Academic literature on the topic 'American Football Conference'
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Journal articles on the topic "American Football Conference"
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Khimenes, Kh, Yu Briskin, M. Pityn, I. Hluhov, and K. Drobot. "Monopoly and Rivalry in American Football in History and Nowadays." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 5 (2020): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.364.
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Professional sports leagues today are trying to increase their income and looking for new sources for this. In the United States, most leagues in one sport are monopoly structures. Considering the National Football League in this context, it is worth noting its rather strict policy towards possible competitors at the football market. At the same time, throughout the history of American football, there have been attempts to organize competing structures that have been more or less successful. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the formation American football organizations in North America at different times, the factors of successes and failures. Material and methods. The main material on which the study was based was data from the Internet, official websites of American football organizations and official ratings of Forbes magazine. To achieve the stated purpose, we used the following research methods: data analysis and generalization; theoretical interpretation and explanation; analysis of documentary materials. Results and discussion. The study results showed that during the formation and development of American football in the United States, except for the National Football League, six other organizations tried to create competition for it at one time or another. Among them were All-American Football Conference, American Football League, World Football League, United State Football League, Xtreme Football League, and Alliance of American Football. All these organizations generally sought to be better than National Football League through more progressive steps towards the development of football, but the conservatism of the National Football League always allowed it to remain the winner. Most of the newly formed leagues could not withstand the uncompromising financial struggle for high-class athletes, but the XFL and AAF, which was created in the 21st century, were defeated by precautionary measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and the game seasons were canceled. Conclusion. The key factors formation of organizations that sought to develop American football in the United States (except the National Football League) were: the growing popularity of this sport; a large number of athletes, who aspired to develop in this sport, but could not do it in National Football League; the emergence of enthusiasts with significant financial resources, who sought to invest in football projects and at the same time increase their own resources; technological progress, in particular in football. However, none of these organizations stayed long in the football business and lost to the National Football League. The reasons for this were: improper distribution of financial resources in the middle of the leagues; unjustified steps in the desire to be more progressive than the National Football League; the dominant authority of the National Football League; external factors (wars, epidemics / pandemics, global economic and political crises, etc.)
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Vasquez, Joseph Paul. "America and the Garrison Stadium." Armed Forces & Society 38, no. 3 (2011): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x11426255.
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American military institutions importantly shaped the popular sport of college football. From support at its two oldest service academies, interest in football spread through military units across the country with military actors involved in the formation of the country’s first collegiate athletic conference and the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Subsequently, the US military functioned as an agent of authoritative diffusion, fostering interest in college football after the First World War. Furthermore, military institutions, including the draft, affected not only which team would be most successful during the Second World War but also how civilians would play the game. These effects call to mind Charles Tilly’s work on state formation and security-driven resource extraction as well as Harold Lasswell’s garrison state idea.
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Clark, Joseph, Enna Selmanovic, Tyler Drewry, et al. "Observational Study of Prevention and Intervention Strategies That Help Speed Return to Play Post-Concussion in Division I College Football." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (2019): S9.2—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000580916.40209.58.
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ObjectiveWe present evidence that a neurovisual oriented training program is associated with decreased concussion incidence and faster return to play (RTP) post injury in this observational cohort study.BackgroundSports concussion has been in the public eye and has been associated with heightened fear concerning playing football and other collision based sports. Protecting from concussion and rehabilitating the brain after a concussion is a high priority for many sports medical practitioners as well as for athletes wanting to play. For these reasons researchers associated with the American Athletic Conference (AAC) have been monitoring concussion incidence in football.Design/MethodsThe 12 schools of the AAC were surveyed for 2014, 2015, and 2016 concerning football induced concussions.ResultsThe average seasonal concussion rate was 10.4 ± 1.02 concussions per year and average RTP time was 13.2 ± 1.21 days. In the one team where there was an aggressive neuro visual conditioning and rehabilitation post-concussion program employed the concussion rate was 3.0 ± 1.0 concussions per year and the RTP time was 6.5 ± 0.5 days. Both numbers are significantly lower than in the other AAC teams.ConclusionsThe current paper reports that there may be mitigation strategies that can be employed to decrease concussion incidence as well as aid in faster RTP times. Such attempts to make football safer are needed as brain injury has been associated with long term consequences. Improving safety and brain health through mitigation strategies along with rehabilitation methods may aid in keeping athletes safer during play and throughout the lifespan.
