Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aménagement et planification linguistique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Aménagement et planification linguistique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Scurtu, Natalia. "Aménagement linguistique du roumain en République de Moldavie." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30047.
Full textIn 1989 the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Moldova came along new linguistic laws adopted by the Parliament. The institutionalization of the denomination of the official language, Moldavian language (Constitution of 1994), encountered a strong opposition from the intellectuals, who had approved the identical linguistic nature of the Romanian and Moldavian languages. The Moldavian glottonym refers to the Soviet period of the promotion of the Moldavian language distinct from the Romanian language; a conduct today qualified of political manipulation and failed linguistic experiment. From now on the linguistic planning of the State language requires the Moldavian society to look for adapted solutions, by overcoming some contradictions inherited from the past. Regulation of the relationships between the new independent States originated from the ex-Soviet Union is evolving as well. This evolution leads to the installation of a new relationship dynamic between the different ethnic groups and the language of the State they reside in. We will observe how a language is tangibly recognized as a State language (official). Which pathway followed linguistic planning in Republic of Moldova since its independence? What happens in the symbolic and imaginary space of a State language recognition process? We will observe the position of the State language in the Republic of Moldova in the society through its status and constitutive elements: linguistic reglementation and institutions of linguistic planning, linguistic and educational policies, present sociolinguistic forces (and notably the representations that are assigned to languages, etc.). We will observe its normative, lexical, terminological, graphical, etc. relationship to the standard Romanian
Lefrançois, Nicolas. "Gestion du plurilinguisme au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg : projet de modélisation des politiques linguistiques nationales dans le cadre de l'insertion et de l'intégration des populations étrangères." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30001.
Full textThe Luxembourgish sociolinguistic context, structured around a pluriglossy inscribed diachronically in a secular history, calls for specific language arrangements for the purpose of addressing a particular demographic situation in which nearly 50% of residents are foreign nationals. Varieties imported by foreigners are combined with this historical national trilingualism and widely disseminated within the economic sphere.The first part of this thesis therefore lists the conditions for the existence of a “language policy” according to a historical and geographical context that justifies the presence of linguistic varieties in a given territory. It is intended to base a definition of these varieties on three perspectives: a morphological perspective, a symbolic perspective, and a sociological perspective. Language, seen as a component of a linguistic ecology – according to Einar Haugen –, involves complex political and social arrangements that govern its management according to its propagation environment. The descriptive analysis then focuses on the study of these organisational systems of planning or development, which are translated into national language policies.The second part focuses on current language policies in Luxembourg, which are strained between the dual objective of promoting the national variety, Luxembourgish, and of attracting, by economic necessity, a massive workforce divided into two major groups: French speakers and English speakers. The analysis is based on a double corpus consisting, on the one hand, of a collection of interviews conducted with actors involved in the implementation of these local language policies, and on the other hand, a collection of questionnaires distributed to a sample of foreigners residing and working in the country. Their study reveals a complex sociolinguistic situation which disrupts the hierarchical ranking of the three national languages - French, German and Luxembourgish. The successive linguistic arrangements attempt to reconcile these antagonisms by implying the hypothesis of a progressive orientation of plurilingualism towards a legal predominance of the national language, possibly leading, in the long term, to an official affirmation of a Luxembourg speaking monolinguism
Mpanzu, Mona. "Plurilinguisme, contact des langues et expression francophone en Angola." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1011/document.
Full textThe complexity of the language configuration of several African countries deserves a freshlook at the phenomena of language contact and multilingualism because they introduce newdynamics suitable to be taken into account, to describe and study. Indeed, our researchfocuses on sociolinguistics and language teaching and it attempts to describe and explain alinguistic dynamism revealing a new form of identity in Angola. Communicative process thatthis study intends to highlight is characterized by a range of transgressions that we shallattempt to broach not really as distorted forms or disparity of a given standard language. Weview them as a (re) -appropriation of languages in contact into the communicative field andas an affirmation of a plural identity revealed by the representations of languages andsubconscious positions of Angolan speakers. The objective here is to identify the attitudes ofthe speakers, their sense of linguistic creativity and finally describe the variety of Frenchlanguage practiced in Angola, country with a large number of French speakers andmultilingual therein due to the unprecedented migrations forced by civil wars and colonialrepressions
A complexidade da configuração linguística de vários países da África merece um novo olharsobre os fenômenos de contato de línguas e do plurilinguismo, na medida em queintroduzem novas dinâmicas a serem levadas em conta para descrever e estudar. De fato,nossa pesquisa que gira em torno da sociolinguística e didática de línguas, tenta descrever eexplicar um dinamismo linguístico que revela as dinâmicas identitárias em Angola. Oprocesso comunicativo que este estudo pretende destacar, apresentam uma gama detransgressões que tentamos de abordar não como formas distorcidas ou desvios àdeterminada norma, mas como (re) -apropriação das línguas em contato na esferacomunicativa e como afirmação de uma identidade plural impressa pelas representações delínguas e posições epilinguísticas dos locutores angolanos. Visamos aqui, identificar asatitudes dos falantes, seu senso de criatividade linguística e finalmente descrever o francêspraticado em Angola, que por força das migrações sem precedentes impostas pelas guerrascivis e repressões coloniais, abarca um grande número de falantes de francês e plurilinguesno seu seio
Tinguiano, Jeannot Sâa. "Aménagement linguistique et développement en Guinée." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30032.
Full textThe republic of guinea, following the example of most african countries, is a country where a plurality of national languages and foreing languages coexist. All the studies that looked into the problem of the languages contain more than fifteen or so local languages. This coexistence does not occur without consequences. A status and corpus analysis shows an obvious imbalance between french and guinean languages. French is a exclusive language of the administrative, financial and economic power, of the writing socities power : school system, news papers, correspondence, relations between companies and with the administration, command of the modern technology. The national languages are reserved inter communications and are very seldom resquested for the economic development of country. French as it is spoken in guinea is stamped with phonetic, lexical, syntactic particularities that highly depend on local languages which are guinean native tongues. It has been necessary to consider an arranging of the different languages to facilitate a social intreaction between french and nationallanguags. To be effective, such an arrangement would have to : - define clearly the connections between french and national languages ; - increase the accent on the effective integration of national languages in the country's main branches of industry, in order to guarantee their promotion ; - avoid the promotion of many languages at once as it was the case before. In this perspective, it seems to me that three langua franca (maninka, soso, pular) would have priority considering the advatages that they present : a good number of speakers for each, communication among the languages, and completed research projects on each of them ; - fanally, avoid improvisations caused of the linguistic politic failure of sekou toure's system
Robillard, Didier de. "L'aménagement linguistique : problématiques et perspectives." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10009.
