Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'American Medals'

I examine the mobility and circulation of peace medals featured in nineteenth-century portraiture of Native Americans through the lens of object-oriented ontology. This research strives to establish a different perspective for considering nineteenth-century portraiture of Native Americans by situating the works through the framework of materiality and circulation. By applying this approach to a series of portraits of Native Americans with peace medals, my research seeks to define issues of movement and power within the transient, fluctuating space of the nineteenth-century American frontier. To accomplish this, I trace the production and distribution of peace medals within paintings widely viewed at the time, as well as the movement of groups and individuals involved with transporting and receiving the medals. Tracking these objects and their mechanisms of movement within the visual culture of the nineteenth century, indicating not only the thing itself but also its processes of production and movement, reveals a dimension of specificity to pictorial narratives, even as the exhibited artworks promoted generalized ideals regarding Indian policy through their circulation. I follow the peace medals’ logistics of production and transit to underscore issues of value and currency on the American frontier, highlighting the ways in which peace medals and the artwork depicting them participated in narratives of Native displacement.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2010.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 69 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).

The purpose of this study was to conduct a critical content analysis of the African American characters found in Newbery Medal award winning books recognized between the years of 1991 and 2011. The John Newbery Medal is a highly regarded award in the United States for children's literature and esteemed worldwide. Children's and adolescents' books receive this coveted award for the quality of their writing. Though these books are recognized for their quality writing, there is no guideline in the award criteria that evaluated the race and identity of the characters. Hence, there are two overarching research questions that guided this study. The first question asked: To what extent are the African American characters in each award winning book represented? Foci in answering this question were the frequency of African American characters and the development of their ethnic identities. The second question asked: How are the African American characters' intergroup attitudes and interactions represented? Foci in answering this question examined the frequency of intergroup interactions and the characters' attitudes within the context of each book. The theoretical framework that undergirded this study is critical literacy, which encourages adults and youth to examine issues of diversity and social justice through their reading. Eighteen books met the criteria for the study, which provided 98 African American characters for investigation through content analysis. The qualitative methodology used frequency counts, anecdotal notes and questionnaires to analyze the characters. Findings revealed two key themes: the characterization of ethnic identity as a reflection of society and African American characters as models of agency. Further themes became evident in this study as well: the evolution of cultural authenticity, strong African American female characters, importance of the African American family and the acknowledgement of African American involvement in history. These findings are significant because they provided evidence of the potential of these Newbery award winning books to be the catalyst for critical classroom conversations on identity and agency. Findings also provided increasingly strong examples of ethnic role models within these notable titles.

He elegido como objeto de estudio la décima temporada del reality tipo concurso American Idol. Este es uno de los programas más populares en la historia de la televisión estadounidense, el cual fue nominado diez veces a los premios Emmy y ha sido el primetime número uno por seis temporadas consecutivas, superando a series como All in the Family y The Cosby Show; además, en la final de la temporada diez en la cadena televisiva Fox alcanzó 29,3 millones de televidentes y 15,7 puntos de rating1.
Tesis

Freedom of speech as a basic right is the starting point of the article. The Inter-American legal framework contributes pondering on the importance plurality and the vast array of information have in the validity of this right and democracy in general. This consideration is done from the standards given by the Commission reports and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights case law. The article ponders on how and how much the exercise of freedom of speech right is affected by the excessive concentrationof personal property and control over the media.
El artículo toma como punto de partida que la libertad de expresión forma parte del corpus de derechos fundamentales que el marco jurídico interamericano para reflexionar sobre la importancia de la pluralidad y la diversidad de la información tienen para la vigencia de este derecho y de la democracia en general. Esta reflexión se realiza a partir de los estándares construidos por los informes de la Comisión y la jurisprudencia de la Corte interamericanas. El texto reflexiona sobre cuánto y cómo afecta, al pleno ejercicio de la libertad de expresión, la excesiva concentración de la propiedad privada y del control de los medios de comunicación.

Body image refers to how a person perceives herself physically. A woman's perception of her physical appearance and her adherence to a cultural ideal of beauty informs her body image. Several determinants shape the development of body image, including sociocultural, psychological, and interpersonal factors, as well as adolescent physique and maturation, history of abuse, and certain types of media exposure (e.g., fashion magazines and a variety of television programming).

Much scholarly critique has argued that popular media perpetuate a "thin ideal" to viewers. Consumers receive distorted information. Heavy media consumers, through sheer volume of exposure, may be more aware of and likely to internalize the societal ideal, which could lead to disturbed body image and eating disorders. Substantial body image and media effects research focuses on print images, while television images are far less studied. Furthermore, Caucasian females are studied more frequently than members of other ethnic groups, such as Latinas (Hispanic females). Existing research examining Latinas tends to aggregate ethnic sub-groups (e.g. Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, etc.) into one homogenous group despite differences in national origin. The present study addresses a paucity of research focusing on ethnicity and ethnic sub-group identification related to body image across disciplines.

