Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amélioration continue de la qualité'
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Pulcini, Céline. "Evaluation et amélioration de l'utilisation des anti-infectieux en pathologie humaine." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T004.
Full textAntibiotic stewardship is essential to curb bacterial resistance in humans. Our aim was to design an intervention to improve the quality of prescription of antibiotics, focusing on the inpatient setting. We used strategies derived from the social sciences and the industry, particularly continuous quality improvement techniques, to lead the doctors to change their behaviour. We focused on a key process of antibiotic prescribing, i.e. reassessment of antibiotic therapies 24-96 hours after their start ; we selected this process based on a review of the literature and on the results of a survey designed to assess the perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of the prescribers. This survey also enabled us to approach potential barriers to the intervention. We designed then a set of process measures of quality of care in the reassessment of inpatient empirical antibiotic prescriptions. Finally, we assessed the impact of an intervention designed to improve the documentation of the reassessment of inpatient empiric antibiotic prescriptions on the quality of these prescriptions ; this intervention was conducted on two wards and targeted non-infectious diseases specialists, using an audit and feedback approach. In conclusion, continuous quality improvement strategies are a valuable tool to improve antibiotic use
Wondjè, Calixte. "Modalités et éléments constitutifs d'une approche d'apprentissage continu, pour une amélioration continue de la qualité des produits et des services dans les organisations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0023/NQ52267.pdf.
Full textAbouzahir, Omar. "Conception d'un outil de mesure et de réduction des coûts de non qualité : application au pilotage des processus industriels." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002197.
Full textDeeb, Salah. "Contribution méthodologique à la maîtrise conjointe de la qualité d'un produit et de ses processus de production par une modélisation des concepts qualité." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321445.
Full textLa norme ISO 9000 :2000 [Afnor 2000] définit la qualité comme une « aptitude d'un ensemble des caractéristiques intrinsèques à satisfaire des exigences ». Cette qualité est considérée par [Dessinoz 2000] comme un processus d'entreprise intégré avec les autres processus tels que la production et la maintenance. Dans l'ingénierie système, la norme ISO/IEC 15288 classifie le processus de management de la qualité comme un des processus d'entreprise cohabitant avec les processus du projet, les processus contractuels et les processus techniques. L'objectif de ce processus dans l'ingénierie est donc d'assurer que les produits, services et processus du cycle de vie d'un système satisfont à la fois les objectifs qualité de l'entreprise et du client [ISO/IEC15288 2002].
Ainsi, au sens de l'Ingénierie Système (IS), le processus qualité est en lien avec plusieurs processus de différents types et n'est donc pas limité à une fonction particulière en entreprise [Lopez 2006] ou n'est pas sous la responsabilité d'un seul département [Gogue 2000]. En ce sens, la qualité se décline ainsi sur les niveaux stratégique, tactique et opérationnel de l'entreprise.
D'un point de vue stratégique, la qualité est considérée comme une démarche globale dans l'entreprise devant assurer la satisfaction de l'ensemble de ses partenaires. Ce niveau intègre toutes les activités qualité relatives à l'amélioration de la performance globale, à la certification selon la norme ISO 9000 ainsi qu'au management de la qualité en tant que démarche.
Du point de vue tactique, le processus qualité opère à ce niveau plus spécifiquement sur les processus de type techniques tels que la production et la maintenance. Il contient des activités relatives à la maîtrise de la qualité des produits et la qualité de processus de production au sens large. Cette activité doit être coordonnée avec les activités du niveau stratégique.
Enfin, le point de vue opérationnel a pour objectif de mettre en place les moyens et les actions pour vérifier que les résultats des processus techniques sont conformes aux exigences spécifiées en terme de qualité, réaliser les contrôles et traiter les non-conformités. Cette activité doit être coordonnée avec les activités du niveau tactique.
La collaboration versus intégration entre les niveaux soulève encore de nombreuses problématiques à la fois industrielles et scientifiques à ce jour pour faire du processus qualité, un véritable processus au sens système couvrant l'ensemble du cycle de vie du produit/processus. Par exemple des entreprises comme ALSTOM-Moteurs qui est à l'initiative de ces travaux, ont besoin de méthodologie (de guide) qui formalise et intègre la qualité principalement au niveau tactique (i.e. capacité décisionnelle confiée à des équipes autonomes) en relation avec les deux autres niveaux pour améliorer sa performance globale. L'objectif de cette méthodologie est de maîtriser conjointement la qualité du produit et la qualité de leurs processus de production dans une approche cycle de vie du processus de maîtrise de la qualité (de la conception jusqu'à l'exploitation). Relativement à ces besoins de formalisation et d'intégration, des méthodes, des méthodologies et des approches qualité existent à ce jour qui supportent tout ou partie du processus qualité inhérent à un niveau ou à l'interconnexion entre niveaux. Les méthodes, et les approches les plus couramment utilisées sont QFD, Six Sigma, AMDEC, ...
Une des approches significatives par rapport à la problématique d'intégration est le TQM (Total Quality Management) qui se positionne dans les différents niveaux structurels en entreprise [Rodney 2006]. Un des objectifs de cette approche qualité est d'améliorer et de maîtriser la qualité du processus de production pour maîtriser la qualité du produit. [Hellsten 2000] a défini le TQM comme un système de management constitué de trois composants qui sont mutuellement dépendants : « core values », méthodologies et outils/méthodes. Cette approche présente un intérêt particulier puisqu'elle permet d'intégrer, au sein des composantes, différentes méthodes et méthodologies qualité telles que QFD, AMDEC, SPC, ... Cependant, ces méthodes et méthodologies sont souvent « informelles » car décrites sous une base textuelle ou graphique [Dale 1990] [Juan 2004]. Elles ne contiennent donc pas une phase de formalisation des concepts qualité dans leur phase de conceptualisation indispensable pour la maîtrise et l'amélioration de la qualité [Marcotte 1995]. Aussi, les méthodologies applicables au niveau tactique permettent difficilement d'améliorer (maîtriser) simultanément la qualité du produit et la qualité de ses processus de production [Ettlie 1994]. De plus, la plupart de ces méthodologies sont applicables dans la phase de d'exploitation mais peu d'entre elles autre que le QFD [Govers 1996], le sont en conception [McClusky, 2000].
Pour répondre simultanément aux besoins industriels genèse de cette thèse et au manque de formalisation préalablement mentionné, notre contribution porte sur la proposition d'une approche qualité générique permettant de formaliser le processus qualité au niveau tactique en intégration avec les autres niveaux opérationnel et stratégique en entreprise. Notre approche se positionne en cohérence avec une approche TQM dans l'objectif de maîtriser et d'améliorer conjointement la qualité du produit et la qualité de ses processus de production. Cette première formalisation (car ne couvrant pas tous les points de vue de la qualité) doit permettre de modéliser de façon générique le processus qualité de niveau tactique et ses interactions nécessaires pour en réaliser l'intégration à la fois avec les autres niveaux stratégiques et opérationnels mais aussi avec les autres processus tel que le processus maintenance pour assurer la performance globale en entreprise. Cette approche de formalisation s'intègre dans le cadre de modélisation Zachman [Zachman 1987] offrant une cohérence relativement aux différents modèles à réaliser.