Full textRombaldi, Michel. "Régulation territoriale et planification décentralisée : le cas de la Corse." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0021.
Full textThe new method of regulation being developed and which bas been called territorial, could well become a serious alternative to the crisis of the fordist regulation method. This paradigm is inspired from the basic concepts defined by the theory of regulations and which includes a space variable an important element in the understanding of the movements for transformation that modity successive types of regulation methods. Territorial regulation requives the specification of a territory of a d s t programmed on a european scale. This implies a radical, transformation of state institutions and planning procedures. If this scale is applied to corsica it is quickly apparent that the island has always remained on the finge of regulation movements. Indeed, in an initial period this type of competitive regulation in corsica will come up against the persisting practices of a farm economy with the communuty regulation system that this implies. In the same way the regulations of fordism will be completely in appropriate hene, as they wouted transform non development into bad development. The new state procedures of intervention in the framwork of territorial regulation could open new prespectives to the island7s economy. This on the condition however that they are move widely surported by gennine regional planning, whist remaining in the framwork of european economie. .
MAKAYA, LIKANGAMA JEAN LOUIS. "Le kikongo et ses limites : face a un projet de planification linguistique." Grenoble 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE39020.
Full textThis is a research on the different means through which one could bring to the kikongo language (a language spoken in angola, congo and zaire) the drive it would need to become the official and educationnal language in the three countries named above, not leaving aside the other languages which are ciluba, swahili, lingala and kibundu. First of all we have shoun out the linguistic situation before and after the clash, between the colonial and local languages, and how it is nowadays. Secondly from that linguistic situation we have studied the sociolinguistic situation of the kongo society. Basing ourselves on the congolese instance, we have surveyed the working of both languages in presence : french (as an instance of a colonial language) and kikongo (the language chosen for our study). Thirdly after surveying this sociolinguistic situation, we have felt impelled to suggest some solutions for the futur of the kikongo language. How to obtain an actual balance between the congolese languages and the colonial ones. This balancing would enable us getting to a point where our languages would be fully used and become the languages of the nation. We end up with a proposal for a research on the whole teaching of the languages in presence by chartering the local ones
Chevalier, Bernard. "Planification par projet et organisation territoriale. Initiatives locales : une démarche de développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32022.
Full textThis study, based on several practical experiments, which have been carried out as well in france (provence) as in developping countries (senegal - casamance) is supposed to test the validity and feasability of decentralised planning. The project management, in connection with local initiatives, is in fact an intentionally selective approach, centered on a specific problem, and organized around a concrete project of which the ends are not set in advance. Adapting to a stratified territorial organization, the project management involves at different organizational levels the different territorial strata. This way, the project management promotes a connection between the fonctionnal and the territorial planning. Depending on a collective learning-process, the project management is therefore a superior form of organization creating new forms of partnership
Liu, Xiaoming. "La logistique et aménagement du territoire : comparaisons entre les expériences françaises et chinoises." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1177.
Full textLogistics is a key function in economic development, for production and for distribution, it gives birth to an emerging new industry. Logistics is also a key factor of spatial functioning and organization, requiring an adequate attention and priority in planning. A comparison of Chinese and French experiences dealing with "freight villages" throws light on the major stakes and questions of introducing logistics into urban and regional planning agenda. This thesis tries to take stock of experiences of ways to take into account logistics and his characteristics in urban and regional planning
Striegnitz, Kristina. "Génération d'expressions anaphoriques : Raisonnement contextuel et planification de phrases." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10186.
Full textThis thesis investigates the contextual reasoning involved in the production of anaphoric expressions in natural language generation systems. More specifically, I propose generation strategies for two types of discourse anaphora which have not been treated in generation before: bridging descriptions and additive particles. To this end the contextual conditions that govern the use of these expressions have to be formalized. The formalization that I propose is based on notions from linguistics and extends previous approaches to the generation of co-referential anaphora. I then specify the reasoning tasks that have to be carried out in order to check the contextual conditions. I describe how they can be implemented using a state-of-the-art reasoning system for description logics, and I compare my proposal to alternative approaches using other kinds of reasoning tools. Finally, I describe an experimental implementation of the proposed approach
Safatian, Massoud. "Organisation et aménagement touristique dans la région de Shahsavar-Nowshahr (Iran)." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100238.
Full textN'Zebele, Jérôme. "Télécommunications et aménagement du territoire au Congo." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080775.
Full textThe fondamental role play by telecommunications in social and economic developpement, and spatial planning in congo is no longer strange but real and important because it is a developping country which want to integrate new communications technologies. After this analysis: telecommunications appear as generators of disenclosement and this developpement of isolated aeras structuring therefore the space. This leads to what we call: spatil discrepancy or regional discrepancy: discrepancy accentuated by equipements the outline networks, density, flow, and tariffs these different elements reinforce the weight of two central poles of congo: brazzaville and pointe noire. But the preoccupations of spatial planning must be taken into account to lead to well balanced and well thought of ventilation as regards telecommunications. In this domain we must avoid the mimesis and more over consider the human dimension which determines the future of possible innovation
Araz, Selda. "La planification linguistique en diaspora : analyses linguistiques et sociolinguistiques des travaux du Séminaire Kurmancî." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR101.
Full textSince its emergence in the 1960s, the field of research in language planning and policy has been reserved by definitions and by typologies, for the actions of government bodies on languages (Haugen, 1959; Nahir, 1984; Hornberger, 2006). However, interventions on language(s) issues are no longer limited to state actions. Local governments, non-governmental organizations and language communities are the main actors involved in the defence, revitalization and / or transmission of their languages (Boyer, 2010; Davis, 2014).Therefore, this research aims to study the involvement of speakers in the future of their own language in the diaspora through an analysis based on the actors, their production and their impact. To do this, we will base on the works of the Séminaire Kurmancî, created in 1987 by Kurdish activists in the diaspora, based in Paris, France, and affiliated with the Kurdish Institute of Paris. The Séminaire Kurmancî dedicates its work to the Kurmancî variety of the Kurdish language, which has not been able to benefit from institutional support for the elaboration of a language policy and the application of this policy. Since its creation in 1987, the Séminaire Kurmancî has published the results of its work in their review entitled Kurmancî.Our observation of the profile of permanent members (11), former members (11) and occasional participants (17) of the Séminaire shows that they are all speakers committed to the promotion and maintenance of the kurmancî. Our study of their production, i.e. the review Kurmancî(63 issues in total) shows that the fields of action of the Séminaire Kurmancî concern the internal aspects of Kurmancî. These actions fall into two categories: 1) collecting of words from multiple oral and written sources and 2) neological propositions in the fields of scientific and technical vocabulary. With regard to the first category of Séminaire’s actions, our corpus of 155 lexical entries drawn from two sources (local speeches and literary classics of Kurmancî) has shown that the language policy of the Séminaire basis of a descriptive approach. With regard to the second category of action of Séminaire Kurmancî, the linguistic analysis of 106 neological propositions from five domains (linguistics, law, journalism, football, computer science) revealed that the aim is to taking advantage of internal and external matrices in the creation of neologisms. The study of the level of dissemination of neologisms shows the magazine Kurmancî is a pre-dictionary inventory from which the Kurdish-French Dictionary (2017) mainly benefits
Olivry, Didier. "Participation des communautés locales et groupes d'intérêts à la planification et la gestion des projets hydrauliques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1985. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569479.
