Relevant bibliographies by topics / American colonies

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'American colonies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "American colonies"

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Longmore, Paul K. "“Good English without Idiom or Tone”: The Colonial Origins of American Speech." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 37, no. 4 (April 2007): 513–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2007.37.4.513.

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The interplay between modes of speech and the demographical, geographical, social, and political history of Britain's North American colonies of settlement influenced the linguistic evolution of colonial English speech. By the early to mid-eighteenth century, regional varieties of English emerged that were not only regionally comprehensible but perceived by many observers as homogeneous in contrast to the deep dialectical differences in Britain. Many commentators also declared that Anglophone colonial speech matched metropolitan standard English. As a result, British colonials in North America possessed a national language well before they became “Americans.” This shared manner of speech inadvertently helped to prepare them for independent American nation-hood.
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Walker, Timothy. "Atlantic Dimensions of the American Revolution: Imperial Priorities and the Portuguese Reaction to the North American Bid for Independence (1775-83)." Journal of Early American History 2, no. 3 (2012): 247–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00203003.

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This article explains and contextualizes the reaction of the Portuguese monarchy and government to the rebellion and independence of the British colonies in North America. This reaction was a mixed one, shaped by the simultaneous but conflicting motivations of an economic interest in North American trade, an abhorrence on the part of the Portuguese Crown for democratic rebellion against monarchical authority and a fundamental requirement to maintain a stable relationship with long-time ally Great Britain. Although the Lisbon regime initially reacted very strongly against the Americans’ insurrection, later, under a new queen, the Portuguese moderated their position so as not to damage their long-term imperial political and economic interests. This article also examines the economic and political power context of the contemporary Atlantic World from the Portuguese perspective, and specifically outlines the multiple ties that existed between Portugal and the North American British colonies during the eighteenth century. The argument demonstrates that Portugal reacted according to demands created by its overseas empire: maximizing trading profits, manipulating the balance of power in Europe among nations with overseas colonies and discouraging the further spread of aspirations toward independence throughout the Americas, most notably to Portuguese-held Brazil. The Portuguese role as a fundamental player in the early modern Atlantic World is chronically underappreciated and understudied in modern English-language historiography. Despite the significance of Portugal as a trading partner to the American colonies, and despite the importance of the Portuguese Atlantic colonial system to British commercial and military interests in the eighteenth century, no scholarly treatment of this specific subject has ever appeared in the primary journals that regularly consider Atlantic World imperial power dynamics or the place of the incipient United States within them. This contribution, then, helps to fill an obvious gap in the historical literature of the long eighteenth century and the revolutionary era in the Americas.
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Henretta, James A., and Alan Taylor. "American Colonies." Journal of American History 89, no. 3 (December 2002): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3092359.

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O'Reilly, William. "Working for the Crown: German Migrants and Britain's Commercial Success in the Early Eighteenth-Century American Colonies." Journal of Modern European History 15, no. 1 (February 2017): 130–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2017-1-130.

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Working for the Crown: German Migrants and Britain's Commercial Success in the Early Eighteenth-century American Colonies Relaxation in the movement of foreigners into Britain and the origins of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act of 1708 (7 Ann c 5) have been seen to lie in the arrival of religious refugees in England and the unsuitability of existing legislation to accommodate large numbers of foreigners. This paper proposes that trade and commercial interests in the American colonies promoted the cause of naturalisation by inciting German migration, causing Parliament to relax access to the domestic labour market and crucially allow German labour to be trafficked to the colonies. Reform was dictated by the needs of commerce and colonial enterprise, not just by politicians, courtiers and bureaucrats in London. The passing of the Naturalization Act (1708) and the subsequent General Naturalization Act (1709) both took advantage of European warfare and economic destruction, and were a direct response to the colonial needs to source continental labour. The Acts owed much to colonial Americans like Carolina Governor John Archdale who, like his co-religionist neighbour William Penn, acted in the interest of commerce and the colonial classes, broadening the base of non-Anglican access to the colonies. Opportunities afforded to German migrants in the American colonies, in particular, grew from this signal legislative change.
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Stanley Weintraub. "The American Colonies." Dissent 56, no. 1 (2009): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dss.0.0029.

