applications could be vastly improved by integrating
experimental research findings. Metadata generation applications might also improve metadata output if they took advantage of metadata generation functionalities supported by content creation software. For example, Microsoft Word supports the metadata generation of a number of elements that conceptually map to the Dublin Core metadata standard. Some of these elements are generated automatically, while others need to be input by a document author or another person. Content
creation software provides a means for generating metadata, which can be harvested by metadata
generation applications. More research is needed to understand how metadata creation features
in content creation software are used in practice.
...
Two-hundred and seventeen (217) survey participants provided responses useful for
data analysis (the initial goal was to recruit at least 100 participants).
Three quarters of participants had three or more years of cataloging and/or indexing
experience, verifying their status as metadata experts.
Organizations are using a variety of different metadata standards (selected examples
include: MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC)â bibliographic format, Dublin
Core, Encoded Archival Description, Gateway to Educational Materials, Metadata
Object Description Schema, Text Encoding Initiative, and the Government
Information Locator Service).
Most participants (81%) reported using one or two systems for metadata creation in
their organization, whereas one participant reported the use of seven different
systems.
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