Par rapport à cette formalisation, l'originalité de notre contribution réside dans une première unification, sous la forme de méta-modèles, des concepts qualité sur la base:
• de l'approche processus définit dans la norme ISO 9000 :2000 de « niveau tactique ». L'édition de la nouvelle version ISO 9000 :2005 n'impacte pas notre proposition dans le sens où les changements apportés à l'ancienne version ne concernent pas les concepts qualité modélisés dans notre approche qualité.
• de la fonction « management de qualité » telle que prôné par la norme IEC/ISO62264 «niveau management »,
• de méthodes qualité telle que l'AMDEC, la MSP, l'APR, le Poka-yoké,
• de la modélisation d'indicateurs qualité.
Cette approche se veut donc exploitable de la conception à l'exploitation du processus de maîtrise de la qualité. Dans la phase de conception, notre contribution doit offrir un guide qui aide l'ingénieur qualité, d'abord pour, développer un modèle spécifique par une phase d'instanciation du méta-modèle support de la méthodologie (en cohérence avec le TQM), ensuite d'exécuter la méthode qualité adéquate au moment opportun, et finalement de calculer des indicateurs qualité (phase d'évaluation). Dans la phase d'exploitation, la connaissance formalisée et structurée dans le modèle spécifique (l'ensemble des instances) est directement transposable dans un formalisme compréhensible par l'opérateur sur site (i.e. pages Web) pour mieux suivre et anticiper les dérives qualité du produit/processus principalement sur les axes surveillance, diagnostic et action. Pour faciliter l'utilisation de notre approche qualité, nous avons proposé une automatisation de cette approche à l'aide l'outil MEGA.
Notre contribution est ainsi exposée dans ce manuscrit sous la forme de 4 chapitres complémentaires. Le premier chapitre introduit, dans un premier temps, une définition d'un processus qualité au sein de l'entreprise et des points de vue à ce processus. Certains points de vue sont repris pour introduire la problématique industrielle qui est la genèse de ces travaux de thèse. Ceci nous amène à positionner le processus qualité sur les différents niveaux structurels de l'entreprise en mettant en évidence un certain nombre de verrous scientifiques comme la modélisation et l'intégration du processus qualité dans l'entreprise afin de maîtriser et d'améliorer la qualité du produit/processus. Sur la base de ce positionnement, le deuxième chapitre nous permet de présenter un état de l'art recensant les travaux principaux sur les aspects « modèles, méthodes et méthodologies » liés à la formalisation et à l'intégration du processus qualité pour répondre à l'objectif d'une plus grande maîtrise et amélioration de la qualité conjointe produit/processus. Ce recensement met en évidence de réelles problématiques scientifiques non totalement résolues à ce jour pour satisfaire au besoin de formalisation et d'intégration. Ces manques justifient le contenu du chapitre 3 dédié à la définition de la méthodologie proposée (le guide) et qui se base sur un principe de méta-modélisation de concepts qualité garant de la généricité attendue. La méthodologie, construite sur 3 étapes, se positionne en cohérence avec le TQM et permet de formaliser l'interdépendance entre les trois composantes du TQM. Enfin le chapitre 4 décrit, d'une part, l'automatisation de cette méthodologie à l'aide de l'outil MEGA afin de la rendre accessible à tous ingénieurs qualité, et d'autre part, une faisabilité de cette méthodologie sur un cas d'application manufacturier de type tournage couvrant la phase de conception et d'exploitation. Le passage du méta-modèle au modèle spécifique (phase de conception) du processus de tournage est réalisé par une procédure d'instanciation supportée par l'outil.
Leandro, Elizondo Ronald. "Méthodologie pour l'évaluation de la performance de l'amélioration continue des processus industriels." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0138/document.
Full textCurrently, Lean Management Practices represents a competitive advantage for most companiestrying to raise their performance in a very aggressive global market. Lean’s implementationprocess is very complex; it means to transform into a new philosophy and managing the business- a behaviour change. This paper reviews the literature in relation to Lean managerial practicesand the incapacity for some companies to sustain the results over time; specifically about themisalignment among the Lean’s purposes with their implementation efforts to waste eliminationthrough the improvement of processes. The literature found several management issues regardingthis problem but the main reasons are firstly a breakdown interfaces between socio-technicalaspects and secondly, a need for real commitment from the top management. Consequently, thetarget of this paper is to synthesize and analyze those Lean difficulties based on dynamic systemthinking and, also, to propose two assumptions as an alternative to a conventional proposal(linearity) to solve this Leans’ problems: the contribution of productivity management whichnarrows these gaps, in a more holistic manner; in addition, based on the continuous improvementapproach as a metric to assess Lean’s "behaviour change" and also to encourage commitment; italso engages the performance dilemma throughout empowered workers that have beendocumented in the Lean literature
Heureude, Catherine. "Conception d’un système international de management de la qualité dans les systèmes de surveillance épidémiologique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0105/document.
Full textThe new International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 adopted by WHO has set the rules of a new organization and therules for improved cooperation among states and for strengthening WHO's actions in fighting epidemics.Implementing IHR is complex and requires states to put in place systems that must be supported by an operationalmethodology guide. We analyzed their organizations to understand what were the weak points and to try to remedy by simple managementprocesses adapted and coherent with surveillance systems. To achieve this result we have developed and implemented a methodology applied worldwide. This methodological framework in 6 phases is based on a process approach with a map of surveillance systems, positioning in the principlesof performance improvement and the PDCA, while relying on ISO 9001 as a reference. This methodology has enabled the analysis of surveillance systems worldwide and assessing consistency with the IHR requirements. We made a parallel with ISO 9001 in order to determine if it was possible to introduce a dematerialized system as in the case of epidemic disease surveillance systems, using a known and proven reference framework. This work led us to propose a model based on quality performance management, more flexible than the ISO 9001, which is too rigid for dematerialized systems such as surveillance systems
Paula, Patrícia Sofia do Nascimento. "A contribuição da implementação dos 5S para a melhoria contínua da qualidade num serviço de imagiologia: o estudo de caso no HFF." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1431.