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Solomon, Richard. "Sexual Practice and Fantasy in Colonial America and the Early Republic." IU Journal of Undergraduate Research 3, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/iujur.v3i1.23364.

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The sexual practices of European colonists, Native Americans, and African-American slaves of the American colonies and early republic reflected economic and religious disparities, providing specific cultural phenomena in which power relations are established and reaffirmed. These hierarchies not only prescribed the role of sex in quotidian American life; they created lasting traditions in sexual practices that continue to the present day. For this thesis, I rely on contemporary and classic historiography, religious studies, and gender scholarship to make claims about the role of women in colonial society and the treatment and fantasy-construction of marginalized peoples: namely, African-American slaves and Native Americans. Specifically, I will show how colonial women leveraged their scarcity and sexual desirability to secure their gender’s procreative role and social utility in Puritan and Southern colonies. I will show how the formation and subjugation of the Black slave class acquired distinct and lasting sexual fault lines, how political pressures and economic incentives to justify and nurture slavery shaped whites’ sexual attitudes and behavior, and finally how national myths of manifest destiny and the fecundity of the land came dominate whites experience of native American sexuality.
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Wrobel, David M. "Global West, American Frontier." Pacific Historical Review 78, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2009.78.1.1.

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This article questions the common assumption that nineteenth-century audiences in America and around the world viewed the American western frontier as an exceptional place, like no other place on earth. Through examination of travel writings by Americans and Europeans who placed the West into a broader global context of developing regions and conquered colonies, we see that nineteenth-century audiences were commonly presented with a globally contextualized West. The article also seeks to broaden the emphasis in post-colonial scholarship on travel writers as agents of empire who commodified, exoticized, and objectified the colonized peoples and places they visited, by suggesting that travel writers were also often among the most virulent critics of empire and its consequences for the colonized.
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Mancke, Elizabeth. "Early Modern Imperial Governance and the Origins of Canadian Political Culture." Canadian Journal of Political Science 32, no. 1 (March 1999): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900010076.

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AbstractFor the last three decades, scholars of Canadian political culture have favoured ideological explanations for state formation with the starting point being the American Revolution and Loyalist resettlement in British North America. This article challenges both the ideological bias and the late eighteenth-century chronology through a reassessment of early modern developments in the British imperial state. It shows that many of the institutional features associated with the state in British North America and later Canada—strong executives and weak assemblies, Crown control of land and natural resources, parliamentary funding of colonial development and accommodation of non-British subjects—were all institutionalized in the imperial state before the American Revolution and before the arrival of significant numbers of ethnically British settlers to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Quebec. Ideological discourses in the British North American colonies that became Canada, unlike those that became the United States, traditionally acknowledged the presence of a strong state in its imperial and colonial manifestations. Rather than challenging its legitimacy, as had Americans, British North Americans, whether liberals, republicans or tories, debated the function of the state and the distribution of power within it.
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Liszka, Paulina. "MARRIAGE AND THE NOTION OF CONSENT IN EARLY AMERICAN LAW." Review of European and Comparative Law 2627, no. 34 (December 31, 2016): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4977.

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Marriage and family relations have been in the focus of law since the beginnings of American legal history. Many legal historians underline that during the colonial period the family played very important role and therefore the growth ofstable families was generally a top priority for early colonial governments. This was one of the ways to help the development of colony and the creation of stable society. Besides, differences in origin and evolution of colonies influenced the shape of law and that is why many institutions were not uniformly regulated. Therefore the research on the development of law in British colonies in North America deserves special interest.The author’s intention was to answer the question whether the early colonial laws contained the requirement to obtain the consent before marriage, and if so – how it was regulated. In the first part, the article is focused on the analysis of thelegal regulations from colonial British America, dealing with the relation of the notion of consent and marriage. In the second part, there were presented issues like the consent for slave marriages, groundless lack of parental consent and theconsequences of marriage without consent as well as withdrawal of given consent.
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Goheen, Peter G. "Communications and Urban Systems in Mid-Nineteenth Century Canada." Articles 14, no. 3 (August 21, 2013): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018081ar.

