Academic literature on the topic 'American National Bank'
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Journal articles on the topic "American National Bank"
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Schwartz, David. "Coin, Currency, and Constitution: Reconsidering the National Bank Precedent." Michigan Law Review, no. 118.6 (2020): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.118.6.coin.
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Mitchener, Kris James, and Matthew Jaremski. "The Evolution of Bank Supervisory Institutions: Evidence from American States." Journal of Economic History 75, no. 3 (2015): 819–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050715001126.
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We use a novel data set spanning 1820–1910 to assess the factors leading to the creation of formal bank supervisory institutions across American states. We show that it took more than a century for all states to create separate agencies tasked with monitoring the safety and soundness of banks. State legislatures initially pursued cheaper regulatory alternatives, such as double liability laws; however, banking distress at the state level as well as the structural shift from note-issuing to deposit-taking commercial banks and competition with national banks propelled policymakers to adopt costly and permanent supervisory institutions.
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Zumello, Christine. "Finance and politics in the USA: From National City Bank to Citigroup — An American bank or a world bank?" Society and Economy 29, no. 3 (2007): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/socec.29.2007.3.3.
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Horton, Lynn. "Is World Bank “Good Governance” Good for the Poor? Central American Experiences." Comparative Sociology 11, no. 1 (2012): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913310x505623.
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Abstract This paper explores the World Bank’s concept of “good governance” as applied in rural Central America. It argues that World Bank good governance seeks to constrain unequal accumulation and privilege in the public sector, but leaves largely unaddressed structural inequalities in the private sector and the conflation of economic and political power in the public sector. This paper suggests that the World Bank analysis does not adequately consider more embedded state/civil society relations linked to national and sub-national political cultures. In contexts in which nation-building projects have promoted forms citizenship linked to more activist “leveling” and paternalistic states, good governance is likely to be ideologically contested. World Bank good governance under these circumstances is unlikely to quell discontent or naturalize the neoliberal state.
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Graebner, William. "Gateway to Empire: An Interpretation of Eero Saarinen's 1948 Design for the St. Louis Arch." Prospects 18 (October 1993): 367–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004956.
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In 1948, a unanimous jury awarded the $40,000 first prize in the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Competition to a design team headed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen. Competitors had been charged with memorializing Thomas Jefferson, his Louisiana Purchase, and the expansion of the American nation by creating a national park and monument on the West bank of the Mississippi River at St. Louis.
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Serhan, Amira, and Heba Gazzaz. "The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Employee Performance in Saudi Arabia Banking Sector." Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 25, no. 116 (2019): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v25i116.1791.
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Saudi Arabia’s banking sector plays an important role in the country’s development as it is among the leading sectors in the financial sector. Considering, two main Saudi banks (The National Commercial Bank and Saudi American bank), the present study aims to observe the impact of emotional intelligence on employee performance. The components of emotional intelligence affecting employee performance include self-management, relationship management, self-awareness, and social awareness. A quantitative methodology was applied to analyse the survey results of 300 respondents over the period from 2018 to 2019. The results show that there was a significant positive impact of self-management, self-awareness, and relationship management on employee performance. However, in the Saudi banking sector, there was no impact on social awareness on employee performance.
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Fávero, Luiz Paulo Lopes, Marco Aurélio dos Santos, and Ricardo Goulart Serra. "Cross-border branching in the Latin American banking sector." International Journal of Bank Marketing 36, no. 3 (2018): 496–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-01-2017-0003.
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Purpose Branching is not the only way for foreign banks to enter a national market, and it is impractical when there are informational and cultural barriers and asymmetries among countries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of cross-border branching in the Latin American banking sector, a region with regulatory disparity and political and economic instability, offering elements to a grounded strategic decision. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data from six Latin American countries. To account for the preponderance of zero counts, classes of zero-inflated models are applied (Poisson, negative binomial, and mixed). Model fit indicators obtained from differences between observed and estimated counts are used for comparisons, considering branches in each region established by banks from every other foreign region of the sample. Findings Branching by foreign banks is positively correlated with the population, GDP per capita, household disposable income, and economic freedom score of the host country. The opposite holds for the unemployment rate and entry regulations of the host country. Originality/value Few paper address cross-border banking in emerging economies. This paper analyzes cross-border branching in Latin America in the context of the current financial integration and bank strategy. Econometrically, its pioneering design allows modeling of inflation of zeros, over-dispersion, and the multilevel data structure. This design allowed testing of a novel country-level variable: the host country’s economic freedom score.