Full textA dissertação teve como objectivo principal a implementação dos cinco sensos (5S) no Serviço de Imagiologia do Hospital Fernando da Fonseca (HFF) e observar-se a contribuição para o programa de melhoria contínua da qualidade já existente. Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como fundamentação teórica a melhoria contínua da qualidade, a abordagem da qualidade no Serviço de Imagiologia do HFF, os 5S e a sua aplicação na saúde em Portugal. Esta fundamentação teórica foi referenciada no texto com fontes bibliográficas actuais. No âmbito desta dissertação, foi efectuado um estudo de caso recorrendo a uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória através de uma abordagem quantitativa. Este estudo decorreu no período temporal compreendido entre Novembro de 2007 e Setembro de 2008. A população do estudo abrangeu todos os colaboradores perfazendo um total de cento e três pessoas, recorrendo-se a uma amostra constituída por oitenta e dois indivíduos através de uma amostragem aleatória estratificada. Foi definida a seguinte questão de investigação: Será que a implementação dos 5S contribui para a melhoria contínua da qualidade do Serviço de Imagiologia do HFF? O objectivo geral foi o de elaborar-se e implementar-se um modelo de aplicação dos 5S no Serviço de Imagiologia do HFF, pretendendo-se contribuir para a melhoria contínua da qualidade. Concluiu-se que a implementação dos 5S no Serviço de Imagiologia do HFF contribuiu para a melhoria contínua da qualidade. The dissertation had as the main purpose of implementing the methods named 5S in the Imagiology Service at Fernando Fonseca Hospital (FFH) and observing the contribute for the continuous improvement program of the quality already existing. In this context, the work had as theoretical fundamentation the continuous improvement of the quality, the approach of the Imagiology Service quality at FFH, the 5S and its application in the health of Portugal. This theoretical fundamentation was referred in the text with current bibliographic sources. In the field of this dissertation, it was effected a study of case using a descriptive- -researcher search through a quantitative approach. This study lasted between November 2007 and September 2008. The population of the study comprised all the collaborators amounting a total of one hundred and three people using a sample formed by eighty-two people through a stratificated random sampling. The following research question was set: In what way did the implementation of the methods 5S contribute to a continuous improvement of the Imagiology Service quality of FFH? The general objective was to prepare and to implement an application model of the 5S in the Imagiology Service of FFH, aiming to contribute for a continuous improvement of the quality. It was concluded that the implementation of the 5S in the Imagiology Service of FFH contributed to a continuous improvement of the quality. L’exposé a eu comme objectif principal l’implémentation de la méthode appelée 5S au Service d’Imagiologie de l’Hôpital Fernando Fonseca (HFF) et s’observer la contribution pour le programme de l’amélioration continue de la qualité déjà existante. Dans ce contexte, le travail a eu comme fondement théorique l’amélioration continue de la qualité, l’abordage de la qualité au Service d’Imagiologie du HFF, les 5S et son application dans la santé au Portugal. Ce fondement théorique a été référencé dans le texte à travers des sources bibliographiques actuelles. À propos de cet exposé on a été fait une étude de cas, en recourrant à une recherche descriptive - exploratrice à travers un abordage quantitatif. Cette étude s’est passée au période contenu parmi le mois de Novembre 2007 et le mois de Septembre 2008. La population de cette étude a été formée par tous les collaborateurs, en faisant au total cent trois personnes, en recourrant à un essai constitué par quatre-vingt deux individus à travers d’un essai aléatoire stratifié. On a formulé la question suivante : comment est-ce que l’implémentation des 5S a contribué pour l’amélioration continue de la qualité du Service d’Imagiologie du HFF ? L’objectif général a été celui d’élaborer et d’implémenter un modèle d’application des 5S au Service d’Imagiologie du HFF, avec l’objectif de contribuer pour l’amélioration continue de la qualité. Les résultats obtenus ont conclu comme l’implémentation des 5S au Service d’Imagiologie du HFF a contribué pour l’amélioration continue de la qualité.
Damenou, Seïve. "La démarche qualité dans les établissements privés d’enseignement supérieur au Bénin : de l’état des lieux à l’ère du LMD." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0014.
Full textWithin the new paradigms of the higher education namely: the LMD (LICENCE-MASTER-DOCTORAT), the globalization, the quality, the economy of knowledge and the human resources is this thesis titled: " After an exploratory study of the higher education system in the Republic of Benin, the inventory of the current situation was done through the deployment of the LMD (LICENCE-MASTER-DOCTORAT) on two of these complementary axis: the improvement of the offer of training and the integration of a quality approach.Let’s mention that there is a weakness in the efficiency of the offers of training in the public as well as in the private sector. Moreover, the EPES that have adopted quality policy can easily innovate and adapt themselves to any contingencies. Initiatives of internal quality assurance exist, especially in the private sector where there is a high competition and more increasing requirements from the students. There are also good practices in West African sub-region as far as quality assurance is concerned and the support of the financial and technical partners with the view to harmonizing the practices and to motivating various countries for the implementation of their national quality assurance agencies through the strengthening of skills can be mentioned.The present research implements partially the internal quality assurance policy, being inspired by the model of evaluation of the quality in the education in line with the one of Plant and Bouchard, by the ISO 9001 V2008 and by the principle of Deming, knowing that the average duration of such an exercise turns out relatively long
Foropon, Cyril. "Les managers et la démarche de certification qualité QS-9000 : Recherche empirique sur les pratiques et essai de conceptualisation." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHEC0005.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to the study of the quality certification process. The literature review indicates that a quality certification process aims to make production processes more reliable in order to satisfy external cutomers. To do so, managers are invited to apply the following three principles: customer focus, system approach, and continuous improvement. Differences between expected and observed practices were identified during an empirical research within a worldwide automotive supplier. This dissertation proposes an interpretation of the differences based on the metaphors framework developped by Morgan (2002). The organic way of thinking of experts, the political way of thinking of managers, and the mechanical way of thinking from the other stakeholders (Plant management, external customers, internal auditors, external auditors,. . . ) are successively highlighted
Julien, Fabrice. "Contribution à la mise en place de la maîtrise de la qualité dans une production de petites séries : application aux spécificités de la production aéronautique." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1804.
Full textIn an economical global situation more and more demanding, the importance of quality is evident, either in the industrial sector or in the business services. Whatever the quality level reach by each company, it's in a dynamic trend who put it in a perpetual motion with a goal of continuous improvements. Our arrival at Airbus Méaulte was in a specific CIFRE agreement context. The initial aim was to deploy the Statistical Process Control (SPC) methodology and especially in the multivariate case. As a first step, we've done two parallel actions. On one side, we've done a state of the art for the quality improvement methodology in general, and of the SPC in a more accurate manner. On the other side, we've analyzed the industrial situation that we've found. The choice we've done for our work led us to work in three other complementary ways : the improvement methodology, the permanent cultural change management caused by new tooling introduction, the creation of a decision making tool based on the development of follow-up chants and global indicators
Bejjaj-Ardouni, Bouchra. "Pilotage et dispositifs d'évaluation de l'assurance qualité éducative : Etude des systèmes de management de la qualité des centres universitaires de français langue étrangère non labellisés et labellisés Qualité FLE." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2026.
Full textOur research work focuses on the management and evaluation systems of management systems in french universities centers, specialised in French as a Foreign Language, members of ADCUEFE. More precisely, this is a comparative work on the educational quality approach, depending on whether it is practiced or not within the requirements of labeling. As such, the comparison is made between the language centers that are certified in France by the "Quality French Foreign language" label and those that are not registered in this labeling process, but display their professional practices in a quality culture. The central issue of our thesis is based on a multiple questioning: must the control of quality, from its planning to its improvement, necessarily go through the final stage of labeling? The latter is an audit of the effectiveness of the normative and institutional framework carried out by an external audit, a type of quality measurement based on a repository. Does the university institution need to base its quality approach on an imposed benchmark that it must appropriate? And if the latter is an integral part of the organization's quality approach, is it adapted to the expectations of customers, whether internal or external? What other type of proof of quality does an organization provide that does not include its management system in a labeling perspective? In the end, can the quality approach do without a quality culture? Through a hypothetico-deductive study, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews are conducted with directors of the university institutions under study, whose protocols and guides relate not only to the perception and management of quality assurance, but also on the assessment of the FFL Quality label and of the benchmark. Empirical research makes it possible to become aware of the challenges of official recognition of the labeling and of the difficulties that management is confronted with in the actions taken to successfully establish continuous quality improvement and guarantee it in compliance, or not, with standardized standards
Perez, Toralla Maria Sol. "Pour une prescription capacitante, ergonomie et débats des règles du travail : le cas d'une entreprise déployant la lean production." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0935/document.
