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1
Ikbal, Feroz. "Beyond Accreditation: Issues in Healthcare Quality." International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration 3, no. 1 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1028.
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ABSTRACT In the last few years, there is an increased interest among Indian Healthcare institutions to get accredited from bodies, such as national accreditation board for hospitals and healthcare providers (NABH), Joint Commission International (JCI), Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS), and college of american pathologists Laboratory accreditation programme (CAP), etc. Hospital administrators, clinicians, academicians, promoters of the hospitals, policy makers and even government feel that accreditation is a panacea for all the problems associated with healthcare quality. But with the incidence of fire in one of the NABH accredited hospital in a metropolitan city, questions began to be asked on the correlation between quality and accreditation. Most of the hospitals use accreditation as a promotional tool, rather than a tool for continuous quality improvement. Often the entire focus of quality in a hospital is confined to the process of accreditation and re-accreditation. Time has come to think on the entire process of accreditation of hospitals in India, though it has a history of less than a decade. This paper intends to discuss various issues of quality in hospitals, outside the realms of accreditation. Need for strengthening and re-engineering the accreditation is also discussed. Accreditation essentially identifies the capability of the hospital to deliver quality care. It does not assure that hospitals delivers quality care. This aspect of accreditation has been often forgotten by the various stakeholders in healthcare. In this paper, an attempt is made to discuss other issues of quality, such as spurious drugs, quality of biomaterials, such as stents and biomedical equipments, quality of human resources, etc. which are often neglected by health institutions in its obsession to accreditation. How to cite this article Ikbal F. Beyond Accreditation: Issues in Healthcare Quality. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(1):1-4.
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Lee, Louis C., H. David Reines, Michael J. Sheridan, Barbara E. Farmer, John Martin, and Michael Duan. "Apples and Oranges." American Journal of Medical Quality 26, no. 6 (August 10, 2011): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860611401652.
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The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) is used by the American College of Surgeons to measure and report surgical quality and outcomes. Premier’s Quality Manager (QM) generates expected outcomes from patient charts. The authors compared observed NSQIP morbidity and mortality outcomes with those predicted by QM. NSQIP data for 1919 patients were entered into QM. The discriminatory accuracy of the QM model was assessed using the C statistic (1.0 implies perfect discrimination, and 0.5 implies no discrimination). NSQIP and QM both identified 51 deaths (C statistic, 0.91). NSQIP identified 478 postoperative occurrences, whereas QM predicted 714 patients with at least 1 complication; 223 of these were subclassified as patients with at least 1 morbid complication (C statistic, 0.83). QM did not perform as well in predicting the observed NSQIP morbidities. Surgical leaders and hospital administrators must critically evaluate products before adopting programs designed to improve patient outcomes or making decisions regarding physician practice.
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Novis, David A., Suzanne Nelson, Barbara J. Blond, Anthony J. Guidi, Michael L. Talbert, Pamela Mix, and Peter L. Perrotta. "Laboratory Staff Turnover: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 23 Clinical Laboratories." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 144, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0140-cp.
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Context.— Knowledge of laboratory staff turnover rates are important to laboratory medical directors and hospital administrators who are responsible for ensuring adequate staffing of their clinical laboratories. The current turnover rates for laboratory employees are unknown. Objective.— To determine the 3-year average employee turnover rates for clinical laboratory staff and to survey the types of institutional human resource practices that may be associated with lower turnover rates. Design.— We collected data from participating laboratories spanning a 3-year period of 2015–2017, which included the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) staff members that their laboratories employed in several personnel and departmental categories, and the number of laboratory staff FTEs who vacated each of those categories that institutions intended to refill. We calculated the 3-year average turnover rates for all laboratory employees, for several personnel categories, and for major laboratory departmental categories, and assessed the potential associations between 3-year average all laboratory staff turnover rates with institutional human resource practices. Results.— A total of 23 (20 US and 3 international) participating institutions were included in the analysis. Among the 21 participants providing adequate turnover data, the median of the 3-year average turnover rate for all laboratory staff was 16.2%. Among personnel categories, ancillary staff had the lowest median (11.1% among 21 institutions) and phlebotomist staff had the highest median (24.9% among 20 institutions) of the 3-year average turnover rates. Among laboratory departments, microbiology had the lowest median (7.8% among 18 institutions) and anatomic pathology had the highest median (14.3% among 14 institutions) of the 3-year average turnover rates. Laboratories that developed and communicated clear career paths to their employees and that funded external laboratory continuing education activities had significantly lower 3-year average turnover rates than laboratories that did not implement these strategies. Conclusions.— Laboratory staff turnover rates among institutions varied widely. Two human resource practices were associated with lower laboratory staff turnover rates.
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Hawkins, Joy L., Charles P. Gibbs, Miriam Orleans, Gallice Martin-Salvaj, and Brenda Beaty. "Obstetric Anesthesia Work Force Survey, 1981 versus 1992." Anesthesiology 87, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199707000-00018.
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Background In 1981, with support from the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, anesthesia and obstetric providers were surveyed to identify the personnel and methods used to provide obstetric anesthesia in the United States. The survey was expanded and repeated in 1992 with support from the same organizations. Methods Comments and questions from the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Obstetrical Anesthesia and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice were added to the original survey instrument to include newer issues while allowing comparison with data from 1981. Using the American Hospital Association registry of hospitals, hospitals were differentiated by number of births per year (stratum I, > or = 1,500 births; stratum II, 500-1,499 births; stratum III, < 500 births) and by U.S. census region. A stratified random sample of hospitals was selected. Two copies of the survey were sent to the administrator of each hospital, one for the chief of obstetrics and one for the chief of anesthesiology. Results Compared with 1981 data, there was an overall reduction in the number of hospitals providing obstetric care (from 4,163 to 3,545), with the decrease occurring in the smallest units (56% of stratum III hospitals in 1981 compared with 45% in 1992). More women received some type of labor analgesia and there was a 100% increase in the use of epidural analgesia. However, regional analgesia was unavailable in 20% of the smallest hospitals. Spinal analgesia for labor was used in 4% of parturients. In 1981, obstetricians provided 30% of epidural analgesia for labor; they provided only 2% in 1992. Regional anesthesia was used for 78-85% (depending on strata) of patients undergoing cesarean section, resulting in a marked decrease in the use of general anesthesia. Anesthesia for cesarean section was provided by nurse anesthetists without the medical direction of an anesthesiologist in only 4% of stratum I hospitals but in 59% of stratum III hospitals. Anesthesia personnel provided neonatal resuscitation in 10% of cesarean deliveries compared with 23% in 1981. Conclusions Compared with 1981, analgesia is more often used by parturients during labor, and general anesthesia is used less often in patients having cesarean section deliveries. In the smallest hospitals, regional analgesia for labor is still unavailable to many parturients, and more than one half of anesthetics for cesarean section are provided by nurse anesthetists without medical direction by an anesthesiologist. Obstetricians are less likely to personally provide epidural analgesia for their patients. Anesthesia personnel are less involved in newborn resuscitation.