A sample comprising 305 self-identified Latinas completed an online survey about television consumption and body image. Television consumption was not predictive of social comparison; however, television consumption did predict awareness of the Eurocentric idealized thin body type. Moreover, sociocultural pressure from friends and family predicted awareness of the idealized thin. Awareness of the idealized thin was positively associated with social comparison, and internalization was positively associated with social comparison. Likewise, social comparison was positively associated with body dissatisfaction and with drive for thinness. The results lend further support for the sociocultural paradigm of body image disturbance. Limitations of the present work are posed along with suggestions for future research.

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. Elizabeth West, committee chair; Layli Phillips, Kameelah Martin Samuel, committee members. Electronic text (52 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Jan. 30, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-52).

Malathion is a commonly used organophosphate pesticide on field crops, fruits, nut trees, vegetables, livestock, agricultural premises, and land. The approved uses also include mosquito and medfly control. These uses can result in human skin contact. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the human skin absorption of malathion for the purpose of assessing the risks associated with aqueous solution exposures following applications. Aerial applications can result in solubilized malathion in swimming pools and other waters that may be contacted. Human volunteers were selected and exposed to aqueous solutions of malathion at various concentrations. Participants submerged their arms and hands in twenty liters of dilute malathion solution in either a stagnant or stirred environment. The "disappearance method" was applied by measuring malathion concentrations in the water before and after human subject exposure to the water for various periods of time. Malathion was measured using Gas Chromatography. No measurable skin absorption was detected in 42% of the participants. Measurable skin absorption among the remaining 58% of participants resulted in doses that were more than an order of magnitude less than the minimal dose necessary to cause a measurable change in red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE). Extrapolation of these results to a mathematical model for recreational swimmers and bathers exposed to contaminated swimming pools and surface waters typically detected after bait application again are an order of magnitude below the doses needed to cause a detectable change in RBC-AChE. These data indicate that exposure to aqueous malathion following usual aerial bait applications is not appreciably absorbed, and therefore, it is not a public health hazard.

After the kidnapping and murder of his son Adam in 1981, John Walsh dedicated his life to advocating for missing children. He became the forerunner of a movement to change the laws of the country so that no parent or child would have to suffer through the same events his family endured. The media frenzy surrounding the case, as well as John Walsh’s efforts to make child endangerment and missing children a national issue, helped influence and alter the way the public views the issues of child safety, child kidnapping, and the offenders that harm these children. This research analyzed newspaper articles involving the Adam Walsh murder, and examined rhetorical patterns based on ideas of the social construction of reality, folk devils and moral panics. This research revealed five rhetorical themes the media used when discussing the Adam Walsh case: vulnerability of the victim, description of the offender and crime, transformation of John Walsh, America’s lost childhood innocence and the evolution of the criminal justice system. Results showed repeated pattern of descriptive language emphasizing Adam’s age for innocence and vulnerability, a distinct evolution of John Walsh as a moral entrepreneur and an overall loss of innocence and safety felt amongst parents and children.

This research revealed that the legislation developed and passed has been influenced by fear pervasive in society, rather than criminal data. The findings suggests that federal legislation needs to be modified so that there is less invasion into the lives of nonviolent offenders that are less likely to recidivate.

Seminario para optar al grado de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención Economía
El presente estudio tiene por objetivo caracterizar la estructura del mercado aéreo en América Latina. Para lo anterior se analizan las participaciones de mercado y los niveles de concentración del mismo, tanto a nivel doméstico como internacional. Por el lado del mercado doméstico, se analizan una serie de indicadores de uso y concentración. A nivel de cada país, se analizan las participaciones de mercado y concentración para el año 2012, así como la evolución de estas en un periodo de 10 años. En el caso del mercado internacional, se analizan los niveles de tráfico y de concentración de las cinco rutas de mayor flujo de pasajeros para un grupo de países. Por último, se analiza el efecto que han tenido los acuerdos firmados por Chile y Perú con ciertos países, sobre el volumen de pasajeros transportados y los niveles de concentración. A lo largo del estudio se pueden evidenciar los altos niveles de concentración existentes tanto a nivel doméstico como internacional. El trabajo está organizado en cinco secciones: i) Introducción, ii) Mercado Doméstico, iii) Mercado Internacional, iv) Acuerdos Firmados en los últimos años y v) Conclusión.

Jesse Owens was the star of the Berlin Olympics in 1936. His four gold medals in Hitler's Germany, as an African American, had far reaching implications back in the United States. Despite segregation and a social hierarchy that was an impasse to both black opportunity and achievement, Owens created a lasting legacy that drastically impacted race relations. The purpose of this thesis was to examine what the Olympic glory of Owens represented for society. Owens as an Olympian in 1936 manufactured a brand of social capital that tied people together in commonality—as Americans. As well, in both myth and deed, Owens has been traditionally credited with challenging Hitler's beliefs of Aryan Supremacy. Yet, Owens was also a race pioneer, as his athletic feats were read in newspapers all over the country, and as a result, helped shift the consciousness of Southerners who were historically ignorant of black achievement.