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In presenting the results of an analysis of the non-local economic content of the major newspapers published in British North America in 1845 and 1855, this paper offers support for the contention that public communications in the colonies were organized principally so as to secure privileged access to international sources of information, especially from Britain and the United States. The ties linking major colonial cities with international networks were well established by 1845 and preceded the effective organization of communications within the colonies. In 1855, by which time the telegraph was widely available, the importance of American sources of information had increased. By this date there was evidence that at least in Canada West regional communications and markets were becoming better organized. The paper argues that nineteenth-century British American urban communications be approached from the viewpoint of their participation in international rather than exclusively colonial or regional systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "American colonies"

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Mateer, Evan. "Colonial Union : plans to unite the American colonies from 1696 to 1763." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1457.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
History
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Fitzmaurice, Andrew. "Classical rhetoric and the literature of discovery 1570-1630." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307941.

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Flint, Brian M. "LOSING THE COLONIES: HOW DIFFERING INTERPRETATIONS OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION CAUSED THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/483.

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Faced with an economic crisis following the French and Indian War, the British Parliament, along with a young and inexperienced King George III changed its longstanding policy towards the North American colonies. Prior to 1763, Parliament allowed the colonies to generally govern themselves. After 1763, Parliament began to pass legislation aimed at increasing revenue received from the colonies. As the colonies protested these new taxes on constitutional grounds Parliament began a process of implementing and repealing different attempts at controlling the economic system in the colonies. Due to differing interpretations of the British Constitution regarding Parliament's authority over the colonies, resistance to the change in policy by Parliament escalated in the 1760s and 1770s. It is this difference in interpretation that eventually led the colonists to open rebellion in 1775.
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Aldrich, Jennifer L. "Artist colonies in Europe, the United States, and Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002668.

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Overstake, Jillian Amber. "A most earnest plea: pregnant women facing capital punishment in the American colonies." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5417.

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This research examines three case studies involving four pregnant women facing capital punishment in seventeenth and eighteenth century colonial America. A relevant biography, background, and criminal history are given for each woman as well as a thorough overview of related legal proceedings. This work implements trial transcripts, letters, journals, and newspaper articles to fully portray each woman’s story as precisely as possible, as well as modern sources to help interpret laws and procedures. This work also includes an overview of the legal process a woman must go through if facing capital punishment when pregnant. The purpose of this work is to tell the women’s stories and explain why the courts made the decisions they did in each case. In order to understand the courts’ decisions, the role of women in crime is examined. By allowing the women to “plead their bellies,” the courts acknowledged motherhood as significant enough in women’s societal roles to override a death sentence. Although crime itself was seen as masculine, pregnancy allowed criminals to assume a feminine role once more. The aftermath of a plea when granted or denied is also examined, as each individual case differs.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History
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Kelly, Saul Mark Barrett. "Great Britain, the United States and the question of the Italian colonies, 1940-1952." Thesis, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283688.

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Smith, Carolyn F. "The Origin of African American Christianity in the English North American Colonies to the Rise of the Black Independent Church." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250628526.

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Dauphinee, Andrew. "LORD CHARLES CORNWALLIS AND THE LOYALISTS: A STUDY IN BRITISH PACIFICATION DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1775-1781." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/143462.

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History
M.A.
Many historians of the American Revolution fail to accurately assess the impact British supporters in the Thirteen Colonies had on the military dimension of the war. The Crown's American allies, commonly referred to as Loyalists, were instrumental in British operations throughout the conflict, especially in the southern colonies. Reports from the royal governors of the southern colonies numbered the Loyalists in the thousands. British officials in London developed a plan to Americanize the war by utilizing Loyalists more comprehensively, lessening the burden for more British troops. The first steps toward Americanizing the war occurred when General Sir Henry Clinton and Lieutenant General Charles, Second Earl, Cornwallis incorporated southern Loyalists with their British troops to reconquer the southern colonies in 1780. After the British conquest of Charleston, South Carolina in June 1780, Lieutenant General Cornwallis was awarded the independent command of the British forces in the South and was additionally charged with rallying and protecting the Loyalists in North and South Carolina. Cornwallis consistently tried to organize the Loyalists into militia corps to combat Rebel partisans operating in the Carolina backcountry, The constant failure of the Loyalist militia persuaded Cornwallis of their inability to sustain themselves. As a result, Cornwallis abandoned the southern colonies, as well as the Crown's loyal subjects, in favor of offensive operations in Virginia. His aim was to prevent the Rebel southern army from receiving supplies and recruits. Many slaves joined Cornwallis' army in Virginia and persuaded him to utilize them to replace the services provided by southern white Loyalists. These failed decisions contributed to Cornwallis' humiliating defeat at Yorktown in October 1781, effectively ending the military dimension of the American Revolution.
Temple University--Theses
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Hully, Thomas R. "The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23522.