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Robillard, Julie M., Stephanie C. Bourne, Mallorie T. Tam, Patricia M. Page, Elizabeth A. Lamb, Carmina Gogal, Erik D. Skarsgard, and Kourosh Afshar. "Improving the paediatric surgery patient experience: an 8-year analysis of narrative quality data." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 2 (May 2020): e000924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-000924.
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BackgroundNarrative data about the patient experience of surgery can help healthcare professionals and administrators better understand the needs of patients and their families as well as provide a foundation for improvement of procedures, processes and services. However, units often lack a methodological framework to analyse these data empirically and derive key areas for improvement. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) is aimed at improving the quality of surgical care by collecting patient data and reporting risk-adjusted surgical outcomes for each participant hospital in the programme. Though qualitative data about patient experience are captured as part of the NSQIP database, to date no framework or methodology has been proposed, or reported on, to analyse these data for the purposes of quality improvement. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using content analysis to empirically derive key areas for quality improvement from a sample of 3601 narrative comments about paediatric surgery from patients and families at British Columbia Children’s Hospital.Study designThematic content analysis conducted on a total of 3601 patient and family narratives received between 2011 and 2018.ResultsOverall satisfaction with care was high and experiences with healthcare providers at the hospital were positive. Areas for improvement were identified in the themes of health outcomes, communication and surgery timelines. Results informed follow-up interprofessional quality improvement initiatives.ConclusionsRecording and analysing patient experience data as part of validated quality improvement programmes such as ACS NSQIP can provide valuable and actionable information to improve quality of care.
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Rives, T. E., C. Hecht, A. Wallace, and R. Gandhi. "(P2-82) Developing and Implementing an Emergency Preparedness and Trauma Research Program in a New Level One Trauma Center." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11005279.
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Our level one trauma center with a service area covering a population of approximately four-million people treats approximately 80,000 patients per year. In 2010, we anticipate more than 23,000 patients admitted, and to experience more than 850,000 patient encounters within the network. Trauma research is an important component to any level one trauma center, as well as a requirement of the American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT). Our trauma center has recently gained level one designation and began an emergency preparedness research and trauma research (EPR/TR) program in earnest. We are fortunate to have support from executive administrators. Stewardship is a necessary element of our planning, in part because we are a county hospital serving a large uninsured patient population. The following are a few of the necessary steps we took to build an (EPR/TR) department from the beginning, to the point of submitting abstracts, manuscripts, funding grants, and presentations to regional, national, and international conferences, journals, and agencies. Structure the Emergency Preparedness Office to be a component of Trauma Services, allowing a unique opportunity for real-time disaster and mass casualty research. Secure a commitment from senior executives. Secure an experienced researcher, capable of research administration. Ensure the (EPR/TR) director, trauma medical director, trauma services director, and emergency preparedness coordinator can be a cohesive team with complimentary skills. Encourage trauma surgeons to perform research with assistance from the (EPR/TR) Office. Seek federal and foundation funding. Seek alliances with appropriate consortiums and associations. Develop a research relationship with pre-hospital emergency services. The above steps represent only some of the components used to build our (EPR/TR) department. We anticipate the planned expansion of the above steps will take our EPR/TR to the next level and increase extramural funding.
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Klemp, Jennifer R., Heather Vanbebber, Tanya Folker, Lisa Serig, Tim Metcalf, Audrey Roberts, Meredith Cooper, and Debbie Fernandez. "A health system wide approach to the delivery of survivorship care plans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.7_suppl.42.
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42 Background: Survivorship care plans (SCPs) are recognized by organizations including the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer, as a best practice for improving survivor care. Little evidence supports this and hospitals and cancer centers are scrambling to meet deadlines for SCP development and delivery. The University of Kansas Cancer Center (KUCC) addressed this utilizing electronic health record (EHR) integration, developing a health system wide approach to education and delivery, and building referral workflows to primary care and specialists. We report on this approach to developing and growing a survivorship care program. Methods: KUCC is a NCI designated cancer center within an academic medical center and health system, with 11 outpatient locations across the Kansas City. Under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team: providers, health care informatics, administrators, nursing, tumor registry, quality improvement, and researchers, KUCC developed a step-wise process to deliver comprehensive survivorship care across the health system. This multi-year initiative aligned with institutional accreditation standards and an ongoing focus on expanding evidence based, comprehensive cancer and supportive care. Results: In 2014 a formal survivorship program plan was put into action: Support from leadership, providers, research priority; Staff and patient survivorship education & training; Integrated delivery of survivorship care at all locations with direct interaction and feedback from cancer care teams; Short & long-term programmatic goals; Management and referral of late effects of cancer; EPIC integrated SCP template: auto-populated, customized, personalized; treatment summary uses tools that pull in data stored discreetly in the patient "file"; SCP delivery targeting COC phase-in timeline: 2015: n= 539 (10% projection n= 434); 2016: n= 1,355 (25% projection n=1,253). Conclusions: This step-wise, integrated approach to survivorship care has resulted in a health system wide delivery of SCPs and meeting national accreditation standards. Next steps include the evaluation of cost and clinical/patient reported outcomes.
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Pulimood, Benjamin M. "Management Training for Hospital Administrators." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 12, no. 3 (July 1987): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919870308.
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Just befme taking over as the Director of Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Dr Benjamin Pulimood spent a few months at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. He took keen interest in the PGP students and attended several seminars and courses. Major hospitals today have large budgets and immense problems of administration. Given these complexities, Dr Pulimood feels that management training would be useful for hospital administrators. He recommends short-term. management programmes for medical experts who have to administer large hospitals.
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Varghese, Sara. "Ideas and Experiences." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 13, no. 1 (January 1988): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919880106.