Full textThe goal of ergonomic of adapting work to Man has gradually broadened in scope, notably with the evolution of the concept of health towards integrating the possibility for workers to make full use of their skills. Following this view, the main goal of our research was to better understand the possibilities of joint development of people and organization within a “lean production” industry. Three perspectives of analysis were fallowed. The first perspective related to the underlying model of work in lean production. The second perspective focused on mobilizing work activity as part of continual improvement approaches. The third perspective focused on the forms and goals of the transformation of work, in order to identify the role of ergonomics and evolutions in the practice of ergonomics in order to act in a context of deployment of a lean production system. Our results suggested that ergonomic action focused on identifying the conditions of improved participation is not enough. One must also provide feedback at the strategic level of management, so as to broaden the goals of projects aiming for continual improvement, by including the goals that had not been previously anticipated, and that had been formulated by operators
Alhuraish, Ibrahim. "L'évaluation des performances des organisations implémentant les métodes Lean Manufacturing et Six Sigma : Application aux industries françaises." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0018/document.
Full textMany industries conduct research in order to decide on the appropriate methodology for delivering optimal performance outcomes such as Lean Manufacturing or Six Sigma. Therefore, this research shows the influence of different categories based on the implementation method against three criteria: financial performance, operational performance and innovation performance. Research results indicate that companies implementing Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma were more effective in improving company performance across financial and operational dynamics. Additionally, it shows companies who implemented Lean Manufacturing only saw improvements in innovation performance. Moreover, we found that Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma practices such as One Piece Flow, Kanban, 5S, etc, supported increases in companies’ performance. The statistical results also show that the key factors for the success of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma implementation could differ depending on the method employed
Fouilloux, Virginie. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité et de la gestion des risques en chirurgie cardiaque. : Conception, réalisation et évaluation de techniques d'enseignement basées sur la simulation sur modèle animal vivant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5046/document.
Full textThe quality and the risk management became, during the last decade, the main stakes within the initiatives of improvement of medical and paramedical practices.Education and teaching have to constitute the basement on which these various steps can build. In the field of health, the simulation stands out as one of the most successful tools contributing to the improvement of the practices.Our work concerns more particularly the very specialized area represented by cardiac surgery. We propose an educational tool based on the simulation from an in-vivo animal model.After a first stage to design the model and its relevance, two curriculum of training, one concerning basics and the other concerning continuing medical education, are proposed and assessed.To improve the quality and the risk management in France, a comparison with the initiatives already established abroad, in particular in Canada, is depicted.Finally, the School of the CEC comes to illustrate what could be, in France, an example of training curriculum for medical and paramedical professions in the field of the cardiac surgery
Proença, José de Aguiar. "A contribuição da implementação do controlo da qualidade da imagem radiológica digital para a melhoria contínua da qualidade num serviço de imagiologia: o estudo de caso no serviço de imagiologia do HFF." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1086.
Full textO presente trabalho de investigação aborda a importância da implementação do controlo da qualidade da imagem radiológica digital no processo da melhoria contínua da qualidade do Serviço de Imagiologia do Hospital Fernando Fonseca. O objectivo geral deste estudo consistiu em implementar um referencial de controlo da qualidade da imagem radiológica digital no Serviço de Imagiologia do Hospital Fernando da Fonseca. Formulou-se a seguinte questão de investigação: Qual o referencial de controlo da qualidade da imagem radiológica digital no Serviço de Imagiologia do HFF e, em que medida contribui para a melhoria contínua da qualidade da imagem radiológica digital? A parte empírica desta investigação decorreu em meio natural nas instalações do Serviço de Imagiologia – Urgência do Hospital Fernando da Fonseca no período compreendido entre 15 de Janeiro e 30 de Setembro de 2008. A população foi constituída pelo conjunto de exames radiológicos digitais realizados nos períodos de 15 de Janeiro a 20 de Fevereiro de 2008, de 1 a 31 de Maio de 2008, de 7 de Junho a 7 de Julho e de 1 a 30 de Setembro do mesmo ano. A amostra foi retirada da população recorrendo a uma selecção aleatória simples. Como instrumento de colheita de dados recorreu-se à elaboração de uma folha de verificação. Os resultados foram apresentados em cartas de controlo, gráficos de barras, tabelas de Pareto e de frequências. Os resultados obtidos concluíram que a implementação do controlo da qualidade da imagem radiológica digital contribuiu para a melhoria contínua da qualidade da imagem radiológica digital obtendo-se uma redução de cerca de 39,78% do número de exames radiológicos não conformes. The present research work is about the importance of the implementation of the digital radiologic image quality control in the process of a continuous improvement of the Imagiology Service quality at Fernando Fonseca Hospital. The main purpose of this study consisted in implementing a referential of the digital radiologic image control quality in the Imagiology Service of Fernando Fonseca Hospital. The following research question was set: Which is the referential of the digital radiologic image quality control in the Imagiology Service of Fernando Fonseca Hospital and in what way did it contribute to a continuous improvement of the digital radiologic image quality? The empirical part of this research took place in the natural environment of the Imagiology Service facilities - Emergency Services of Fernando Fonseca Hospital from 15ht January to 30th September 2008. The population was formed by the whole of the digital radiologic exams held from 15th January to 20th February 2008, from 1st to 31st May 2008, from 7th June to 7th July and from 1st to 30th September of the same year. The sample was got from the population using a simple random selection. As a tool for the data collection we applied a check list. The results were presented in control charts, bar charts, Pareto tables and frequency tables. The final results concluded that the implementation of the digital radiologic image quality control contributed to a continuous improvement of the digital radiologic image and a reduction of 39.78% was obtained in the number of non compliant radiologic exams. Ce travail de recherche c’est à propos de l’importance de l’implémentation du contrôle de la qualité de l’image radiologique digital dans le procédé de l’amélioration continue de la qualité au Service d’Imagiologie de l’ Hôpital Fernando Fonseca. L’objectif général de cette étude a consisté à implémenter un référentiel de contrôle de la qualité de l’image radiologique digital au Service d’Imagiologie de l’Hôpital Fernando Fonseca. On a formulé la question suivante : Quel est le référentiel de contrôle de la qualité de l’image radiologique digital au Service de l’Imagiologie du HFF et, comme a contribué à améliorer continuellement la qualité de l’image radiologique digital ? La partie empirique de cette recherche s’est passée en ambiance naturel dans les installations au Service d’Imagiologie – Urgence de l’Hôpital Fernando Fonseca au période contenu entre le 15 janvier et le 30 septembre 2008. La population a été formé par ensemble d’examens radiologiques digitales réalisés entre le 15 janvier et le 20 février 2008, le 1 jusqu’à 31 mai 2008, le 7 juin jusqu’à 7 juillet et le 1 jusqu’à 30 septembre du même année. L'essai a été donné par la population en recourant à une sélection aléatoire simple. Comme outil de récolte de donnés on a recouru á l’élaboration d’une feuille de vérification. Les résultats ont été présentés en cartes de contrôle, de graphiques à barres, de tables de Pareto et de fréquences. Les résultats obtenus ont conclu comme l’implémentation du contrôle de la qualité de l’image radiologique digital a contribué pour une amélioration continue de la qualité de l’image radiologique digitale, en obtenant une réduction près de 39,78% du nombre d’examens radiologiques non conformes.