Full textLibourel, Éloïse. "Le corridor ferroviaire méditerranéen : planification, politisation et territorialisation d'un projet d'aménagement." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1180/document.
Full textThe Mediterranean corridor stands at the meeting point of a Spanish railway project in the 1920s and a second project which has formed part of the Trans-European Networks of Transport since the 1990s. The subject is thus this coastal axis, including cities, activities and infrastructure. The bottom line is the idea that the Mediterranean corridor has to be placed in a territorial context that is plural. Indeed, it is both perennial, within the scope of the long-term timeline of the construction and planning of the Spanish territory, and evolving within the political temporality of the planning process and its successive stages. It also has an inherent multiscalar component due to the institutional process and to its impact on the territory. Our hypothesis is that in Spain the corridor involves an interaction with the political and economic questions, so that it cannot be simply considered as a transport project (yet not materialized by infrastructure), and should rather be tackled through its political dimension. Right at the meeting point of these stakes, we have chosen to use a territorial approach, contrary to the majority of works that have been dedicated to this subject. This territorial angle makes it possible to study the Mediterranean corridor through its spatial dimension, taking into account both the economic and political questions that shape the corridor in its territorial aspect and the various implications of the project on this territory at all scales. This thesis develops two main ideas. The first ambition of this work is to understand how this project, which began as a plan for infrastructure as part of a decision-making process regarding spatial planning, then became a powerful factor in the rearticulation of the roles of the different stakeholders and the reinterpretation of the paradigms of planning at all scales. We will then be able to investigate the dialectics between the various institutional levels on the one hand and between the various territorial scales (European, national, regional and local) on the other hand. The integration of the project within the territories can be performed through different forms of territorialisation, both material and immaterial, from the construction of railway equipment to the rearticulation of the roles of the stakeholders within a given territory. We therefore witness a double process of politisation of the local interests through the action of business associations at the regional level, and depolitisation of the debate about the corridor as the project reaches a European level. Three key outcomes emerged from this work based on a methodology relying mainly on interviews as well as the study of planning documentation and the manifestations of the Mediterranean corridor in the public debate. The first idea is that, given its plasticity, the corridor becomes indeed a political subject: it is both a project for infrastructure with evolving characteristics and a catalyst gathering different interests around a common objective. Secondly, as it corresponds to different territorial representations and objectives, the Mediterranean corridor cannot be materialized as infrastructure because this materiality would deprive it from its role as a federator of interests and would therefore destroy the fragile unity that was made possible by its claim. This inherent material impossibility of the Mediterranean corridor is at the same time a fundamental component of its position as a mediator between the different stakeholders. Finally, being at the centre of a territorialisation process that is indeed plural, the Mediterranean corridor echoes all three meanings of this concept: it is one of the avatars of the major European and Spanish spatial structures; it is also a factor of the emergence of new territorial structures at a local scale; and it allows a reorganisation of the interactions of the different stakeholders around a project, within its very own spatial manifestation
Chansou, Michel. "Recherches en sociolexicologie : vocabulaires techniques et aménagement lexical en français contemporain." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030078.
Full textThe aim of this research is to study the different social, economic, political - and linguistic - aspects of lexical development in contemporary french. It more particulary concerns technical vocabularies, wich today account for the greater part of the enrichment of french vocabulary. The research was carried out from two angles, corresponding to the two parts of the work. In the first part a history of lexical planning in french from 1950 to 1994 is presented (private initiatives, language policy actions, the reactions of public opinion). In the second part five case studies are examined, each being a very limited field of observation designed to bring out in concrete terms the interplay of the forces brought to bear on lexical development
Chareille, Samantha. "Aménagement linguistique et constitution d'un ensemble régional : le cas du Mercosur (Argentine, Brésil, Paraguay et Uruguay) et du Chili." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030055.
Full textBeing a new political, economical and professional area, the common Market of the South, is also a new linguistic and cultural area, a place of many references. Defined by is multilingualism and its many cultures, the Mercosur maintains its meaning through its respect of languages and cultures. The idea that the sense of belonging to the common Market is found in embryonic form in each national culture, is pure fiction. Besides, the resurgence of the innermost identities within the member-States proves that the market identity can be neither universal, which would mean denying the differences, nor specific, which would help to exacerbate them. It is obvious that the problem is far from being simple. The outcome of this quest for identity will depend on the ability to carefully handle an area of cultural diversity, a place of common allegiance, without losing the sense of Mercosurian citizenship. Through this research, and taking the case of the Mercosur and Chile, we intend to tackle a group of questions regarding the connection between the national linguistic policies (or visible lack of national linguistic policies) and the macro economical developments against background of community, identity and local assertion on the other hand. From this standpoint, we shall see the Mercosur - not only as it is factually but also as it is represented – constitutes less of a central force than a dynamic boundary of a moving area where it proceeds as a pointer and a catalyst, or even as an instrument to consciousness towards a reflection and initiative concerning the polities of language
Diop, Mor. "Aménagement de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : formation paysanne et processus de responsabilisation." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30025.
Full textSummary : a brief presentation of the physical and human environment to delimit the context of the study is followed by an analysis of the historical development of the area. The work them focuses on the difficulties and constraints that have delayed participation and responsabilisation of the farmers in the operation and management of differents types of perimeters in the delta and the senegal river valley. The study is particularly concerned with issues related to agricultural extension through the analysis of the relations between extension workers and farmers. The work concludes by giving a fameworh of the basis of smallholder agriculture development well structured and self sustained in the dynamics of the post-dams era
Touré, Mamoutou. "Planification et développement régional en Côte d'Ivoire : le Nord ivoirien, une région marginalisée." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3023.