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In the July-September 1987 issue of Vikalpa, Dr Benjamin Pulimood, Director, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, discussed the relevance of management training for hospital administrators. Based on his. experience at CMC&H and the few months he spent at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, Dr Pulimood identified the areas that hospital administrators may find useful. In agreeing with Dr Pulimood, Dr Sara Varghese presents some important differences between a private institution such as CMC&H and a government medical college and hospital and draws implications for training administrators of government hospitals.
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Phillips, Demetrice, and Karina Kasztelnik. "The International Descriptive Study of Effective Methods for the Recruitment and the Retention of Faculty in the United States." Business Ethics and Leadership 5, no. 2 (2021): 21–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.5(2).21-58.2021.
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This qualitative descriptive study explored what community college administrators and faculty described as being effective recruitment and retention methods for faculty at community colleges in the Northeastern United States. This study answered two research questions: what recruitment methods do administrators and American faculty at community colleges describe as being effective in the recruitment of American faculty? Also, what retention methods do administrators and American faculty at community colleges describe as being effective in the retention of American faculty? The researcher applied critical race theory to form a framework for best practices in recruiting and retaining American faculty. Data were obtained by interviewing six American faculty and surveying seven community college administrators employed at Massachusetts community colleges who were selected using purposive sampling and community college online staff directories. Using MAXQDA data analysis software, the researcher initiated data analysis using thematic analysis. Data were organized and analyzed to identify codes, categories, and themes. Data analysis resulted in six themes: hiring processes, faculty diversity, recruitment strategies, work environment, student and faculty relationships, and retention strategies. The findings of this study can benefit community college personnel by recommending recruitment and retention strategies to effectively recruit and retain American faculty. There was limited research and data available related to the recruitment and retention of African American male faculty at community colleges. The faculty and administrator participants of this study provided rich data on effective recruitment and retention methods for African American male faculty at community colleges. The critical race theory theoretical framework was summarized. Theoretical and practical implications emerged. Based on the data and new insights, implications for future research were discussed.
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Moore, Shirley, Michael Ward, and Barry Katz. "Machiavellianism and Tolerance of Ambiguity." Psychological Reports 82, no. 2 (April 1998): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.2.415.
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The relationship of Machiavellianism and Tolerance of Ambiguity was studied in 47 African-American college and university administrators. The mean score on Machiavellianism in the youngest group (30–40 yr.) of administrators was significantly higher on Machiavellianism than the mean of the oldest group (50 yr. and older) of administrators.
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Bridges, Carl R. "The Characteristics of Career Achievement Perceived By African American College Administrators." Journal of Black Studies 26, no. 6 (July 1996): 748–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193479602600606.
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Muzzin, Linda. "Theorizing College Governance Across Epistemic Differences: Awareness Contexts of College Administrators and Faculty." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 46, no. 3 (December 19, 2016): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v46i3.188010.
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To provide a fresh perspective on governance in Canada’s colleges, interview data from administrators and faculty were interpreted through the lens of Glaser and Strauss’ (1965) theoretical categories describing interaction between physicians and patients. An example of a “closed awareness context” is suggested around college fund-raising, while “mutual suspicion” was observed in administrator-faculty interaction around student success policy. Examples of “mutual pretense” include feigned administrator-faculty cooperation around changing college missions and faculty workload formulae. “Open awareness” or dialogue, however, occurred where professional bodies or unions intervened. Awareness contexts are central to symbolic interactionist research, which focusses on how everyday realities are constructed. Similarities between doctor-patient and administrator-faculty interactions can be seen in the examples here. For example, just as doctors feared that delivering bad news to patients might precipitate “mayhem” in the hospital, college administrators may fear that openness around divisive topics might precipitate “mayhem” in college management.
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Neufeld, Marianne M., Andrew J. Holt, and Raisa B. Deber. "The Merger That Wasn't: Lessons for Senior Administrators." Healthcare Management Forum 6, no. 4 (December 1993): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61133-7.
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A turbulent health care environment has prompted some hospitals to consider integrating services and in some cases merge entirely. Fundamental lessons may be learned by studying how an attempted merger between Women's College Hospital and The Toronto Hospital in Toronto failed — despite board and senior executive support. Clarity of purpose, involvement of essential external and internal stakeholders, rational analysis, ideological fit and political expediency are a few key elements to consider. Once initiated, changes of this magnitude may take on a life of their own with often unpredictable results.
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Bower, Beverly L. "THE SOCIAL POWER OF AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE ADMINISTRATORS IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE." Community College Journal of Research and Practice 20, no. 3 (May 1996): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1066892960200303.
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McKerracher, Krista, and Louise Perrier. "Restructuring Canada's Blood System: What Will Be the Impact on Hospitals?" Healthcare Management Forum 10, no. 1 (April 1997): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61173-8.
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With the amount of publicity given to the Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada (Krever Commission), hospitals will be pressured to change policies and procedures regarding transfusions and the use of drug alternatives to surgical blood transfusions. Over the next year, hospital administrators will be forced to implement changes regarding allocation of resources, upgrades to information systems and revised patient care practices for patients requiring transfusions or blood alternatives. At a series of focus groups organized by the Canadian College of Health Service Executives and Janssen-Ortho Inc. in early 1996, 57 health care administrators from across Canada discussed their vision of how the Krever Commission has and will affect hospital policies and procedures over the next few years. This article summarizes the groups' findings relating to the changes that hospital administrators are likely to implement across Canada in the next two to three years as a result of the Commission's activities.
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Weichel, Derek. "Orthopedic Surgery in Rural American Hospitals: A Survey of Rural Hospital Administrators." Journal of Rural Health 28, no. 2 (May 25, 2011): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2011.00379.x.
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Jacobs, Lenworth M., and Karyl J. Burns. "American College of Surgeons Comprehensive Education Institute: Hartford Hospital." Journal of Surgical Education 67, no. 5 (September 2010): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2010.05.022.
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Rosati, Jerel A. "Assessing the Advanced Placement Program in American Politics." Political Science Teacher 2, no. 4 (1989): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000830.
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The Advanced Placement (AP) program has been growing rapidly in the last decade. In 1987, a new AP program was begun in American Government and Politics and its impact is beginning to be felt in high schools and colleges across the country. However, there has been no objective assessment of the program communicated and discussed throughout the political science community.To begin—what is the AP program? The Advanced Placement program offers the equivalent of introductory college courses which may lead to college credit upon satisfactory performance on an AP exam. The AP program is administered by the College Board which contracts with the Educational Testing Service (ETS) to operate the AP examinations. “About 31 percent of American secondary schools currently participate, serving approximately 17 percent of their college-bound students in this way. This use, by both schools and students, has been growing steadily in recent years” (Guide to the AP Program, 1986, p. 4).The College Board highlights the positive aspects of the AP program for learning, education, and all concerned—students, teachers, and administrators. AP programs are considered part of society's effort to revitalize the educational system in the United States, especially in high schools and higher education. The quality and implications of the AP program are all positively portrayed. Yet, the implementation of the AP program has not been closely examined and publicly discussed.