Este artículo estudia el efecto del envejecimiento de los vecinos sobre las organizaciones locales en San Felipe, un barrio de clase media en Lima, Perú. Ilustro el efecto de este fenómeno usando el caso del control del espacio público en el barrio. Para esta investigación realicé observación participante durante un año. Durante ese año observé la dinámica de las asambleas locales, entrevisté a 46 vecinos de distintas características y observé una gran cantidad de situaciones y controversias entre vecinos en los espacios públicos de San Felipe. Encuentro que los adultos-mayores son los que imponen su punto de vista respecto al destino del barrio. Dicho resultado es sorprendente pues los adultos-mayores no son ni el grupo demográficamente más importante, ni el de mayores recursos. Sostengo que ello ocurre porque los adultos-mayores transforman el tiempo (un recurso escaso para los adultos-jóvenes, pero ampliamente disponible para los adultos-mayores) en poder organizacional. Con dicho poder organizacional, los adultos-mayores logran influir en los funcionarios municipales quienes no sólo defienden el punto de vista de los adultos-mayores respecto al espacio público, sino que además lo transforman de acuerdo al mismo.
In this article, I study the effect of aging of neighbors on local organizations in San Felipe, a middle-class neighborhood in Lima, Peru. I elaborate on this effect by using the case of the control of public space in the neighborhood. I conducted participant observation during a year. During that year, I observed the dynamics of local organizations’ meetings; I interviewed 46 residents of different characteristics; and I observed a large amount of situations andcontroversies among actors in San Felipe’s public space. I find that senior residents are the ones who impose their point of view about the neighborhood’s fortune. This result is surprising considering that senior residents are neither the most numerous group in the neighborhood, neither the one with higher resources. I claim that that happens because senior residents transform time (a scarce resource for young-adult neighbors, though abundant for the seniorneighbors) into organizational power. With that organizational power, senior residents are able to influence on the municipality’s functionaries who not only defend the discourse of senior residents regarding the use of public space, but also transform it according to this discourse.

O zoneamento ecológico exploratório de Anastrepha fraterculus e de Ceratitis capitata foi baseado nos dados climáticos de 497 estações meteorológicas de todo o Brasil para o clima recente (1961 - 1990) e nos dados climáticos previstos pelo IPCC para o clima futuro (2080 no cenário A2). Com esses dados, foram confeccionados evapluviogramas para calcular o índice de desenvolvimento das duas espécies, com base em suas necessidades térmicas e de umidade de solo. Os índices de desenvolvimento foram espacializados pelo sistema de informações geográficas SPRING 4.1.1 e divididos em cinco classes. As localidades mais propícias ao desenvolvimento de A. fraterculus, no clima recente, localizam-se nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. Essas regiões apresentam temperaturas médias mensais dentro da faixa mesotérmica de desenvolvimento da espécie e período curto de estiagem. Por outro lado, as localidades com condições menos favoráveis estão no semi-árido da região Nordeste, onde as temperaturas ficam sempre acima da temperatura-limite de desenvolvimento da mosca-das-frutas sul-americana e as condições hídricas são inadequadas ao desenvolvimento da fase de pupa. Com o aumento da temperatura, devido ao aquecimento global previsto para 2080 (cenário A2), as regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste serão completamente desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento de A. fraterculus. Na região Sul e parte da Sudeste, a temperatura ficará dentro da faixa mesotérmica de desenvolvimento de A. fraterculus, mesmo com o aumento da temperatura, mas em alguns meses, excederá a temperatura-limite superior de desenvolvimento. No entanto, as condições hídricas serão desfavoráveis em grande parte do ano. No cenário do clima recente, as regiões Norte e Nordeste, com as temperaturas elevadas, são desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento de C. capitata durante o ano todo. No Nordeste, também as condições hídricas só são favoráveis em curto período do ano. Na região Centro-Oeste, de março a agosto, parte do Mato Grosso do Sul e de Goiás são desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento de C. capitata, em razão da precipitação pluvial baixa. Na região Sudeste, o período de setembro a março é favorável ao desenvolvimento, em razão da temperatura e condição hídrica adequadas. Na região Sul, apenas em maio e junho, quando ocorrem as menores temperaturas, o período é desfavorável ao desenvolvimento de C. capitata. Na previsão para 2080, devido principalmente ao aumento da temperatura causado pelo aquecimento global, apenas nos estados de Santa Catarina e do Rio Grande do Sul, haverá condições climáticas apropriadas ao desenvolvimento da mosca-do-mediterrâneo. Portanto, as mudanças climáticas previstas serão menos favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de C. capitata (espécie exótica) do de A. fraterculus (espécie nativa).
Exploratory ecological zoning for the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, and the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, were established based on data of 497 meteorological stations throughout Brazil, considering recent (1961 - 1990) and future climate forecast by IPPC (2080, A2 scenario). Climograms were used to estimate the South American fruit fly and medfly development indexes (Id) based on their thermal and soil moisture requirements. The development index was divided into five classes and spacialized by using the SPRING 4.1.1 geographical information system. Based on development index the Southwest and South regions were the most suitable for Anastrepha fraterculus in the recent climate. These regions have average monthly temperatures within the mesothermic range of A. fraterculus development and a short period of drought, while the unfavorable localities were situated in the semi-arid of the Northwest region, where temperatures are always above the threshold temperature of development and soil moisture are unsuitable for the pupa stage. For the increase of temperature due to global warming foreseen for 2080 (scenario A2), the North, Northwest and Center-West regions will become entirely unsuitable for the South American fruit fly development. Temperatures within the mesothermic range of development will still be available in part of Southwest region and in the South region, even with the increase of the temperature. However, the hydric conditions will be unfavorable for most of the year, and the upper temperature threshold will be exceeded in warmer months. For Ceratitis capitata, the recent climate of the North and Northwest regions were unsuitable for its development due to the high temperatures year-round. In the Northwest region, the hydric conditions will be favourable for a short period of the year. The low rainfall from March to August will make part of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás unfavorable for medfly development in the Center-West region. In the Southwest region, temperature and hydric conditions from September to March are inadequate for medfly development. In the South region, conditions will be unfavorable to medfly development only during the months of May and June, when low temperatures occur. In the prediction for 2080, due to the temperature increase, only Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states will have adequate climatic conditions to allow for C. capitata development. Therefore, the foreseen climate changes will be more unfavorable for the development of C. capitata (exotic species) than A. fraterculus (native species).