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MCCLUSKEY, JOHN MICHAEL. "“This Is Ghetto Row”: Musical Segregation in American College Football." Journal of the Society for American Music 14, no. 3 (2020): 337–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175219632000022x.
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AbstractA historical overview of college football's participants exemplifies the diversification of mainstream American culture from the late nineteenth century to the twenty-first. The same cannot be said for the sport's audience, which remains largely white American. Gerald Gems maintains that football culture reinforces the construction of American identity as “an aggressive, commercial, white, Protestant, male society.” Ken McLeod echoes this perspective in his description of college football's musical soundscape, “white-dominated hard rock, heavy metal, and country music—in addition to marching bands.” This article examines musical segregation in college football, drawing from case studies and interviews conducted in 2013 with university music coordinators from the five largest collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. These case studies reveal several trends in which music is used as a tool to manipulate and divide college football fans and players along racial lines, including special sections for music associated with blackness, musical selections targeted at recruits, and the continued position of the marching band—a European military ensemble—as the musical representative of the sport. These areas reinforce college football culture as a bastion of white strength despite the diversity among player demographics.
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Lipkin, Joan. "Rabble-Rousing in St Louis with That Uppity Theatre." New Theatre Quarterly 9, no. 36 (1993): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00008265.
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Joan Lipkin, playwright, poet, and theatre director, has won considerable critical acclaim – and some calculated abuse – for the political work of her company, That Uppity Theatre, in St Louis, Missouri. Her role-reversing pro-choice musical, He's Having Her Baby, provided the focal point for the preceding article, and one of her earliest pieces, Half-Time, about football in American life, performed in front of a bank vault, launched the city's alternative space movement. Her other better-known pieces include Some of My Best Friends Are …, Love and Work and Other Four-Letter Words, Will the Real Foster Parents Please Stand Up? and Small Domestic Acts. To support her theatre work over the years, Lipkin has worked in roles as various as waitress, art critic, journalist, and television producer: initially trained as a historian, she has also taught at university level for ten years. She is, in her own words, ‘always a rabble-rouser, that's been in the family history for a while’. Lizbeth Goodman interviewed Lipkin in Canada, during the ‘Breaking the Surface’ festival and conference at the University of Calgary in November 1991.
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O’Reilly, Olivia C., Molly Ann Day, William Thomas Cates, Jacqueline Baron, and Robert W. Westermann. "The Gender Divide: Are Female Team Physicians Adequately Represented in Professional and Collegiate Athletics?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (2019): 2325967119S0040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00402.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographics of female representation among team physicians in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and professional sports organizations. We hypothesized that female team physicians are underrepresented at the collegiate and professional level despite controlling for the percentage of women in orthopaedics overall. Methods: Team physicians responsible for providing medical care to athletes in the “Power Five” conferences (Southeastern Conference [SEC], Atlantic Coast Conference [ACC], BIG-10, BIG-12, PAC-12) and select professional organizations [Major League Baseball(MLB), National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA)] were surveyed using the most current publicly available online information for both collegiate and professional organizations (range, 2012-2018). Demographic data was used to sort physicians by gender. Team physicians were further stratified into orthopaedic and primary care sports medicine (PCSM) categories. The proportion of females in each field was analyzed using univariate analysis, with statistical significance defined as p<0.05. Results: Analysis found that 100% of the teams in the NFL, NBA, and MLB as well as 82% of teams in the WNBA had