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Reyes, Maria Elena. "A Sophomore-to-Junior Mentoring Program That Works: The Sam Program at the University of Texas Pan American." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 13, no. 3 (November 2011): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cs.13.3.f.
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In an effort to increase the retention rates of college sophomores in a Hispanic Serving Institution in south Texas, university administrators created and implemented a successful peer mentoring model, the Sophomore Academic Mentoring (SAM) Program. Results suggest that the program has contributed to an increase in retention for second year, sophomore-to-junior students at the university.
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Clemente, Deirdre. "“Prettier Than They Used to Be”: Femininity, Fashion, and the Recasting of Radcliffe's Reputation, 1900–1950." New England Quarterly 82, no. 4 (December 2009): 637–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq.2009.82.4.637.
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Brains and beauty? From the pants suit of Wellesley grad Hillary Clinton to the toned arms of Princetonian Michelle Obama, the American public is preoccupied with the physical appearance of highly educated women. This article explores how administrators, publicists, and students at Radcliffe College mounted a half-century-long campaign to convince America that smart girls can be sexy.
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Young, Arlene Shorter. "First Time International College Students’ Level of Anxiety in Relationship to Awareness of Their Learning-Style Preferences." Journal of International Students 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v1i2.552.
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Given the receptivity of American colleges to international students, administrators and professors must recognize the diversity such registrants bring to campus in the form of achievement, age, gender, language, and national differences. The purpose of this study was to compare learning style preferences of international first year college students and to analyze the effects of accommodating learning-style preferences of first year international college students on achievement and anxiety levels over one semester. This paper focused on the identification of learning style profiles of first time visiting Japanese, Korean, and Chinese college student populations. It assessed anxiety and acculturation levels of these international students when they were first introduced to the American educational system which incorporated teacher facilitation and promoted student directed studies. Finally, student learning styles were assessed after a six-week summer session to see if learning styles remained the same after students were introduced to the American educational system.
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Mendez, PhD, JD, Jesse Perez, Lou Sabina, PhD, and Jon Loffi, EdD. "Colleges and universities sticking to their guns?" Journal of Emergency Management 14, no. 5 (November 29, 2016): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2016.0296.
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Firearm possession on college and university campuses remains a volatile public policy issue among policymakers, legislators, scholars, and administrators. Given the American federal governmental structure, many states have developed legislative approaches to “carry on campus” policies throughout the years that align with federal law. This study explores the diversity of state approaches and nuances of “carry on campus” throughout recent years and current state legislation under consideration. The implications of “carry on campus” legislation vary on college campuses, depending on applicable state law; however, some general dynamics apply to all.
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Khan, Mohammad Rafiul Azam, Mohammad Azizur Rahman, and Zahid Hossain. "Satisfaction and Motivation of Nursing Professional: A Study on Rangpur Medical College Hospital." Archives of Business Research 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.102.11806.
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Services of nursing professional play a pivotal role in health organizations to support patients and doctors. The study was exploratory in nature with the view to observe the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction of nursing professional. It tried to unfold the underlying factors and the degree of influence of motivational factors for job satisfaction to achieve the main objective. The study used one hundred and two (102) nurses as samples from Rangpur Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh. It used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) to reach to a meaningful conclusion. The paper found that the intrinsic factors affect the behavioral actions of the nurses towards job satisfaction. It also revealed that nurses face some significant problems relating to promotion, training, career development, workload etc. Enhancing job satisfaction to improve performance, efficiency, productivity of the nurses’ hospital management authority is urged to look into the motivational factors more closely suggested in the study. The study may assist the policy makers, administrators, and human resources experts to search for new opportunities and policies to encounter job satisfaction for nursing professionals.
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Jaime-Diaz, Jesus, and Josie Méndez-Negrete. "Como una flor/like a flower, we bloom: Memories along the community college pathway." Advances in Educational Research and Evaluation 2, no. 2 (2021): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/aere.2021.02.004.
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Previous studies on Mexican American students in community college have demonstrated a sense of resilience in completing their studies. However, such studies have been student-centric in advising that cultural capital be utilized in fostering student success. In this article, we advise the incorporation of pedagogical conocimientos as a tool for the professional development of faculty, staff and administrators in humanizing the community college experience. The findings in this article explore ways in which three students draw upon their memories in furthering their education. We analyze how students make sense of lived experiences and transmit them into their educational trajectory.
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Dwyer, Alison J. "Roles, attributes and career paths of medical administrators in public hospitals: survey of Victorian metropolitan Directors of Medical Services." Australian Health Review 34, no. 4 (2010): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09750.
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Aim. To document the roles, the perceived skills and attributes and experience required of Medical Administrators in contemporary public hospitals. Method. Interviews with Directors of Medical Services (DMS) from Victorian metropolitan public hospitals between March 2005 and May 2005. Results. A total of 14 of the 21 DMS in Victoria were interviewed. Key roles: Managing Medical Staff; Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement; Strategy and Service development; and Medical advisor to CEO. Key attributes and skills aligned with roles. Most respondents hold Fellowship of Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators (FRACMA) with over half employed for less than 2 years. Discussion. Core roles identified mirrored in key international literature. Recommendations for further study includes systematic review of literature; the influence of the medically-trained Chief Executive on roles; and further analysis of high turnover. Conclusion. This study clarifies the roles undertaken and skills required by Medical Administrators in contemporary public hospitals, providing: (1) role benchmarking for Chief Executives; (2) reduced ambiguity among the broader medical staff of the roles, to assist those who may need Medical Administrator assistance with providing patient care; (3) assisting the Medical Administration profession and RACMA to provide tailored education and training; and (4) to inform aspiring future Medical Administrators of the broad nature of such roles. What is known about the topic? There is little current Australian literature surrounding the roles and skills and experience required of Medical Administrators in Director of Medical Service positions within contemporary healthcare organisations. The roles are often poorly understood by the greater medical profession and other health professionals. This study provides clarity around the current roles and skills and experience required. What does this paper add? This study illustrates the key roles for Medical Administrators in contemporary public hospitals as (1) Managing Medical Staff (2) Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement (3) Strategy and organisational service development (4) Clinical and Medical advisor to CEO. This study also highlights the key attributes and skills that reflect the needs of the roles, with most respondents holding a Fellowship of the Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators (RACMA). In addition, there is a high turnover with more than 50% having been in the roles less than 2 years. What are the implications for practitioners? This study clarifies the roles undertaken and skills required by Medical Administrators in contemporary public hospitals. This study (1) assists Chief Executives to benchmark appropriate roles for Medical Administrators in their hospital (2) reduces ambiguity and increases awareness amongst the broader medical staff within a hospital of the roles of a Medical Administrator. The medical staff often need to access the skills of a Medical Administrator to assist them with providing patient care (3) assists the Medical Administration profession and RACMA to tailor education and training for such roles and (4) provides aspiring future Medical Administrators with an understanding of the broad nature of such roles in hospitals.