Cherifi, Daikha. "Amélioration et évaluation de la qualité des images." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132053.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose new methods for image enhancement based on oriented and multi-scale transforms using some perceptual criteria. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the development of a simple and efficient contrast enhancement method inspired from the human visual system. This method is evaluated on a set of natural color and monochrome images. The obtained results are evaluated subjectively and by using objective measures based on energy spectrum analysis and perceptual criteria. The enhancement technique is also extended to some medical images, such as mammography and endoscopy images. A special contrast enhancement method adapted to mammography is then proposed. It is based on a segmentation process using a priori information on the mammography images. The last part of the thesis is devoted to image enhancement evaluation. A critical literature survey of image enhancement evaluation methods is provided. The evaluation method proposed in this thesis is based on the radial and angular analysis of the Fourier powerspectrum. Another perceptual approach is proposed to evaluate the output. This method is based on the analysis of the visibility map computed by using a pyramidal contrast. The evaluation is performed on some samples taken from two databases. Both subjective and objective evaluations demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed image enhancement methods
Bonnefond, Hubert. "Amélioration de microalgues à vocation énergétique par pression de sélection continue." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066719/document.
Full textThe world faces an unprecedented environmental crisis, led by the action always more marked with the man on its environment. From the beginning of the industrial era, the massive use of the fossil fuels, caused a global climatic disorder
Joucla, Emmanuel. "Amélioration de l'efficacité des actions correctives d'un système qualité." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0044.
Full textKompany, Elaheh. "Un nouveau procédé de déshydratation de fruits et légumes : amélioration de la qualité du produit fini." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD278.
Full textTremillon, Nicolas. "Amélioration de la secrétion hétérologue chez lactococcus lactis." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112315.
Full textThe lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is an interesting host to produce, secrete and purify heterologous proteins. INRA built up an expression system and a host strain inactivated for the unique extracellular HtrA protease and in which exported proteins are stable, leading to a better yield and a competitive advantage. INRA system development in partnership with GTP Technology is the objective of my PhD thesis (CIFRE fellowship). To improve the host strain, positive factors able to compensate for HtrA functions: heat shock resistance and the quality control of exported proteins, were looked for. A multicopy suppressor of htrA mutant thermosensitivity was selected: its function is unknown and its effect on heterologous protein production has to be tested. An exported folding factor, a PPIase, was also caracterized, but it had no effect on the proteins that have been tested, suggesting a constitutive housekeeping function. At last, a protein induced in htrA mutant under normal conditions was studied. It is a cell wall stress protein, both induced in the wild type strain by several antibiotics targeting peptidoglycan biosynthesis and essential for cell viability when cells are exposed to bacitracin. Thus, the absence of HtrA not only disturbs envelope proteins, but also the cell wall. This new HtrA function and of the role of the induced protein on cell survival will be further studied. In parallel, the use of the INRA expression system at GTP Technology was also developed. The conditions for the production of a nuclease useful in molecular biology to clarify cell extracts were optimised, and a protein yield of about 200mg/L in mini-fermentors could be reached
Cortes, Cornax Mario. "Amélioration continue de chorégraphie de services : conception et diagnostic basés sur les modèles." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM020/document.
Full textOrganizations' business processes become increasingly complex and often depend on processes and services provided by other organizations. The term inter-organizational process appears to describe a process that goes beyond an organization's boundaries and integrates a set of processes with a common goal. From a technical point of view, organizations implement their internal processes as service orchestrations. To enable them to interact, it is essential to establish communication protocols to promote a common understanding among the participating services as well as ensuring their interoperability. In this context the service choreography concept appears. Choreography refers to a business contract describing the way business participants with a common goal coordinate their interactions. The overall point of view given by choreographies complements the local point of view given by orchestrations. Our work aims to understand and study the concept of choreography where we consider the intentional level (goals), the organizational level which is often captured by graphical models and the operational level that is focused on technical details. To do so, we propose a continuous improvement approach focusing on the design and diagnosis phases. We rely on models to better understand, build, analyze and manage the complexity of choreographies
Rezkallah, Miloud. "Amélioration de la qualité d'énergie fournie au réseau autonome hybride éolien-diesel." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/286/1/REZKALLAH_Miloud.pdf.
Full textYerima, Borgui. "Système de rémunération et amélioration de la qualité du coton au Bénin." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0022.
Full textWhile the debates on the distortions of the prices in the world market of cotton oppose the producer countries poor and rich, the first showing the second not to comply with the fixed rules within the World Trade Organization, this dissertation introduce the failures of the Remuneration System (RS) of the seed-cotton in Benin. The RS includes seven key issues: 1) the contract of production; 2) the modes of evaluating and grading the quality of the cotton; 3) the rule defining the seed cotton price; 4) the modalities of paying producers and transporters; 5) credit over inputs and the joint guarantee; 6) transfer related with task delegation; 7) the price equalization. This system is analyzed as an inefficient instrument in terms of the improvement in the quality of the cotton-fiber exported. The analysis is based on an approach that identifies the RS failures, which are accepted by the actors involved - and to estimate the actors' gains and losses. However, those who benefited the most from the RS are the cotton-ginners and the low-quality seed cotton producers. The general theory of market with asymmetric information, as well as the concepts of rent and rent-seeking, collusion and collusive transactions, scarcity, and the measurement costs, are applied in order to explain how the actors make use of this system. This analysis has also combined the characteristics of seed cotton supply and the qualifications of cotton related with the embodied power of actors, showing kind the political dimension of the RS. Five main lessons have been identified: i) agency relationship imperfections in an embedded structure with tasks delegation - ii) the creation and sharing of the collusive rent between an agent and its supervisor exduding the principal - iii) the inefficiency of the evaluation of seed cotton quality related with the unsuitable of the means and methods used - iv) the prevailing among actors, of information asymmetry over the quality of the cotton in the export markets, although there is an inter-profession - v) the use of RS failures by the economic agents in order to increase their individual profits through collusive transactions and by capturing four types of decentralized rents : a quality, collusion, positioning and scarcity rents, while ignoring their own losses. Therefore, like political decision-makers interested in the maximization of their votes, the economic agents can use inefflcient instruments when they benefit from rents of the use of those instruments and do not really know their own losses. This is the major theoretical outcome of our dissertation
Leroux, Julie. "Amélioration de la qualité de la pâte désencrée par oxydation au TEMPO." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1170/1/030032105.pdf.