male team physician representation, including either a male orthopaedic surgeon or male PCSM provider. Females (orthopaedic and PCSM) were represented among 13.3% of NBA teams, 55% of WNBA teams, 13.3% of MLB teams, and 6.3% of NFL teams. Specifically, female orthopaedic surgeons were represented in 3.33% of NBA, 45.45% of WNBA, 10% of MLB, and 3.13% of NFL teams. In the ”Power Five” conferences, female orthopaedic surgeons were represented in 7.14% of teams in the SEC, 8.33% in the ACC, 30.77% in the BIG-10, 0% in the BIG-12, and 50% in the PAC-12. The total number of male orthopaedic surgeons was significantly higher in the “Power Five” collegiate conferences, with team orthopaedic surgeons 1,483 times more likely to identify as male compared to female (p<0.001). The representation of female orthopaedic surgeons in the PAC 12 (p=0.004) and BIG 10 (p=0.005) was significantly higher as compared to female representation among physician members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS).The proportion of female orthopaedic surgeons in the AAOS was 5.4% (1568/28988) versus 94.6% male physicians (27420/28988) (AAOS 2016 Consensus Report). Conclusion: There is a paucity of data describing representation of female team physicians among major athletic organizations. This analysis found that male orthopaedic surgeons represent a significantly higher proportion of team or orthopaedic physicians in several Division I collegiate conferences and professional sports compared to female physicians. Interestingly, the overall representation of female orthopaedic surgeons in the PAC12 and BIG 10 conferences was higher than their representation in the AAOS. However, female representation among team physicians has not kept pace with increasing numbers of female participation in collegiate and professional athletics. Overall, female team physicians are underrepresented in sports medicine in the United States at both the collegiate and professional levels. Further exploration of educational pathways and hiring processes for team physicians may be warranted. [Table: see text]
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Murray, Iain R., Navnit S. Makaram, Scott A. Rodeo, et al. "Biologics in professional and Olympic sport: a scoping review." Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, no. 7 (2021): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b7.bjj-2020-2282.r1.
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Aims The aim of this study was to prepare a scoping review to investigate the use of biologic therapies in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in professional and Olympic athletes. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews and Arksey and O’Malley frameworks were followed. A three-step search strategy identified relevant published primary and secondary studies, as well as grey literature. The identified studies were screened with criteria for inclusion comprising clinical studies evaluating the use of biologic therapies in professional and Olympic athletes, systematic reviews, consensus statements, and conference proceedings. Data were extracted using a standardized tool to form a descriptive analysis and a thematic summary. Results A total of 202 studies were initially identified, and 35 met criteria for the scoping review; 33 (94.3%) were published within the last eight years, and 18 (51.4%) originated from the USA. Platelet rich plasma was the most studied biologic therapy, being evaluated in 33 (94.3%) studies. Ulnar collateral ligament and hamstring injuries were the conditions most studied (nine (25.7%) studies and seven (20.0%) studies, respectively). Athletes most frequently participated in baseball, soccer, and American football. Only two (5.7%) studies were level 1 evidence, with interpretation and comparison between studies limited by the variations in the injury profile, biologic preparations, and rehabilitation protocols. Conclusion There is diverse use of biologic therapies in the management of musculoskeletal injuries in professional and Olympic athletes. There is currently insufficient high-level evidence to support the widespread use of biologic therapies in athletes. Further research priorities include the development of condition/pathology-specific preparations of biologic therapies, and of outcome measures and imaging modalities sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in outcomes, should they exist. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1189–1196.
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Davis, Catasha R., Michael C. Thornton, and Sean Moxley-Kelly. "A Contested Cultural Space." Communication & Sport 6, no. 4 (2017): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479517716570.
