Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amenorreia'
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Pinto, Cristina Laguna Benetti 1959. "Densidade mineral ossea em mulheres com amenorreia primaria por disgenesia gonadal." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313167.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Durante o período puberal, a adequada produção hormonal correlaciona-se diretamente à obtenção da massa óssea, cujo pico é atingido por volta dos 30 anos de idade. Há associação inversa entre a densidade mineral e a osteoporose, assim, atualmente, baixo pico de massa óssea é considerado importante fator de risco para osteoporose. Para avaliar o comprometimento da densidade mineral óssea de mulheres com hipoestrogenismo primário decorrente de Disgenesia Gonadal Pura 46,XX e de Síndrome de Turner, estudou-se 38 mulheres com tais doenças genéticas em faixa etária entre 16 e 35 anos (média 24,5) atendidas no Ambulatório de Ginecologia-Endócrina do Departamento de Tocoginecologia do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Realizou-se densitometria óssea da coluna lombar e do fêmur através de densitômetro de dupla emissão ou duo-energético (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry-DEXA). Analisou-se a correlação entre a medida da densidade obtida e a idade das pacientes, idade ao início do tratamento com estrogênios, tempo de tratamento e índice de massa corpórea, além de comparar-se os resultados obtidos para Disgenesia Gonadal Pura e Síndrome de Turner. A densidade óssea esteve comprometida principalmente na coluna lombar, com 90% das mulheres avaliadas apresentando osteopenia ou osteoporose. Para o colo do fêmur, o comprometimento ocorreu em cerca de 55% delas. A densidade na coluna lombar associou-se diretamente ao tempo de tratamento com estrogênios e, no fêmur, ao índice de massa corpórea. Não foi evidenciada correlação entre densidade óssea e idade ou idade ao início do tratamento. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa ao se comparar os valores de densidade óssea obtidos pelas mulheres com Disgenesia Gonadal Pura e Síndrome de Turner
Abstract: During the puberal period, the appropriate hormonal production is directly associated to bone mass, whose peak is reached around 30 years of age. There is also an inverse association between mineral density and osteoporosis. Then, nowadays, a low peak of bone mass is considered an important risk factor for osteoporosis. In order to evaluate the impact on bone mineral density of women with primary hypoestrogenism due to Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis and Turner¿s Syndrome, 38 womem aged between 16 and 35 years (mean 24,5) with these diseases were evaluated. All patients were cared at the Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP). A bone densitometry of lumbar spine and hip through the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry was performed. The relationship between the density measure obtained and the age of patients, age at the beginning of treatment with estrogen, lenght of treatment and body mass index were analysed. The results obtained from Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis and Turner¿s Syndrome were compared. The bone density was mainly affected in the lumbar spine with 90% of the patients presenting osteopeny or osteoporosis. Concerning the femur, the injury occurred in around 55% of them. The density of lumbar spine was positively associated to the lenght of treatment with estrogen and in the femur to the body mass index. No correlation was found between bone density and age or age at the beginning of treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between values obtained from women with Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis and Turner¿s Syndrome
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
Orfão, Sara Maria Pires Afonso do. "A promoção do método da amenorreia lactacional pelos enfermeiros na unidade de puerpério." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/16476.
Full textA dissertação “A promoção do método da amenorreia lactacional pelos Enfermeiros nas Unidades de Puerpério” evidencia a problemática da contraceção no período pós-parto, debruçando-se sobre a Questão de Investigação: Quais os fatores que influenciam a promoção do método da amenorreia lactacional, pelos enfermeiros, às puérperas internadas na Unidade de Puerpério? Como tal, apresentou como objetivo geral: Identificar os fatores que influenciam os enfermeiros na promoção do método da amenorreia lactacional como método contracetivo durante o período pós-parto. O estudo insere-se no paradigma quantitativo, mediante as orientações de um estudo descritivo. A amostra foi constituída por 66 enfermeiros, selecionados de forma não probabilística racional, sendo integrados na amostra por representarem o fenómeno em estudo ajudando a compreendê-lo. Na Colheita de dados foi questionada a opinião dos enfermeiros sobre o tema através do questionário, instrumento elaborado pelo investigador mediante a pesquisa realizada e que permitiu a construção teórica dos indicadores que constituem a variável dependente, onde cada enfermeiro expressou a sua opinião numa escala de Likert. Através da análise dos dados efetuada, foi possível concluir que, na amostra em estudo, apesar da diferença de opinião entre os grupos de Enfermeiros, não existe promoção do LAM, sendo possível identificar a resistência à mudança, a formação e a crença, como os indicadores motivadores desta não promoção, uma vez que os enfermeiros reconhecem a necessidade de comprometimento, envolvimento e disponibilidade. Assim, é necessário investir na promoção do LAM junto dos enfermeiros, para que a promoção junto das puérperas seja realizada e de sucesso. A principal implicação atual do estudo prende-se com o conhecimento dos fatores que levam à promoção do método da amenorreia lactacional como método contracetivo no período pós-parto.
Silva, Mariana Moraes Xavier da. "Avaliação da densidade mineral óssea em adolescentes do sexo feminino com transtorno alimentar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-07022013-091655/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) are the most frequent eating disorders in adolescence. Amenorrhea and bone loss are the main complications. Anorexia nervosa is responsible for abnormalities in bone mineralization, which are well known and described in adults, but less well documented in adolescents. It is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents, concerning for suboptimal peak bone mass and for an increased risk of fractures. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate lumbar (L1-L4) bone mineral density in female adolescents with eating disorders in the beginning of the study, at six months and after one year of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study involved 35 female adolescents with anorexia nervosa or EDNOS who were treated at an eating disorders unit during one year. Patient treatment involved psychotherapy, medical intervention and nutritional rehabilitation. Lumbar (L1-L4) bone mineral density by DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) was performed on patients in the beginning of the study, at six months and after one year of treatment. RESULTS: In total, four patients presented lumbar BMD Z-score < -2 SD (11,4 %) in the beginning, and from those, only two patients (5,7%) presented Z-score < -2 after six months and one year of treatment. Patients had good nutritional recovery, with improvement of weight, length and BMI (p<0.001). There was improvement of bone age (p<0.001) and 70% of the adolescents with secondary amenorrhea had their menstrual cycles restored. However, the Z-score of lumbar BMD did not showed significant difference during one year of follow-up (p = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Amenorrhea and lack of bone mass gain were the main complications showed by this study. More than two thirds of the patients had restoration of menses, but there was no significant change in lumbar DXA with treatment. One limitation to this study was the short size of the sample. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings
Ribeiro, Carmen Silvia Pôrto 1964. "Experiencia menstrual e preferencias por mudanças na menstruação." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312368.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a experiência menstrual de mulheres e as mudanças preferidas na menstruação. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, no qual 420 mulheres foram entrevistadas, alocadas em três grupos de idade (18 ¿ 20; 25 ¿ 34 e 45 - 49 anos), e de escolaridade (= 8 anos e = 12 anos) e que tinham menstruado nos três meses que antecederam a entrevista. As mulheres foram selecionadas na cidade de Campinas, SP, em nove serviços de saúde privados e sete serviços públicos. Nestes locais foram abordadas mulheres que estavam esperando atendimento e aquelas que cumpriam com os critérios de inclusão (Lista de Verificação) e aceitavam participar do estudo eram entrevistadas. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário construído com base nos resultados de um estudo-piloto prévio, que foi realizado com grupos focais. Foi constituído um banco de dados com as informações registradas nos questionários e os dados foram analisados através do software SAS versão 8.2. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fisher para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis estudadas (p < 0,05). Resultados: A maioria das mulheres menstruava regularmente, durante cinco dias ao mês, com intervalos de 24 a 32 dias. A maioria tinha dor ou desconforto durante a menstruação e metade das que tinham dor considerava-a forte. Houve associação entre o intervalo preferido entre menstruações (maior que uma vez por mês) e os intervalos característicos da menstruação das mulheres (p = 0,0248), bem como com o grau de interferência da menstruação nas atividades diárias (p=0,048). Entretanto, não houve associação entre o intervalo preferido pelas mulheres e as características da dor: duração, intensidade e uso de medicação. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que as mulheres gostariam de menstruar em intervalos maiores do que um mês ou até gostariam de nunca menstruar
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the association between women¿s menstrual experience and preferred changes in their menstrual cycles. Methods: A cross sectional study design was used, a total of the 420 women were interviewed, three groups age (18 to 20, 25 to 34 and 45 to 49 years); schooling (=8 years, =12 years); having menstruated during the three months previous to the study. Subjects were selected in the city of Campinas, São Paulo state, in nine private and seven public health services. Women who were waiting to be attended were approached by the interviewers. Those who complied with the inclusion criteria (Check List) and accepted to participate in the study were interviewed. A questionnaire was prepared on the basis of the results of a previous pilot study that consisted of focus groups. This questionnaire was used for data collection. A data bank was prepared with the data registered in the questionnaires and the data was analyzed with SAS v. 8.2. For the statistical analysis Pearson¿s Qui-square test and Fisher¿s exact test were used to evaluate the association between the variables studied (p<0.05). Results: Most of the women menstruated regularly, during five days per month and intervals varied from 24 to 32 days. Most of them experienced pain or discomfort during menstruation. The preferred interval between menstruation (less than once a month) was associated to the typical intervals experienced by women (p = 0.0248) as well as to the degree of interference of menstruation in daily activities (p=0.048). However, there were no association between preferred interval by the women and the characteristics pain: duration, intensity and use of medication. Conclusion: The results suggest that women would like intervals longer than one month or never
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
Nascimento, Roberta Lopes Pinto do. "Sistema intra-uterino liberador de levonorgestrel : opinião das usuarias, com mais de dois anos de uso, sobre alterações do padrão menstrual." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313274.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a opinião das usuárias do Sistema liberador de Levonorgestrel (SIU-LNG), quando usado como método anticoncepcional, quanto ao padrão de sangramento, especialmente no tocante amenorréia. Foram incluídas 100 mulheres que inseriram um SIU-LNG entre abril e setembro de 1998, no Ambulatório de Reprodução Humana do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Foi aplicado um questionário durante uma das consultas rotineiras de revisão. As informações obtidas foram inseridas em um banco de dados através do programa SPSS/PC+ DATA ENTER. Os resultados foram: 48% das mulheres apresentaram amenorréia, 28% tiveram seu fluxo menstrual diminuído após dois anos de uso e 12% relataram ter episódios de spotting. Apesar destes fatos, 93% estavam satisfeitas com o método e as demais insatisfeitas. Embora a grande maioria estivesse satisfeita com o método, 10% das usuárias achavam que este poderia fazer mal à saúde e 66% achavam que não era provável que isto acontecesse, sendo que 24% das mulheres não tinham uma opinião formada sobre o assunto. Quanto à opinião sobre a amenorréia, das 48 mulheres que não menstruavam, a quase totalidade delas gostaram deste fato. Na opinião das 52 mulheres que sangravam, quase a metade gostariam de não menstruar e para a outra metade este fato era indiferente. Em relação às alterações do padrão menstrual, em torno de 10% estavam insatisfeitas. Pôde-se concluir que a maioria das usuárias do SIU-LNG estava satisfeita com o método. Além disso, amenorréia foi a alteração do padrão menstrual mais freqüente, e a maioria das mulheres que estavam em amenorréia gostou deste efeito. Por outro lado, as mulheres que não estavam em amenorréia também se manifestaram em favor disto e as alterações do ciclo não foram causa de insatisfação com o método
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the opinion of users of the 20 mcg/day levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), correlating some characteristics of the women with their opinions about the bleeding pattern especially about amenorrhea. We evaluated 100 women who inserted a LNGIUS between April and September 1998 at the Human Reproduction Unit of CAISM/UNICAMP. It was applied a questionnaire, during routine consultation. The SPSS/PC+ DATA ENTER program was used to data entry and analysis. The results were: 48% of the women presented amenorrhea, 28% had menstrual blood loss reduced after two years of use, and 12% of the women sad they had episodes of spooting. Despite these facts, 93% were satisfied with the method. Only 7% of the women were not satisfied. Although the majority of the women were satisfied with the method, 10% of the users found that amenorrhea could be harmful for health. The women that did not have an opinion about this matter were 24%. Among the 48 women who were in amenorrhea, the majority were satisfied. However the opinion of the 52 women that presented menstrual bleeding, almost half of them, would like to be in amenorrhea and the other half this fact was indifferent. In terms of menstrual pattern alterations, about 10% of women were not satisfied. In conclusion, the majority of the users of LNG-IUS were satisfied with the method, amenorrhea was the most frequent bleeding alteration, the majority of the women who were in amenorrhea were satisfied with this bleeding pattern, and among the women who presented menstrual bleeding, many of then reported that they want to be in amenorrhea. The menstrual cycle irregularities were not cause of insatisfaction with the method
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
Paiva, Jordana Parente. "Saúde sexual, reprodutiva e risco de neoplasias ginecológicas em mulheres assistidas no serviço de transplante hepático do Hospital Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8320.