La modernisation de la fin du XIX siècle se présente en Amérique latine comme un projet économique qui prétend modifier les paradigmes sociaux et culturels existants en surmontant et dépassant les héritages coloniaux encore ancrés dans la société. L´analyse des annonces publicitaires publiées dans les moyens de communication imprimés au Chili et en Colombie, entre 1870 et 1914, nous permet d'apprécier l´émergence d´un nouvel ordre discursif autour de pratiques de consommation en rapport avec la modernisation, d´une part, mais aussi de cerner comment les nouveaux modèles d'échange de biens et de services altèrent progressivement les us et coutumes de la société, d´autre part. Pour avancer sur la compréhension du lien entre publicité et modernisation, nous recourrons aux axes de réflexion qu'énonce la nouvelle histoire culturelle, en l´occurrence celle de l'École de Francfort et particulièrement l'analyse développée par Jürgen Habermas sur la sphère publique. Nous nous appuyons également sur les apports des études culturelles britanniques mais aussi latino-américaines contemporaines. Nous avons procédé méthodologiquement, avec la recherche puis la sélection d'un corpus représentatif des objets publicitaires; nous avons établi ensuite une classification systématique de ceux-ci selon la méthode d'analyse du traitement journalistique de l'information; finalement, nous les avons examinés à la lumière des processus de production, circulation et consommation en vigueur. Cette approche systématique nourrit l´étude de leur impact et de leurs effets sur le sens, les utilisations et les significations du discours de la modernité, dans les sociétés chilienne et colombienne durant la période abordée
The modernization of the late nineteenth century in Latin America was presented as an economic project that both would modify the existing social and cultural paradigms and contribute to overcoming the colonial remnants that were still anchored in society. An analysis of the advertisements that were published in print media in Chile and Colombia between 1870 and 1914 has allowed us to appreciate a discursive order of consumption practices related to the modernization being established and how this new exchange goods and services model altered the habits and customs of the society. To advance in the understanding the link between advertising and modernization, we turn to the guidelines set forth by the new cultural history, the Frankfurt School, specifically the approach developed by Jürgen Habermas on the public sphere and the contributions developed by the contemporary British and Latin American cultural studies. Methodologically, we proceeded with the search and selection of a representative corpus of advertising campaigns. Subsequently, such campaigns were classified and systematized according to the method of analysis of press coverage of information. Finally, we examine the processes of production, circulation and consumption, as well as the meaning effects, uses and meanings of this kind of discourse in the Latin American society
La modernización de fines del siglo XIX se presentó en América Latina como un proyectoeconómico que modificaría los paradigmas sociales y culturales existentes, a la vez quecontribuiría con la superación de los rezagos coloniales que aún permanecían anclados enla sociedad. Un análisis de los anuncios publicitarios que aparecieron publicados enmedios de comunicación impresos de Chile y Colombia entre 1870 y 1914, nos hapermitido apreciar un orden discursivo de prácticas de consumo relacionadas con lamodernización que se estaba instalando y cómo este nuevo modelo de intercambio debienes y servicios alteró los usos y las costumbres de la sociedad. Para avanzar en lacomprensión del vínculo entre publicidad y modernización, recurrimos a los lineamientosplanteados por la nueva historia cultural, la Escuela de Frankfurt, específicamente elenfoque desarrollado por Jürgen Habermas sobre la esfera pública y los aportesdesarrollados por los estudios culturales contemporáneos británicos y latinoamericanos.Metodológicamente procedimos con la búsqueda y selección de un corpus representativode piezas publicitarias, luego hicimos una sistematización y clasificación de las mismassegún el método de análisis del tratamiento periodístico de la información y finalmente,examinamos los procesos de producción, circulación y consumo, así como los efectos desentido, los usos y las significaciones de este tipo de discursos en la sociedadlatinoamericana