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Over the past several years, color-blind rhetoric has permeated public discourse around the subject of race in U.S. society. In this color-blind world, race is either a thing of the past or something we can choose to ignore. One location of such rhetoric is in sports. This mixed-methods study offers a rare examination of color-blind rhetoric among 365 college students at a Division I school that is a part of one of the power conferences. We administered a 20-question multiple-choice and open-ended survey accessing students’ views about race in college football and its athletes. Our open-coded responses were consistent with Bonilla-Silva’s color-blind racism frames. The frames students use are consistent with previous work that suggests that they envision a world in which overt attention to race is secondary to traditional aspects of American life, such as work ethic, meritocracy, individualism, and cultural differences. This color-blind emphasis works to encourage students to take to heart that race does not warrant inclusion in explaining college sports.
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McLeod, Tamara C. Valovich, and Candace Leach. "Psychometric Properties of Self-Report Concussion Scales and Checklists." Journal of Athletic Training 47, no. 2 (2012): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.2.221.
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Reference/Citation: Alla S, Sullivan SJ, Hale L, McCrory P. Self-report scales/checklists for the measurement of concussion symptoms: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43 (suppl 1):i3–i12. Clinical Question: Which self-report symptom scales or checklists are psychometrically sound for clinical use to assess sport-related concussion? Data Sources: Articles available in full text, published from the establishment of each database through December 2008, were identified from PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and AMED. Search terms included brain concussion, signs or symptoms, and athletic injuries, in combination with the AND Boolean operator, and were limited to studies published in English. The authors also hand searched the reference lists of retrieved articles. Additional searches of books, conference proceedings, theses, and Web sites of commercial scales were done to provide additional information about the psychometric properties and development for those scales when needed in articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Study Selection: Articles were included if they identified all the items on the scale and the article was either an original research report describing the use of scales in the evaluation of concussion symptoms or a review article that discussed the use or development of concussion symptom scales. Only articles published in English and available in full text were included. Data Extraction: From each study, the following information was extracted by the primary author using a standardized protocol: study design, publication year, participant characteristics, reliability of the scale, and details of the scale or checklist, including name, number of items, time of measurement, format, mode of report, data analysis, scoring, and psychometric properties. A quality assessment of included studies was done using 16 items from the Downs and Black checklist1 and assessed reporting, internal validity, and external validity. Main Results: The initial database search identified 421 articles. After 131 duplicate articles were removed, 290 articles remained and were added to 17 articles found during the hand search, for a total of 307 articles; of those, 295 were available in full text. Sixty articles met the inclusion criteria and were used in the systematic review. The quality of the included studies ranged from 9 to 15 points out of a maximum quality score of 17. The included articles were published between 1995 and 2008 and included a collective total of 5864 concussed athletes and 5032 nonconcussed controls, most of whom participated in American football. The majority of the studies were descriptive studies monitoring the resolution of concussive self-report symptoms compared with either a preseason baseline or healthy control group, with a smaller number of studies (n = 8) investigating the development of a scale. The authors initially identified 20 scales that were used among the 60 included articles. Further review revealed that 14 scales were variations of the Pittsburgh Steelers postconcussion scale (the Post-Concussion Scale, Post-Concussion Scale: Revised, Post-Concussion Scale: ImPACT, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale: Vienna, Graded Symptom Checklist [GSC], Head Injury Scale, McGill ACE Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale, and CogState Sport Symptom Checklist), narrowing down to 6 core scales, which the authors discussed further. The 6 core scales were the Pittsburgh Steelers Post-Concussion Scale (17 items), Post-Concussion Symptom Assessment Questionnaire (10 items), Concussion Resolution Index postconcussion questionnaire (15 items), Signs and Symptoms Checklist (34 items), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) postconcussion symptom scale (25 items), and Concussion Symptom Inventory (12 items). Each of the 6 core scales includes symptoms associated with sport-related