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Antropov, V. V. "Multilateral Development Banks in the World Economy: Business Specifics and Prospects for Cooperation with Russia." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 1 (2019): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-1-98-109.
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The subject of the researchis the functioning of multilateral development banks in the world economy and prospects for their cooperation with Russia.The relevanceof the problem is due, firstly, to the need to make a revision of the Russian policy of cooperation with international financial organizations so as to use their practices in programs of socioeconomic transformations and expand the country’s presence in the global economy, and, secondly, to the availability of huge resources accumulated by the largest multilateral banks with prospects of their use for the domestic economy modernization.The purpose of the researchwas to consider the business specifics and prospects of cooperation of multilateral development banks with Russia with a focus on investment activities carried out by the World Bank divisions and three multilateral development banks — the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank — that are analyzed in terms of their functions at the regional level and in the world economy. The paper gives an assessment of the current state of Russia’s cooperation with multilateral development banks and examines its prospects.It is concludedthatRussia needs to develop an understanding of its own position with regard to the activities of the above organizations and build a cooperation system that would contribute to the realization of its national interests and be in line with the country’s economic development policies.
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Cogan, Jacob Katz. "Representation and Power in International Organization: the Operational Constitution and its Critics." American Journal of International Law 103, no. 2 (2009): 209–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20535148.
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In 2005, when James Wolfensohn announced that he would not seek a third term as president of the World Bank, few doubted that another United States national, the choice of the U.S. president, would take his place. Each of the previous eight presidents of the bank had been an American, dating back to the international financial institution's establishment in 1946,and despite private and public grousing by some over the Bush administration's eventual choice of Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz as Wolfensohn's successor, the appointment was never truly in jeopardy. When the bank's executive directors met to elect a new president, the vote was a foregone conclusion—not because the United States holds a majority of votes itself (it does not), but because a longstanding informal agreement between the United States and the bank's western European stakeholders prescribed that outcome.
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Pritchard, Colin, Sam Porters, Emily Rosenorn-Lanng, and Richard Williams. "Mortality in the USA, the UK and Other Western Countries, 1989–2015: What Is Wrong With the US?" International Journal of Health Services 51, no. 1 (2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420965130.
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This population-based study compares U.S. effectiveness with 20 Other Western Countries (OWC) in reducing mortality 1989–1991 and 2013–2015 and, responding to criticisms of Britain’s National Health Service, directly compares U.S. with U.K. child (0–4), adult (55–74), and 24 global mortality categories. World Health Organization Age-Standardized Death Rates (ASDR) data are used to compare American and OWC mortality over the period, juxtaposed against national average percentages of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Expenditure on Health (%GDPEH) drawn from World Bank data. America’s average %GDPEH was highest at 13.53% and Britain’s the lowest at 7.68%. Every OWC had significantly greater ASDR reductions than America. Current U.S. child and adult mortality rates are 46% and 19% higher than Britain’s. Of 24 global diagnostic mortalities, America had 16 higher rates than Britain, notably for Circulatory Disease (24%), Endocrine Disorders (70%), External Deaths (53%), Genitourinary (44%), Infectious Disease (65%), and Perinatal Deaths (34%). Conversely, U.S. rates were lower than Britain’s for Neoplasms (11%), Respiratory (12%), and Digestive Disorder Deaths (11%). However, had America matched the United Kingdom’s ASDR, there would have been 488,453 fewer U.S. deaths. In view of American %GDPHE and their mortality rates, which were significantly higher than those of the OWC, these results suggests that the U.S. health care system is the least efficient in the Western world.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "American National Bank"
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Weinberg, Marina. "Back to national development| State policies and indigenous politics in Northwestern Argentina." Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612851.