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Few studies attempt to assess women in hepatic insufficiency or already transplanted thus, clinicians, surgeons and gynecologists are still insecure about the monitoring of these patients. These women may experience changes in menstrual function and reproductive health and greater risk of malignancies because of the hyperestrogenism due to the diseased liver, as well as the chronic immunosuppression. Liver transplantation has occurred in Ceara for just over 10 years, as the only therapeutic option for patients in hepatic insufficiency. Women represent about 30% of all transplanted patients, thus it was evaluated the sexual and reproductive health of patients with hepatic insufficiency and transplanted besides the risk of gynecological cancers compared to healthy women (control group). It was analyzed 41 patients (17 on the waiting list for transplantation and 24 transplanted) followed in the outpatient surgical liver transplantation of the Walter Cantidio Hospital, from January 2012 to September 2013 and matched for age and parity to 27 healthy women without liver diseases of the Department of Gynecology of Assis Chateaubriand Maternity School of the Federal University of Ceara, Brazil. It was performed gynecological care: clinical interview, gynecological examination breasts, vulva and speculate with collection of cervical cytology and request of ultrasound (breast and pelvic), and mammography. It was applied the Female Sexual Satisfaction Index (FSSI) and evaluation of vaginal health according to researcher Manoniani’s parameters (2004). The average age of women in three groups was similar. Viral hepatitis were the most frequent indications for transplantation in the two study groups. The menstrual alterations found in most patients at the waiting list was amenorrhea (23.5%); at transplanted, menorrhagia (16.7%), with 45% of these having regular cycles. At control group, 63% had regular cycles. It was 29.6% of menopausal women at control group, 41% on waiting list and 25% on transplanted. Menstrual cycles returned within six months after transplantation in 66.6% of patients in amenorrhea. The breast ultrasound found a BI-RADS 5 lesion in 5.9% of patients in the waiting list and the mammography showed 5.9% of BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions at the same group and 4.1% BI-RADS 4 at transplanted. At control group, there were 3.7% of BI-RADS 4 lesions at mammography, without suspicious lesions at breast ultrasound. About the sexual health, 50% of women from the waiting list were no sexual activity with significant difference between this group and the control in questions about the frequency of excitation, orgasm, pain, and emotional and sexual satisfaction with partner. In observational assessment of vaginal health there was no significant difference among the three groups. The incidence of malignancies, especially those estrogen-dependent (breast and endometrial), increases in patients with hepatic insufficiency and also in those transplanted using immunosuppressive drugs, where virus-induced neoplasms are more prevalent, like the cervical cancer induced by HPV. Understands the urgency of a liver transplant to save lives, but a gynecological evaluation before and post-transplant can become a reality giving these women a better quality of life.
Poucos estudos avaliam mulheres em insuficiência hepática ou transplantadas, assim, clínicos, cirurgiões e ginecologistas ainda estão inseguros quanto ao acompanhamento dessas pacientes. Essas mulheres podem apresentar alterações da função menstrual e reprodutiva, além de maior risco de neoplasias malignas tanto devido ao provável hiperestrogenismo decorrente do fígado insuficiente ou mesmo da imunossupressão crônica. O transplante hepático existe no Ceará há cerca de 10 anos, sendo a única alternativa terapêutica para pacientes em insuficiência hepática. As mulheres representam cerca de 30% dos transplantados, assim procurou-se avaliar a saúde sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres com insuficiência hepática e transplantadas, e os riscos de neoplasias ginecológicas comparando-as a mulheres saudáveis (grupo controle). Analisou-se 41 mulheres (17 em fila de espera para o transplante e 24 transplantadas) acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Transplante de Fígado do Hospital Walter Cantídio (UFC), de janeiro de 2012 a setembro de 2013, que foram pareadas por idade e paridade a 27 mulheres saudáveis e sem hepatopatia do Serviço de Ginecologia da Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand (UFC). Realizou-se atendimento ginecológico: entrevista clínica, exame de mamas, vulva e especular com coleta de citologia oncótica do colo uterino, e solicitação ultrassonografia (mamas e pelve), e mamografia; aplicação do questionário Índice de Satisfação Sexual Feminino (IFSF) e avaliação da saúde vaginal por meio dos parâmetros de Manoniani (2004). A média das idades das mulheres dos três grupos foi semelhante. As hepatites virais foram as indicações mais frequentes de transplante nos dois grupos de estudo. A alteração menstrual mais comum nas pacientes da fila foi a amenorreia (23,5%), nas transplantadas a menorragia (16,7%), com 45% destas apresentando ciclos regulares. No grupo controle, 63% tinha ciclos regulares. Havia 29,6% de mulheres menopausadas no grupo controle, 41% no grupo da fila de espera e 25% nas transplantadas. Os ciclos menstruais retornaram em 66,6% das pacientes amenorreicas em até seis meses após o transplante. A ultrassonografia mamária encontrou lesão BI-RADS 5 em 5,9% das pacientes em fila, já a mamografia mostrou 5,9% de lesões BI-RADS 4 e 5 nesse mesmo grupo e 4,1% BI-RADS 4 nas transplantadas. No grupo controle, houve 3,7% de lesões BIRADS 4 à mamografia, sem resultados suspeitos à ultrassonografia mamária. Quanto à saúde sexual, 50% das mulheres da fila estavam sem atividade sexual, com diferença significante entre este grupo e o controle nos quesitos frequência de excitação, orgasmo, dor e satisfação emocional e sexual com o parceiro. Na avaliação observacional da saúde vaginal, não houve diferença entre os três grupos. A incidência de neoplasias malignas, principalmente aquelas estrogêniodependentes (mama e endométrio), aumenta em pacientes com insuficiência hepática, e também nas transplantadas em uso de imunossupressores, onde as neoplasias induzidas por vírus são mais prevalentes, dentre elas o câncer de colo de útero induzido pelo HPV. Compreende-se a urgência de um transplante hepático para se salvar vidas, mas uma avaliação ginecológica pré e pós-transplante, pode ser uma realidade, melhorando a qualidade de vida dessas mulheres.
Araujo, Ademilza Siqueira. "Introdução da lactação e amenorreia como metodo (LAM) em um programa de planejamento familiar pos-parto : repercussões sobre a saude das crianças." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312426.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito da introdução da lactação e amenorréia como método anticoncepcional em um programa de orientação contraceptiva no período puerperal. Analisaram-se a duração do aleitamento materno total e exclusivo, e alguns indicadores de saúde das crianças até um ano de idade, comparativamente entre mulheres que receberam orientação tradicional (pré-intervenção) e as que participaram de um novo programa de orientação (pós-intervenção), que incluiu a lactação e amenorréia como método, como uma nova opção de anticoncepção. O estudo compreendeu uma análise secundária de dados obtidos de uma pesquisa operacional semiexperimental, com diferentes séries temporais, realizada em Recife, Pernambuco. Foram analisados os dados referentes a 698 mulheres que tiveram acompanhamento pré-natal e o parto no Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco, divididas em dois grupos: Grupo A, que recebeu assistência antes e Grupo B, após a intervenção. Os procedimentos estatísticos utilizados foram comparações por grupos através do teste Qui-Quadrado para variáveis qualitativas, Qui-Quadrado para tendência para as variáveis categóricas ordenadas e o teste t de Student para as variáveis quantitativas. Em seguida realizou-se análise de sobrevivência para as variáveis aleitamento exclusivo e total e regressão logística de Cox para os eventos mórbidos e hospitalização das crianças. Observou-se que o Grupo B teve quase o dobro de adolescentes que o Grupo A. Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação à escolaridade, estado marital, número de nascidos vivos, número de abortos, número de filhos vivos, meses de amamentação do filho anterior e tipo de parto. Quase 90% das mulheres dos dois grupos amamentaram o filho anterior. Ocorreram dois óbitos de crianças até 12 meses no Grupo A e nenhum no Grupo B. O grupo A teve 85,6% de episódios mórbidos até 12 meses e o B, 72,1% e, entre esses, predominaram as doenças infecciosas, diferença esta significativa. O número de internações foi mais que o dobro para as crianças do grupo A. O peso e a estatura das crianças aos 12 meses pós-parto foram significativamente maiores no Grupo B. As taxas acumuladas de aleitamento materno total foram significativamente maiores no Grupo B. Concluindo, a intervenção educacional aplicada é uma medida que pode ser multiplicada em outros serviços com o objetivo de se incluir a lactação e amenorréia como método, como opção anticoncepcional pós-parto, não só pela sua eficácia anticoncepcional, mas também pelos benefícios que ela promove à saúde das crianças, através do incentivo ao aleitamento materno
Abstract: Not informed
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
Wood, David L. "Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Amenorrhea and PCOS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5172.