concussion; however, the number of items on each scale varied. A 7-point Likert scale was used on most scales, with a smaller number using a dichotomous (yes/no) classification. Only 7 of the 20 scales had published psychometric properties, and only 1 scale, the Concussion Symptom Inventory, was empirically driven (Rasch analysis), with development of the scale occurring before its clinical use. Internal consistency (Cronbach α) was reported for the Post-Concussion Scale (.87), Post-Concussion Scale: ImPACT 22-item (.88–.94), Head Injury Scale 9-item (.78), and Head Injury Scale 16-item (.84). Test-retest reliability has been reported only for the Post-Concussion Scale (Spearman r = .55) and the Post-Concussion Scale: ImPACT 21-item (Pearson r = .65). With respect to validity, the SCAT postconcussion scale has demonstrated face and content validity, the Post-Concussion Scale: ImPACT 22-item and Head Injury Scale 9-item have reported construct validity, and the Head Injury Scale 9-item and 16-item have published factorial validity. Sensitivity and specificity have been reported only with the GSC (0.89 and 1.0, respectively) and the Post-Concussion Scale: ImPACT 21-item when combined with the neurocognitive component of ImPACT (0.819 and 0.849, respectively). Meaningful change scores were reported for the Post-Concussion Scale (14.8 points), Post-Concussion Scale: ImPACT 22-item (6.8 points), and Post-Concussion Scale: ImPACT 21-item (standard error of the difference = 7.17; 80% confidence interval = 9.18). Conclusions: Numerous scales exist for measuring the number and severity of concussion-related symptoms, with most evolving from the neuropsychology literature pertaining to head-injured populations. However, very few of these were created in a systematic manner that follows scale development processes and have published psychometric properties. Clinicians need to understand these limitations when choosing and using a symptom scale for inclusion in a concussion assessment battery. Future authors should assess the underlying constructs and measurement properties of currently available scales and use the ever-increasing prospective data pools of concussed athlete information to develop scales following appropriate, systematic processes.
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Sabin, R. Paul. "Estimating player value in American football using plus–minus models." Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, August 27, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2020-0033.
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Abstract Calculating the value of football player’s on-field performance has been limited to scouting methods while data-driven methods are mostly limited to quarterbacks. A popular method to calculate player value in other sports are Adjusted Plus–Minus (APM) and Regularized Adjusted Plus–Minus (RAPM) models. These models have been used in other sports, most notably basketball (Rosenbaum, D. T. 2004. Measuring How NBA Players Help Their Teams Win. http://www.82games.com/comm30.htm#_ftn1; Kubatko, J., D. Oliver, K. Pelton, and D. T. Rosenbaum. 2007. “A Starting Point for Analyzing Basketball Statistics.” Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 3 (3); Winston, W. 2009. Player and Lineup Analysis in the NBA. Cambridge, Massachusetts; Sill, J. 2010. “Improved NBA Adjusted +/− Using Regularization and Out-Of-Sample Testing.” In Proceedings of the 2010 MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference) to estimate each player’s value by accounting for those in the game at the same time. Football is less amenable to APM models due to its few scoring events, few lineup changes, restrictive positioning, and small quantity of games relative to the number of teams. More recent methods have found ways to incorporate plus–minus models in other sports such as Hockey (Macdonald, B. 2011. “A Regression-Based Adjusted Plus-Minus Statistic for NHL players.” Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 7 (3)) and Soccer (Schultze, S. R., and C.-M. Wellbrock. 2018. “A Weighted Plus/Minus Metric for Individual Soccer Player Performance.” Journal of Sports Analytics 4 (2): 121–31 and Matano, F., L. F. Richardson, T. Pospisil, C. Eubanks, and J. Qin (2018). Augmenting Adjusted Plus-Minus in Soccer with Fifa Ratings. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.08032). These models are useful in coming up with results-oriented estimation of each player’s value. In American football, many positions such as offensive lineman have no recorded statistics which hinders the ability to estimate a player’s value. I provide a fully hierarchical Bayesian plus–minus (HBPM) model framework that extends RAPM to include position-specific penalization that solves many of the shortcomings of APM and RAPM models in American football. Cross-validated results show the HBPM to be more predictive out of sample than RAPM or APM models. Results for the HBPM models are provided for both Collegiate and NFL football players as well as deeper insights into positional value and position-specific age curves.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "American Football Conference"
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Hughes, Raymond Finley. "Desegregating the holy day : football, blacks and the Southeastern Conference /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688507503898.