Full textZaidi, Houda. "Amélioration de la qualité des données : correction sémantique des anomalies inter-colonnes." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1094/document.
Full textData quality represents a major challenge because the cost of anomalies can be very high especially for large databases in enterprises that need to exchange information between systems and integrate large amounts of data. Decision making using erroneous data has a bad influence on the activities of organizations. Quantity of data continues to increase as well as the risks of anomalies. The automatic correction of these anomalies is a topic that is becoming more important both in business and in the academic world. In this report, we propose an approach to better understand the semantics and the structure of the data. Our approach helps to correct automatically the intra-column anomalies and the inter-columns ones. We aim to improve the quality of data by processing the null values and the semantic dependencies between columns
El, Hiki Lahcen. "Proposition et validation d'un modèle d'amélioration continue pour les processus hospitaliers." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f959abaf-8721-45f1-9e6b-05b3ddfd8f50.
Full textUnder the impetus of accreditation agencies and other institutional actors, many hospital organizations have undertaken ambitious projects designed to implement continuous quality improvement (CQI). However, although many have begun, the failure rate of such projects is quite significant. This doctoral research aims to introduce new ways of thinking about CQI models applied to hospital processes. To adapt CQI dynamics to the particular case of hospital processes, new CQI model requirements must be established in order for these models to improve hospital organization. We propose our CQI model as a conceptual framework that will allow CQI to be applied to hospital processes. Through its innovative approach to modelling, analysis, redesign, and risk monitoring (based on established indicators), this framework can help to perpetuate the organizational improvements effected in the hospital processes. The generic character of our model will be illustrated by real-life applications involving clinical laboratory processes (CHU de Charleroi/Belgium) and pre-hospital emergency networks (Region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais/ France)
Barthélémy, Charles. "Amélioration assistée de programmes par objectifs." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10462.
Full textOrtiz, Cayón Rodrigo. "Amélioration de la vitesse et de la qualité d'image du rendu basé image." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4004/document.
Full textTraditional photo-realistic rendering requires intensive manual and computational effort to create scenes and render realistic images. Thus, creation of content for high quality digital imagery has been limited to experts and highly realistic rendering still requires significant computational time. Image-Based Rendering (IBR) is an alternative which has the potential of making high-quality content creation and rendering applications accessible to casual users, since they can generate high quality photo-realistic imagery without the limitations mentioned above. We identified three important shortcomings of current IBR methods: First, each algorithm has different strengths and weaknesses, depending on 3D reconstruction quality and scene content and often no single algorithm offers the best image quality everywhere in the image. Second, such algorithms present strong artifacts when rendering partially reconstructed objects or missing objects. Third, most methods still result in significant visual artifacts in image regions where reconstruction is poor. Overall, this thesis addresses significant shortcomings of IBR for both speed and image quality, offering novel and effective solutions based on selective rendering, learning-based model substitution and depth error prediction and correction
Gast-Bray, Andrew. "Relations entre les mattes flottantes et la qualité du revêtement en galvanisation continue." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10115.
Full textMalle, Sidiki. "Études d’association pangénomique pour l’identification des régions génomiques influençant la qualité nutritionnelle chez le soya canadien." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40192.
Full textSoybean is an important source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, and other beneficial nutrients, such as minerals. A major function of protein in nutrition is to provide adequate amounts of amino acids. Although essential for human health and animal nutrition, the sulfur amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) are often limiting and the genetic basis underlying their accumulation in soybeans seeds is poorly characterized. Another factor no less important for the nutritional quality of soybeans is its mineral content, which affects the end-use traits of both the oil and protein fractions as well as the quality of seed (germination rate, vigor of seedlings). Unfortunately, very little attention has been paid to Canadian soybean varieties in terms of their content in sulfur amino acids and important minerals in seeds. The enhancement of seed nutrient content via genetic improvement is considered as the most promising and cost-effective approach to contribute to a healthy and nutritious diet, which provides the consumer with the necessary quantity of nutrients for good health. To facilitate breeding for increased nutritional quality, it is necessary to identify the genetic determinants underlying various nutrients and to develop markers allowing this selection. Currently, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) is the most powerful approach for determining the genetic basis of a trait. In the most favorable cases, not only do these analyses make it possible to identify genomic regions which control all or part of the trait of interest, but they can even make it possible to identify candidate genes which play a direct role in the trait of interest. The goals of this thesis were to determine the genetic basis of key components of the nutritional value of soybeans, namely the seed content in sulfur amino acids (Cys / Met) and four major mineral elements (Ca, K, P and S). In both cases, a GWAS was performed on a collection of 137 lines representative of the genetic diversity encountered in early-maturing Canadian soybeans. In part 1, Cys and Met content were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on seed from five environments in total. Genotypic data for 2.2 M single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to perform an association analysis. In an initial discovery phase based on the data from two environments, we were able to identify a total of ten genomic regions (QTL), most of which were identified for the first time. To ensure the reliability and reproducibility of these QTLs, we validated a large majority of these in three additional environments. These QTLs allowed us to identify two candidate genes, both of which code for proteins involved in cysteine synthesis. In part 2, mineral content was measured in seed of the same 137 lines using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) harvested from five environments in total. The association analyses were carried out with the same genotypic data set (2.2 M SNP) as in part 1. Eight QTLs significantly associated with the Ca, K, P and S content were identified by at least two of the three statistical models used. These QTLs were found to be highly reproducible as they influenced the studied traits in three additional environments. Indeed, seven of the eight QTLs were validated in this fashion. For these QTLs regions, we were able to identify thee candidate gene annotated as being involved in the transport or the assimilation of these mineral elements. Compared to previous studies, the high density of markers used in this study has contributed to the reproducible detection of several new loci associated with the content of sulfur amino acids or mineral elements. In addition, it has made it possible to identify promising candidate genes. The markers and genes identified in this study will be useful for the genetic improvement of soybeans through marker-assisted selection.
Desvignes, Thomas. "Bases moléculaires de la qualité des œufs chez les poissons : analyse fonctionnelle du rôle de gènes candidats de la famille des Nme/Nm23." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARB216.
Full textIn metazoans, early embryonic development relies on gene products, RNAs or proteins, stored in the egg during oogenesis. A previous analysis of oocytes proteome in good and poor quality eggs in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax showed a correlation between the developmental potential of the egg and a protein of the Nme family. This gene family is well known in mammals, but very little was known in teleosts. The aim of the work was thus to characterize this gene family in teleost fish and to study the contribution of the Nme gene to oocyte developmental competence in zebrafish Danio rerio. Egg quality, also called oocyte developmental competence, can be defined as the ability of an egg to be fertilized and subsequently develop into a normal embryo. Through a phylogenetic analysis, the evolutionary history of the Nme gene family in metazoans was deciphered and, paralogy and orthology relationships demonstrated. This led us to propose a unified gene nomenclature for the gene family that is now well accepted by the scientific community. The expression analysis of all genes of the Nme family led to the identification of several candidate genes that could be implicated in oocyte developmental competence. One specific member, nme10, is maternally‐inherited as a messenger RNA in the egg, and was shown to be implicated in early zebrafish embryonic development by functional experiments. This work not only provides a global characterization of the gene family in teleost fish and a unified gene nomenclature, but also provides some new insight into the understanding of oocyte developmental competence mechanisms
Poliakov, Vitalii. "Amélioration de la qualité d'expérience vidéo en combinant streaming adaptif, caching réseau et multipath." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4203/document.