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<p> This dissertation contributes to debates on processes of state formation and their relationship to indigenous policies and politics in Argentina. It analyzes and compares two major political economic configurations of the state: the neoliberal from 1989 to 2001, and the so-called "post-neoliberal" from the 2001 national crisis to the present. The study analyzes anthropologically how these two state models shaped strategies concerning the indigenous population that reflected specific political and economic orientations and interests; and conversely, the ways in which indigenous peoples have experienced continuities and variations between the two periods, as well as the changing indigenous' strategies resulting from these political fluctuations. While much has been written on the nature of the post-neoliberal state in indigenous regions for the Bolivian case and Ecuador, the Argentine experience has been largely overlooked, due perhaps to the strong state-led homogenizing tradition which has obscured the country's multiethnic character. If we assume that we are indeed witnessing a change of epoch in some Latin American nations, and that there is an evident process of recovery of state functions, the novelty and contribution of this dissertation will be to explore not only the nature of those claims but also to expand on de Sousa Santos' proposal: Which kind of state is back? (de Sousa Santos 2010). Which are the characteristics of this novel state model? To what extent it is it actually (and entirely) "new" or if it is taking/using elements, strategies and procedures of the prior neoliberal phase. And if so, which elements of neoliberalism still persist in this new political era and which ones are different from that period. Finally, this dissertation contributes to the bottom-up perspective, while analyzing the state considering societal mediators, societal actors that interface with the state. This inclusion allows us to observe in a very detailed manner the ways in which these actors shape and negotiate hegemony and state from below, while also being part of the state structure.</p>
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Tzegaegbe, Jacob. "Moving America forward: lessons from the Eisenhower Interstate System applied to a National Infrastructure Bank." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47685.
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The objective of this thesis is to outline steps that the Obama Administration could take to help pass legislation for an innovative funding mechanism known as a National Infrastructure Bank (NIB). The recommended steps are based on a historical analysis of the leadership provided by Presidents Roosevelt and Eisenhower when passing the original bills that authorized the Interstate system. Key policy recommendations include: framing the need for an NIB as a means of economic growth and natural disaster resilience, building strategic stakeholder support through education, and engaging and compromising with Congress while developing the NIB proposal. If successfully applied, these lessons can contribute to enabling the creation of an NIB that would increase infrastructure investment by billions of dollars while rehabilitating the struggling economy and transportation network.
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Pozzer, Marcio Rogerio Olivato. "Políticas públicas para o patrimônio cultural na América Latina: a experiência brasileira e equatoriana e o papel do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-09102012-101928/.
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As reformas orientadas para o mercado realizadas no Brasil e no Equador a partir da década de 1980 e de 1990 diminuíram os gastos públicos e os recursos humanos das organizações nacionais de patrimônio cultural. Para suprir a demanda por tais recursos, surgiu, na arena política do patrimônio cultural, o agente financeiro internacional. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação busca compreender a relação de poder e as formas como são feitas as escolhas políticas entre os órgãos de patrimônio nacionais e a instituição multilateral que financia diversas políticas públicas culturais. Para tanto, partiu-se da experiência de dois países latino-americanos, o Brasil e o Equador, analisando em que medida os órgãos nacionais desobrigaram-se da realização das políticas públicas para o setor, sofrendo ingerência dos organismos financeiros internacionais. Estabeleceu-se como objeto de estudo três organizações o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID), o Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), no Brasil, e o Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural (Instituto de Patrimônio Cultural) (INPC), no Equador e recorreu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, bem como a entrevistas com gestores dos órgãos estudados. Confirmou-se a hipótese de que o processo de enfraquecimento das instituições nacionais de patrimônio cultural contribuiu decisivamente para que se retirasse, progressivamente, o poder de decidir, executar e avaliar políticas públicas de preservação do patrimônio cultural dos domínios do Estado. Entretanto, não se confirmou que as decisões se transferiram para organismos internacionais, mas sim para a iniciativa privada, buscando tornar os órgãos nacionais voltados àquele fim meros chanceladores de decisões tomadas fora deles. Verificou-se, ainda, que o processo de desmonte das instituições nacionais de patrimônio cultural brasileira e equatoriana se reverteu nos últimos anos com os governos dos presidentes Luis Inácio Lula da Silva e Rafael Corrêa, repercutindo, inclusive, na condução das políticas públicas financiadas pelo BID para o setor.