Full textFreitas, Giselle Lima de. "AnticoncepÃÃo pela lactaÃÃo com amenorrÃia: conhecimento e prÃtica de enfermeiros." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3200.
Full textA LactaÃÃo Exclusiva com AmenorrÃia (LAM) constitui MÃtodo Anticoncepcional (MAC) natural, com eficÃcia de 98% atà o sexto mÃs de vida da crianÃa. Atualmente, a promoÃÃo dos MAC disponÃveis no paÃs à realizada pelas equipes do Programa SaÃde da FamÃlia (PSF) e, particularmente, pelo enfermeiro, que deve fazÃ-la com neutralidade, respeitando a livre escolha dos usuÃrios. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar conhecimento e desempenho de enfermeiros do PSF sobre a LAM. Os objetivos especÃficos foram: Identificar experiÃncias pessoais de enfermeiros (pais ou mÃes) relacionadas com aleitamento e a LAM; Verificar conhecimento e confianÃa de enfermeiros relacionados a LAM; Identificar promoÃÃo da LAM por parte dos enfermeiros e percepÃÃo destes quanto a aceitaÃÃo da LAM pela clientela; Conhecer estratÃgias e oportunidades utilizadas por enfermeiros para promoÃÃo da LAM; Apresentar resultados da prÃtica de enfermeiros com relaÃÃo ao acompanhamento de usuÃrias de LAM. Tratou-se de estudo de campo, transversal, realizado de fevereiro a julho de 2008, nas Secretarias Executivas Regionais (SER) I, III, IV e V de Fortaleza-CE, com 137 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados ocorreu nas Unidades BÃsicas de SaÃde das referidas SER utilizando a entrevista. Houve predomÃnio de enfermeiras, correspondendo a 121 (88,3%) dos participantes, que apresentaram idade mÃdia de 35,1 anos. Pouco mais da metade, 70 (51,1%), referiram ter filhos, e desses, 61(92,4%) informaram ter vivenciado o aleitamento materno exclusivo, o que gerou uma mÃdia de 4,38 meses. No entanto, apenas 12 (19,6%) enfermeiros afirmaram ter adotado a LAM, mesmo considerando sua praticidade e seus benefÃcios. Apenas 2 (1,5%) enfermeiros desconheciam a LAM como opÃÃo contraceptiva. Quanto a auto-avaliaÃÃo dos conhecimentos sobre o assunto, 34 (24,8%) enfermeiros classificaram seus conhecimentos como excelente e Ãtimo, 80 (58,4%) bom, 20 (14,6%) como regular e 3 (2,2%) insuficiente. A maioria, 88 (64,2%), desconhecia a eficÃcia da LAM e somente 5 (3,7%) informaram a eficÃcia correta. Mesmo com 65 (47,4%) dos enfermeiros desacreditando na eficÃcia da LAM e apenas 19 (13,9%) sendo conhecedores dos trÃs requisitos para o funcionamento Ãtimo do mÃtodo, 112 (81,8%) afirmaram orientar Ãs mulheres sobre a utilizaÃÃo do mesmo. A aceitaÃÃo das mulheres ocorre de forma parcial, na medida em que solicitam mÃtodo complementar para continuar em uso da LAM. A orientaÃÃo à fornecida pelos enfermeiros em diferentes momentos, relacionados ao perÃodo gravÃdico-puerperal (prÃnatal, puerpÃrio e puericultura) e fora deste, nas consultas de planejamento familiar, sendo, na maioria das vezes, adotada a orientaÃÃo individual. No momento da pesquisa, 59 (52,7%) enfermeiros acompanhavam usuÃrias de LAM. O tempo mÃdio de uso pelas clientes à de 3 a 4 meses, sendo a volta ao trabalho e a introduÃÃo de outros alimentos à dieta infantil os principais motivos de interrupÃÃo da LAM. O anticoncepcional oral combinado foi o MAC de sucessÃo da LAM. Infere-se, pois, que à necessÃrio melhorar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros do PSF sobre essa Ãrea do cuidado, uma vez que nessas circunstÃncias a promoÃÃo da LAM fica comprometida, afetando a adesÃo das mulheres ao mÃtodo, bem como a eficÃcia do mesmo.
Exclusive to The Lactation Amenorrhea (LAM) is a contraceptive method (MAC) natural, with efficiency of 98% by the sixth month of life. Currently, promotion of MAC is available in the country carried out by teams of the Family Health Program (FHP), particularly by nurses, who must do it in neutral, respecting the free choice of users. The aim of this study was to analyze knowledge and performance of nurses of the PSF on the LAM. The specific objectives were: To identify personal experiences of nurses (parents or mothers) in relation to breastfeeding and LAM; To assess knowledge and confidence of nurses related to LAM; To identify promotion of LAM by the perception of nurses and how the acceptance of LAM by the customer; To know opportunities and strategies used by nurses to promote LAM; To show results of the practice of nurses with respect to the monitoring of users of LAM. It was a field study, cross, held from February to July 2008, the Regional Executive Secretariats (SER) I, III, IV and V of Fortaleza-CE, with 137 nurses. Data collection occurred in the Basic Health Units using the interview. There were the nurses, accounting for 121 (88.3%) participants, who had a mean age of 35.1 years. Slightly more than half, 70 (51.1%) reported having children, and of those, 61 (92.4%) reported having experienced exclusive breastfeeding, which had an average of 4.38 months. However, only 12 (19.6%) nurses said they had adopted the LAM, even considering its practicality and its benefits. Only 2 (1.5%) nurses know how to LAM contraceptive option. As the self-assessment of knowledge on the subject, 34 (24.8%) nurses rated their knowledge as excellent or good, 80 (58.4%) good, 20 (14.6%) as regular and 3 (2, 2%) inadequate. Most, 88 (64.2%), know the effectiveness of LAM and only 5 (3.7%) reported the efficacy correct. Even with 65 (47.4%) of nurses discrediting the effectiveness of LAM and only 19 (13.9%) being knowledgeable of the three requirements for optimal operation of the method, 112 (81.8%) said guide for women on the use of it. The acceptance of women occurs in part, to the extent that seeking complementary method to continue use of LAM. The guidance is provided by nurses at different times, related to the pregnancy-puerperal period (prenatal, postpartum and child care) and outside, in the consultations for family planning and, in most cases, adopted the individual approach. The students, 59 (52.7%) nurses accompanied users of LAM. The average time of use by customers is 3 to 4 months, and the return to work and the introduction of other foods to the infant diet the main reasons for discontinuation of LAM. The oral combination was the MAC of succession of LAM. It is therefore the need to improve knowledge of nurses of the PSF over the area of care, since in such circumstances the promotion of LAM is compromised, affecting the adherence of women to the method and the effectiveness of it.
Freitas, Giselle Lima de. "Anticoncepção pela lactação com amenorréia : conhecimento e prática de enfermeiros." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1962.
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Exclusive to The Lactation Amenorrhea (LAM) is a contraceptive method (MAC) natural, with efficiency of 98% by the sixth month of life. Currently, promotion of MAC is available in the country carried out by teams of the Family Health Program (FHP), particularly by nurses, who must do it in neutral, respecting the free choice of users. The aim of this study was to analyze knowledge and performance of nurses of the PSF on the LAM. The specific objectives were: To identify personal experiences of nurses (parents or mothers) in relation to breastfeeding and LAM; To assess knowledge and confidence of nurses related to LAM; To identify promotion of LAM by the perception of nurses and how the acceptance of LAM by the customer; To know opportunities and strategies used by nurses to promote LAM; To show results of the practice of nurses with respect to the monitoring of users of LAM. It was a field study, cross, held from February to July 2008, the Regional Executive Secretariats (SER) I, III, IV and V of Fortaleza-CE, with 137 nurses. Data collection occurred in the Basic Health Units using the interview. There were the nurses, accounting for 121 (88.3%) participants, who had a mean age of 35.1 years. Slightly more than half, 70 (51.1%) reported having children, and of those, 61 (92.4%) reported having experienced exclusive breastfeeding, which had an average of 4.38 months. However, only 12 (19.6%) nurses said they had adopted the LAM, even considering its practicality and its benefits. Only 2 (1.5%) nurses know how to LAM contraceptive option. As the self-assessment of knowledge on the subject, 34 (24.8%) nurses rated their knowledge as excellent or good, 80 (58.4%) good, 20 (14.6%) as regular and 3 (2, 2%) inadequate. Most, 88 (64.2%), know the effectiveness of LAM and only 5 (3.7%) reported the efficacy correct. Even with 65 (47.4%) of nurses discrediting the effectiveness of LAM and only 19 (13.9%) being knowledgeable of the three requirements for optimal operation of the method, 112 (81.8%) said guide for women on the use of it. The acceptance of women occurs in part, to the extent that seeking complementary method to continue use of LAM. The guidance is provided by nurses at different times, related to the pregnancy-puerperal period (prenatal, postpartum and child care) and outside, in the consultations for family planning and, in most cases, adopted the individual approach. The students, 59 (52.7%) nurses accompanied users of LAM. The average time of use by customers is 3 to 4 months, and the return to work and the introduction of other foods to the infant diet the main reasons for discontinuation of LAM. The oral combination was the MAC of succession of LAM. It is therefore the need to improve knowledge of nurses of the PSF over the area of care, since in such circumstances the promotion of LAM is compromised, affecting the adherence of women to the method and the effectiveness of it.