Full textVideo traffic volume grew considerably in recent years and is forecasted to reach 82% of the total Internet traffic by 2021, doubling its net volume as compared to today. Such growth overloads Internet Service Providers' networks (ISPs), which negatively impacts users' Quality of Experience (QoE). This thesis attempts to tackle the problem of improving users' video QoE without relying on network upgrades. For this, we have chosen to combine such technologies as in-network caching, HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), and multipath data transport. We start with exploration of interaction between HAS and caching; we confirm the need of cache-awareness in quality adaptation algorithms and propose such an extension to a state-of-the-art optimisation-based algorithm. Concluding on the difficulty of achieving cache-awareness, we take a step back to study a video delivery system on a large scale, where in-network caches are represented by Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). They deploy caches inside ISPs and dispose of their own outside video servers. As a novelty, we consider users to have a simultaneous connectivity to several ISP networks. This allows video clients either to access outside multipath servers with aggregate bandwidth (which may increase their QoE, but will also bring more traffic into ISP), or stream their content from a closer cache through only single connectivity (bringing less traffic into ISP). This disagreement in ISP and CDN objectives leads to suboptimal system performance. In response to this, we develop a collaboration scheme between two actors, performance of which can approach optimal boundary for certain settings, and discuss its practical implementation
Chabrier, Patrick. "Amélioration de la qualité et du rendement matière des sciages : cas des scies circulaires." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10056.
Full textFor many years, circular saws are more and more used in sawmills. Production imperatives, evolution of customer needs, technology progresses, make the sawmillers choose more and more often circular saws for rip sawing, though kerf losses in this case are higher than for bandsaw blades. So as to increase lumber yield, researches have been made in reducing kerf losses by decreasing saw body. Width, which affects its rigidity, thus its stability. But circular saw vibrations are known to be the worst phenomenon during cutting. So we aim to find the best compromise between problems involved by kerf, saw stability, lumber yield improvement and sawing accuracy. First, we have studied research works made on static and dynamic behaviour, during idling or cutting, of circular saws. Thus, we have been able to identify the main parameters affecting saw stability, centrifugai forces, residual stresses from tensioning, blade temperature and lateral cutting forces. Then, we have introduced these parameters in a finite element analysis so as to compute the bending deflexion of circular saw. Finally, we have developed an experimental device, based on sorne units of an industrial edger, so as to validate this numerical work and face the industrial demand. Thus, in collaboration with a cutting tools manufacturer, we have been able to research the best conditions to prepare circular saws for a cutting process
El, Khalifa Moulay Ahmed. "Amélioration de la qualité des images en tomographie microonde : contribution à une imagerie quantitative." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112203.
Full textHenocq, Vincent. "Étude de l'amélioration de la qualité de l'agar par désulfaltation." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD607.
Full textScibilia, Bruno. "Développement et amélioration des méthodes d'optimisation des procédés par les plans d'expériences." Angers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ANGE0004.
Full textThe quality improvement approach presented in this thesis is based on the taguchi method. Design of experiments are useful to reduce the variability of the performance of a product during its manufacture or use. The objective is to design products, or to adjust process parameters, in such a way that they are more robust to environmental fluctuations. The proposed approach is to model the impact of controllable factors on the effects of noise factors rather than using the taguchi signal-to-noise ratio as an answer. The advantage of this approach is its efficiency in terms of information obtained and its level of accuracy. A sequential approach to eliminate ambiguities due to the existence of confusions in fractional designs is also proposed. This is a problem that experimenters often face. This approach is based on the use of nested designs
Sarraut, Patrick. "Commande avancée de la qualité et de la production d'un procédé de fermentation continue." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0166.
Full textBalin, Savaş. "Amélioration de processus de production de services par la simulation." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090020.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the improvement of services production. We begin the first part by discussing service concepts. We examine two points of view: “conceived quality” and “perceived quality”. Process improvement consists in a process transformation which aims at increasing system “effectiveness” and “efficiency”. We defend that the use of simulation is essential for the instrumentation of services process conception and transformation. In the second part, we discuss simulation techniques: “Object Based Simulation (OBS)”, “Object Oriented Simulation (OOS)” and “Multi-Agent Based Simulation (MABS)”. We claim that OBS can be sufficient to realize objectives mentioned above and to model some of the most important perceived quality dimensions, which is not the common use of this technique. We finish our thesis by discussing the contribution of the simulation on an extremely complex example, a hospital emergency department
Delannoy, Geneviève. "Evaluation multicritère de la qualité d'un projet de restructuration de réseau d'assainissement." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0039.
Full textLn France, for about ten years, studies of drainage system structuration were made to try to solve observed bad workings (flooding, increased pollution of natural environment). Sewer network is in contact with human being, city, and natural environment (sail, lake, river, sea). There is a lot of interactions and it is necessary to take the problem in the aggregate. Our aim was to propose a method to choose a solution between all possible solutions of restructuration. First we made a list of criteria which are able to value con sequences of a project. They belong to four fields hydrology and hydraulic, impact on natural environment, cost and different nuisances. They can be quantitative or qualitative. After, we defined the way to value some of criteria (we used existing tools). We could not build all evaluation tools for lack of theoretical knowledges of time. After that, we chose a multi criteria method to class the to help to take the decision. Finally, we built a software prototype to prove that our is usable into practice
Chebbo, Salim. "Méthodes à compléxite réduite pour amélioration de la qualité des séquences vidéo codées par blocks." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0026.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to propose real time solutions in order to reduce the video compression impairments namely the blocking, the ringing and the temporal flickering. The proposed deblocking filter is mainly based on an adaptive conditional two-dimensional filter, derived from the combination in horizontal and vertical directions of a simple two-mode conditional 1-d filter. Appropriate filters are selected using the local degradation of the image, which is assessed by examining he quantization step as well as the computed spatial pixel activities. The ringing artifact reduction algorithm uses a simple classification method to differentiate at and edge blocks, which are then filtered using a particular weighted median filter. Regarding the temporal impairments, we proposed a new measure to assess the level of these impairments and accordingly estimate the temporal quality of the decoded sequences. The preliminary study of the temporal compression artifacts demonstrated that the level of the temporal fluctuation between consecutive frames is affected by the compression ratio and the group of pictures structure, notably the presence (and period) of intra coded frames in the video sequence. It was also shown that the deringing process reduces the visibility of the mosquito noise, however a temporal filtering remains necessary to reduce the background areas fluctuation. For this reason, we proposed to temporally filter these areas and skip the temporal filtering of moving objects. Finally, the implementation complexity of the proposed solutions was investigated in order to prove the applicability of these solutions for real time applications
Vanappelghem, Clara. "Amélioration et contrôle de la qualité de chicorées mâles stériles cytoplasmsiques à cytoplasme 41. 1." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_184.pdf.