Cette thèse étudie les variations et les continuités dans la négociation des scènes médiatiques entre les gouvernements de gauche sud-américains et les grands groupes médiatiques nationaux au début du vingt-et-unième siècle. Elle se concentre sur deux cas principaux. D’une part, les deux premières présidences du Frente Amplio, en Uruguay : celles de Tabaré Vázquez (2005-2010) et de José Mujica (2010-2015). De l’autre, les présidences du kirchnérisme en Argentine : celle de Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) et les deux mandats de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007-2015). Finalement, on les compare avec un troisième cas : les deux premiers gouvernements d’Evo Morales, en Bolivie (2006-2015).L’approche théorico-méthodologique comporte trois dimensions. La première caractérise les systèmes médiatiques nationaux et se divise en deux plans. D’un côté, la structuration du champ politique : le poids relatif de l’Etat sur les médias et la centralité de la médiation des partis. D’autre coté, la structuration du champ médiatique : la configuration des principales entreprises médiatiques, ainsi que les cultures dominantes du journalisme politique. La seconde dimension est la communication politique, que l’on analyse au travers des stratégies d’apparition médiatique des gouvernements et des scènes des grands groupes médiatiques nationaux sur la politique nationale. La troisième dimension s’arrête sur les politiques de communication. Elle les analyse à partir de l’interaction entre les actions de réforme et d’intervention des gouvernements sur le secteur médiatique et les stratégies politiques et commerciales des grands groupes médiatiques nationaux.Cette thèse démontre que, dans des contextes marqués par une confrontation publique entre les élites politiques et les élites médiatiques, la négociation des scènes médiatiques a été fermement conditionnée par la corrélation des forces entre les acteurs, mais aussi par leurs idéologies et leurs répertoires d’action dans chaque pays
This dissertation examines variations and continuities in the negotiation of media scenes between South America leftist governments and the large national media groups at the start of the 21st century through two main cases. First, the initial two presidencies of the Frente Amplio in Uruguay (those of Tabaré Vázquez (2005-2010) and José Mujica (2010-2015)). Second, the Kirchnerist presidencies in Argentina (that of Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) and the two of Cristina Fernández (2007-2015)). In the conclusion, it compares them with a third case: that of the first two governments of Evo Morales in Bolivia (2006-2015).The theoretical-methodological approach consists of three dimensions. The first characterizes the national media systems, divided in two levels. One, the structure of the political field: the relative weight of the State over the media and the centrality of party mediation. Two, the structure of the media field: the configuration of the main media companies, as well as the dominant culture of political journalism. The second dimension is political communication, explored through the governments’ media strategies and the scenes of large national media groups on national politics. The third dimension focuses on communication policies, analyzing them through the governments’ reforms and interventions in the media sector, and the political and commercial strategies of the large national media groups.In contexts characterized by a public confrontation between political and media elites, this thesis shows that the negotiation of media scenes was strongly conditioned by the correlation of forces between the actors, their ideology and their repertoires of action in each country
Esta tesis estudia las variaciones y continuidades en la negociación de las escenas mediáticas entre los gobiernos de izquierda sudamericanos y los grandes grupos mediáticos nacionales a principios del siglo XXI. Para hacerlo se focaliza en dos casos principales. Por un lado, en las dos primeras presidencias del Frente Amplio en Uruguay: las de Tabaré Vázquez (2005-2010) y José Mujica (2010-2015). Por otro lado, en las presidencias del kirchnerismo en la Argentina: la de Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) y las dos de Cristina Fernández (2007-2015). En las conclusiones, los compara con un tercer caso: el de los primeros dos gobiernos de Evo Morales en Bolivia (2006-2015).El abordaje teórico-metodológico consta de tres dimensiones. La primera caracteriza los sistemas mediáticos nacionales y se divide en dos planos. Uno, la estructuración del campo político: el peso relativo del Estado sobre los medios y la centralidad de la mediación partidaria. Dos, la estructuración del campo mediático: la configuración de las principales empresas mediáticas, la estabilidad histórica de su línea editorial y de su propiedad, así como las culturas dominantes del periodismo político. La segunda dimensión es la comunicación política, a la que se indaga a través de las estrategias de aparición mediática de los gobiernos y de las escenas de los grandes grupos mediáticos nacionales sobre la política nacional. La tercera dimensión se detiene en las políticas de comunicación. Se las analiza a partir de la interacción entre las acciones de reforma e intervención de los gobiernos sobre el sector mediático y de las estrategias políticas y comerciales de los grandes grupos mediáticos nacionales.En contextos caracterizados por un enfrentamiento público entre élites políticas y élites mediáticas, esta tesis demuestra que la negociación de las escenas mediáticas estuvo fuertemente condicionada por la ideología de los actores, pero también por la correlación de fuerzas entre ellos y sus repertorios de acción en cada país