A Lactação Exclusiva com Amenorréia (LAM) constitui Método Anticoncepcional (MAC) natural, com eficácia de 98% até o sexto mês de vida da criança. Atualmente, a promoção dos MAC disponíveis no país é realizada pelas equipes do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) e, particularmente, pelo enfermeiro, que deve fazê-la com neutralidade, respeitando a livre escolha dos usuários. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar conhecimento e desempenho de enfermeiros do PSF sobre a LAM. Os objetivos específicos foram: Identificar experiências pessoais de enfermeiros (pais ou mães) relacionadas com aleitamento e a LAM; Verificar conhecimento e confiança de enfermeiros relacionados a LAM; Identificar promoção da LAM por parte dos enfermeiros e percepção destes quanto a aceitação da LAM pela clientela; Conhecer estratégias e oportunidades utilizadas por enfermeiros para promoção da LAM; Apresentar resultados da prática de enfermeiros com relação ao acompanhamento de usuárias de LAM. Tratou-se de estudo de campo, transversal, realizado de fevereiro a julho de 2008, nas Secretarias Executivas Regionais (SER) I, III, IV e V de Fortaleza-CE, com 137 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados ocorreu nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde das referidas SER utilizando a entrevista. Houve predomínio de enfermeiras, correspondendo a 121 (88,3%) dos participantes, que apresentaram idade média de 35,1 anos. Pouco mais da metade, 70 (51,1%), referiram ter filhos, e desses, 61(92,4%) informaram ter vivenciado o aleitamento materno exclusivo, o que gerou uma média de 4,38 meses. No entanto, apenas 12 (19,6%) enfermeiros afirmaram ter adotado a LAM, mesmo considerando sua praticidade e seus benefícios. Apenas 2 (1,5%) enfermeiros desconheciam a LAM como opção contraceptiva. Quanto a auto-avaliação dos conhecimentos sobre o assunto, 34 (24,8%) enfermeiros classificaram seus conhecimentos como excelente e ótimo, 80 (58,4%) bom, 20 (14,6%) como regular e 3 (2,2%) insuficiente. A maioria, 88 (64,2%), desconhecia a eficácia da LAM e somente 5 (3,7%) informaram a eficácia correta. Mesmo com 65 (47,4%) dos enfermeiros desacreditando na eficácia da LAM e apenas 19 (13,9%) sendo conhecedores dos três requisitos para o funcionamento ótimo do método, 112 (81,8%) afirmaram orientar às mulheres sobre a utilização do mesmo. A aceitação das mulheres ocorre de forma parcial, na medida em que solicitam método complementar para continuar em uso da LAM. A orientação é fornecida pelos enfermeiros em diferentes momentos, relacionados ao período gravídico-puerperal (prénatal, puerpério e puericultura) e fora deste, nas consultas de planejamento familiar, sendo, na maioria das vezes, adotada a orientação individual. No momento da pesquisa, 59 (52,7%) enfermeiros acompanhavam usuárias de LAM. O tempo médio de uso pelas clientes é de 3 a 4 meses, sendo a volta ao trabalho e a introdução de outros alimentos à dieta infantil os principais motivos de interrupção da LAM. O anticoncepcional oral combinado foi o MAC de sucessão da LAM. Infere-se, pois, que é necessário melhorar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros do PSF sobre essa área do cuidado, uma vez que nessas circunstâncias a promoção da LAM fica comprometida, afetando a adesão das mulheres ao método, bem como a eficácia do mesmo.
Kaiserauer, Susanne B. "Nutritional and physiological influences on menstrual status of amenorrheic runners." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/490118.
Full textLines, Linda. "Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea : Affected Women’s Perspective on Diagnosis and Treatment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448003.
Full textSAMMANFATTNING Funktionell hypotalamisk amenorré, FHA, är den kliniska diagnosen för en kvinna som varitutan menstruation i tre månader eller längre, där ingen annan organisk eller medicinskförklaring hittats. Syftet var att utforska förekomsten av personlighetsdrag ochlivserfarenheter bland kvinnor med kliniska tecken på FHA och att undersöka vilka diagnoseroch behandling/råd de fått när de sökt vård. Självrapporterad data inhämtades viainternetbaserade frågeformulär. Deskriptiv data presenterades avseende global representation,utbildningsnivå, personlighetsdrag, livserfarenheter, erhållna diagnoser, erhållnaråd/behandling, tillfredsställelse med behandling, behandlingsframgång och samstämmighetmellan livsstilsförändringar och erhållna råd/behandling. Svarspersonerna bestod av 1 035kvinnor från 71 olika länder. Resultaten visade gemensamma personlighetsdrag blandsvarspersonerna: majoriteten rapporterade kroppsmissnöje (utseendemässigt), strävan eftersmal kropp, höga förväntningar på sig själv, ångest/oro, tvångsmässiga beteenden ochperfektionism. Livserfarenheter var mobbning under barndomen, ensamhet och att ha ensläkting med psykisk ohälsa. Mindre än hälften fick diagnosen FHA och ungefär en tredjedelfick ingen diagnos/fick höra att ingenting var fel. En av fem fick ingen behandling/råd somhade kunnat hjälpa dem att återfå sin menstruation. Sjuttiotre procent var missnöjda medbehandlingen/råden de fick av sin läkare. Nittiotre procent av de som återfick sinmenstruation uppgav att de hade gått upp i vikt, ägnat sig mindre åt fysisk aktivitet och/ellergenomgått kognitiv beteendeterapi. Sjuttiotvå procent var missnöjda med den behandling/rådde gavs. Sammanfattningsvis pekar resultaten från denna studie mot att FHA är ettunderdiagnostiserat/feldiagnostiserat, negligerat och felbehandlat medicinskt tillstånd ochfolkhälsoproblem som drabbar kvinnor över hela världen.
Kellerth, Emelie, and Martins William Arvidsson. "Förekomsten av amenorré och energitillgänglighet hos kvinnor som tränar CrossFit." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för fysisk aktivitet och hälsa, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6642.
Full textAim The purpose of this study was to research the incidence of amenorrhea and low energy availability in women who practise CrossFit. The four questions that were answered in the study was: 1) What is the incidence of amenorrhea in women who participate in CrossFit? 2) Is there a correlation between training volume/intensity and incidence of amenorrhea? 3) Is there a correlation between caloric intake and incidence of amenorrhea? 4) Is there a correlation between restrictive diet and incidence of amenorrhea? Method The study is a quantitative cross-sectional study and was conducted using a questionnaire to identify levels of exercise habits, dietary intake and the absence of menstruation. The study involved 188 women with a mean age of 31 years (SD ± 7.3). Results A higher percentage of the participants (56,4%) have had presence of amenorrhea. A significant association was found between energy intake and the incidence of amenorrhea (p=0.004). The odds of amenorrhea for those who train 5-7 sessions a week are almost twice as high compared to those who train 0-4 sessions a week (p = 0.04). Those who eat >2400 calories per day have 70% lower odds of suffering from amenorrhea compared to those who eat 1900-2300 calories per day. Conclusions This is the first study which researched amenorrhea and energy availability in female CrossFit athletes through a cross-sectional study. The participants' answers showed that there is an incidence of amenorrhea in CrossFit training females. A big part of the group does not seem to be meeting their energy requirements. The results should be interpreted with caution since some data is based on estimations.
Stoeckl, Andrea Denise. "Association of demographic and socioeconomic variables with duration of postpartum amenorrhoea and ovulatory status of women living in tea gardens in Northern Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609047.
Full textMier, Constance 1959. "Dietary intakes of eumenorrheic, oligomenorrheic, and amenorrheic endurance-trained runners and cyclists." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276999.
Full textBonis, Marc. "A Comparison of Body Composition between Eumenorrheic and Amenorrheic Adolescent Cross-Country Runners." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/380.
Full textStanley, Megan R. "Fertility and bone mass in prior female athletes with a history of amenorrhea." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555406026613712.
Full textPerry, Colleen Denise 1962. "Spine, hip and forearm bone mineral indices of eumenorrheic, oligomenorrheic and amenorrheic athletes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276681.
Full textCarvalho, Luciane Carneiro de. "Avaliação clínica, laboratorial, genética e ovariana de pacientes 46,XX com deficiência da atividade do P450c17: uma revisão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-04082015-112303/.
Full textCongenital adrenal hyperplasia due to P450c17 deficiency is rarely reported on 46,XX patients. Our aim was to characterize the phenotype and genotype of this rare disorder reviewing the clinical, laboratory, genetic and ovarian imaging of 46,XX patients of our cohort and of other already reported cases. We retrospectively reviewed 32 patients with deficiency of P450c17 activity: 18 Brazilian patients belonging to 12 families and 10 cohorts already published (fourteen 46,XX patients, 6 of them with CYP17A1 defects and 8 with POR defects). Phenotype: most patients had primary amenorrhea (74%) and 90% of the patients did not develop pubarche; 69.5% of the patients had blood hypertension at diagnosis. We observed a high incidence of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and panic (76%) in our cohort but no reports were found in the literature. Ultrasound showed an increase of at least one of the ovaries in 87% of the patients before treatment and ovarian macrocysts in 65% of them; 6 patients (26%) had had previous surgery for twisting or ovarian rupture. Treatment with dexamethasone, estrogen and progesterone resulted in ovarian volume reduction. All patients showed elevated basal progesterone and LH and levels, and decreased androgen levels. There was no correlation between the levels of LH and progesterone and of LH/FSH ratio and the ovarian volume in both defects. Genotype: the molecular study showed that 17 patients from our cohort had inactivating mutation in the CYP17A1 gene and 1 in POR gene. Two novel mutations were identified in the CYP17A1 gene, the p.R362H in exon 6 and p.G478S in exon 8. The most prevalent mutation in the CYP17A1 was the p.W406R, identified in 41% of our families. Some of the CYP17A1 mutations were found only in the Brazilian cohort, but the mutation p.A287P found in the POR gene is the most prevalent in the literature. Regarding the ethnicity of the defects, there was a predominance of Chinese and Brazilian patients with defects in the CYP17A1 whereas defects in POR were most reported in European and North-American subjects.Conclusion: In this data review of thirty-two 46,XX patients with dysfunction of P450c17 activity we characterized the phenotype and genotype of this rare disorder and emphasize: the importance of basal progesterone measurement for this diagnosis, the high prevalence of ovarian macrocysts with risk of twisting, and the psychiatric disorders. We believe that this review may contribute to the early diagnosis of this disorder
Mwafulirwa, Boss. "Women's experiences of amenorrhea following Depo-Provera use at a district hospital in Malawi." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5250.