Full textIncluding in a national economy exporting in base and more concentrated on southern forestery arboriculture, North of Ivory Coast could not developed his potentiality. Correctives policies applied since the independance have allowed to make up lost time in part. Nowadays, the North is well secure from Ivory Cost economy and People of the North have renforced their implantation in various economics sectors in forest areas. If the contemporany development of northerns savannahs is marked by the relative sucess, since the end of 1970 years, the interventionist state is confrontated to an accused recession which seriously limit his capacities of national and regional development, and redistribution. Agriculture is touched by the structural fall of international Price and the state regulations implode because of the IFM (International Monetary Fund) requirements, and privates businessmen. December 24th, 1999 Coup and September 2002 rebellion are probably revealing the crisis model. The actual politic debate is without any risk for the laters evolutions. If the controversies participate in a democratic debate about how to find a new national project, they underline too the danger of political excess which stronghly weaken the national cohesion by probably making a stop to the development of the North of Ivory Coast
Dormois, Rémi. "Coalitions d'acteurs et règles d'action collective dans les dynamiques de planification urbaine : une comparaison entre Nantes et Rennes (1977-2001)." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10041.
Full textMendes, Paul. "La langue française aux îles du Cap-Vert : réalités et perspectives de politique et planification linguistiques et éducatives." Grenoble 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39017.
Full textThe french language in Cape Verde, from the discovery of the archipelago till nowadays, has known an evolution never really studied in its totality. A diachronic and synchronic analysis of this evolution permits to enhance a set of factors that have determined and determine the various realities to which is submitted this language in the Capverdean context. One raises among these factors the presence on the archipelago of speakers and french-speaking structures and their conscious or unconscious actions in favor or to the detriment of the development of french language in the country. In the same way to this situation, there are also two other parameters not less important that are, on the one hand, the linguistic and educational policies and plannings set up and developed by a legal entity and which concern, in particular, the french language on the archipelago, and on the other hand, the different representations of this language that come from certain categories of the population and structures of the capverdean society. These different factors and parameters explain largely the realities to which the french language is submitted on the archipelago. Ln their turn these realities are going to act on the curve of evolution of this language because of impacts they are going to have on its teaching/learning process but also on the teachers training of this language (which, according to the capverdean context, constitute the two main columns sustaining ail actual development politics of the french as a foreign language). These impacts can be positive and or negative and therefore contribute or harm to the actual development of the french in the country. Conscious of interdependence links (conscious or unconscious) that bind these agents between them and to situations intervening directly or indirectly in the development of the French language on the archipelago, we judge important, or even indispensable, to act upstream on the factors and parameters initially presented in order to favor the emergency of optimal conditions that can facilitate the above mentioned development
Tarlet, Jean. "Intégration des données de l'environnement naturel dans l'aménagement et la gestion de l'espace par la méthode de Planification Ecologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10084.
Full textThe economic development of the past decades has led to anarchic spreading of human settlements, mainly urban and industrial areas, and damage to the environment, even sometimes real disasters, when human communities are established in hazard-prone areas. This involves a double set of problems : - the efficient land development control through planning policy - the taking into account of natural values within these planning processes. The point is that of a relevant method. The "ecological planning" method seems more interesting, and more complete than the single-purpose and single-area study processes used about environmental impact assessments. The basic principles of ecological planning method are : 1) to isolate environmental study during a first step. 2) to analyse the whole range of environmental items 3) to synthesize progressively environmental data through interpretation and step-by-step integration. By merging these environmental syntheses and the needs expressed through socio-economic studies, the suitable planning policy can appear, linked to the technical possibilities available. Many case studies have been undertaken world wide and notably in europe, following the ecological planning method. Three french case studies are presented here. Although the same principles had been applied, application technics evolved : integration processes have been improved, like combination and calculation proceedings, thank to geographic information systems. Given the overall present situation (demographic and technological development, megalopolis sprawling), one could expect an increasing pressure over the environment (water, soils, forests). Such a method seems then more and more useful
Fabre, Caroline. "Géographie du commerce et aménagement urbain dans les Alpes-Maritimes : acteurs et stratégies pour le schéma de développement commercial." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST3024.
Full textThe purpose of this research was to analyze the taking into account of the commercial equipment in the urban development of the particular territory of the Alpes-Maritimes through the elaboration of a departmental document of planning which, imposed at the national level, puts in play local strategies. For a long time, trade remained marginal in urban policies, leaving it under the sole influence of the economic market. However, it is one of the founding elements of the city. French trade urban planning, appearing with Law ROYER of December 27, 1973, posed a national framework in regard to authorization of commercial establishment and planning in response to a national issue of divergence between “small” businesses of downtown areas and “large” businesses of peripheries. In a national context of devolution for the benefit of the local authorities and of urban planning put back on the agenda with law SRU, the Decree n°2002-1369 of November 20, 2002 and the Circular of February 3, 2003 established the methods of development of the trade development plan (SDC) envisaged by Law ROYER. With the publication of these texts of application, the State obliged all the ODEC of France to carry out such a document on a departmental scale. Thus, the Alpes-Maritimes were brought to reflect on this particular urban function hitherto untreated on this scale. A department bordering the Mediterranean and located in the south-west of Europe and the extreme south-east of France, it is next to Ligurie, the bordering Italian province. With more than one million inhabitants, the Alpes-Maritimes surrounds the Principality of Monaco and includes the urban space of Nice of which the influence of its services extends well beyond its perimeter. The natural elements dictated and guided its human establishment which forms a conurbation bordering the Mediterranean. Its specific socio-demographic characteristics and its internationally recognized tourist attraction affect the local commercial equipment. Its mission of development was thus entrusted to the very new structure of coherence of the time as regards regional planning, the Agency of town planning. Helped very narrowly by the CCINCA on the technical aspects, it impelled a partnership dynamics and of dialogue without precedent at the time of the step of elaboration of the document. How this document of planning dedicated to the trade was carried out ? How did it approach the presentation of the commercial reinforcement ? Which positionings had the various actors? Which impact had then on the department ? Lastly, how can it fall under the recent evolution of the national legislative framework ? This analysis is carried out from an original point of view twinning the assets of the application of geographical competences within the professional life and of university geographical research. Different the point-keys from the diagnosis are approached and supplemented in particular by a qualitative approach of space. Thus, the SDC made it possible to highlight the various strategies of commercial development which take shape within the department as well as the positioning of the various implied organizations. Three main consensual trends that are “the trade like economic and tourist development tool”, “a coherent commercial installation on the territory” and “a necessary installation of tools of coherence, follow-up and anticipation” finally emerged. After examination of the diagram draft by the ODEC on July 11, 2005, the Decision n°2005-517 of September 23 of the same year adopted the document over the period 2005-2011. This research thus contributes to the knowledge of an original territory that are the Alpes-Maritimes through a legislative framework imposed at the national level. It takes part by the means of the trade in the definition of individualities and their weight in the regional planning. The integration of commercial trade urban planning in the commun urban planning is moving with the adoption of the Law of Modernization of Economy (LME), raises many questions and opens new prospects for scientific research. It materializes by the insertion of the commercial theme in the SCOT and the PLU. On the other hand, the LME does not make mention with a departmental SDC and repealed the paragraph of the Commercial law which integrates it in the missions of the ODEC. Taking into consideration these legal evolution, it is extremely probable that the SDC will not be reactualized. With the appearance of the SDC, commercial planning in geography was followed and analyzed in a fine way by A. METTON since these last tens of years. Other geographers also invested themselves on these questions. Present research relating to the application of a national legislation at the particular case of the territory of the Alpes-Maritimes thus fits quite naturally in this current of study
Tairova, Elvira. "Bilinguisme et politiques linguistiques et éducatives au Tatarstan." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30063.