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Despite considerable research on the British North American colonies and their political relationship with Britain before 1776, little is known about the administration of Nova Scotia from the perspective of Lord Halifax’s Board of Trade in London. The image that emerges from the literature is that Nova Scotia was of marginal importance to British officials, who neglected its administration. This study reintegrates Nova Scotia into the British Imperial historiography through the study of the “official mind,” to challenge this theory of neglect on three fronts: 1) civil government in Nova Scotia became an important issue during the War of the Austrian Succession; 2) The form of civil government created there after 1749 was an experiment in centralized colonial administration; 3) This experimental model of government was highly effective. This study adds nuance to our understanding of British attempts to centralize control over their overseas colonies before the American Revolution.
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Renaud, Tabitha. "Finding Worth in the Wilderness: The Abandonment of France and England's Earliest North American Colonies, 1534--1590." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28810.

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The earliest attempts of France and England to colonize North America were disappointments. The sixteenth century saw French attempts to colonize the St. Lawrence Valley (1541-3) and Northern Florida (1562-5) and English attempts to colonize Roanoke Island (1585-7). In all three cases, the venture's hopes of finding valuable resources or the Northwest Passage were not realized and colonization was not achieved. This dissertation will examine four major types of difficulties the French and English faced in Canada, Virginia and Florida in the sixteenth century. They are challenges of environment and adaptation; internal conflicts such as rivalry and mutiny; challenges of Amerindian relations and, finally, challenges of transportation and communication. The struggles of these abandoned colonies will be compared with those of permanent colonies such as Jamestown, Quebec, Port Royal, Hispaniola and New Spain. Particular emphasis will be placed on the early struggles of Samuel de Champlain in Canada and John Smith in Virginia. It will be demonstrated that these were standard challenges of colonization for successful and unsuccessful colonies alike and that they could be overcome eventually with enough effort, experimentation, men and materials. France and England did not stop their earliest North American colonization projects because the task was too difficult. Rather, there appeared to be no worthwhile reason to waste resources or to battle rival powers such as Spain to hold these territories at this time.
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Books on the topic "American colonies"

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Alan, Taylor. American colonies. Edited by Foner Eric. New York: Viking, 2001.

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American colonies. New York: Viking, 2001.

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First American colonies. New York: Scholastic, 2004.

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DuPrau, Jeanne. The American colonies. San Diego, Calif: Kidhaven Press, 2002.

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Reische, Diana L. Founding the American colonies. New York: F. Watts, 1989.

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Reische, Diana. Founding the American colonies. New York: Franklin Watts, 1989.

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Rajczak, Kristen. Life in the American colonies. New York: Gareth Stevens, 2013.

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Dean, Ruth. Life in the American colonies. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1999.

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Rajczak, Kristen. Life in the American colonies. New York: Gareth Stevens, 2013.

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Dean, Ruth. Life in the American colonies. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "American colonies"

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Martinich, Matthew L. "Mormon Mexican Colonies." In Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions, 980–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27078-4_468.

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Martinich, Matthew L. "Mormon Mexican Colonies." In Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08956-0_468-1.

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Bowen, Brian. "The American Colonies, 18th Century." In The American Construction Industry, 79–89. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003130000-8.

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Bowen, Brian. "The American Colonies, 17th Century." In The American Construction Industry, 62–67. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003130000-6.

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Kuklick, Bruce. "North American colonies, 1632–1732." In A Political History of the USA, 30–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01405-4_3.

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Anderson, Kristen L. "Migration to the British colonies." In Immigration in American History, 3–18. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367815448-2.