<br>The market-oriented reforms carried out in Brazil and Ecuador from the 1980s and 1990s diminished the public expenses and the human resources in the national organizations of cultural heritage. In order to meet the demand for those resources, the international financial agent has come up in the arena of cultural heritage policy. In this context, this thesis aims at understanding the power relation between the national heritage organs and the multilateral institution, which supports several policies of cultural heritage, as well as the ways they choose their policies. To do so, starting with the experiences from two Latin American countries, Brazil and Ecuador, an analysis was held in order to determine to what extent the national organs relieved themselves of accomplishing the public policies for the sector, which caused them to undergo interference by the international financial organs. As the object of study, three organizations were chosen: the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (National Institute of Artistic and Historical Heritage) (IPHAN), in Brazil, and the Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural (National Institute of Cultural Heritage) (INPC), in Ecuador. The research has used related literature, documentary and field research, as well as interviews with the managers of the organs in study. The hypothesis confirmed was that the process of weakening of the national institutions of cultural heritage has contributed decisively to deprive, progressively, the power to decide, implement and evaluate public policies for the preservation of cultural heritage of the State domains. However, it has not been proved that the decisions had been transferred to international organs; rather, to the public initiative, seeking to turn the national organs focused on preservation of heritage into mere chancellors of the decisions made apart from them. It has also been observed that the process of dismantling the Brazilian and Ecuadorian national institutions of cultural heritage was reversed in the last years during the government of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva and Rafael Corrêa, echoing, also, in the conduct of public policies for the sector sponsored by the IDB.
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Green, Bart. "The Association of Smoking with Low Back Pain in Adult Americans: Analysis of the 2012 National Health Interview Survey." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1967.
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Back pain is a chronic disease epidemic and the most common chronic painful condition in Americans. It is associated with human suffering and enormous financial and social burdens. Smoking is a prevalent and harmful health behavior and is the greatest modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Cigarette smoking is associated with back pain, but there is little research on this relationship among adults in the United States. Using biopsychosocial theory, this study examined (a) the prevalence of back pain (dependent variable) among smokers, former smokers, and never smokers (independent variable), and (b) the influence of age, sex, race, body mass index, level of physical activity, level of education, depression, and anxiety on predicting the likelihood of back pain. This cross-sectional secondary analysis of the 2012 National Health Interview Survey included over 34,000 respondents and utilized chi-square distribution, t test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression analysis. People who self-reported being anxious or worried, had been diagnosed with depression by a health care provider, were current or former smokers, obese, or failed to meet recommended levels of physical activity were more likely to have back pain. This study has implications for social change in the United States because it shows that anxiousness, depression, smoking, obesity, and low physical activity are risk factors for back pain in Americans. Further, it indexes the need for primary studies of the relationship between smoking and back pain to determine whether smoking is causal for back pain. These studies could lead to public health interventions that develop strategies to prevent back pain and thereby alleviate some of the social burden associated with this common and costly ailment.
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Randall, Chandalar. "Relation of health behaviors to gardening among the Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32543.