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Chen, Angela. "Addressing Diversity on College Campuses: Changing Expectations and Practices in Instructional Leadership." Higher Education Studies 7, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n2p17.
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The increasing diversity evident across all facets of American society is creating opportunities as well as challenges for instructional leaders across the nation’s postsecondary institutions. Racial and ethnic diversity and the attendant challenges and benefits of multiculturalism in society are more awareness in higher education. This study synthesizes the issues of Diversity in Higher Education Institutions and ethnically diverse university environments in a U.S. context and effective practices in Instructional Leadership based on that work to help administrators to find an effective way for future practice. In this way, the expected outcome is the creation of opportunities for underrepresented minorities so that all students can reach their greatest potential.
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Mettlin, Curtis J., Gerald P. Murphy, JoAnne Sylvester, Rosemary F. McKee, Monica Morrow, and David P. Winchester. "Results of hospital cancer registry surveys by the American College of Surgeons." Cancer 80, no. 9 (November 1, 1997): 1875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971101)80:9<1875::aid-cncr29>3.0.co;2-1.
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Cho, Na-Eun, and KiHoon Hong. "Toward a More Complete Picture of Readmission-Decreasing Initiatives." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 9272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169272.
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Readmissions are common and costly. This study examines the effectiveness of two initiatives known to help reduce readmissions. Using data from the American Hospital Association, the Census Bureau, and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ Hospital Compare database, we found that a higher quality of hospital care does not reduce, but in fact increases readmission rates. Although health information sharing decreases readmission rates, the effect is statistically significant only among the lowest-quality hospitals, not among mid- and high-quality hospitals. The results of our study have important policy implications for providers and hospital administrators with respect to efforts to reduce readmission rates.
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Cumberledge, Jason P. "The Benefits of College Marching Bands for Students and Universities: A Review of the Literature." Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 36, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755123316682819.
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College marching bands are a large and visible part of American music education. Institutions of higher learning have benefited from the existence of marching bands, as they serve as a powerful recruitment tool and an essential public relations vehicle for music departments and universities. The benefit students may receive from marching band participation is influenced by a variety of social and educational factors. This article is a review of literature on the benefits of marching bands and band participation for universities and college students. The review is organized as follows: (a) brief introduction and methodology, (b) benefits for colleges and universities, (c) benefits for college students, (d) challenges for college students, and (e) summary and recommendations. This article presents scholarship on the possible benefits of marching bands for students and universities in an effort to aid recruitment and inform administrators of the value a marching band brings to their school.
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Rutland, Emily A., Sakinah C. Suttiratana, Patrick Huang, Kimberly E. Ona Ayala, Kevin T. McGinniss, and Yetsa A. Tuakli-Wosornu. "Identifying Coach and Institutional Characteristics That Facilitate the Development of NCAA Wheelchair Basketball Programs." Sports Innovation Journal 3 (November 9, 2022): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/26284.
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Background: Despite national and institutional policies, American colleges do not currently provide student-athletes with disabilities equal access to sports opportunities. Disabled youth who wish to pursue their academic and athletic dreams in college thus have prohibitively limited options, even with popular American sports such as basketball.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics and factors that may facilitate the development and perpetuation of collegiate wheelchair basketball programs in the United States.
Methods: Five qualitative interviews were conducted with coaches and/or program administrators of established college wheelchair basketball programs. Interviews were coded and analyzed to explore common themes.
Results: Thematic data analysis uncovered five common themes important to the development and maintenance of these programs: a) coach characteristics, b) actions to recognize and address equity, c) boosters, d) institutional barriers, and e) network effects.
Conclusion: These common factors are important in the development, sustainability, and longevity of college wheelchair basketball programs and should be considered by those interested in starting similar programs.
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Kiser, William Robert. "A Hospital Ethics Committee at War: The Hospital Ship Mercy Experience during Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 1, no. 4 (1992): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100006587.
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During Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) was one of two American hospital ships deployed to the Persian Gulf. She arrived in the Gulf on 15 September 1990, following a 12,000-mile transit from her homeport of Oakland, California, and remained on station until 18 March 1991, when she passed through the Straits of Hormuz on her return voyage home. During the height of her deployment, Mercy was staffed with nearly 1,200 men and women, including physicians, nurses, dentists, representatives of affiliated health-care disciplines (including physical therapy, pharmacy, clinical psychology, social work, dietetics, and environmental health), hospital corpsmen, dental technicians, healthcare administrators, chaplains, and various nonmedical support personnel. The staff included a mix of active duty military providers and recalled reservists.
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Covarrubias, Alejandro, and Michael Soldatenko. "The Chicano Student Movement at California State College Los Angeles, 1967–1971." Ethnic Studies Review 45, no. 2-3 (2022): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2022.45.2-3.3.
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The authors examine the successful efforts to set up the first department of Mexican American Studies, possibly the first Educational Opportunity Program (EOP) in the California State University system, the establishment of a community center, and a Black and Brown House on the campus. The article details the negotiations among administrators, students, faculty, staff, and community. The goal is to highlight how the background of the East Los Angeles Blowouts, the response to the Vietnam War, the reaction to police violence, and the rise of La Raza Unida Party were central to the success of establishing these academic and university programs. At the same time, the essay underscores how these constituencies, given their divergent interests, were able to shift the institution. The authors use archival documentation and oral histories to demonstrate their points.
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Rajapaksa, Sushama, and Lauren Dundes. "It's a Long Way Home: International Student Adjustment to Living in the United States." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 4, no. 1 (May 2002): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5hcy-u2q9-kvgl-8m3k.