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Olszak, Candace A. "The Impacts of Weather on a Mid-American Conference University Football Team and Players' Perceptions Regarding Weather." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334330057.
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Nisgor, Craig M. "Redshirting, how and when it is used : a comparison between football coaches and men's swimming coaches in the Southeastern and Mid-American Conferences." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115732.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice of redshirting studentathletes by football and men's swimming coaches in the Southeastern and Mid-American Conferences. Questionnaires were sent out to each of the coaches regarding their practices of redshirting. The data was tabulated in SPSS format and the Pearson ChiSquare was used to find out if there were any statistical significance. The results of the Chi-Square analysis revealed no statistical significance between the two conferences redshirting practices, however there were some differences between the two sports. One difference between the sports was in both the freshman and sophomore years of eligibility in the use of redshirting as a coaching strategy. Another difference between sports existed in the junior year of eligibility in the use of redshirting for medical reasons. Coaching strategy was the number one reason why football coaches used and believed that redshirting is used. The men's swimming coaches used, and believe, that medical reasons was the main reason for redshirting athletes.<br>School of Physical Education
Books on the topic "American Football Conference"
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Monte, McNeese La, ed. Still running: The autobiography of Nate Northington, the first African American football player in the Southeastern Conference. iUniverse, Inc., 2013.
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Richard, Pennington. Breaking the ice: The racial integration of Southwest Conference football. McFarland, 1987.
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Crippen, Kenneth R. The original Buffalo Bills: A history of the all-America football conference team, 1946-1949. McFarland & Co., 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "American Football Conference"
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Lazarescu, Mihai, Svetha Venkatesh, and Geoff West. "Using Natural Language and Video Data to Query and Learn American Football Plays." In International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition. Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0833-7_7.
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Jozsa, Frank P. "All-America Football Conference-National Football League." In National Football League Strategies. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05705-7_8.
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"AMERICAN FOOTBALL CONFERENCE." In Sports Nation. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813225527_0005.
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Tamte, Roger R. "Not So Easy After All." In Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.003.0016.
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A week before an important 1883 Thanksgiving Day game in New York City, Harvard’s faculty athletic committee bans Harvard’s football team from participating, saying football is becoming brutal and dangerous. They are persuaded to withdraw their ban but after the game initiate a conference of colleges seeking to create a multicollege, interinstitutional athletic oversight organization. The conference promulgates resolutions, but most colleges refuse to accept them and the effort is abandoned. Yale’s Professor Eugene Richards writes a scholarly article in Popular Science defending college athletics and student management, and Camp adds his own newspaper letter published in three New York City papers in support of similar views.
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Tamte, Roger R. "Tipping Point." In Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.003.0054.
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Two deaths occur in American football on November 25. Henry MacCracken, chancellor of New York University, where one of the fatal injuries occurred, invites the nineteen colleges NYU has played since 1895 to a conference on December 8, aiming to abolish or at least reform American football. Camp persuades the rules committee to meet December 9, the day after the MacCracken conference, and develops a plan for Yale’s position during that meeting. While Camp is out of town, Alice communicates the plan to Yale’s President Hadley, who summarizes it in a memo and apparently approves. Roosevelt meets with Harvard’s coach and appears supportive of unspecified actions being taken at Harvard (possibly, as later events suggest, proposals being developed by Harvard’s special committee).
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Tamte, Roger R. "Democracy in Action." In Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.003.0042.