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Master of Science<br>Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources<br>Candice A. Shoemaker<br>Low fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and low physical activity (PA) levels are linked to increased risk of chronic diseases such as overweight and obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. American Indians/Alaska Natives (NA) seem to be even more susceptible to these chronic diseases when compared to the general United States (U.S.) population, though little research has been conducted on smaller NA tribes. Gardening has been shown to increase vegetable consumption and be a means of PA. The purpose of this study was to see if gardeners of the Prairie Band Potawatomi Tribe (PBPN) in Kansas were more likely to have positive health indicators than non-gardeners. The objective was to discover if PBPN gardeners were more likely than non-gardeners to eat the daily recommended amount of fruit (2 servings) (Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, 2015a), eat the daily recommended amount of vegetables (3 servings) (Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, 2015b), meet the weekly recommended amount of PA (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009), perceive their health to be good, and determine if PBPN gardeners meet the weekly recommended amount of PA through gardening activities. Surveys were utilized to gather gardening and health information for PBPN tribal members. Data was coded and descriptive and contingent statistical analyses were performed. Gardeners were more likely than non-gardeners to eat the daily recommended amount of vegetables, the daily amount of both FV, and meet all FV and PA recommendations. Most gardeners met PA recommendations through gardening activities. Gardeners were not more likely than non-gardeners to eat the daily recommended amount of fruit, meet the recommended amount of PA, or to perceive their health as good. Encouraging gardening seems promising as a means of encouraging healthy lifestyles.
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LaRoque, Kent A. "The 1934 Indian Reorganization Act and Indigenous Governance: A Comparison of Governance of Santa Clara Pueblo and the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Nations — 1991 – 2000." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33849.
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Native American communities are continually impacted by Federal Indian policy. Over one-half of all Native American nations function politically under the provisions of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act (IRA). There are claims that many of these Native American communities experience intra-tribal conflict due to the lack of congruence between the tribal governments formed under the IRA and cultural traditions of governance. This claim was investigated via a comparative trend analysis of the Santa Clara Pueblo, operating politically under the IRA provisions, and the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, operating under a constitutional form of governance outside of IRA provisions. After an historical analysis, an evaluation of tribal constitutions, and an examination of news media coverage for the period of 1991 – 2000, the project concluded that the legacies of the IRA are not the primary causal agent of intra-tribal conflict.<br>Master of Arts
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Simpson, Audra. "To the reserve and back again : Kahnawake Mohawk narratives of self, home and nation." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84681.
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This dissertation investigates the social and cultural contours of citizenship and nationhood of Kahnawake Mohawks. The central question that I seek to answer is "What other narratives of nationhood and citizenship are there than those of membership in the American or Canadian states?" Mohawks and other Iroquois nations have long asserted their ideological, and in the case of some, economic independence from the governments of Canada and the United States. My multi-sited research illustrates that this historical assertion is more than rhetoric; it is also a practice or " praxis," as Mohawks configure citizenship across the imposed borders that separate their reserves from cities and states from states. This dissertation engages contemporary theories of nationhood, historical and contemporary ethnographic literature on the Iroquois, as well as contemporary literature in political theory and policy to examine the gendered and sometimes racialized contours of Indigenous nationhood and citizenship across borders. Kahnawake Mohawk narratives and the choices that they entail have implications for the way that all "post-colonial" nationals attempt to imagine and construct their place and their membership within and beyond the boundaries of their communities and that of the state.
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Laurent, Caroline. "The impact of gaming on Minnesota tribal nations : the case of the Mille Lacs band of Ojibwe, 1976-2016." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H050.