Full textDepo-Provera, an injectable contraceptive, is utilized by about 30% of married women in Malawi. Most women have reported their preference to use Depo-Provera due to its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy, reversibility and easy to use since it is given once at 12-weeks intervals. Despite the method having such advantages, it has menstrual effects, and one of the major concerns for women, particularly in Africa, is amenorrhea. In Malawi, 40% of Depo-Provera users report experiencing amenorrhea after one year of use. Despite the concern for amenorrhea, some women have continued using the method. Literature shows that there is limited information on women's experiences of amenorrhea following use of Depo-Provera. A descriptive phenomenological research design was used to explore and describe women’s experiences of amenorrhea following use of Depo-Provera in order to understand how women experience amenorrhea and give meaning to the experience. Data were collected through in-depth unstructured interviews with six women, who were selected using purposive sampling. The interviews were conducted in Tumbuka language. Data analysis was done using Colaizzi’s method of analyzing descriptive phenomenological data. Five themes and some sub-themes emerged from data analysis. The themes were: "Lack of knowledge on cause of amenorrhea", "Fear of pregnancy", "Misconceptions associated with Depo-Provera Induced Amenorrhea", "Lack of proper counseling on amenorrhea resulting from Depo-Provera use" and "Amenorrhea not perceived as a problem when midwives provide adequate information". The themes showed that women accessing family planning services from Chitipa district hospital were not provided with information on amenorrhea resulting from using Depo- Provera. Hence, they expressed fear when they experienced the side effect. Participants stated that they were afraid of becoming infertile after using the family planning method, getting pregnant as well as amenorrhea itself. Their intention to discontinue using the method was largely associated with negative rumors, beliefs and misconceptions. The conclusion of the study is that there is need for midwives to provide information on amenorrhea resulting from Depo-Provera use. This will assist clients to understand that amenorrhea could occur as a side effect, and hence improve continued utilization of the method.
Redland, Danielle Fortunee. "A far cry from a no thing : psychoanalytic perspectives on women and secondary amenorrhea." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2018. http://research.gold.ac.uk/23049/.
Full textNascimento, Maria Laura Costa do 1979. "Variação da densidade mineral óssea no puerpério segundo amamentação, amenorréia, índice de massa corpórea e uso de método anticoncepcional." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310053.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar as variações da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) até um ano de puerpério entre mulheres saudáveis, e a associação com aleitamento materno, amenorréia, índice de massa corpórea e uso de método anticoncepcional. Propõe ainda comparar as usuárias de métodos hormonais só com progestágenos com as usuárias de métodos não hormonais até 6 meses pós-parto. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo, incluindo 100 mulheres saudáveis seguidas por um período de um ano no pós-parto. Mulheres consideradas elegíveis deveriam ter tido uma gestação não complicada, única, de termo (?37 semanas) e nenhum antecedente de doenças que interfirissem no metabolismo ósseo (como diabetes mellitus, insuficiência renal crônica, tireoidopatia, hipo ou hiperparatireoidismo, hepatite, neoplasia ou doença da hipófise) ou utilização de medicação (corticosteróides, anticoagulantes, anticonvulsivantes, diuréticos tiazídicos ou drogas para tratamento de doenças tireoideanas), além do desejo de postergar uma próxima gestação por pelo menos um ano. Foram realizadas densitometrias ósseas do antebraço não dominante utilizando a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, além de avaliação antropométrica e coleta de informações sobre o tempo de amamentação exclusiva, amamentação total, amenorréia e uso de método contraceptivo, com 7-10 dias de puerpério, 3, 6 e 12 meses pós-parto. Aos 40 dias pós-parto foram introduzidos métodos contraceptivos, segundo a escolha individual de cada mulher, a depender de inúmeros fatores como aleitamento, necessidade de método temporário ou definitivo e condição clínica. Houve liberdade para troca de método, a critério de cada mulher. Resultados: Setenta e oito mulheres apresentaram seguimento completo, com todas as medidas propostas de DMO até 12 meses pós-parto. O tempo médio de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi 125,9 (±66,6) dias, com mediana de duração total de aleitamento de 263,5 dias. A duração média da amenorréia pós-parto foi 164,2 (±119,2) dias. A avaliação seriada de DMO mostrou perda significativa de massa óssea no rádio distal, sem valor estatiscamente significativo para o rádio ultra-distal. Ao analisar apenas os casos com uso de contraceptivos não hormonais, a variação de DMO mostrou ser significativa para os dois sítios avaliados. A análise de variância multivariada revelou associação positiva entre DMO e IMC e uso de método contraceptivo. A análise de regressão linear múltipla mostrou correlação significativa, para o rádio distal, do valor inicial de DMO, IMC pré-gestacional, variação de IMC e escolaridade. Para o rádio ultra-distal, houve correlação significativa com a DMO inicial e IMC pré-gestacional. A análise de métodos contraceptivos, comparando a utilização de métodos não hormonais (54) e de apenas progestágenos (28), até 6 meses pós-parto, mostrou não haver diferença significativa nas características sócio-demográficas dos dois grupos. A mediana de tempo total de amamentação, calculada por tabela de vida, foi de 183 para ambos os grupos e a duração média de amenorréia pós-parto foi de 122 dias para o grupo com uso de contracepção não-hormonal e 85 dias para as usuárias de progestágeno. A análise de variância multivariada, com medidas repetidas, revelou correlação significativa entre DMO nos dois sítios avaliados e IMC, interação entre tempo e uso de MAC não-hormonal ou progestágeno e tempo total de amamentação. A regressão linear múltipla para avaliação de variáveis independentemente associadas com a DMO do rádio distal até 6 meses pós-parto evidenciou correlação positiva com o valor inicial de DMO, IMC pré-gestacional, idade e tempo total de amamentação. A mesma análise para rádio ultra-distal, mostrou associação significativa com DMO inicial, IMC pré-gestacional e tempo total de amamentação. Conclusões: existe uma tendência de perda de massa óssea nos primeiros seis meses pós-parto, com posterior recuperação. Contudo, o longo tempo de amamentação na amostra estudada e o tempo proposto de 12 meses para seguimento, não foram suficientes para permitir uma conclusão definitiva sobre as condições da massa óssea após o término da amamentação. Nossos achados sugerem um efeito protetor da perda óssea com a contracepção só com progestágenos em mulheres lactantes, nos primeiros seis meses pós-parto
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) changes up to one year postpartum among healthy women and its association with breastfeeding, amenorrhea, body mass index and use of contraceptive methods. Progestin-only contraceptive users were further compared to non-hormonal users, up to 6 months postpartum. Methods: A prospective cohort study including 100 healthy women followed during one year postpartum. Eligibility criteria included: an uncomplicated term (? 37 weeks) pregnancy with a single fetus, no history of conditions that could affect bone metabolism (such as diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hyper or hypothyroidism, hyper or hypoparathyroidism, hepatitis, cancer or pituitary diseases), no use of any medication (such as corticosteroids, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, thiazide diuretics or drugs for the treatment of thyroid diseases), besides the intention to delay the next pregnancy for at least one year. Distal BMD was performed 7-10 days, 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum at the non-dominant forearm using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data on anthropometry, exclusive and total breastfeeding duration, amenorrhea and use of contraceptives were also collected. Contraceptive methods were introduced 40 days postpartum according to woman's choice and depending on many factors, including the infant feeding condition, need for temporary or permanent method and clinical status. Women were free to change the method on their own. Results: Seventy eight women had a complete follow up with all proposed BMD measurements, up to 12 months postpartum. The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 125.9 (±66.6) days, with a median total lactation period of 263.5 days. The mean duration of amenorrhea was 164.2 (±119.2) days. Serial BMD measurements showed a significant bone mass decrease in the midshaft of the ulna, but with no significance in the ultra-distal radius. When considering only the non hormonal contraceptive users, the changes in BMD showed to be significant for both sites. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that BMI and contraceptive use were both significantly correlated with BMD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant correlation of midshaft ulna with baseline BMD, pre-gestational BMI, number of complete years in school and difference in BMI. For ultradistal radius, significant correlation was showed with baseline BMD and pre-gestational BMI. For the analyses comparing non-hormonal (n=54) and progestin-only contraceptive users (n=28) up to 6 months postpartum, the baseline characteristics of the study population showed no statistical differences between groups. All women considered were still breastfeeding. Resumption of menses postpartum occurred after at a mean period of 122 days for the non-hormonal group and 85 days for the progestin-only one. Multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that body mass index, the interaction between time and hormonal (progestin-only) or non-hormonal contraceptive use and total duration of breastfeeding were significantly correlated with bone mineral density of both sites. Multiple linear regression analysis for the evaluation of variables independently associated with BMD at the midshaft ulna at 6 months postpartum, showed significant correlation to baseline BMD, pre-gestational BMI, age, and total breastfeeding duration. The same analysis for ultradistal radius showed significant correlation with baseline BMD, pre-gestational BMI and total breastfeeding duration. Conclusion: there is a trend in bone loss during the first 6 months with posterior recovery. However, the long duration of breastfeeding in the sample studied and the proposed follow-up of 12 months were not sufficient to draw definitive conclusions on post weaning BMD conditions. Our findings suggest a protective effect towards bone loss with progestin-only contraception for lactating women during the first six months postpartum
Doutorado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Doutor em Ciências da Saúde
Santos, Mariza Augusta Gerdulo dos. "Pesquisa de mutações em genes envolvidos na diferenciação e manutenção das células germinativas em pacientes portadores de distúrbio do desenvolvimento gonadal 46,XX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5166/tde-24082010-172135/.
Full textSeveral genes expressing during the germ cell differentiation act in ovary development. The differentiation of somatic ovary cells depends of a pool of pre meiotic germ cells migration into the gonad. The space and temporal expression pattern of some genes involved with germ cell differentiation and the subsequently oocyte survival should be investigated in the disorders of sexual development (DSD) 46,XX. Some key genes involved with these processes are: NANOS3, BMP15 and STRA8. The NANOS3, a RNA binding molecule that blocks the apoptotic pathway, ensures the survival during migration into genital ridge. The STRA8 acts in the bigining of germ cells meioses in XX embryos and mark the first sexual gonadal dimorphism. In other hand the subsequently oocyte survival is controlled through transforming growth factor member BMP15, that guarantees granulose cells differentiation that acts indirectly in meiotic oocyte and theca cells differentiation. In this work we searched for the presence of inactivating mutations in NANOS3 and BMP15 in 45 patients with 46XX gonadal dysgenesis (10 familial cases) and 40 patients with secondary amenorrhea without FSHR and SF1 mutation. We also searched for inactivating mutations in coding and proximal promoter region of STRA8 in 45 patients with 46XX gonadal dysgenesis, 16 ovotesticular disorder of sex development (DSD) patients and five 46XX testicular DSD patients all SRY negative and molecular defects in DAX1, WNT4 and SOX9 gene. In NANOS3 we identified the mutation p.E120K in homozygous state, the first associated with DG 46,XX phenotype. This missense mutation was identified in two sisters with 46XX GD and affects a zinc finger domain of the protein. The new variant was absent in 200 control alleles. In BMP15, a new nonsense mutation p.Q115X was identified two sisters in homozygous state and in one sporadic case of secondary amenorrhea in heterozygous state. The premature codon STOP affects the pro-peptide domain of the protein. The new variant was absent in 200 control alleles. In STRA8, only a previously described polymorphism (rs7805859) was identified without any other variation in coding or proximal promoter region. In conclusion, we identified for the fist time mutation in NANOS3 associated with DG 46XX and corroborate the role of BMP15 in this phenotype. Disorders of gonadal development 46,XX may be involved with differentiation and maintenance of ovarian germ cells.