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This study addresses the need for information helpful in retaining international college students studying in the United States. This research compares the adjustment of 182 international students to a comparison sample of American students to determine whether students coming to the United States from abroad have greater difficulty adjusting to college life. International students are more likely to feel lonely, homesick, and as if they had left part of themselves at home. In addition, this study confirms the importance of social network in the adjustment of international students (but not Americans) although the number of close friends does not predict whether an international student is satisfied with his or her social network. The implications for administrators working to retain international students are discussed.
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CALDER, DALE R. "Harry Beal Torrey (1873–1970) of California, USA, and his research on hydroids and other coelenterates." Zootaxa 3599, no. 6 (January 10, 2013): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.4.
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Harry Beal Torrey was born on 22 May 1873 in Boston, Massachusetts. Two years later his family moved to Oakland, California. Torrey earned B.S. and M.S. degrees in zoology from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1895 and 1898 respectively, a Ph.D. in zoology from Columbia University in 1903, and an M.D. from the Medical College of Cornell University in 1927. He began his academic career as a marine biologist, investigating taxonomy, reproduction, morphology, development, regeneration, and behaviour of cnidarians of the west coast of the United States, but his research interests soon shifted to experimental biology and endocrinology. He eventually entered the field of medicine, specializing in public health, and served as a physician and hospital administrator. Torrey held academic positions at the University of California, Berkeley (1895–1912), the Marine Biological Association of San Diego (1903–1912), Reed College (1912–1920), the University of Oregon (1920–1926), and Stanford University (1928–1938). Following retirement from academia, he served as Director of the Children’s Hospital of the East Bay, Oakland, California, from 1938 to 1942. In retirement, he continued an association with the University of California at Berkeley, near his home. Of 84 publications by him listed herein, 31 dealt with coelenterates. This paper focuses on his early research on coelenterate biology, and especially his contributions to taxonomy of hydroids. He was author or coauthor of six genera and 48 species-group taxa of Cnidaria, and he also described one new species each of Ctenophora and Phoronida. Although he abandoned systematic work early in his career, his most widely cited publication is a taxonomic monograph on hydroids of the west coast of North America, published in 1902. He died, at age 97, on 9 September 1970.
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Beene, J. Morris, and Paul F. Zelhart. "Factor Analysis of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 2 (April 1988): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.2.667.
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Kirton (7) reported that the factor structure of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory involved three factors which were labeled, (a) originality, (b) efficiency, and (c) rule-group conformity. The present study is a replication of Kirton's study, using a sample of 249 American college students and 40 university administrators. The items found in each of the three factors replicated Kirton's original analysis in items placed in each factor. This result and the similarity of factor loadings of the original sample (from England) and the present one supports the cross-cultural factor stability of the inventory.
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Smidt, Esther, Cecilia Yin Mei Cheong, Emily Dachroeden, and Timothy Kochem. "The Meaning of Quality in Online/Blended Courses to American and Malaysian Administrators, Faculty, and Students." International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 17, no. 2 (April 2019): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdet.2019040103.
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This article compares two studies, investigating administrator, faculty, and student perceptions of quality in online/blended courses conducted in two different contexts, namely (1) two midsize public universities in the United States, and (2) a college in a public university in Malaysia. The research question explored in both studies was: What is the meaning of “quality” in an online/blended course to administrators, faculty, and students? Survey data from the three constituents in both contexts were obtained. Qualitative data analysis revealed the top 7-8 quality features of each context as ranked by number of references. The results revealed similarities and differences in the rankings of the quality features between constituents and between contexts. Similarities suggested that different constituents had different priorities with regards to quality features while differences appeared to be based on where each institution was on their distance education trajectory. These findings should be considered and reflected on in online course design, teaching strategies, and student support.
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Edgerton, Adam K., Douglas Fuchs, and Lynn S. Fuchs. "New Standards and Old Divides: Policy Attitudes About College- and Career-Readiness Standards for Students with Disabilities." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 122, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146812012200107.
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Background/Context The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004) requires that all students with disabilities (SWD) receive a free, appropriate public education designed to meet their unique needs to prepare them for post-school education and employment (American Psychological Association, 2018). In the past two decades, momentum has grown for a supplementary idea: that schools be held accountable for SWD achieving grade-level standards. Thus standards-based reform for SWD is often caught between ideals of standardization and principles of differentiation. Purpose and Research Questions The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which district administrators, principals, general educators, and special educators differ in their policy perceptions of the newest college- and career-readiness standards (CCRS) for SWD versus other learners. Our research questions were: To what extent do teachers of SWD report delivering similar or different instructional content compared to general education teachers? What types of instructional supports do teachers provide, what types of professional development do teachers receive, and how do these differ by teacher type? How do policy perceptions differ between teachers of SWD and general education teachers? How do district administrators, principals, and teachers differ in their policy perceptions of the CCRS as they relate to SWD? Research Design In three states (Texas, Ohio, and Kentucky), we surveyed a stratified sample of teachers, principals, and district administrators on the implementation of their state's standards and directed them to respond for SWD who participate in the regular accountability system. Conclusions/Recommendations Results indicate an environment where SWD continue to receive less grade-level content and, in Texas and Ohio, are served by personnel who do not believe that the standards are appropriate. Kentucky demonstrated greater consistencies between general education and SWD instruction and policy environments. Findings raise questions about whether CCRS are being implemented for all students.
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Guimaraes, Tor, Maria do Carmo Caccia-Bava, and Melissa Geist. "The Moderating Effect of Organization Culture on Competition Intensity and Hospital Quality." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 15, no. 3 (July 2020): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.2020070103.
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This study empirically tests the relationship between hospital competition intensity and its quality, and the moderating impact of hospital culture on this relationship. An emailed questionnaire collected data from 239 American hospital CEO's to validate the measures and test the hypothesized relationships. The results corroborated the importance of competition intensity as determinant of hospital quality and the positive moderating impact of hospital organization culture as measured here. Future research should expand this model to include other potential determinants of hospital quality such as economic conditions and hospital size. Also, future research should explore other potential moderators and mediators for inclusion in a more elaborate model. While hospitals administrators cannot control the intensity of their competition, and are forced to do everything they can to improve hospital quality (including establishing a helpful organization culture), understanding how to measure these constructs and manage their relationships should be very useful.
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Barney, David. "A Coach’s Example Is Important: Coaching Education Can Play a Part." Journal of Coaching Education 6, no. 1 (May 2013): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jce.6.1.105.