博士
輔仁大學
比較文學研究所
97
The Development of A New American Self-Consciousness as Reflected in Newbery Medal Award Books from 1922 to 2000 Huang Yu Lan Adviser: Patricia Haseltine Graduate Institute of Comparative literature Abstract This thesis, with a focus on Newbery Medal Award Books from 1922 to 2000, aims to have an overview of the characters, plots, themes, settings, etc. in all the Medal Award Books from 1922 to 2000. From a historical perspective of different times, it is also a purpose to study the changes of American self-consciousness as reflected in Newbery Medal Award Books from 1922 to 2000. Besides, in each different time, in order to have a better understanding of Newbery Medal Award Books, the writer will have one or two books specific discussed. Through all of the researches, firstly, the writer hopes to enrich personal studies on children’s literature in future. Meanwhile, it will be a great reward for a researcher to share the study with people who are interested in it. Keywords: Newbery, Children’s Literature, American, Self-consciousness

The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) has suffered a serious population decline in Lake Ontario since the early 1980s due to a decline in recruitment of juveniles migrating from the Sargasso Sea. This has resulted in the closure of the Lake Ontario fishery in 2004 and its listing as endangered under the Ontario Species at Risk act in June of 2008 in Ontario. Due to their complex life cycle, little is known about eels once they leave their freshwater habitats and migrate to the Sargasso Sea to reproduce. Ocean conditions, habitat destruction, disease, reduced lipid content, over-fishing, physical barriers (hydroelectric dams), and chemical contamination are all possible reasons for recruitment decline and may be acting cumulatively. Maternally derived dioxin-like contaminants (DLCs) accumulated during the growth phase of eels in Lake Ontario are toxic to fish embryos, and embryotoxicity is expressed as a series of malformations known as blue sac disease (BSD). I assessed whether these toxicants are in high enough concentrations in sexually maturing, eels to be embryotoxic to their offspring, as assessed by using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a surrogate species. Medaka embryos were first injected with 2,3,7,8-tetracholordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to establish their sensitivity to this test chemical expressed as an 11-day EC50 of 3.79 pg/mg, for the induction of BSD. Medaka embryos were injected with eel extracts and their response compared to the TCDD toxicity curve to assess whether extracts caused developmental problems and to estimate the relative concentration of DLCs. Eel extracts from all collection sites caused no dioxin-like toxicity to Japanese medaka embryos. However, significantly higher toxicity at 10 eeq relative to triolein was found for all extracts with no differences among sites, suggesting the presence of non-dioxin-like toxicants. The low level of maternal tissue contamination by DLCs implied by this bioassay is mirrored in chemical monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Lake Ontario fish. If correct, the low levels of toxicity of extracts to embryos could contribute to the observed increase of eels entering L. Ontario from 2003 to 2008.
Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-01 09:31:19.466

The mitral cells of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of anuran frogs project their axons directly to the medial amygdala (MeA) along the accessory olfactory tract. An en bloc preparation of the telencephalon of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeiana was utilized to study a form of low-frequency inducible long-term potentiation (LTP) expressed at the synapse formed between the terminals of the accessory olfactory tract and the neurons of the MeA. Delivery of repetitive 1Hz-stimulation or sets of 5Hz tetani to the accessory olfactory tract both induced potentiation that was stable for over an hour, as measured by extracellular field recordings. LTP induced by 5Hz tetanus was associated with a decrease in paired-pulse ratio, which would be consistent with an increased probability of release contributing to the increased synaptic strength. Blockade of neither NMDA nor kainate glutamate receptors, with AP5 and UBP310 respectively, prevented LTP induction by 5Hz tetanus; however expression of LTP was partially masked in the presence of UBP310. These results suggest that kainate receptors are involved in the expression of LTP at the AOB-MeA synapse, though the means by which LTP is induced remains unclear.
Graduate
2016-09-28

Border Images and Imaginaries: Spectral Aesthetics and Visual Media of Americanity at the U.S.-Mexico Border, proposes an emerging aesthetic of spectrality in visual media about the U.S.-Mexico border that challenges the power of militarized and racialized visibility. The visual media projects I work with, including cinema, electronic performance art, site specific video installation, and photography generate an aesthetic of spectrality as they try to conjure and express the socially invisible through sensual elements like affect, sound, kinaesthetics, and full embodiment. This aesthetic elicits the perceptions of our other senses beyond only the visual and makes visible the social flesh of the movements and socialities of migration rather than racialized, migrant bodies. The border, I claim, is an important site for understanding the continued deployment of visibility in the neoliberal legacies of what Quijano and Wallerstein call, Americanity, a term denoting the development of the modern capitalist system in the Americas which relied upon the imbricate logics of colonialism, racism, and the deification the modern. Images of spectrality are intermediaries between what Diana Taylor calls, archive and repertoire, being both documents and sites of embodied engagement that produce both certain and uncertain knowledges of race and migration at the border. The visual media projects in my dissertation cultivate spectral aesthetics to theorize an alternative visibility and the changing production of public memory. By making visible the social flesh of heterogeneous encounters with media, spectral aesthetics reforms collective memory making it a process of democratic editorialization that privileges experience as the site of a multivocal history. This project reclaims the image as a terrain for the multitude's inquiry and imagination about the US-Mexico border, and puts the imaginaries generated by these images in dialog with activist projects happening in relation to immigration.