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Allison, William Thomas, Jeffrey G. Grey, and Janet G. Valentine. "The Colonies and Wars for Empire." In American Military History, 21–48. Third edition. | New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003001232-2.

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Little, Ann M. "Building Colonies, Defining Families." In A Companion to American Women's History, 49–65. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998595.ch4.

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Grubb, Farley. "Money Supply in the American Colonies." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2657-1.

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Grubb, Farley. "Money Supply in the American Colonies." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 9064–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2657.

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Conference papers on the topic "American colonies"

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Pérez Gallego, Francisco, and Rosa María Giusto. "La influencia de Pedro Luis Escrivá en el sistema defensivo colonial de América." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11340.

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The influence of Pedro Luis Escrivá in the American colonial defense systemThe architect and military engineer Pedro Luis Escrivá (1490 ca. - sixteenth century), at the service of Charles V of Habsburg and the Viceroyal Court of Naples, built two bastioned fortifications designed to considerably influence the subject of territorial defense structures: The quadrangular Spanish Fort of L'Aquila (1534-1567) and the reconstruction of the Sant’Elmo Castle in Naples (1537), with an elongated six-pointed stellar plan, served as a reference point for the European and American fortifications of the period. Due to its size and versatility, the model adopted in L’Aquila was widely used in the Latin American context between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is found in countries that were Hispanic colonies such as Cuba, Mexico, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay; as well as in the Hispanic domains of the United States and in some of the dependent territories of the Portuguese crown, in Brazil. Based on a historical-architectural and contextual analysis of these structures, the effects of the “cultural transfer” between Europe and America will be investigated with respect to the model devised by Escrivá to promote its cultural valorization.
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Креленко, Н. С. "REVOLUTION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF H. WALPOLE." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.45.40.012.

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Статья посвящена анализу восприятия Х. Уолполом конфликта между Великобританией и североамериканскими колониями. Х. Уолпол был близким к придворным кругам членом парла-мента, видным интеллектуалом. Его отношение к происходившим событиям отражены в письмах, которые он писал своим единомышленникам и знакомым. Содержание писем позволяет просле-дить, как менялись взгляды и настроения их автора, как корректировалась вигская система ценно-стей по мере изменения политической ситуации. The article is devoted to the analysis of H. Walpole's perception of the conflict between Great Britain and the North American colonies. H. Walpole was a member of parliament close to court circles and a prominent intellectual. His attitude to the events that took place are reflected in the letters that he wrote to his associates and acquaintances. The content of the letters allows us to trace how the views and moods of their author were changing, how the Whig system of values was corrected as the political situation changed.
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Clark, Kenneth, Elisa Del Bono, and Antonio Luna Garcia. "The Geography of Power in South America: Divergent Patterns of Domination in Spanish and Porteguese Colonies." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.21.

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The authors of this paper explore the geography of power in South America as expressed by Spain and Portugal in their different patterns of development in colonial America. The paper outlines the political position of each country during the Age of Discovery, the political attitudes of each and the resultant urban morphologies and spatial organizations developed by each colonial power. A close examination of two South American colonial cities one Spanish, one Portuguese-reveals that the Spanish urban pattern promoted a hierarchy of interconnected cities of gridded layout, with key state and religious functions strategically located in relationship to the plaza. Portugal, in contrast, created a series of isolated commercial-military towns, of informal morphology with key state and religious functions distributed according to topography. Two case studies of Spanish and Portuguese colonial cities clearly illustrate the divergent policies and patterns of spatial control of these two important colonizing powers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
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Bhada, Perinaz, and Nickolas J. Themelis. "Potential for the First WTE Facility in Mumbai (Bombay) India." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1930.