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Coaching is a very visible profession, to the point that a coach’s every move is scrutinized. This was clearly evident in the tragic events that transpired in 2011, involving legendary American football coach Joe Paterno at Penn State University. With this high visibility, coaches need more than ever to set good examples for those they represent. In school or college settings they represent athletes, parents, the student body, administrators, and the community. The purpose of this commentary is to reinforce a coach’s responsibility to set a good example and the responsibility of coaching educators in preparing future coaches to be good examples.
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Stahnisch, Frank W., and Marja Verhoef. "The Flexner Report of 1910 and Its Impact on Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychiatry in North America in the 20th Century." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/647896.
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America experienced a genuinely vast development of biomedical science in the early decades of the twentieth century, which in turn impacted the community of academic psychiatry and changed the way in which clinical and basic research approaches in psychiatry were conceptualized. This development was largely based on the restructuring of research universities in both of the USA and Canada following the influential report of Johns Hopkins-trained science administrator and politician Abraham Flexner (1866–1959). Flexner’s report written in commission for the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in Washington, DC, also had a major influence on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in psychiatry throughout the 20th century. This paper explores the lasting impact of Flexner’s research published on modern medicine and particularly on what he interpreted as the various forms of health care and psychiatric treatment that appeared to compete with the paradigm of biomedicine. We will particularly draw attention to the serious effects of the closing of so many CAM-oriented hospitals, colleges, and medical teaching programs following to the publication of the Flexner Report in 1910.
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Ahmed, Sammir, Renu Pookboonmee, Pisamai Orathai, and Jariya Wittayasooporn. "Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors among Registered Nurses in Medical College Hospitals." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i1.63080.
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Job satisfaction among registered nurses has become a burningmatter in the medicalcare sectors, mainly for the public hospitalsin Bangladesh. Literature is evident that little is known regarding the associated reasons that influence registered nurses’ job satisfaction. Objective: Aim of this study was identified the predictive power of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, servant leadership of head nurses, marital status, educational level, and, years of work experience on job satisfaction among registered nurses at medical college hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods: Cross sectional research design was employed to inspect the job satisfaction and associated factors among registered nurses at medical college hospitals in Bangladesh. Sample size was determined by power analysis using G* Power to recruit 286 registered nurses from 8 divisional medical college hospitals. Data collection was conducted from April 2017 to September 2017, using the English version job satisfaction scale, intrinsic motivation instrument, extrinsic motivation instrument and servant leadership assessment instrument. Multiple classification analysis was used to examine the predictive powers of registered nurses’ marital status, educational level, years of work experience, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and servant leadership of head nurses on the levels of job satisfaction among registered nurses. Results: Findings of the study revealed that extrinsic motivation and servant leadership of head nurses significantly affect registered nurses’ job satisfaction. Registered nurses who are highly extrinsically motivated and their head nurses have higher servant leadership practices tend to be highly satisfied with their job. Conclusion: The results in this study suggest that hospital administrators can promptly enhance extrinsic motivation which includes senior management, supervisor effectiveness, co-worker relationships, and satisfaction with salary and benefits. In addition, administrators should promote servant leadership of head nurses in order to enhance nurses’ job satisfaction in medical college hospitals of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 01 January’23 Page : 205-215
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Lavy, Sarel, D. Kirk Hamilton, Yin Jiang, Amy Kircher, M. K. Dixit, and Jin-Ting Lee. "Hospital Building and Departmental Area Calculation: Comparison of 36 Recent North American Projects." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 12, no. 4 (August 25, 2019): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719834731.
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Background: Hospital trustees, administrators, and their consultants must base important budget decisions upon a projection of the size of proposed construction projects. The anticipated functions and an estimate of the space required are generally provided in a project program or project brief. The programming consultant, often part of the architect’s team, will calculate the physical area (square feet or square meters) required to perform the desired functions based on an understanding of demographics in the service area, services offered, the volumes of service required, and a historical understanding of space required to perform those services. Hospitals and hospital designs in North America have been changing. Plans must now address far higher percentages of outpatient care, accommodate new equipment modalities, and provide space to account for family presence in patient rooms. Aim: A study was undertaken to better understand whether the allocation of space in recently constructed hospital projects is different from the amounts of area devoted to various departments and functions in older projects. Method: In order to assure measurement consistency, a measurement methodology was developed and is reported elsewhere. Thirty-six recently constructed hospitals were measured. Results: The results provide new information about the allocation of space for nondepartmental functions within the overall building gross calculation. Many of the departmental space allocations fell within an expected range. Ultimately, significant detailed information about hospital area calculations is made available to the public because of this study.
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Wakeman, Carolyn. "Beyond Gentility: The Mission of Women Educators at Yenching." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 14, no. 1-2 (2007): 143–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656107793645113.
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AbstractAmerican missionaries in the early years of the twentieth century viewed China’s women as a vast resource for conversion and for leadership.“The only college for women in the northern half of China,”proclaims the brochure North China Union Women’s College in 1919.“The only chance of 200,000,000 people to secure a higher education for their daughters; the only institution to which an ancient but newly awakening people can look for highly trained leadership for its womanhood just now in the throes of confusion because of the passing of the old and the imperfect understanding of the new.” Such inspirational rhetoric, reiterated in pamphlets and circular letters intended to open the minds and purses of donors in the United States, hardly hints at the problems faced, during the May Fourth movement and its aftermath, by two dedicated American administrators who struggled to establish, expand, and maintain higher education for China’s women.
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Min, Pyong Gap. "The movement to promote an ethnic language in American schools: The Korean community in the New York–New Jersey area." Ethnicities 18, no. 6 (February 13, 2018): 799–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796817754126.
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This paper examines a New York Korean immigrants’ movement to promote the Korean language in American schools. This movement includes the efforts of Korean community leaders to include the Korean language in the SAT II tests and to promote it to public schools as a foreign language in the New York–New Jersey area. This movement involves lobbying the College Board, school administrators and school board members, and collecting donations from Korean immigrants and the Korean government to cover expenses for the College Board’s creation of the Korean-language test and public schools’ adoption of the Korean language. Korean-language leaders have depended upon many different organizations and groups, such as Korean parents, Korean churches, Korean-language teachers, the Korean Cultural Center, Samsung, and Korean government agencies for the movement. This paper is significant because no previous study has shown a similar example of an immigrant group’s movement to promote its language in American public schools. It also contributes to transnational studies by documenting the emigrant state’s financial and technical support of its emigrants’ effort to promote the language and culture in a settlement country.