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With strong leadership from West Point (whose top two leaders are closely tied to President Roosevelt) the December 8, 1905, MacCracken conference votes that football should be reformed (not abolished) and schedules a follow-up conference on December 28 to elect a new rules committee. The old rules committee meets December 9, but Harvard’s Reid prevents rule making, saying he cannot vote until the Harvard special committee acts. Dashiell meets with Roosevelt, who confidentially shows Dashiell a letter from Reid and implies he favors the Harvard committee’s ideas. On December 28, with sixty-eight colleges attending, and led again by West Point, the second MacCracken conference elects a new seven-person rules committee with instructions to amalgamate with the old committee. The old rules committee agrees to amalgamate, and a new rule making order begins. The Intercollegiate Athletic Association (predecessor of the NCAA) is also formed, with Palmer Pierce of West Point elected president.
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Tamte, Roger R. "The Future Foreseen." In Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.003.0034.
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In 1895 a group of midwestern college presidents agree to cooperate in overseeing intercollegiate athletics at their schools. Subsequent meetings of their designees further establish a de facto interinstitutional organization known variously as the “Big Seven,” the Western Conference, and today as the Big Ten. Colleges of the South also agree to cooperate through a meeting of faculty members in December 1894 and form the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The major eastern universities, undoubtedly with Camp support, resist such an organization.
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Tamte, Roger R. "Headquarters on Gill Street." In Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041617.003.0021.
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Walter Camp marries Alice Sumner in 1888, and they live in a small cottage-like house owned by his parents and adjacent to his parents’ backyard. The house becomes a “headquarters” for Yale football coaching, with Camp “placed in entire charge,” according to the 1888 Yale football captain, “Pa” Corbin. Corbin often visits the Camp home in the evening to review the day’s practices, develop plans, and work out strategies. Players sometimes join him. Camp attends practice when he can, and Alice (“Mrs. Walter”) regularly attends when he can’t. The evening conferences are congenial occasions, where Alice is a “generalissimo of high spirits.” The team has some outstanding individuals—George Woodruff, “Pudge” Heffelfinger, Alonzo Stagg, Lee McClung—and wins all their games without being scored upon.
Conference papers on the topic "American Football Conference"
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Alvarado, Matías, Arturo Yee, and Jesús Fernández. "Simulation of American football gaming." In 2013 International Conference on Sport Science and Computer Science. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/cccs130271.
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Lee, Namhoon, and Kris M. Kitani. "Predicting wide receiver trajectories in American football." In 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2016.7477732.
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Turner, James D., and Brian P. Mann. "Sensitivity of Final Field Position to the Punt Initial Conditions in American Football." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60235.
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The starting field position is often a deciding factor in an American football game. In the case of a defensive stop, a kick, known as a punt, is used to give the receiving team a field position that is more advantageous to the kicking team when possession changes. The goal of the punter is to kick the ball along a desired flight path, where a delicate balance between the distance traveled before impact, hang time in the air, and the distance traveled after bouncing is favorable for the kicking team. However, the punter has only imprecise control over the initial conditions, such as the angular velocity, linear velocity, and orientation of the football. Due to the highly nonlinear behavior of the football, from aerodynamic and impact forces, even small changes in initial conditions can produce large changes in the final position of the football, but there may be regions of initial conditions with relatively consistent results. If punters could target such large contiguous regions of initial conditions with desirable football paths, they could improve their chances of successful kicks. For nonlinear systems, basins of attraction diagrams are often used to graphically display the initial conditions that lead to different final attractors. In this case, the regions of initial conditions that lead to a desirable final field position can be grouped and shown graphically. A numerical simulation program was developed including models for aerodynamic flight and bouncing of the irregularly shaped football. The flight model used fourth order Runge-Kutta integration of the equations of motion of the football, including gravitational and aerodynamic forces and moments with empirical lift, drag, and yaw coefficients in three dimensions. The bounce model was based on an empirical two-dimensional coefficient of restitution model that was published in the literature. The behavior of a football in flight and during bouncing was simulated for a range of initial angular velocities and launch angles, and the characteristics of the flight paths were analyzed. The characteristics of some regions of initial conditions were relatively sensitive to small changes, while other regions were relatively uniform. This shows that this approach, with a quantitatively accurate bounce model, could be practically applied to develop a guide for punters to optimize their kicks. With such a guide and sufficient practice, punters could select and target the larger regions of initial conditions that produced desirable behavior, which would improve their chances of successful punts.