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The city of Mumbai (Bombay), India is facing a solid waste management crisis. The infrastructure has been unable to keep pace with economic development and population growth, resulting in insufficient collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) and over-burdened dumps. Improper disposal of solid wastes over several decades and open burning of garbage have led to serious environmental pollution and health problems. This study examined the solid waste management process in Mumbai and the potential for implementation of waste-to-energy facilities. Mumbai’s average per capita waste generation rate is 0.18 tonnes per person. Although the reported collection efficiency of MSW is 90%, almost half of the city’s 12 million people live in slums, some of which do not have access to solid waste services. The most pressing problem is the acute shortage of space for landfilling. When the present waste dumps were constructed they were at the outskirts of the city, but now they are surrounded by housing colonies, thus exposing millions of people to daily inconveniences such as odors, traffic congestion, and to more serious problems associated with air, land, and water pollution and the spread of diseases from rodents and mosquitoes. Mumbai is the financial center of India and has the highest potential for energy generation from the controlled combustion of solid wastes. The lower heating value of MSW is estimated in this study to be 9 MJ/kg, which is slightly lower than the average MSW combusted in the E.U. (10 MJ/kg). The land for the first WTE in Mumbai would be provided by the City and there is a market for the electricity generated by the WTE facility. The main problem to overcome is the source of capital since the present “tipping fees” are very low and inadequate to make the operation profitable and thus attract private investors. Therefore, the only hope is for the local government and one or more philanthropists in Mumbai to team up in financing the first WTE in India as a beacon that improves living conditions in Mumbai, reduces the City’s dependence on the import of fossil fuels, and lights the way for other cities in India to follow.
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Freire, José L. F., Ronaldo D. Vieira, Pablo M. Fontes, Adilson C. Benjamin, Luis S. Murillo C., and Antonio C. Miranda. "The Critical Path Method for Assessment of Pipelines With Metal Loss Defects." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90320.

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The Critical Path (CP) Method (CPM proposes a set of rules allowing the drawing of failure lines that represent adjacent areas positioned along selected circumferential and longitudinal directions of pipelines that contain colonies of corrosion defects. Failure pressures are calculated for each of those lines to determine the most critical one. This selected line is considered as the most probable path of rupture, and it corresponds to the minimum calculated internal pressure to take the pipeline to fracture. The proposed method was checked against twelve burst pressure tests performed on pipeline tubular specimens. Three specimens were labeled as control specimens — one was a pipe without defect and the other two had single small base defects of different depths. Nine of the specimens contained interacting corrosion defects, which were composed of the combinations of two or more base defects. Comparisons were made of the measured burst pressures with those predicted by the CPM, by one recently proposed method called MTI, version 1, or MTI V1, and by four other Level-1 or Level-2 assessment methods, namely the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31G method, the Det Norske Veritas (DNV) RP-F101 for single and for complex and interacting defects, and the RSTRENG Effective Area method. The CPM and MTI V1 methods predicted the failure pressures closest to the actual test failure pressures, with the CPM presenting suitable small mean error of evaluation as well as very low standard deviation error for its predictions.
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Redmann, Christopher P. "Incorporating animation technologies into tools for colonial American education." In ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 educators programme. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1507713.1507735.

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Campos, João. "The superb Brazilian Fortresses of Macapá and Príncipe da Beira." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11520.

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During the eighteenth century Portugal developed a large military construction process in the Ultramarine possessions, in order to compete with the new born colonial trading empires, mainly Great Britain, Netherlands and France. The Portuguese colonial seashores of the Atlantic Ocean (since the middle of the sixteenth century) and of the Indian Ocean (from the end of the first quarter of the seventeenth century) were repeatedly coveted, and the huge Portuguese colony of Brazil was also harassed in the south during the eighteenth century –here due to problems in a diplomatic and military dispute with Spain, related with the global frontiers’ design of the Iberian colonies. The Treaty of Madrid (1750) had specifically abrogated the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) between Portugal and Spain, and the limits of Brazil began to be defined on the field. Macapá is situated in the western branch of Amazonas delta, in the singular cross-point of the Equator with Tordesillas Meridian, and the construction of a big fortress began in the year of 1764 under direction of Enrico Antonio Galluzzi, an Italian engineer contracted by Portuguese administration to the Commission of Delimitation, which arrived in Brazil in 1753. In consequence of the political panorama in Europe after the Seven Years War (1756-1763), a new agreement between Portugal and Spain was negotiated (after the regional conflict in South America), achieved to the Treaty of San Idefonso (1777), which warranted the integration of the Amazonas basin. It was strategic the decision to build, one year before, the huge fortress of Príncipe da Beira, arduously realized in the most interior of the sub-continent, 2000 km from the sea throughout the only possible connection by rivers navigation. Domingos Sambucetti, another Italian engineer, was the designer and conductor of the jobs held on the right bank of Guaporé River, future frontier’s line with Bolivia. São José de Macapá and Príncipe da Beira are two big fortresses Vauban’ style, built under very similar projects by two Italian engineers (each one dead with malaria in the course of building), with the observance of the most exigent rules of the treaties of military architecture.
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Ferdowsi, Aidin, Anibal Sanjab, Walid Saad, and Tamer Basar. "Generalized Colonel Blotto Game." In 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2018.8431701.