Mejía, Gomero Cecilia Inés. "Conocimiento del método de lactancia materna - amenorrea en puérperas usuarias del Programa de Planificación Familiar y su aceptación (Hospital Arzobispo Loayza - Lima Perú - agosto/diciembre)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2974.
Full textTesis
Friel, Alexandra J. "The Relationship between Within-Day Energy Balance and Menstruation in Active Females." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/22.
Full textGomes, Camila Richieri. "Análise clínica e molecular de pacientes com distúrbios do desenvolvimento gonadal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-05032010-110358/.
Full textIntroduction: Congenital disorders of gonadal development (DGD) include conditions whose gonadal development is atypical. Studies in mice found that some genes such as Cbx2 and Tcf21 interfere in the initial phase of gonadal development, affecting both XX and XY gonads. Dhh gene, in turn, encodes the transcription factor Dhh, produced by Sertoli cells, which is essential for the differentiation of Leydig cells in XY gonads. In the ovaries, genes as FOXL2 act in folliculogenesis, fundamental to the development of the ovaries. Objectives: To analyze patients with disorders of gonadal development (DGD) 46, XY and 46, XX and research mutations in CBX2, TCF21, DHH and FOXL2 genes. Methods: We analyzed 60 patients (41 DGD 46, XY patients and 19 DGD 46, XX patients). The whole coding region of CBX2, TCF21, DHH and FOXL2 genes were amplified by PCR and direct sequenced. Results: Several allelic variations have been found in the four genes, some not even described by literature. One intronic variation in DHH was described in one patient with 46, XY DGD and it wasnt found in any of the 360 normal control alleles studied (g.IVS2 +29G>A). We studied this variant through RNA extraction from the affected patients testes, but we didnt find any alteration in the RNA, so it doesnt seem to be a mutation. In TCF21 gene, the single variant that was found was identified in normal controls. In CBX2 gene, among the 13 alterations described, one wasnt identified in 206 normal control alleles, and there is aminoacid change (p.C132R / g.394 T>C). This is a variant that may be a mutation, causing the patients phenotype that had 46, XY DGD. In FOXL2, among the 3 variations described, one wasnt indentified in 206 normal control alleles, but there wasnt amino acid change (p.A181A / g.543 C>T).Conclusion: This study suggests that mutations in CBX2, TCF21, FOXL2 and DHH genes are rarely causes of disorders of gonadal development.
Davis, Jessica K. "The prevalence of the components of the female athlete triad in college aged females." Connect to online version, 2009. http://www.oregonpdf.org/search-results.cfm?crit=catid&searchString=PH+1857.
Full textTimby, Erika. "Allopregnanolone effects in women : clinical studies in relation to the menstrual cycle, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and oral contraceptive use." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50058.
Full textD'Avila, Ângela Marcon. "Avaliação da reserva ovariana em mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à quimioterapia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/76199.
Full textIntroduction: Ovarian reserve (OR) refers to quantity and, to some authors, quality of follicles present in ovaries at a given time. It is the measure used to assess the capacity of the ovary to produce oocytes. Its evaluation is trough serum analysis of FSH, estradiol, inhibin and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and trough ultrassonography to count de antrals follicles (AFC). In the 50s, it was observed that women exposed to chemotherapy experienced premature ovarian failure, effect attributed to chemotherapy. Objectives: To ascertain OR by means of AMH in young women with breast cancer exposed to chemotherapy comparing them with another ovarian reserve tests. To define risk predictors of anovulation (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) in those women. Methods: A cohort study with 52 eumenorrheic patients (age < 40years) with breast cancer who received chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide. Assessment was carried out with serum samples and pelvic ultrasonography before chemotherapy (T1), and 2 (T2) and 6 (T3) months after chemotherapy. Results: Mean age was 35.3 ± 3.8 years. Mean duration of follow-up was 14 ± 3 months. Anovulation was present in 40% of women during the chemotherapy, 85% 2 months after and 60% 6 months after chemotherapy. Mean age of anovulatory women in T3 was 36.5 ± 3.8 years. Women with regular cycles was 32.9 ± 3.5 years (p = 0.02). FSH levels rises and decreased significantly in T2 and T3. AMH levels declined significantly, down to undetectable levels at T2 from a median of 2.53 (1 –5.31 ng/mL) at T1 (p < 0.0001) and remained unchanged from T@ and T3, even though some patients resumed normal menses. Median AFC was 11 ( 8.0 – 13.5) follicles at T1 and significantly lower at T2 and T3 (p < 0.0001). No difference was found between T2 and T3 in patients who resumed ovulation cycles after completion of chemotherapy, AMH and AFC levels were significantly lower as compared with baseline: 1.46 (< 0.08 – 4.31) ng/mL vs. 6.17 (3.19 – 10.07) ng/mL and 7 (5.5 - 10) follicles vs. 13 (11 – 15.5) follicles. In patients who remained ovulatory during chemotherapy or resumed normal menses, FSH and estradiol levels remained unchanged relative to baseline. AMH and AFC presented significantly negative correlation with age. The age of thirty-two years presented 96% of sensitivity and 39% of specificity to predict anovulation with ROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77. The ovarian reserve (OVR) tests with power to predict anovulation in women exposed to CT were AMH < 3.32 ng/mL (sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 75% and AUC of 0.87) and AFC < 13 follicles (sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 62% and AUC of 0.81). The AMH cut off to predict amenorrhea was 1,87 ng/mL (sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 83% and AUC of 0,84) and the AFC cut off was 9 follicles (sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 78% and AUC of 0.73 ). The analysis was not influenced by the number of cycles or dose of CT. Conclusions: AMH and AFC are equally able to determine the OVR decline in chemotherapy exposed women. FSH is not adequate for this purpose, except in women who become amenorrheic. Thirty-two year old or older women, AMH levels < 3.32 ng/mL and AFC < 13 follicles determined significantly higher risk of anovulation after CT with cyclophosphamide. These women should be encouraged to preserve their fertility. Among the OVR tests, AMH was the powerful to predict the anovulation.
Franklin, Kim. "Hur påverkar funktionell hypotalamisk amenorré (FHA) fertilitet och eventuell graviditet hos kvinnor med anorexia nervosa?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105708.
Full textBackground: One in six couples has sometime during their reproductive years experienced problems related to fertility and after the age of 30, infertility is more common in somen than in men. Several parts of the menstrual cycle require a lot of energy, such as ovulation and the production of sex hormones. Malnutrition and low energy availability is usually caused by an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa, which can lead to functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) in women. FHA leads to a reduced release of the sex hormones estrogene and progesterone, which leads to infertility. One in 20 women have experience of an eating disorder during pregnancy, but few studies have examined how a history og eating disorder affects fertility and pregnancy. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether FHA in women with anorexia nervosa leads to reduced fertility and complications in a potential pregnancy. Method: A literature search was made on PubMed and Web of Science with the keyword´s amenorrhea, fertility, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa reproduction (1999-2021). Results: Eight studies were included, and the results showed that women with anorexia gave birth to fewer children and were more likely to have experienced fertility treatment than healthy women in the control group. Furthermore, the results showed that women with anorexia more often reported more complicated pregnancies with, e.g., lower fetal growth, premature birth, and cesarean section. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current literature study, it can be concluded that women with FHA due to an eating disorder have lower fertility than healthy women. Women with an eating disorder experience more complicated pregnancies and fetal development also seems to be negatively affected and therefore more frequent checks during and after pregnancy may be necessary fore these women. The results can further be interpreted as that the negative impact on reproductive health is reversible when symptoms of eating disorder are treated.
Andersson, Annie, and Rebecca Björkén. "Kan fysisk aktivitet och kost ha en positiv inverkan på fysiska och psykiska subkliniska menstruella besvär?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149521.
Full textBackground: Many women experience physical and psychological symptoms during their menstrual cycle. Research is scarce about how to ease subclinical menstrual disorders like dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric syndrome, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea without using medicines. Physical activity and diet is proved to have positive effects on several diseases and we therefore wanted to see if positive effects also could be seen on subclinical menstrual disorders. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if physical activity and diet could reduce physical and psychological subclinical menstrual disorders and lead to a better wellbeing. Method: Searching for subclinical menstrual disorders in relation to physical activity and diet in fertile, active and inactive women without the use of hormonal contraceptives was done using Pubmed. Results: The study has shown that physical activity and diet could reduce some of the problems associated with subclinical menstrual disorders. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) could be eased through calm, meditative activities. Positive effects could be seen when eating more often but smaller meals containing complex carbohydrates and by taking additional vitamins and minerals. Yoga has been proved to reduce menstrual pain and there’s also an indication that physical activity could improve the regularity of the menstrual cycle. Adequate energy intake is needed to avoid oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. No clear recommendations were found for the remaining subclinical menstrual disorders. Conclusion: The study has shown that physical activity and diet have positive effects on some subclinical menstrual disorders. Symptoms of PMS could be eased by calm, meditative activities. Yoga and physical activity have been shown to reduce dysmenorrhea. Adequate energy intake is essential to avoid oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. Further research is needed to give general recommendations.
Rosetta, Lyliane. "Contribution a l'etude des effets de la malnutrition chronique sur la fonction de reproduction dans l'espece humaine : a partir d'une etude realisee dans une population d'agriculteurs sedentaires du senegal." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077147.
Full textAzevedo, Rui Dinis Alves Duarte de. "Abordagem da Amenorreia Hipotalâmica Funcional." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/136112.
Full textSilva, Joana Cruz Matos Calvão da. "Amenorreia funcional hipotalâmica, a propósito de casos clínicos de anorexia nervosa." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/30629.