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Ces trente dernières années témoignent de changements significatifs en terre indienne depuis l'arrivée des casinos amérindiens. Le travail présenté ici se concentre sur une tribu du Minnesota, la tribu des Ojibwe de Mille lacs, et étudie son évolution depuis 1991, date de l'ouverture de son premier casino. L'histoire du jeu indien aux États-Unis et la situation d'autres tribus du Minnesota sont aussi présentées afin de donner davantage de profondeur à l'argumentation qui démontre que le jeu indien a eu un impact conséquent non seulement sur les conditions de vie des tribus, mais aussi sur leur souveraineté et leur force. Les choix tribaux incluent le recrutement de lobbyistes et d'avocats efficaces qui promeuvent les droits tribaux à la fois au niveau législatif (au Congrès américain) et au niveau judiciaire maintenant que les tribus peuvent se défendre avec des moyens décuplés. Les taux de chômage et de pauvreté ont baissé sur de nombreuses réserves, et les tribus donnent la priorité à l'éducation, en construisant de nouvelles écoles, à la santé, avec de nouvelles cliniques, et à la préservation culturelle (stages de langue, musées, centres culturels). Malgré la menace d'assimilation que les casinos représentent, ils ont donné aux tribus les moyens d'être plus autonomes dans leurs choix et les ont aidées à redéfinir leur identité contemporaine. En trois décennies, les casinos ont créé une nouvelle image de l'Amérique indienne<br>The past thirty years have seen significant changes taking place in Indian Country following the advent of Native American casinos. This work focuses on one Minnesota tribe, the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, and studies its evolution since 1991, when its first casino opened. The history of Indian gaming in the United States and the situation of other Minnesota tribes are also presented to give more depth to the argumentation which demonstrates that gaming has had a substantial impact not only on the living conditions of tribal people, but also on Native American sovereignty and strength. Tribal choices include the hiring of efficient lobbyists and lawyers to promote tribal rights bath on the U.S. legislative level (Congress) and on a judiciary one now that tribes can defend themselves through effective means. Unemployment and poverty levels have dropped on many reservations, and tribes give priority to education, through the building of new schools, health, with new clinics, and cultural preservation (language tables, museums, cultural centers). Despite the assimilative threat casinos represent, they have empowered tribes to be more autonomous in their choices and helped them redefine their contemporary identity. In three decades, gaming has created a new representation of Native America
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Brait-Poplawski, Lucimara. "Armutsverständnis im Wandel : eine Rekonstruktion der Armutsforschung und eine gerechtigkeitsbegründete Darstellung der Armutskonzeption der CEPAL und der Weltbank von 1948 bis 2008 /." Frankfurt, M. ; Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien : Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99769369X/04.
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Bistline, Michael E. "An examination of major works for wind band : "National emblem march" by Edwin Eugene Bagley ed. by Frederick Fennell, "On an American spiritual" by David Holsinger, "Portraits" by Jim Colonna, "Serenade, Op. 22 (c)" by Derek Bourgeois." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1648.
Full textBooks on the topic "American National Bank"
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Newcomen Society of the United States. and First National Bank of West Chester (West Chester, Pa.), eds. The First National Bank of West Chester. Newcomen Society of the United States, 1998.
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Peavy, Ambrose. The Last National Bank: Foreclosure of the American dream. Martin & Byrd Books, 1985.
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Puckett, Judith. The Fairfield National Bank: A heritage of progress. The Bank?], 2003.
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Ginn, Edwin H. The first hundred years: A history of the American National Bank of Brunswick. Glover Printing Co., 1989.
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Martin, Antoine. Costly banknote issuance and interest rates under the U.S. national banking system. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2000.
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Mercer, Martha Jones. Lasting legacies: H.S. Denniston and the American National Bank & Trust Company of Mobile, Alabama. Churchill Publications, LLC, 2000.
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Echeverría, Ruben G. Institutional change and effective financing of agricultural research in Latin America: Findings of a workshop organized by the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank, Buenos Aires, August 1995. World Bank, 1996.
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Mayer, Robert Stanley. The influence of Frank A. Vanderlip and the National City Bank on American commerce and foreign policy, 1910-1920. Garland Pub., 1987.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance. Closing of Freedom National Bank: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, December 18, 1990. U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
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Edmond, Safra, and American Express Company, eds. Vendetta: American Express and the smearing of Edmond Safra. HarperCollins Publishers, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "American National Bank"
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Zimmermann Robiatti, Raphael. "The National Development Bank Governance Index." In National Development Banks in South America. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34728-4_3.
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Zimmermann Robiatti, Raphael. "Theoretical Framework." In National Development Banks in South America. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34728-4_2.
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Zimmermann Robiatti, Raphael. "Economic-Financial Performance." In National Development Banks in South America. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34728-4_4.
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Zimmermann Robiatti, Raphael. "Consequences vs. Appropriateness." In National Development Banks in South America. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34728-4_6.