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Макаров, Е. П. "PROBLEMS OF RELATIONSHIP OF LOCAL ELITES AND COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION OF VIRGINIA ON THE EVE OF THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.21.32.011.

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В работе анализируются особенности политической и экономической обстановки, сложив-шейся в Виргинии к началу 1760-х гг. Отдельного внимания заслуживает проблема формирования самосознания торгово-финансовой элиты Виргинии, заметного на фоне международных полити-ческих процессов данного периода. Обратившись к вопросу неоднородности виргинской колони-альной элиты, а также выделив участников колониального политического процесса, можно про-следить становление и эволюцию виргинской аристократии в период обострения противоречий между колониальным обществом и властью метрополии. The paper analyzes the features of the political and economic situation that had developed in Virginia by the beginning of the 1760s. Special attention should be paid to the problem of the formation of self-awareness of the commercial and financial elite of Virginia, noticeable against the background of the international political processes of this period. Turning to the issue of the heterogeneity of the Virginian colonial elite, as well as highlighting the participants in the colonial political process, one can trace the process of the formation and evolution of the Virginian aristocracy during the period of aggravation of the contradictions between colonial society and the power of the metropolis.
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Pan, Wen. "Brave Eves: an Evaluation of American Womenrs Marital Life in the Colonial Period." In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-18.2018.311.

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Reports on the topic "American colonies"

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Grubb, Farley. Is Paper Money Just Paper Money? Experimentation and Variation in the Paper Monies Issued by the American Colonies from 1690 to 1775. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17997.

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Lindert, Peter, and Jeffrey Williamson. American Colonial Incomes, 1650-1774. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19861.

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Grubb, Farley. Colonial American Paper Money and the Quantity Theory of Money: An Extension. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22192.

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Williamson, Jeffrey. Latin American Inequality: Colonial Origins, Commodity Booms, or a Missed 20th Century Leveling? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20915.

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Hefetz, Abraham, and Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.

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The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and identify a bee attractant which when sprayed on M-S tomato flowers will enhance bee visitation, and to provide a procedure of the pheromone application regime. During the research we realized that our knowledge of B. impatiens is too little and we narrowed the objective to learning the basic social behavior of the bees and the pattern of foraging in a flight chamber and how it is affected by biogenic amines. Colonies of B. impatiens are characterized by a high number of workers and a relatively small number of queens. Size differences between queens and workers are pronounced and the queen seems to have full control over egg laying. Only about 9% of the workers in mature colonies had mature oocytes, and there were no signs of a "competition phase" as we know in B. terrestris. Queens and workers differ in their exocrine bouquet. Queen's Dufour's gland possesses a series of linear, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons whereas that of workers contains in addition a series of wax-type esters. Bees were trained to either visit or avoid artificially scented electronic flowers in a flight chamber. Since bee also learned to avoid scented non-rewarding flowers we attempted to interfere with this learning. We tested the effect of octopamine, a biogenic amine affecting bee behavior, on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. In B. terrestris we studied the foraging pattern of the bees on tomato flowers in a semi commercial greenhouse in Yad Mordechai. Bee learned very quickly to avoid the non- rewarding M-S flowers, irrespective of their arrangement in the plot, i.e., their mixing with normal, pollen bearing flowers. However, bees seem to "forget" this information during the night since the foraging pattern repeats itself the next morning. Several exocrine products were tested as visitation enhancers. Among these, tarsal gland extracts are the most attractive. The compounds identified in the tarsal gland extract are mostly linear saturated hydrocarbons with small amounts of unsaturated ones. Application was performed every second day on leaves in selected inflorescences. Bee visitation increased significantly in the treated inflorescences as compared to the control, solvent treated. Treatment of the anthers cone was more effective than on the flower petals or the surrounding leaves. Methanol proved to be a non-flower-destructive solvent. We have shown that bumble bees (B. terrestris) can be manipulated by bee-borne attractants to visit non-rewarding flowers. We have further demonstrated that the bees learning ability can be manipulated by applying exogenously octopamine. Both methods can be additively applied in enhancing pollination of desired crops. Such manipulation will be especially useful in tomato cultivation for hybrid seed production.
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McCallum, Bennett. Money and Prices in Colonial America: A New Test of Competing Theories. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3383.