Full textA amenorreia funcional hipotalâmica (AFH), comummente associada ao stresse, caracteriza-se pela ausência de ciclos menstruais durante mais de 6 meses por supressão do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário, sem a identificação de uma anomalia orgânica. A AFH representa entre 15-48% dos casos de amenorreia. Considera-se que o defeito chave é uma alteração na secreção pulsátil da hormona libertadora de gonadotrofinas (GnRH), que altera a secreção das gonadotrofinas. Estas alterações resultam num profundo hipoestrogenismo, com redução progressiva da massa óssea e aumento do risco de fratura a longo prazo. A AFH pode estar associada à perda de peso abrupta, no contexto de distúrbios alimentares como a anorexia nervosa, ao exercício físico vigoroso e/ou ao stresse físico ou psíquico. Neste contexto fizemos uma revisão sistemática atualizada sobre o tema, focando a nossa atenção numa das causas mais frequentes e preocupantes de AFH: a anorexia nervosa (AN). Por fim procedemos à análise de dois processos de doentes com AN do Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC). As doentes com AN podem ter consequências profundas nos diversos sistemas orgânicos, bem como a nível psicológico e social. No que diz respeito ao sistema endócrino, objeto de maior relevo neste trabalho, as alterações são de carácter adaptativo. Destacam-se a alteração do metabolismo tiroideu, a hiperatividade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-suprarrenal, a resistência à ação da hormona do crescimento, a redução dos níveis de leptina e o aumento dos níveis de grelina. Neste âmbito é fundamental a avaliação cuidadosa destas doentes por uma equipa multidisciplinar. As opções terapêuticas são múltiplas e continuam em investigação, particularmente no que diz respeito à prevenção da perda da massa óssea e da osteoporose, uma das consequências mais temidas nestas doentes.
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), commonly associated with stress, is a condition characterized by the absence of menses during more than 6months due to the suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, in which no anatomical or organic disease is identified. FHA accounts for 15-48% of the cases of amenorrhea. The common underlying defect is an alteration in the pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which changes gonadotropin secretion. This hormonal changes lead to hypoestrogenism, which is associated with progressive bone mass reduction and increased long-term fracture risk. FHA can be associated with sudden weight loss in the context of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, vigorous exercise and/or stress (physical and mental). In this context we performed an updated systematic review on the topic, focusing our attention in one of the most frequent and alarming causes of FHA: anorexia nervosa (AN). Finally, we analyzed two cases of patients with AN of the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism of the Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre (CHUC). AN patients can reveal profound consequences in various organ systems and at a psychological and social level. In what concerns the endocrine system, the focus of this work, mainly adaptive changes were found. Highlights include alterations in thyroid metabolism, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resistance to the action of the growth hormone, reduced leptin levels and increased ghrelin levels. Careful evaluation of these patients by a multidisciplinary team is essential. There are several therapies currently available and there is an ongoing investigation, particularly when it comes to the prevention of bone loss and osteoporosis, which is one of the most feared consequences in these patients.
Santos, Ana Filipa Alves. "Disfunções ovulatórias na atleta de alta competição." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82015.
Full textA disfunção ovulatória nas atletas de alta competição tem vindo a tornar-se cada vez mais prevalente, assim como as consequências a ela associadas. A tríade da mulher atleta conjuga a disfunção ovulatória a uma baixa densidade mineral óssea e um défice energético relativo. . O objetivo desta revisão passa pela compreensão da etiologia desta disfunção, os seus agravantes e fatores concomitantes, bem como as consequências e enquadramento clínico. Propõe-se, também, a melhor abordagem diagnóstico e terapêutica para a tríade. Como tal, foram, sistematicamente, selecionados artigos científicos e de revisão. . Conclui-se que a amenorreia hipotalâmica funcional é a disfunção ovulatória típica em atletas de alta competição, que a sua principal consequência é a diminuição da densidade mineral óssea e que, juntamente com um défice energético relativo compõe uma tríade clínica: a tríade da mulher atleta. O tratamento passa, primordialmente pelo restabelecimento do balanço energético e, se necessário, pela reposição hormonal. . São inúmeros e indiscutíveis os benefícios da atividade física, razão pela qual tem apresentando, progressivamente, mais adeptos. Podem ser enumerados: a diminuição do risco cardiovascular, estímulo metabólico, autoestima, estímulo psicossocial, sensação de bem-estar, entre outros. No entanto, a sua prática descontrolada pode culminar num ponto de rotura da homeostasia, tornando-se insustentável para a normal fisiologia corporal, levando a alterações metabólicas, neuro-endócrinas, ginecológicas e mesmo psíquicas. Está descrita uma redução do risco de anovulação, aquando da prática de 30 a 60 minutos diários de exercício leve a moderado, mas um significativo aumento de risco anovulatório em praticantes de exercício de forma extrema, por mais de 60 minutos diários. A representação do sexo feminino nas modalidades desportivas de alta competição tem aumentado significativamente, desde meados do século XX. Com ela, surge também um novo conceito: a “Tríade da Mulher Atleta” (TMA). .O ciclo menstrual (CM) é regulado pelo eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário. O hipotálamo é responsável pela produção do fator de libertação de gonadotrofinas (GnRH), que, por sua vez, estimula a produção das hormonas luteinizante (LH) e folículo-estimulante (FSH) pela hipófise. Estas últimas estimulam o ovário a produzir hormonas esteróides de forma sequencial. . Qualquer alteração ao longo do CM poderá resultar numa disfunção ovulatória, culminando em fenómenos anovulatórios, oligo-amenorreia e alteração dos níveis de hormonas esteróides, com possíveis repercussões a nível da saúde ginecológica, óssea e cardiovascular.
The prevalence of ovulatory dysfunctions in athletes as increased as well as its consequences. The approach of ovulatory dysfunctions along with low bone density and relative energy deficiency comes together as Female Athlete Triad. . This revision article main goal is to comprehend the dysfunction, triggers-points and its consequences and to know the best therapeutic method. Consequently were selected scientific and revision articles. . It concludes that the typical dysfunction in female athletes is funcional hypothalamic amenorrhea and its main consequence e low bone density. All together with relative energy deficiency it comes the female athlete thriad. It can be primarily treated with the maintenance of the energetic state and eventually with hormonal replacement.... Low energy availability (from decreased caloric intake, excessive energy expenditure, or both) and stress are common causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in women. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is the term used to describe amenorrhea that results from such causes and is diagnosed after excluding other etiologies of amenorrhea. The terms functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) are often used interchangeably.FHA is presumed to be a functional disruption of pulsatile, hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. The abnormal GnRH secretion characteristic of FHA leads to decreased pulses of gonadotropins, absent midcycle surges in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, absence of normal follicular development, anovulation, and low serum estradiol (E2) concentrations. Variable neuroendocrine patterns of LH secretion can be seen. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are low or normal and often exceed those of LH, similar to the pattern in prepubertal girls.
Faria, Isabela Marina Antunes de. "Distúrbios alimentares e consequências ginecológicas." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/89994.
Full textDe acordo com a classificação apresentada pela Associação Americana de Psiquiatria, no Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, existem várias categorias de distúrbios alimentares. Neste trabalho serão abordadas a anorexia nervosa e a bulimia nervosa. A anorexia nervosa e a bulimia nervosa são distúrbios alimentares frequentes na população feminina que podem ter consequências graves, pelas suas complicações médicas e pela sua mortalidade. A prevalência destes distúrbios tem vindo a aumentar, pelo que a sua identificação e rastreio precoce tem um papel fundamental para o curso e prognóstico da doença. A fisiopatologia destas doenças ainda não está completamente esclarecida, devido à sua complexidade e etiologia multifatorial. Existem consequências frequentes destes distúrbios no sistema reprodutivo da mulher, incluindo a amenorreia, oligomenorreia, síndrome do ovário poliquístico, gravidez não planeada, disfunção sexual e infertilidade. Vários têm sido os estudos realizados no âmbito da relação entre distúrbios alimentares e cancro ginecológico, sabendo-se à partida que as repercussões a longo prazo destas patologias ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidas. Deste modo, procurou-se com este trabalho caracterizar as repercussões destes dois distúrbios alimentares na ginecolgia, à luz de novas evidências científicas, abordando aspetos etiológicos, fisiopatológicos e a importância do rastreio e do seguimento destes distúrbios na ginecologia, que necessitam de uma equipa multidisciplinar para a resolução e melhoria do seu quadro clínico.
According to the classification presented by the American Psychiatric Association, in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, there are several categories of eating disorders. In this work we will discuss anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are frequent eating disorders in female population that can evolve into serious consequences regarding their medical complications and mortality. Despite the prevalence of these disorders has been increasing, their identification and screening plays a key role in the course and prognosis of the disease. Pathophysiology has not yet fully understood because of their complex pathology and multifactorial etiology. These diseases have consequences on woman’s reproductive system like amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, unplanned pregnancy, sexual dysfunction and infertility. Research into their association with gynecological cancer will bring new information about them. Several studies have been carried out on the relationship between eating disorders and gynecological cancer, and it is known at the outset that the long-term repercussions of these pathologies have not been fully elucidated yet.Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the repercussions of these two eating disorders in gynecology, in the light of new scientific evidence, addressing etiological and pathophysiological aspects with the importance of screening and follow-up these disorders in gynecology, which require a multidisciplinary team for the resolution and improvement of their clinical condition.
Afonso, Margarida Isabel Marques. "Anorexia nervosa e alterações da função reprodutora." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/43119.
Full textA Anorexia Nervosa é um distúrbio do comportamento alimentar que regista, apesar das relativamente baixas taxas de prevalência, um interesse crescente nas sociedades ocidentais pela incidência crescente mas fundamentalmente pela potencial gravidade das complicações médicas, morbilidade e mortalidade. Afetando de forma particular adolescentes e adultos, especialmente jovens do sexo feminino, constitui uma patologia multifatorial, etiológica e fisiopatologicamente complexa, ainda pouco esclarecida, que encaixa num modelo bio-psico-social, em que fatores de predisposição genética são influenciados por fatores psicológicos e contexto social, com crescente relevância dada a aspetos neurobiológicos. Definida, segundo a classificação do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, pela recusa em manter um peso corporal mínimo adequado à idade e sexo, pelo medo intenso em engordar e pela distorção da perceção da imagem corporal e, no sexo feminino, por amenorreia. A anorexia nervosa tem uma evolução clínica geralmente prolongada, caraterizada por alterações psicológicas endócrino-metabólicas multisistémicas, a maioria reversíveis após tratamento, com a exceção parcial da redução da densidade mineral óssea e défices cognitivos. A nível terapêutico recomenda-se uma abordagem multidisciplinar, com integração de psicoterapia (individual e familiar), estabilização médica, com o principal objetivo de normalização do peso corporal, e reabilitação nutricional. A amenorreia, uma das caraterísticas definidoras do distúrbio, é tradutora do comprometimento do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonada em adaptação ao estado de desnutrição, cujos mecanismos subjacentes e a variabilidade individual verificada entre as doentes anoréticas, assim como as repercussões a longo prazo, estão ainda pouco esclarecidos. Com o tratamento a maioria das mulheres recuperaram a função menstrual, registando taxas de fertilidade normais, com prognóstico favorável. Contudo, de um modo geral, antecedentes de Anorexia Nervosa, ativa ou em remissão, associam-se a um aumento do risco de complicações materno-fetais. Além disto a disfunção menstrual associa-se a longo prazo a distúrbios do crescimento e desenvolvimento pubertário, alterações ósseas e cognitivas. Apesar dos resultados discordantes publicados, as recomendações de cuidados pré-natais intensivos e um acompanhamento pós-natal rigoroso, e para o tratamento pré-concecional são consensuais. Neste trabalho procura-se fazer uma avaliação sumária da literatura quanto à Anorexia Nervosa e às múltiplas complicações médicas envolvidas, incidindo de modo particular nos aspetos referentes à epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, evolução e outcome da disfunção menstrual nos doentes do sexo feminino.
Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder which, despite the relatively low prevalence rates, has an increasing interest in Western societies, because of the increasing incidence, but mainly because of the potential severity of its medical complications, morbidity and mortality. Affecting particularly adolescents and adults, specially females, it is a complex and multifactorial disease, etiologically and pathophysiologically poorly understood, which fits a bio-psycho-social model in which genetic predisposition is influenced by psychological factors and social context, with increasing relevance given to the neurobiological aspects. Defined, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, as a refusal to maintain a minimum body weight adequate for age and sex, an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted perception of body image, and, in females, by amenorrhea. Anorexia Nervosa usually has a prolonged clinical course characterized by multiple psychological and multisystemic endocrine-metabolic abnormalities, the majority reversible with treatment, with the partial exception of reduced bone density and cognitive deficits. At the therapeutic level is recommended a multidisciplinary approach, integrating psychotherapy (individual and familiar) and medical stabilization, with the ultimate goal of normalization of body weight and nutritional rehabilitation. Amenorrhea, one of the defining features of the disorder, translates the impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in adaptation to the state of malnutrition, whose underlying mechanisms and individual variability observed among anorexic patients, as well as long-term consequences are still poorly clarified. With treatment most women recovered menstrual function, registering normal fertility rates, with a favorable prognosis. However, in general, a history of anorexia nervosa, active or in remission, are associated with an increased risk of maternal – fetal complications. In addition menstrual dysfunction is associated with long-term disturbances of growth and pubertal development, bone and cognitive abnormalities. Despite the conflicting results published, the recommendations of intensive prenatal care and rigorous postnatal follow-up, and pre-concepcional treatment are consensual. This paper seeks to make a summary assessment of the literature on the Anorexia Nervosa and the multiple medical complications involved, focusing particularly on aspects related to epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical course and outcome of menstrual dysfunction in female patients.
Jesus, Liliana Isabel Oliveira. "Síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser: um caso clínico e revisão da literatura." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81866.
Full textA Síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) consiste numa anomalia congénita do desenvolvimento genital feminino, associada a agenesia uterina e hipoplasia vaginal, que afeta cerca de 1 em cada 5000 mulheres. Com um espectro clínico variável, pode manifestar-se de forma isolada (tipo I ou simples) ou em associação com outras malformações (tipo II ou complexa). Esta patologia apresenta um significativo impacto na qualidade de vida das doentes e inúmeras implicações emocionais e psicossociais, nomeadamente no que se refere à fertilidade e capacidade residual de conceção.Reporta-se o caso clínico de uma doente com um quadro de amenorreia primária aos 14 anos, na presença de agenesia vaginal, que veio a ser diagnosticada com síndrome de MRKH. Seguidamente, apresenta-se uma revisão dos conhecimentos científicos atualmente disponíveis sobre a etiopatogénese, semiologia, técnicas diagnósticas, abordagens terapêuticas e potencial reprodutivo nas malformações müllerianas.Apesar dos avanços alcançados no decorrer dos últimos anos, nomeadamente no que concerne a procedimentos terapêuticos, existem ainda muitas questões em aberto relativamente à conduta a seguir nos casos de síndrome de MRKH, desde a melhor forma de acompanhamento psicológico das doentes, às técnicas mais apropriadas para criação e manutenção de um comprimento vaginal adequado, ao desenvolvimento de cancro vaginal e outras complicações até à resolução do problema de infertilidade, pelo que se revela fundamental manter esforços de otimização do seguimento destas doentes.
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital anomaly of female genital development associated with uterine agenesis and vaginal hypoplasia, which affects about 1 in 5000 women. With a variable clinical spectrum, it may manifest as an isolated form (type I or simple) or in association with other malformations (type II or complex). This diagnosis has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patients and innumerable emotional and psychosocial implications, particularly in regard with fertility and residual capacity of conception.We report a clinical case of a patient with primary amenorrhoea at 14 years of age, in the presence of vaginal agenesis, which came to be diagnosed with MRKH syndrome. Posteriorly, a review of the scientific knowledge currently available on the etiopathogenesis, semiology, diagnostic techniques, therapeutic approaches and reproductive potential in müllerian malformations is presented.Despite of the advances achieved over the last years, particularly regarding therapeutic procedures, there are still many open questions concerning the conduct to be followed in cases of MRKH syndrome, from the best way to psychologically support the patients, to the most appropriate techniques for the creation and maintenance of an adequate vaginal length, the development of vaginal cancer and other complications to the resolution of the infertility problem. Therefore, it is essential to maintain efforts to optimize the follow-up of these patients.
Infante, Joana Brioso. "Identificação de uma nova mutação na síndrome de insensibilidade aos androgénios." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/4996.
Full textIntroduction: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), a rare X-linked recessive disorder, is caused by mutations in the gene coding the androgen receptor (AR). Its dysfunction leads to target-tissue resistance to androgens, preventing a normal masculinization and virilization of a 46,XY individual. Diagnosis can be made in utero or during infancy, but many cases go unnoticed until puberty, when primary amenorrhea with normal breast development and scarce axillary and pubic hair lead to assessment of these girls. Demonstration of a mutation in the AR gene is the main diagnostic criteria for AIS. The aim of this study was to genetically study an adult patient with a female phenotype and 46,XY karyotype. Materials and Methods: The patient presented a normal female appearance, but with an XY karyotype and absence of a uterus and ovaries, but with a gonad on the left, demonstrated by ultrasound. Leukocyte DNA was extracted from the patient and exons 4-8 of the AR gene were amplified and then sequenced. The structure of the messenger RNA was analyzed using RTPCR with leukocyte RNA with subsequent sequencing of the resulting product. Results: A c.2173+2T>C mutation was found, located at the splice donor site of intron 4, with the substitution of a thymine for a cytosine. Sequencing of the RT-PCR product demonstrated a 123-nucleotide deletion in exon 4, with exon 5 being spliced directly to the remaining exon 4. Translation of this aberrant transcript produces an AR protein with an in-frame deletion of 41 aminoacids, corresponding to residues 674-714, in the testosterone-binding domain. Discussion: The diagnosis of AIS was confirmed in this patient. This is the first reported mutation at the +2 position of an intron in the AR gene. This mutation inactivated the donor splice region of intron 4 and initiated an alternative splicing at position c.2049 of exon 4, and part of the exon was deleted. In the androgen receptor, the deleted region corresponds to the majority of helix 3, and its presence is critical to the conformational change of the receptor that enables the entry of androgens into the nucleus. The inexistence of helix 3 explains the absence of physiological binding of testosterone to its receptor in this patient. After the diagnosis of AIS, the therapeutic approach is based on the treatment of the lower bone mineral density, in the surgical removal of the male gonads, and in psychological support and genetic counseling.
O'Donnell, Emma. "Altered cardiovascular function in amenorrheic physically active women." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=442054&T=F.
Full textPinto-Aguirre, Guido. "Breastfeeding and post-partum amenorrhea in urban Bolivian woman a hazard model approach /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22966960.html.
Full textTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-83).
Pinto, Guido. "Breastfeeding patterns, nutrition and postpartum amenorrhea in Guatemalan women a multi-state hazard approach /." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32620520.html.
Full textTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-304).
Barron, Elizabeth M. "Dietary fiber and saturated fat are linked to bone mineral density in amenorrheic athletes." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15631.
Full textO'Donnell, Emma. "Cardiovascular Consequences of Estrogen Deficiency: Studies in Premenopausal Women." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43692.
Full textLee, Daniel K. "Resting metabolic rate and metabolic hormone differences between amenorrheic and menstruating exercising women indicate a metabolically-adjusted energy balance." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370253&T=F.
Full textLassiter, Jill W. "A survey of student coaches' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors regarding the female athlete triad." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 94-100). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
Conroy, Susan Kim. "Chemotherapy, estrogen, and cognition : neuroimaging and genetic variation." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4027.
Full textThe time course and biological mechanisms by which breast cancer (BC) and/or alterations in estrogen status lead to cognitive and brain changes remain unclear. The studies presented here use neuroimaging, cognitive testing, genetics, and biomarkers to investigate how post-chemotherapy interval (PCI), chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA), and genetic variation in the estrogen pathway affect the brain. Chapter 1 examines the association of post-chemotherapy interval (PCI) with gray matter density (GMD) and working memory-related brain activation in BC survivors (mean PCI 6.4, range 3-10 years). PCI was positively associated with GMD and activation in the right frontal lobe, and GMD in this region was correlated with global neuropsychological function. In regions where BC survivors showed decreased GMD compared to controls, this was inversely related to oxidative DNA damage and learning and memory scores. This is the first study to show neural effects of PCI and relate DNA damage to brain alterations in BC survivors. Chapter 2 demonstrates prospectively, in an independent cohort, decreased combined magnitudes of brain activation and deactivation from pre-to post-chemotherapy in patients undergoing CIA compared to both postmenopausal BC patients undergoing chemotherapy and healthy controls. CIA’s change in activity magnitude was strongly correlated with change in processing speed, suggesting this activity increase reflects effective cognitive compensation. These results demonstrate that the pattern of change in brain activity from pre- to post-chemotherapy varies according to pre-treatment menopausal status. Chapter 3 presents the effects of variation in ESR1, the gene that codes for estrogen receptor-α, on brain structure in healthy older adults. ESR1 variation was associated with hippocampus and amygdala volumes, particularly in females. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9340799 influenced cortical GMD and thickness differentially by gender. Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 carrier status modulated the effect of SNP rs2234693 on amygdala volumes in women. This study showed that genetic variation in estrogen relates to brain morphology in ways that differ by sex, brain region and APOE-ε4 carrier status. The three studies presented here explore the interplay of BC, estrogen, and cognition, showing that PCI, CIA, and ESR1 genotype influence brain phenotypes. Cognitive correlates of neuroimaging findings indicate potential clinical significance of these results.