Full textBeaudoin, Sylvie. "Amélioration de la qualité de l'animation dans les activités de Québec en forme (Projet Aqua)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/755.
Full textCaron, Jean. "Les systèmes de vision linéaire pour le contrôle qualité dans les procédés de production continue." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0044.
Full textThis thesis is a support document, aimed at industrialists or scientists familiarized to some extend with line-scan vision systems for web inspection. First, we will describe a comprehensive framework through milestones regarding hardware and software elements needed to define an industrial line scan web inspection system, based on a desktop computer. Lighting and optics, line-scan camera and frame grabber specifications, data processing performance as well as line-scan algorithms are detailed in this section. Then, we will visit three industrial applications that achieve the implementation of the previously described framework. These three applications demonstrate controls performed by most industrial systems : hue control of a pre-weathered zinc roll ; default detection on a reflective plastic film ; compliance analysis of a perforated plastic film roll. For each application, we will detail technological choices, describe implemented algorithms that perform the detection, and explain the results obtained
Diop, Awa. "Évaluation et amélioration de l'échantillonnage par lot pour l'assurance de la qualité (LQAS) pour le suivi de programmes d'aide humanitaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30664.
Full textIntroduced by Dodge and Romig [1959] and popularized by Valadez [1991], Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) is a method widely used by tremendous organizations to tracking their activities (Robertson and Valadez [2006]). It is a simple and economical approach which allow them to make quick decisions about resource allocation. The approach proposed by Valadez consists in carrying out the usual exact binomial test on a proportion where we control both the a and b errors to choose a n size and a critical c threshold. In this study, several issues related to the use of LQAS in practice have been identified and we assessed their impact on Type I and Type II errors. Then, we proposed several solutions such as Fisher’s exact test, Barnard’s exact test, as well as a test based on the normal approximation with and without transformation arcsin( p x) by checking for each of them a and b. We also raised the problem of multiple comparison and proposed a correction using the Bonferroni framework. Finally, we developed a Shiny application on R (https://lqasdesign.shinyapps.io/app1/) to facilitate the practical implementation of each these methods.
Turon, Fabrice. "Amélioration de la qualité nutritionnelle d'une huile de thon : biofaçonnement par une enzyme végétale naturellement supportée." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPTA001.
Full textCerutti, Xavier. "Modélisation numérique et analyse mécanique de l'usinage de grandes pièces aéronautiques : Amélioration de la qualité d'usinage." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0029/document.
Full textThe manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural aerospace parts involves multiple forming (rolling, forging, etc.) and heat treatment steps. The mechanical and thermal loads that the workpieces undergo during these manufacturing steps result in unequal plastic deformation and in metallurgical changes which are both sources of residual stresses. Machining is usually the last manufacturing step during which the final geometry of the parts is obtained. Up to 90% of the initial volume of the workpiece can be removed during the machining of aerospace structural parts which can furthermore have complex geometries. The residual stress redistribution is one of the main causes of the non-conformity of parts with the geometrical and dimensional tolerance specifications and therefore of the rejection of parts.Nowadays, initial residual stresses and their effect during the machining are often not taken into account in the definition of the machining process plan. This work aims to propose an evolution in the establishment of machining process plans of aluminium structural parts. It has been organised along two principal lines of research: a numerical line and a mechanical analysis line.The numerical line is based on the development of a modelling approach and of a numerical tool adapted to the simulation of the machining process. The modelling approach has been defined based on assumptions deduced from literature reviews on aluminium alloys, on the machining process and on residual stresses. A massive material removal approach has then been developed. All the numerical developments have been implemented into the finite element software FORGE® and are suited to a parallel computing environment.The mechanical analysis line is based on the study of the residual stress redistribution and its effect on the workpiece deflections during the machining as well as on the post-machining distortion. A first study on the layer removal method used to determine the initial residual stress profiles in an AIRWARE® 2050-T84 2050-T84 alloy rolled plate has been realised. The simulation of these experiments has allowed a first validation of the numerical tool and to demonstrate the necessity to define machining process plans in function of the residual stresses. Other studies on the influence of some machining process parameters on the machining quality have then been performed. Simulation results have been validated by multiple comparisons with experimental tests, showing the capability of the numerical tool to predict the final machined part geometries.Using the results of the studies mentioned above, a numerical procedure and first recommendations for the definition of machining process plans allowing to obtain the desired machining quality depending on the initial residual stresses have been established
Houyvet, Baptiste. "Identification de peptides antibactériens d'origine marine : Amélioration de la qualité et de la survie du naissain d'huître." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC206.
Full textThe first larval stages of oyster (Magallana gigas) are key steps in the smooth running of the zootechnical course and inthe sustainability of hatcheries, where mortality levels can be high. That is why we searched for new antimicrobialpeptides (AMPs) on two marine organisms, i.e. lionfish (Pterois volitans), which is invasive in the Caribbean Sea, and thecommon cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), which is present in French oyster production areas. The search for AMPs wascarried out preferentially from de novo transcriptomes from these two animals. In lionfish, BLAST analyses allowed forthe identification of 7 transcripts encoding AMPs. Four of them shared strong sequence homology (> 90% identity) withAMPs rich in cysteines and close to hepcidin, LEAP-2, NK-lysin and b-defensin identified in other fish. The other 3transcripts, annotated pteroicidins A, B and C, coded for piscidin-related peptides. The presence of b-defensin andpteroicidin a encoded by pteroicidin A was confirmed in lionfish skin extracts by mass spectrometry. An in-depth studywas conducted on two amide and non-amide forms of pteroicidin a, as well as on several peptides of different sizesderived from pteroicidins B and C. The results highlighted a relationship between structure, amidation, and theantibacterial and hemolytic activities of these different pteroicidins. On the other hand, no AMP was highlighted in theSepia officinalis model using conventional approaches coupling purification and antibacterial tests or BLAST approaches.We therefore developed a more original approach that relies on the design of peptides starting from the transcriptome.Starting from 811 small cysteine-free peptides from the APD database, we determined recurring criteria for charge,hydrophobicity, and amino acid composition. Based on these criteria and on CAMP prediction tools, twelve peptides weresynthesized. Five of them revealed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities. Non-hemolytic antibacterial peptidesderived from cuttlefish were transferred to the hatchery. This transfer was optimized thanks to a preliminary study onthe de novo K4 peptide, which is particularly active on vibrios. The study highlighted the importance of antibacterialpeptide safety on the various links of the trophic chain including oyster, and the importance of the targeted stage ofdevelopment. In addition, we addressed the fate of antibacterial peptides to ensure their biodegradability. Altogether,this work not only helped to identify new AMPs but also to provide the first data on the potential use of these peptidesas an alternative to antibiotics
Marquet, Richard. "Effluents de lits bactérien à faible charge : amélioration des connaissances et de la qualité par filtration tangentielle." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT006G.
Full textNiaré, Tiéma M. "Simplification du protocole de pesées des agneaux en ferme." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT011A.
Full textMarton, Monika. "Recherche de critères de sélection des graminées fourragères pour la qualité, basé sur des références avec animaux." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112466.
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