Full textThis work goes along the principal lines of language and educational policy in the context of Tatarstan. After a survey of various aspects of the given sociolinguistic situation ( including the media, educational system, literary activities) we’ll analyse a specific area of language planning – that of writing system options – from an interdisciplinary perspective associating historical and sociolinguistic approaches. The second part is dedicated to discourse analysis based on the body of interviews and questionnaires; it explores the sociolinguistic representations and stereotypes functioning in the officially bilingual context
Jacquot, Thierry. "Discours stratégique et stratégies du discours des dirigeants d'entreprise : les conditions de production, la diffusion et les logiques d'expression." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998VERS1005.
Full textThis research falls within the scope of strategic management, corporate communication, and language science. It includes the strategic and managerial dimension of the discourse of french managers in charge of large companies. The approach favoured, both empirical and inductive consists in the techniques of content analysis and lexicometric analysis. The study is based on a sample of 500 "messages" taken from managing directors' annual corporate reports during 4 periods of observation : 1976, 1983, 1987, 1991. The thesis is divided into 4 parts. The first part sets out to highlight concepts so as to identify the foundary qualities of strategic thinking, the dissemination of, and the scope of strategic corporate discourse, then its informative and persuasive functions (of rationalization, energizing, confidence, identity, legitimacy. . . ). The second part bears out the methodology using a variety of studies and methods. The third part is devited to the conditions in which the "messages" were produced and their explicit and implicit content (performative, normative and magic discourse). The long term development of managerial language is analysed through 12 dimensions structuring the thesaurus built up (strategy, context, actors,. . . ), the diversity of representations conveyed and the rethoric implemented. The last part focuses on the contingency of discourse in its strategic vocation. The lexical content and the lexical content and the thematic structure of the "messages" highlight the mains concerns, the coherence of their construction and thier pathology. The use of techniques of data analysis reveals the discrepancy between different speech logics (E. G. : factual vs managerial). Finally, it is the combinations of these which make up, firstly, a typology of forms of managerial language (or strategies of discourse) and secondly, a typology of managing directors. These results are assessed via profile characteristics of companies
Bages-Béchade, Sylvie. "Analyse comparative des conditions de planification et d'occupation des sols en France et en Espagne à travers les instruments de régulation." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10026.
Full textPortal, Eric. "La planification stratégique et la programmation des investissements dans les collectivités territoriales françaises : analyse empirique et essai de typologie." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010256.
Full textKaba, Sékou. "L'aménagement linguistique en Afrique au lendemain des indépendances : l'expérience guinéenne : rétrospective et perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24931.
Full textMoujahid, Abdelfettah. "Le "gouvernement" du Grand Casablanca à l'épreuve de la gouvernance urbaine : gouvernance, planification et aménagement urbains du Grand Casablanca." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30009.
Full textThe recent appliance of Governance concept and practices to the territorial field raises the question of whether this Governance may constitute an appropriate solution to the governability crisis of our cities. Despite heavy investment in terms of human resources, infrastructures and urban planning studies, the Grand Casablanca “Government” finds it hard (or: has been unable) to produce a sustainable and coherent urban policy. This is due to Governance mechanisms’ complexity as well as to an unfavourable institutional framework (driven by the Wali) to transversal cooperation co-operation and planning. As a consequence, socio-spatial disequilibrium and improvisation in the implementation of major endeavours still constitute the main obstacles to urban planning and management. Given this context, should the “government” impose upon the territory criteria of good governance with its share of incertitude and reforms, or opt –instead- for the current governability system improvement? Many experiences show that it is possible to optimize the resources available within the present environment
Cantaroglou, Frédéric Louis Marie. "Le rôle de l'industrie dans la mise en œuvre de la planification urbaine et de la planification territoriale en France de 1850 à 1946." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE29046.
Full textHoeffner, Werner. "L'ouvrage public et le droit international." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0042/document.
Full textThe study aims to analyse the various interactions between international law and the State's right to use its land, granted by its territorial sovereignty. The study provides numerous examples of these interactions (construction of public works by a riparian State of an international watercourse, legal effects attached to the construction of such public works under the UN Convention of the Law of the Sea, rights and obligations of multilateral development banks, etc)
Nser, Khaled. "La planification urbaine en Libye et dans sa capitale Tripoli." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5033.
Full textSince 1969, Libya benefited from a vast program of development which contributed to the development of the economic and social situation on the territory. In parallel, the country couldn't avoid several phenomena such as the anarchistic urbanization and the emergence of large cities which caused an urban dysfunction and an imbalance in the geographical distribution of the population since on the national scale. Libyan space is of monocephalic structure, polarized on the littoral, thus creating interrogional disparities. Although, since 1970, Libya applied several policies of development to limit the continuing pressure in the large cities, especially in Tripoli, and to solve the problems which emerged in those cities, the difficulties endure. According to the preceding elements, we directed our research towards the nature of the relationship between the phenomenon of urbanization and the city planning. Our work is articulated around three parts. The first part deals with theoretical issues, namely definitions of the concepts and mechanisms related to city planning. The second and the third parts refer to this phenomenon in a socio-historic perspective : we thus analyze it by underlining the importance of events which left their mark on certain symbolic sites
Nkolla, Ndema Moussa Séverin. "Federalisme et amenagement du territoire- "les exceptions et les expedients constitutionnels, legislatifs, jurisprudentiels et politiques des systemes federaux et leurs effets en amenagement du territoire, en urbanisme et en planification regionale aux u. S. A. , en r. F. A. Et au." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIMD003.