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Graubart, Karen. Imperial Conviviality: What Medieval Spanish Legal Practice Can Teach Us about Colonial Latin America. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/graubart.2018.08.

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Grubb, Farley. Chronic Specie Scarcity and Efficient Barter: The Problem of Maintaining an Outside Money Supply in British Colonial America. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18099.

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Chriscoe, Mackenzie, Rowan Lockwood, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colonial National Historical Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2291851.

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Colonial National Historical Park (COLO) in eastern Virginia was established for its historical significance, but significant paleontological resources are also found within its boundaries. The bluffs around Yorktown are composed of sedimentary rocks and deposits of the Yorktown Formation, a marine unit deposited approximately 4.9 to 2.8 million years ago. When the Yorktown Formation was being deposited, the shallow seas were populated by many species of invertebrates, vertebrates, and micro-organisms which have left body fossils and trace fossils behind. Corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, worms, crabs, ostracodes, echinoids, sharks, bony fishes, whales, and others were abundant. People have long known about the fossils of the Yorktown area. Beginning in the British colonial era, fossiliferous deposits were used to make lime and construct roads, while more consolidated intervals furnished building stone. Large shells were used as plates and dippers. Collection of specimens for study began in the late 17th century, before they were even recognized as fossils. The oldest image of a fossil from North America is of a typical Yorktown Formation shell now known as Chesapecten jeffersonius, probably collected from the Yorktown area and very likely from within what is now COLO. Fossil shells were observed by participants of the 1781 siege of Yorktown, and the landmark known as “Cornwallis Cave” is carved into rock made of shell fragments. Scientific description of Yorktown Formation fossils began in the early 19th century. At least 25 fossil species have been named from specimens known to have been discovered within COLO boundaries, and at least another 96 have been named from specimens potentially discovered within COLO, but with insufficient locality information to be certain. At least a dozen external repositories and probably many more have fossils collected from lands now within COLO, but again limited locality information makes it difficult to be sure. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for Colonial National Historical Park (COLO). Although COLO fossils have been studied as part of the Northeast Coastal Barrier Network (NCBN; Tweet et al. 2014) and, to a lesser extent, as part of a thematic inventory of caves (Santucci et al. 2001), the park had not received a comprehensive paleontological inventory before this report. This inventory allows for a deeper understanding of the park’s paleontological resources and compiles information from historical papers as well as recently completed field work. In summer 2020, researchers went into the field and collected eight bulk samples from three different localities within COLO. These samples will be added to COLO’s museum collections, making their overall collection more robust. In the future, these samples may be used for educational purposes, both for the general public and for employees of the park.
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Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Encarnación. Entangled Migrations The Coloniality of Migration and Creolizing Conviviality. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/rodriguez.2021.35.

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This Working Paper discusses entangled migrations as territorially and temporally entangled onto-epistemological phenomena. As a theoretical-analytical framework, it addresses the material, epistemological and ethical premises of spatial-temporal entanglements and relationality in the understanding of migration as a modern colonial phenomenon. Entangled migrations acknowledges that local migratory movements mirror global migrations in complex ways, engaging with the analysis of historical connections, territorial entrenchments, cultural confluences, and overlapping antagonistic relations across nations and continents. Drawing on European immigration to the American continent and specifically to Brazil in the 19th century, this argument is tentatively developed by discussing two opposite moments of entangled migrations, the coloniality of migration and creolizing conviviality. To do this, the paper engages first with the theoretical framework of spatial-temporal entanglements. Second, it approaches the coloniality of migration. Finally, it briefly discusses creolizing conviviality.
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