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Zimmermann Robiatti, Raphael. "Conclusion." In National Development Banks in South America. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34728-4_7.
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Zimmermann Robiatti, Raphael. "Development Impact." In National Development Banks in South America. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34728-4_5.
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Zimmermann Robiatti, Raphael. "Introduction." In National Development Banks in South America. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34728-4_1.
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"The national bank system: the American influence, 1870–1881." In Japanese Banking. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511586415.011.
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Podolskaya, Tatiana. "Alternative Financial Integration to Stimulate National Competitiveness." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3856-1.ch009.
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The BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) actively joined in process of transformation of institutes of global financial market's management, having created New Development Bank. This institute according to most of analysts can be considered as potential competitor of the World Bank and as one of elements of so-called system of “parallel institutes”, which as required can become replacement American-centered system of international financial institutions. Progress of newly created New Development Bank in- much will depend on that economic power which will characterize BRICS economies. And a key condition of long-term stable economic growth is availability of global advantages of the BRICS countries. This article is devoted to the analysis of changes BRICS global competitiveness factors.
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Weems, Robert E. "Contested Terrain." In Building the Black Metropolis. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041426.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the “contested terrain” associated with the founding of Chicago’s Douglass National Bank in 1921. Anthony Overton, one of history’s most prominent African American entrepreneurs, is widely regarded as the founder of the second national bank organized by African Americans. Yet, the evidence indicates that this distinction should go to Pearl W. Chavers, a relatively obscure early twentieth-century black business person. The story of Anthony Overton’s ascent and P.W. Chavers’ descent in the Douglass National Bank’s administrative hierarchy reveals the power of money and influence. It also illuminates the nuances of both group and individual entrepreneur-based strategies for African American economic development.
Conference papers on the topic "American National Bank"
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Rodriguez-Hernandez, M. A., I. Rodrigo-Boix, J. Vilar-Palop, and N. Llorca-Domaica. "Preliminary Study of the Communications System for a National Bank of Patients Doses." In 2017 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan-American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gmepe-pahce.2017.7972090.
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Senega, S., L. Reiter, and S. Lindenmeier. "Dual-band scan-phase diversity system for American and European SDARS." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2013.6711296.
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Govin, Deven, Luis Saenz, Grigoria Athanasaki, Laura Snyder, and Panagiotis Polygerinos. "Design and Development of a Soft Robotic Back Orthosis." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6806.
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Chronic back pain is a disorder which affects a large portion of the American population at some time during their lifespan. There are many causes for lower back pain and usually can be an indicator of a serious medical condition. This problem plagues the nation and the world leading to an estimated annual cost for back pain treatment amounts to $50 billion. This problem isn’t isolated to just the United States either, the world at large suffers from back pain and unfortunately modern treatment methods are effective but the technology simply hasn’t progressed in decades. The main drawback appears to be the rigidity of the device, which limits flexibility and comfort. The soft pneumatic actuators of this newfound device have the potential to provide the appropriate applications chronic back pain suffers and post-surgery patients. In this work, the design and development of a soft robotic back orthotic device that has the capability to relieve back pain by assisting patients to fully achieve the upright position and stabilize the lumbosacral spine, is presented. The soft robotic actuators of this device allow the support to be disabled when the patient is in a supported position. Unlike conventional robotic assistive devices, this pneumatically actuated back orthosis provides dynamic support while being lightweight, comfortable, and cost affordable. After testing the device in a laboratory environment, the data overall displays a trend decreasing in EMG activity of the Erector Spinae muscles. This reduced activity leads to a reduction in strain on the patient.
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Hii, N. C., S. J. Wilcox, A. Z. S. Chong, J. Ward, and C. K. Tan. "The Application of Acoustic Emission to Monitor Pulverised Fuel Flows." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80912.