Full textGenerally, researchers usually say that federal system is the one which protects local powers and local governements against the domination of the center or the federal government. This is accepted every time when you compare federal state to the other form of state and mainly to the unitary one. The content of this thesis is specially based on the distribution of competences between local governments and the the federal government. But when you study the regional development in the federal states and you oppose it to the structure of the state, you may note that this difference is not so evident. Therefore, we may note that this difference although remaining, is now small because of the existence of exceptions and expedients in federal constitutions and in the federal system itself. In that way we can say that this formally difference is now the difference of degree of decentralization and not really the difference of nature because of the political, social and economic role and influence of contemporary states
Alhamid, Sofyan. "Plurilinguisme et glottopolitique en Palestine : discours et représentations sociales." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL607.
Full textThis present research deals with of glottopolitic questions. More precisely, in the very beginning we raise this following issue : What is the glottopolitical attitude of both Israeli State and the Palestinian authority with regard to the linguistic coexistence between Hebrew and Arabic in Palestine ? Assuming that this contact of the languages is a conflictual diglossia, this work stresses the role which be could played by the Palestinian Authority (being under the Israeli occupation) in the management of its plurilingualism in this context of linguistic competition. In addition to the linguistic coexistence between Hebrew and Arabic, there is in Palestine a remarkable sociolinguistic phenomenon which invades country's walls. Otherwise, everywhere in Palestine, we find graffiti on walls. Consequently, the Palestinian people are a part and parcel of the country's linguistic management for they use the language as an instrument as the walls as the support to express themselves. As an aspect of the Palestinian glottopolicy and a reality of the country's linguistic environment, this graffiti phenomenon is considered here from a sociolinguistic point of view
Hachim, Bukusu Ndongala. "Aménagement linguistique en milieu scolaire angolais : une étude fondée sur l'analyse de l'apprentissage du portugais par des francophones angolais." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3041.
Full textMadanchi, Shahzad. "Diversité des langues et politiques linguistiques en Iran." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3004.
Full textContemporary Iran has a population of 78 million inhabitants who speak a variety of languages; its official and majority language Persian co-exists with many languages which are more or less used in different situations and count a variable number of speakers. The linguistic diversity of the country is the bedrock of the cultural identity and of the various traditions of the speakers of these many languages; it has made it necessary to define a linguistic policy to define both the role and thepromotion of the official language and the rights of all linguistic minorities. This dissertation is based upon an ethno-sociolinguistic methodology and focuses on the case of Iran, notably on Iranian languages, cultural identity, the status of linguistic minorities. It resorts to the various theories and scholarly interpretations of linguistic politics to analyze and question this context within the frame of linguistic planning and the decision making process of officials who developlinguistic policies in Iran. Thus our study is based upon the three stages of linguistic planning, that is the definition of the corpus, status and acquisition, it aims at highlighting the significance of the work of the Persian Language andLiterature Academy in the planning of linguistic interventions in the country. Il also highlights the sociolinguistic status of minorities in Iran thanks to fieldwork surveys. The analysis of the policies that have been implemented as well asthe results of surveys point out that the measures or their implementations are insufficient. This has therefore led to some linguistic demands connected with the geopolitical situation of the country
Groud, Hervé. "Aménagement du territoire et politique industrielle : le rôle des collectivités locales." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMD002.
Full textTown and country planning, begin in the sixties, was not as centralised as it often claimed. Local communities had to participate in the various stages of its development to give it a concrete form. But it's even more surprising to note that, before 1982, they conceived their own planning as the state was more concentrating its efforts on an industrial policy. Now plan contracts enable regions determine the planning of their area. The uniformity of this policy depends on the ability of regions to summon up local initiatives expressing themselves in leading schemes and intermunivipal charters and on the degree of autonomy given to the region prefects. The system of help set up in 1982 is not perfect. In the future, the participation of regions in the capital of local financial societies and the signature of conventions with banks should permit to diversify the systems of actions and to make it more efficient
Medina, do Nascimento Judite. "La croissance et le système de gestion et de planification de la ville de Praia, (Rep. Du Cap-Vert)." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL033.
Full textIn order to understand the urban growth of Praia city, we asked to ourselves several questions, to which we tried to give an answer throughout the different chapters of the present thesis : a) what are the demographic characteristics (structure and arrangement) of the city population and how it developed throughout its history ? How the urban space is distinguished taking into account the level of comfort of the population and how this influences the urban growth ? How the characteristics of the buses network and the characteristics of the urban system of roads influenced the access to the city blocks ? What are the characteristics of the management and planning system of the city ? What kind of growth can we identify in Praia and what are the relationship among them, as well as the relationship between the demographic and social characteristics of the resident population and the structure of the management and planning system in Praia ? From these questions we did a diagnosis of the city situation, we identified the main problems and finally, we presented some possible solutions to these problems
Mourtajji, Loubna. "Discours et actions stratégiques chez les dirigeants : une analyse des déterminants d'incohérence au regard des rapports d'activité de grandes entreprises françaises." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN0607.
Full textBertrand, François. "Planification et développement durable : vers de nouvelles pratiques d'aménagement régional ? : l'exemple de deux régions françaises : Nord-Pas-de-Calais et Midi-Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012142.
Full textNous sommes partis de l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'introduction du développement durable en tant qu'objectif prioritaire de la planification contractualisée modifie les "façons de faire" l'aménagement régional, c'est à dire les pratiques de conception et les contenus des politiques de développement régional, et plus largement les modalités de fonctionnement du système d'aménagement régional. Enfin, nous voulions vérifier que la problématique du développement durable se décline régionalement, notamment à travers le processus de planification, en renouvelant les discours sur l'avenir régional et en produisant des conceptions territoriales spécifiques du développement durable.
Depuis la naissance de la DATAR et même avant, le niveau régional apparaît comme l'espace de prédilection pour la mise en œuvre des politiques d'aménagement et de planification du territoire national. L'histoire même des Régions symbolise la modernisation de toute l'organisation territoriale française. Et les Contrats de Plan Etat-Région (CPER) sont devenus, en l'espace de quatre générations, des instruments incontournables de l'aménagement régional et une forme emblématique du nouvel aménagement "à plusieurs".
La préparation des CPER 2000-2006, couplée à l'élaboration des programmes régionaux au titre des Fonds Structurels européens (DOCUP), constitue alors un moment privilégié pour analyser les modalités et les formes des éventuelles déclinaisons régionales du développement durable, notamment à travers le développement des dispositifs d'évaluation censés mesurer les avancées en la matière. Plus largement, c'est une période riche pour observer les conséquences possibles de l'adoption de l'objectif de durabilité sur le fonctionnement du système d'aménagement régional.
La première partie de la thèse se propose d'éclaircir les origines diverses et les tensions abritées au sein de la problématique du développement durable, afin de pouvoir déterminer les spécificités de la question de sa spatialisation. Elle s'attache ensuite à établir les caractéristiques de l'aménagement régional, notamment celles liées à la contractualisation de la planification régionale.