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Mangion, Carmen M. "‘Tolerable Intolerance’: Protestantism, Sectarianism and Voluntary Hospitals in Late-nineteenth-century London." Medical History 62, no. 4 (September 7, 2018): 468–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.43.
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This article interrogates the complicated understanding of sectarianism in institutional cultures in late-nineteenth-century England through an examination of the practice of religion in the daily life of hospital wards in voluntary hospitals. Voluntary hospitals prided themselves on their identity as philanthropic institutions free from sectarian practices. The public accusation of sectarianism against University College Hospital triggered a series of responses that suggests that hospital practices reflected and reinforced an acceptable degree of ‘tolerable intolerance’. The debates this incident prompted help us to interrogate the meaning of sectarianism in late nineteenth-century England. How was sectarianism understood? Why was it so important for voluntary institutions to appear free from sectarian influences? How did the responses to claims of sectarian attitudes influence the actions of the male governors, administrators and medical staff of voluntary hospitals? The contradictory meanings of sectarianism are examined in three interrelated themes: the patient, daily life on the wards and hospital funding. The broader debates that arose from the threat of ‘sectarianism in hospital’ uncovers the extent to which religious practices were ingrained in hospital spaces throughout England and remained so long afterwards. Despite the increasing medicalisation and secularisation of hospital spaces, religious practices and symbols were embedded in the daily life of voluntary hospitals.
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Gelber, Scott. "Expulsion Litigation and the Limits of in Loco Parentis, 1860-1960." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 116, no. 12 (December 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811411601201.
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Background/Context Legal scholars often contrast the litigiousness of contemporary American higher education with a bygone era characterized by near-absolute respect for academic authority. According to this account, a doctrine of “academic deference” insulated colleges until the 1960s, when campus protests and new federal regulations dramatically heightened the intensity of legal oversight. This study tests that conventional wisdom, and its underlying assumption about the origins of student rights, by analyzing expulsion suits during the 100 years before 1960. Purpose Faculty and administrators tend to question if external legal pressure can play a constructive role in debates about higher education. This predisposition tempts us to invoke an earlier era of in loco parentis in order to portray institutional autonomy as a time-honored source of academic achievement. By highlighting overlooked state statutes (especially regarding public institutions) and contractual obligations (especially regarding private institutions), this study examines whether the power to discipline students in loco parentis actually triumphed prior to the 1960s. Research Design The study presents a historical analysis of the 44 college expulsion cases that were reported between 1860 and 1960. Examination of reported decisions was supplemented by archival research regarding landmark cases. Conclusions/Recommendations This study concludes that courts regularly reinstated expelled students during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These cases indicate that the power to act in loco parentis was limited by a countervailing tradition that emphasized college access and compelled institutions to provide due process prior to dismissal. This early strain of decisions laid the groundwork for the more expansive view of student rights that emerged during the 20th century. This finding encourages faculty and administrators to recognize the legal traditions and student dissenters that helped to enshrine accessibility as a defining feature of American higher education.
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Thomas, Susan E., and Anne E. Leonard. "Interdisciplinary librarians: self-reported non-LIS scholarship and creative work." Library Management 35, no. 8/9 (November 10, 2014): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-02-2014-0030.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to interpret and discuss survey results of a study of academic librarians’ scholarship and creative work outside of library and information science in order to reveal some librarians’ motivations to perform such work as well as their perceptions of administrators’ attitudes toward it. Design/methodology/approach – The authors published a link to a qualitative survey instrument on COLLIB-L and ULS-L, the e-mail lists for the college libraries section and the university libraries section of American Library Association, asking that only academic librarians engaged in scholarship and creative work outside of library and information science participate. This paper is an exploratory analysis of the survey results. Findings – Librarians reported that they produce such work for many reasons, including personal satisfaction, dynamic and successful liaison work, and ongoing commitment to scholarship and creative work. Academic librarians who produce non-LIS work do so with varying levels of support, and the recognition of such work is inconsistent among institutions. Originality/value – The authors are the first to query American academic librarians specifically about their scholarship or creative work outside of library and information science. Managers and administrators will glean much about academic librarians’ attitudes toward such work and how it adds value to the library operation and institution. Findings could affect criteria for reappointment, promotion, and tenure.
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Loss, Christopher P. "Institutionalizing in Loco Parentis after Gott v. Berea College (1913)." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 116, no. 12 (December 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811411601203.
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Background/Context The institutionalization of in loco parentis in the wake of Gott v. Berea College (1913) marked a major turning point in the evolution of student management theory and practice. Focusing on the crucial decade of the 1920s, when American higher education first became a mass enterprise, this study explores the interaction of ideas and institutions by retracing the constitutive relationship between in loco parentis and the development of student services and programs targeted to keeping students in school. Purpose/Objective Scholars have tended to think of in loco parentis as primarily a tool of social control used to discipline misbehaving students. This study offers a different interpretation by taking seriously the doctrine's basic terms—namely, administrators’ and faculties’ role as “parents” and students’ role as “children”—and by highlighting the enduring institutional transformations created in the 1920s to help reduce student attrition. Research Design This study offers a historical analysis of the changing meanings and widening jurisdiction of in loco parentis during the 1920s. Conclusions/Recommendations This study finds that changes in the legal definition of in loco parentis following Gott v. Berea College (1913) triggered a revolution in student services that helped lay the foundation for the creation of the modern undergraduate experience and for the education of the whole student.
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Spencer, Michael K., and T. Yee Khong. "Conformity to Guidelines for Pathologic Examination of the Placenta." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-205-ctgfpe.
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Abstract Context.—The College of American Pathologists developed a consensual guideline for placental examination that included indications for the submission of placentas for pathologic examination. The adherence to this guideline is not known. Objectives.—To identify the number of placentas that were and that should have been examined by a tertiary-care hospital according to the College of American Pathologists' practice guideline and to compare the indications listed by medical staff on their pathology request forms with the clinical events recorded on the hospital's databases. Design.—Data from the hospital computer databases and from pathology request forms were collected for all 987 deliveries occurring at a tertiary-level maternity hospital from April through June 2000. Results.—Fewer than 20% of placentas were examined, but about 50% should have been. Maternal fever and suspected neonatal infection were the indications with the lowest examination rates. Neonatal indications were infrequently listed. Conclusions.—This hospital examined approximately one third of the placentas that should have been examined. When the placentas were examined, the medical staff often failed to appropriately list the indications on their pathology request forms.