Dissertation

Ecos en la escritura (Échos dans l’écriture) vise à explorer la représentation de l’expérience dans le roman d’avant-garde latino-américain. D’après les idées de Walter Benjamin, nous définissons « l’expérience » comme une façon de donner du sens, tant à une série de perceptions et affections corporelles, qu’au récit historique d’une culture. Depuis la fin du 19e et le début du 20e siècle, l’expérience est radicalement transformée par l’émergence des nouveaux médias et des nouvelles technologies d’inscription, telles que la photographie, le cinéma, le phonographe, la machine à écrire et la radio. Ainsi, en dialogue avec la théorie des médias de Friedrich Kittler et Katherine Hayles et, dans un contexte latino-américain, avec les œuvres de Rubén Gallo et Flora Süssekind, nous analysons un groupe des romans d’avant-garde pour montrer les effets des technologies d’inscription sur les modalités de représentation. Le corpus comprend les romans suivants : Los siete locos (1929) y Los lanzallamas (1931), de Roberto Arlt; Cubagua (1931) de Enrique Bernardo Núñez; La casa de cartón (1928) de Martín Adán; Un año (1935) y Ayer (1935) de Juan Emar; Débora (1927) de Pablo Palacio; Museo de la novela de la Eterna (1925/1967) de Macedonio Fernández. Nous lisons les nouvelles modalités de représentation comme une manière de contestation des modes de représentation du roman réaliste du 19e siècle. Afin de montrer les différentes façons dont ces romans reflètent les changements dans l’expérience, nous avons organisé les chapitres pour démontrer l’éloignement du réalisme et l’incursion progressive des technologies d’inscription. La technologie des médias apparaît, tout d’abord, représentée sous forme de thème ou de manière subtile dans les descriptions de la perception des personnages. Ensuite, la technologie apparaît de manière plus explicite, affectant les modalités de la représentation et la qualité même de l’écriture, en accentuant le virage méta-narratif par lequel le roman d’avant-garde dissout la diégèse du roman réaliste. Enfin, la préoccupation d’avant-garde pour les médias est dirigée vers le substrat matériel du roman, le livre imprimé, dont la disparition ouvre la possibilité à d’autres formes d’inspiration. Ainsi, par l’étude de l’avant-garde latino-américaine, nous réfléchissons aux effets de la technologie dans la formation de l’expérience, et aussi sur les relations entre l’expérience et les formes de représentation.
Ecos en la escritura (Echoes in Writing) explores how the Latin American avant-garde novels represent a type of modern experience. Drawing from the ideas of Walter Benjamin, we define “experience” as a way of making sense of a series of perceptions and bodily affections, on the one hand, and of a certain historical discourse and historicity, on the other. From the 19th century and first decades of the 20th, experience is radically transformed as a result of the emergence of new media and inscription technologies, such as the photography and the cinema, the phonograph, the typewriter, and the radio. In dialogue with the media theorists Friedrich Kittler and Katherine Hayles, and, in Latin American contexts, with the writings of Rubén Gallo and Flora Süssekind, we analyze a group of Latin American avant-garde novels to show the effects of inscription technology on the modalities of literary representation. The corpus includes the following novels: Los siete locos (1929) y Los lanzallamas (1931) by Roberto Arlt; Cubagua (1931) by Enrique Bernárdo Núñez; La casa de cartón (1928) by Martín Adán; Un año (1935) and Ayer (1935) by Juan Emar; Débora (1927) by Pablo Palacio; Museo de la novela de la Eterna (1925/1967) by Macedonio Fernández. We read the new modalities of representation as a contestation of the modes of representations embodied in the 19th century realist novel, still prevalent in the early 20th century. In our presentation of these novels’ representation of the profound shift in experience, we have organized the chapters to demonstrate the move away from the realism and the progressive incursions of inscription technologies. Media technologies first appear as a theme or in a more subtle descriptions of perceptions for the characters, and are later shown to affect the modalities of representation, the very quality of writing, and to inspire a meta-narrative turn that effectively dissolves the diegesis typical of the popular realist novel. Finally, the avant-garde concern for media turns to the novel’s material substratum, the printed book, whose disappearance allows for others forms of inspirations to appear. Throughout this research on the Latin American avant-garde we think about the effects of technology on the constitution and formation of experience, and about the relations between experience and forms of representation.
Ecos en la escritura tiene como objetivo explorar la representación de la experiencia en la novela de vanguardia latinoamericanas. A partir de las ideas de Walter Benjamin, definimos “experiencia” como una manera de dar sentido tanto a una serie de percepciones y afecciones corporales como al relato histórico de una cultura. Desde finales del siglo 19 y comienzos del 20, la experiencia se transforma radicalmente con el surgimiento de nuevos medios y tecnologías de inscripción, tales como fotografía y el cine, el fonógrafo, la máquina de escribir y la radio. Así, en diálogo con la teoría de los medios de Friedrich Kittler y Katherine Hayles, y, en un contexto latinoamericano, con los trabajos de Rubén Gallo y Flora Süssekind, analizamos un grupo de novelas vanguardistas para mostrar los efectos de las tecnologías de inscripción en las modalidades de representación. El corpus se delimita a las siguientes novelas: Los siete locos (1929) y Los lanzallamas (1931) , de Roberto Arlt; Cubagua (1931) de Enrique Bernardo Núñez; La casa de cartón (1928) de Martín Adán; Un año (1935) y Ayer (1935) de Juan Emar; Débora (1927) de Pablo Palacio; Museo de la novela de la Eterna (1925/1967) de Macedonio Fernández. Leemos las nuevas modalidades de representación como una forma de contestación a los modos de representación de la novela realista del siglo 19, aún en vigencia en el siglo 20. Para mostrar las diferentes maneras en que estas novelas reflejan los cambios en la experiencia, hemos organizado los capítulos en función de demostrar el alejamiento del realismo y la progresiva incursión de las tecnologías de inscripción. La tecnología de medios aparece, en primer lugar, representada como tema o bien de manera sutil en descripciones de la percepción de los personajes. Luego, en segundo lugar, la tecnología aparece de manera más explícita, afectando las modalidades de representación y la cualidad misma de la escritura, acentuando el giro metanarrativo con el cual la novela de vanguardia disuelve la diégesis propia de la novela realista. Finalmente, la preocupación de la vanguardia por los medios se dirige al sustrato material de la novela, el libro impreso, cuya desaparición abre la posibilidad de otras formas de inspiración. Así, a través de un estudio sobre las vanguardias latinoamericanas podemos reflexionar sobre el efecto de la tecnología en la formación de la experiencia y también sobre la relación entre experiencia y formas de representación.