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Huang, Yazhou, Lloyd Churches, and Brendan Reilly. "A Case Study on Virtual Reality American Football Training." In VRIC '15: Virtual Reality International Conference - Laval Virtual 2015. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2806173.2806178.
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Fonville, Tate R., Anand Balu Nellippallil, M. F. Horstemeyer, Janet K. Allen, and Farrokh Mistree. "A Goal-Oriented, Inverse Decision-Based Method for an American Football Helmet." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97388.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We design two components of an American football helmet (composite shell and foam liner) to illustrate the efficacy of a goal-oriented, inverse decision-based design method for multi-component product design. The method is goal-oriented because we first identify the end performance system level goals for the helmet, namely, dissipate impact energy, minimize impulse, and minimize helmet weight. We arrange the components in the order that they receive impact energy and then find satisficing solutions for the foam liner to achieve the system-level goals as close as possible, and then we adjust the targets for the composite shell to reduce the helmet weight without a substantial loss in performance. We use the Concept Exploration Framework to systematically gather information about each component, and the compromise Decision Support Problem to generate satisficing solutions under uncertainty. Finally, we verify our design decisions with Finite Element Analysis. Although the results are interesting, our focus is to establish the efficacy of the inverse method for the design of an American football helmet.
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Atmosukarto, Indriyati, Bernard Ghanem, Shaunak Ahuja, Karthik Muthuswamy, and Narendra Ahuja. "Automatic Recognition of Offensive Team Formation in American Football Plays." In 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2013.144.
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Lazarescu, M., and S. Venkatesh. "Using camera motion to identify types of American football plays." In 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2003.1221583.
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Patton, Declan A., Andrew S. McIntosh, and Svein Kleiven. "The Biomechanical Determinants of Concussion: Kinematic and Tissue-Level Predictors of Injury." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80517.
Full textAbstract:
Concussion has been identified in recent research as being the most commonly occurring head injury in sports [1]. Many studies have reconstructed and analysed impacts from American-football [2–6]; however, very few studies have focused on impacts occurring in unhelmeted football codes [7, 8].
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Ahmadisoleymani, Seyed Saeed, James Yang, Andrew Schmit, and Jahan Rasty. "Simulation-Based Study of Impact Energy Absorption in American Football Helmet." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59296.
Full textAbstract:
Concussion injury limits the American football player’s career life and causes several long term problems. In order to limit its severity and frequency, various helmets have been designed to protect player’s head. This absorbency is mainly achieved by the padding system inside the helmet which includes energy absorbing and comfort foams and inflatable air surrounding the foams. In a recent study an experiment was performed on a Riddell Youth Revolution Speed helmet to analyze the effect of the head size on capability of the helmet in attenuating the impacts. It was found that headform size would affect the helmet performance. In the current study, a three dimensional finite element (FE) model has been developed based on the above mentioned experiment. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the FE model based on the experimental results, regarding the effect of headform size on performance of the helmet.
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Hernandez, Fidel, Pete B. Shull, Bruce Cam, et al. "Comparing In Vivo Head Impact Kinematics From American Football With Laboratory Drop and Linear Impactors." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14680.
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Roughly 5% of all collegiate and high school American football players suffer a concussion each season [1]. Concussions and repetitive sub-concussive trauma can have measurable effects on brain function and neurophysiological changes [2]. Several studies have suggested that a combination of linear and angular kinematic measures may be predictive of concussion [3, 4]. Presently, laboratory testing and analysis of purely linear kinematics is used to design and assess the safety of protective headgear. However, it is not known how well existing laboratory tests recapitulate angular kinematics. In this study, we analyze combinations of linear and angular head kinematics experienced by players on the field. This study sought to answer the question: how well do the twin-wire drop test apparatus and a spring-driven linear impactor reproduce the combination of linear and angular head impact kinematics experienced in vivo by players of American football?