La seconde partie regroupe l'analyse de l'exercice de conception de la planification régionale contractualisée (CPER et DOCUP) sur la période 1998-2000, au niveau national dans un premier temps, puis plus précisément dans deux Régions menant des activités en matière de développement durable : Nord-Pas-de-Calais et Midi-Pyrénées.
La dernière partie revient sur les principaux enseignements de cette recherche, notamment par un éclairage européen.
Far-Hat, El Hassan. "Le développement décentralisé au Maroc : dynamique spatiale et planification régionale : le cas de la région Chaouia-Ourdigha." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30003.
Full textThe crisis is not only economical, it is also an institutional crisis. The main gool of Moroccan State was to garanty a social and economical development and to maintain its antority on the whole national territory. In fact because of its importance, the central government has reduce the power of local authorites in the realisation of a non centralised development. Taking advantage of its dominant position, the state planication tave the spatial geography without taking care of local problems this is why we can see so much social and economical differences between a useful Morocco and another that is useless. The territorial is now trying to get along with local developement demands this, the "provincialisation" as the "régionalisation" have not succeded in reaching tis last goal that is why local and regional development can be an alternative that could allowed locals authorities to work more on this new way our work is now divided ou two parts, the first step is trying to explain the political, economical and social issued from provincialisation and the regionalisation of 1971. It is through those serls failures. The region of Chaouia-Ourdigha stand up. On the second part we are trying to stand study the geographical dynamics that is merging from the new organisation of the social and economical development at the level of Chaouia-Ourdigha. This why we will study first the economical and geographical space of the région of Chaouia-Ourdigha and after we will deal with the urban system. We will and our study by proposing a strategy of amenagement and development, and by showing the urban, rural and economical dynamics through several hypothesis
Dang, Vu Khac. "Subsidence et planification territoriale : le cas d’Ha Noi, Vietnam." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH016.
Full textUrbanization with the concentration of activities in cities contributes to the increase in demand for water services. However, the overexploitation of this resource can cause adverse effects on the environment. One of the effects is the subsidence whose essential causes are strongly related to the consequences of an accelerated urbanization process. Since the 1990s, the previous studies using measurements in situ confirmed deformations in the city-center of Ha Noi (the capital of Vietnam). Few studies have yielded a spatial characterization on the extent of the new urban region and especially for recently urbanized areas in the South and West of the city-center according to the Master Plan approved in 2011. The thesis aims to generate a map of the subsidence in this region for providing an usable information to civil protection by the actors involved in the urban planning in order to avoid or to optimize the development in sensitive area by the realization of planning documents, issued from geospatial data analysis structured in a Geographic Information System. The thesis therefore addresses the subsidence by proposing a methodology based on multi-temporal InSAR with the images ALOS acquired from 2007 to 2011 through which a quantification of subsidence on the territory of Ha Noiwas carried out. Thus a strong difference appears between the two banks of the Red River. The North bank of Red river remains much more static while the South bank presents vertical maximum rates of subsidence of 68mm/year. A map of the subsidence rates has been realized to identify the "sensitive" three "sensitive" sites in districts of Hoang Mai, Ha Dong and Hoai Duc. Identified factors that contribute to this phenomenon can be classified depending on geological and hydrological factors, socio-economic factors relating to the water resource, and use, and territorial planning. The interpretation of the results confirmed that the phenomenon is linked to a combination of several factors : the role of the unsaturated geological layers, the decrease of the water supply aquifers by pumping resulting in undermining process, the role of urbanization and the different types of building foundations. The conversion of subsidence velocity to contour lines allows facilitating the integration with different layers of geospatial data in order to provide a decision making tool in the risk management
Blanchart, Anne. "Vers une prise en compte des potentialités des sols dans la planification territoriale et l’urbanisme opérationnel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0203/document.
Full textUrban areas, in addition to global environmental issues, concentrate major local environmental concerns such as air quality, urban heat island and flood mitigation. To tackle those issues, every land surface should be considered as a potential supplier of ecosystem services. However, the urban soils contribution remains poorly assessed up to now. As a result, there is a strong lack of consideration by urban planning of the services that urban soils could provide. So, the main goal of this PhD is to propose a methodology that facilitates an advanced integration of urban soils potentials in urban planning. A national survey and some individual interviews with actors of urban planning were conducted. These actors have progressively developed a systemic consideration of urban soils, and do not yet consider them only as land surfaces. Then, soil sampling campaigns were carried out on 10 urban projects, located in three urban areas with contrasted pedoclimatic contexts (Métropole du Grand Nancy, Métropole Aix-Marseille Provence, Nantes Métropole). The description of the pedological pits and the physico-chemical characterization of soil samples led us to conduct a comparative study of their quality. It appears that 49% of the studied soils were not highly anthropized soils (e.g. Anthrosols, Technosols) and presented bio-physico-chemical properties which were similar to surrounding agricultural soils. The results also showed that the highly anthropized soils presented a high variation of their properties. The results of the physico-chemical characterization had been feed into a decision support tool. This DSS could evaluate the capacity of an urban soil to provide some fonctions and ecosystem services. It appears that the highly anthropized soils were able to provide levels of ecosystem services that were equivalent to, or even higher, than those provided by agricultural soils. In result, it has been demonstrated that urban soils could provide some ecosystem services in order to answer to environmental, social and economic challenges. So, the consideration of the potential of soils in an urban project could contribute to improve sustainability of cities, by optimizing the uses of urban soils and preserving the most multifunctional
Zhuo, Jian. "Vers un aménagement de l'Espace-temps - Enjeux et modalités de la prise en compte des vitesses de déplacements dans la planification urbaine." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355952.
Full textVigneron-Bosbach, Jeanne. "Analyse contrastive des marqueurs genre en français, like en anglais, et so en allemand dans des corpus d'oral et d'ecrit présentant un faible degré de planification." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT5004.
Full textThrough a multi-theoretical approach, and using a corpus of authentic examples of unplanned conversations, this dissertation aims at describing the markers genre in French, like in English and so in German. This contrastive analysis is based on the observation that these three words display similar non-standard functions across languages despite their different origins and standard functions. Their common features are investigated from the theoretical perspective of « grammaticalization » as a type of linguistic change. Through the observation of the study corpus, we analyze genre, like and so with different theoretical tools, syntactic and macro-syntactic, prosodic and enunciative. In « list » configurations, such as enumerations, reformulations or interrupted segments of spoken discourse, we present how these three words work as markers of the progressive construction of discourse. This study further investigates the quotative function of genre, like and so as a strikingly congruent feature
Cacqueray, Mathilde de. "La planification des espaces maritimes en France métropolitaine : un enjeu majeur pour la mise en œuvre de la Gestion Intégrée de la Mer et du Littoral." Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656090.