Os media modernos e alternativos têm vindo a tomar um papel cada vez mais central nas eleições, em particular nas eleições dos Estados Unidos da América. Nos dias de hoje, as redes sociais têm um lugar proeminente nas campanhas eleitorais norteamericanas, particularmente na última campanha presidencial. As campanhas eleitorais tornaram-se numa espécie de laboratório que desenvolve aplicações políticas que são transferidas para políticas pós-eleitorais e estabelecem novas normas para a política de media em subsequentes campanhas. Este tipo de media tem vindo a ganhar destaque com o eleitorado como principal fonte de informação, no que toca as campanhas eleitorais, apesar de grande parte do eleitorado ainda utilizar a televisão como fonte principal de informação. Estes trouxeram ainda alterações ao modo como as campanhas se organizam, o modo como a cobertura dos media é feito, assim como influenciou o envolvimento do eleitorado. Sendo que, grande parte dos adultos norte-americanos recebe as notícias através de meios digitais. Esta nova era digital não trouxe somente vantagens, a estas acoplou-se as fake news. Estas são artigos de notícias criados intencionalmente falsos, ainda que este facto seja facilmente verificável, que podem, de um certo modo enganar os eleitores. Este tipo de notícias é mais barato e mais fácil de fornecer do que as suas homólogas. As fake news não podem somente ser consideradas em relação à sua forma ou conteúdo, mas também em relação às infraestruturas mediadoras, plataformas e culturas participativas que auxiliam na sua proliferação. Isto porque os artigo contendo estórias desapegadas da realidade tornam fake news somente quando alcançam um grande público que as conteste, sinalize e desminta. Para combater a rápida difusão das fake news vários atores partilharam a sua contribuição ou intenção de contribuir de modo a travar o avanço desmesurado destas. Dentro destes atores encontram-se plataformas digitais, tais como as redes sociais, os meios de comunicação tradicionais, diversos projetos de pesquisa que procuram monitorizar conteúdos falsos e vários governos.
Modern and alternative media are taking an increasingly central role in elections, particularly in the United States elections. Now-a-days social networks have a prominent place in American election campaigns, particularly in the last presidential campaign. Election campaigns have become a kind of laboratory that develops political applications that are transferred to post-election policies and set new standards for media policy in subsequent campaigns. This type of media has been gaining prominence with the electorate as the main source of information when it comes to election campaigns, even though a large part of the electorate still uses television as the main source of information. They have also brought changes to the way campaigns are organised, the way media coverage is done, as well as influenced the involvement of the electorate. With most American adults receiving the news through digital media. This new digital era has not only brought advantages, but also fake news. These are news articles created deliberately false, even if the facts are easily verifiable, which can in a way mislead voters. This kind of news is cheaper and easier to provide than its counterparts. Fake news can not only be considered in relation to its form or content, but also in relation to the mediating infrastructures, platforms and participatory cultures that help in its proliferation. This is because articles containing stories detached from reality make fake news only when they reach a large audience that contests, signals and denies them. To combat the rapid spread of fake news, several actors have shared their contribution or intention to contribute in order to halt their disproportionate advance. Within these actors are digital platforms such as social networks, traditional media, various research projects that seek to monitor fake content and various governments.