Full textOver the centuries society has modified its representation of marine space, moving from the concept of «empty oceans» to that of «saturated seas ». Indeed, in addition to « traditional» established activities (commercial fishing, navigation etc,) have been superimposed the intensification of certain practices (extraction of marine aggregates, leisure navigation etc. ) and also new activities which, until now, have been purely terrestrial or coastal but which are destined for development in the open sea (marine renewable energy, offshore aquaculture etc. ). In the face of these new developments, the necessity of conserving the marine environment has also encouraged the multiplication of marine protected areas (marine nature parks, Natura 2000 sites, etc. ). There is thus an increase in the demand for maritime space which the actual availability of space cannot respond to, outside of integrated management enabling the cohabitation between ail the various maritime activities. But the particularities of maritime space call for a specific approach. Nowadays, lntegrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a procedure which is recognized at an international level in response to these issues. But its applications are still too often limited to an experimental stage and the feedback on experiments show that they are limited to coastal land or to confine maritime spaces. It is in this context that Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) would seem to be useful, enabling the extension of the principles of ICZM towards the sea. After studying the implications of MSP, in particular thanks to the analysis of existing experiences at an international level, this thesis focuses on an evaluation of the position of France in relation to MSP in the context of the elaboration of its strategy of Integrated Management of the Sea and Coastline (IMSC). The theoretical aspects of MSP are compared to the conditions on the ground at different levels and, in particular, to those of the maritime basin of Lorient. This approach enables the identification of key elements and issues related to the application of MSP in the context of metropolitan France
Rurangirwa, Straton. "Les politiques linguistiques du Rwanda. Enjeux, bilan et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030031.
Full textThe whole population of Rwanda speaks the same language, Kinyarwanda, which is both the national and official language. This “surface” linguistic homogeneity is seen as a tree that hides a forest of a relatively “in depth” linguistic diversity (dialects, African and European languages). It is not yet time for chaos but the adoption of official trilingualism (Kinyarwanda-French-English) requires more than ever before the definition of the policy of managing the sociolinguistic situation of Rwanda, namely by clear determination, by a linguistic law, of the roles of official languages in various areas in order to solve the problems that have remained unanswered since the adoption of Kinyarwanda-French bilingualism in the 1930’s. From early the 20th century, the linguistic and sociolinguistic issues have interested various researchers. However, the question of the use of languages in various domains and their approximate mastery is still posed. This work analyses the linguistic policies that have been adopted in Rwanda with aim to bring out the stakes and assess the situation geared towards suggesting the new management strategies of the sociolinguistic situation of Rwanda. This is indeed a linguistic “politology” which falls within the theoretical and conceptual framework already explored whose efficiency has been tested on the ground in different countries. The theoretical framework has essentially been borrowed from the Quebec linguist Jean-Claude Corbeil. It is enriched with analyses of such other authors as Robert Chaudenson, Louis- Jean Calvet, Loïc Depecker, Henri Boyer, etc. on the concept of language planning and concrete situations. The study is based on both a meticulous documentary research and field work that have been carried out in Rwanda with various categories of people and some informal interviews with some stakeholders in language policy and planning [linguists and decision-makers]
Maïga, Amidou. "Pratiques et représentations linguistiques des locuteurs du songhoy au Mali." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H056.
Full textPraises and linguistics representations of Songhay speakers in Mali, is both an identification and an analysis of linguistics usage and representation of the Songhay speakers of northern Mali. This study points out, on the first hand, the representation that the Songhay speakers in northern Mali have of their own language and on the other hand, their imaginary or linguistics feelings language. The study thus deals with the influence of several usages their mutual interaction within the process of communication, the influence that the speakers representation have produced on the hierarchy of languages so as to determine the most socially dynamic variety, the most spoken, the most understood, and the + highest; according offerguson. This research, which is also a research-action for development includes not only the issue of the Songhay speakers transmission of know-how and conventional abilities through functional alphabetization, the teaching of traditional languages in school but it also tries to establish through the city of Mopti, a link-city town between southern and northern Mali, the future of Malian languages for a better linguistics language planning
Hernandez, Frédérique. "Le processus de planification des déplacements urbains entre projets techniques et modèles de ville." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32059.
Full textThe starting point for this research was the opportunity to follow, as an observer, the collective work meetings held for drawing up the Urban Travel Plans for Aix-en-Provence and Marseilles. We took the drafting of Urban Travel Plans as an “event”, a moment of constrained management which was superposed on common, everyday town management. Normative technical literature, as well as the legislative texts, position co-operation and exchanges between “actors” as one of the main levers in drawing up Urban Travels Plans. Although the legislative texts and the normative guides speak of the “actors”, the actors present at the work meetings speak of “projects” and technical issues. We have drawn up the hypothesis that the elaboration of an Urban Travel Plan is a scene where the interdependence between “projects”, rather than between partners is exacerbated. Basing our work on the theoretical developments proposed by Bruno Latour (symmetrical anthropology), we consider the operational projects as being what brings together and motivates the partners who draw up the Urban Travel Plan. We focused our interest on the many projects and their features
Milon, Jean. "Un outil de gestion du territoire, OEÏKOS : conceptualisation d’un instrument d’analyse et de gestion des espaces urbains et ruraux concourant au développement synergique de l’ensemble des niveaux de planification de l’aménagement du territoire." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010017.
Full textAs we approach the year 2000, cities are becoming an ever growing economic stake. The city, as a social meeting place, has become an economic product which is, at the same time, strategic and cultural. The city planners are confronted with barriers constituted by government rules and laws. That is why, those concerned seem to lack the strategic material necessary to achieve their goal. Decentralization and the failure of our urban development plans have revived discussions. On how to use space. In this context, we must redefine the means of structuring urban and rural space, beginning with the district and ending with the whole region. In order to fill in this void, it has become absolutely necessary to conceive and create a means of economic an physical analysis which covers the ecological problems, linked with the management of urban an country space, and this in accordance with the supply and demand of land. That is why, to meet the requirements of an urban economy, we must requalify our urban concepts and abandon "zoning", we must also elaborate a network of urban and rural porperty and then, integrate physical and economic references which identify each bit of land and last but not least, take into account a threedimensional aspect of our space. This concept will make it necessary to rewrite some of the principles regarding the size of our cities, centered around an efficient and active life between the different communities, these again are based on variable indicators that release available space to be used by and assigned to neighbouring bits of land. All the elements that make up this system will be called OEÏKOS