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There are a large number of industrial processes involving the transport of pneumatically conveyed solid including mineral processing, electrical power generation, steel and cement production. For coal-fired power plant, in particular, pulverised fuel (pf) is fed by pneumatic means where coal particles are transported by the primary air from each mill directly into furnace. The distribution of coal particles to each burner bank is normally split mechanically from larger pipelines into a smaller network of pipes connected to each of the burners. Despite the use of matched outlet pipes and riffle devices within the splitters, uneven distribution of the pulverised coal inevitably occurs. Incomplete combustion due to the non-uniform distribution of the pulverised coal between the burner\u2019s feed pipes leads to a reduction in boiler efficiency. This also directly leads to an increase in slagging and fouling in the burner and increased NOx emission from the burner. Measuring can solve this problem and subsequently controlling the mass flow in each burner feed pipe and then adjusting the excess air to operate near the minimum. Over the past ten years or so, there has been increased interest in applying acoustic emission (AE) detection methods for process condition monitoring. The European Working Group for Acoustic Emission (EWGAE), 1985, defines AE as ‘the transient elastic waves resulting from local internal micro displacements in a material’. The American National Standards Institute defines AE as ‘the class of phenomena whereby transient elastic waves are generated by a rapid release of energy from a localised source or sources within a material, or the transient elastic waves so generated’. Therefore, in principle, any impulsive and energy release mechanism within a solid or on its surface, such as plastic deformation, impact, cracking, turbulence, combustion, and fluid disturbances, is capable of generating. Since these mechanisms can be associated with the degradation occurring within a particular process, it follows that AE has great potential in condition monitoring, for example, monitoring of tool wear, corrosion and process monitoring of the pneumatically conveyed solid. Unlike most of the other techniques, AE sensors are non-invasive so that their interruption with the flow within the pipe can be totally avoided. Furthermore, the frequency responses of AE sensors are normally very high (in the order of a Mega Hertz) so that they are immune to low-frequency environmental noises. The use of AE detection techniques is appropriate in this project since the frictional contacts between the flowing particles and the inner wall of the conveying pipe can effectively generate ‘elastic waves’ which propagate through the inner pipe wall and be detected by an AE sensor attached to the outer pipe wall. Consequently, the current research work aims to demonstrate the use of an AE to monitor the flow of particles in a conveying pipe. Preliminary results indicate that AE is generated and is highly repeatable for both variations in velocity for a fixed particle size and also for variations in mass flow rate at a fixed velocity.
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Bixler, N. E. "The Global Nuclear Futures Model: A Dynamic Simulation Tool for Energy Strategies." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22541.
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The Global Nuclear Futures Model (GNFM) is a dynamic simulation tool that provides an integrated framework to model key aspects of nuclear energy, nuclear materials storage and disposition, global nuclear materials management, and nuclear proliferation risk. It links nuclear energy and other energy shares dynamically to greenhouse gas emissions and twelve other measures of environmental impact. It presents historical data from 1990 to 2000 and extrapolates energy demand through the year 2050. More specifically, it contains separate modules for energy, the nuclear fuel cycle front end, the nuclear fuel cycle back end, defense nuclear materials, environmental impacts, and measures of the potential for nuclear proliferation. It is globally integrated but also breaks out five regions of the world so that environmental impacts and nuclear proliferation concerns can be evaluated on a regional basis. The five regions are the United States of America (USA), The Peoples Republic of China (China), the former Soviet Union (FSU), the OECD nations excluding the USA, and the rest of the world (ROW).
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Sozer, Hatice, and Mahjoub Elnimeiri. "Sensitivity Factors in Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) System Cost." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44231.
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Even though PV technology is new and expensive for the building industry today, and regardless of market development and technology advancement, a BIPV system cost can actually be reduced and its application can spread further into the building industry as this paper will manage to show. However, PV systems still have not been accepted by the building industry and consumers yet. According to the results of a survey by the workshop of Building Integrated Photovoltaic for Design Professionals which was sponsored by the National Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the American Institute of Architects (AIA), “a major barrier to analyzing renewable energy systems is assembling and presenting the technical and financial data to persuade a client that a BIPV would make economic sense.” [Wenger and Eiffert, 1996] This paper uses Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) for identifying BIPV system cost components and makes the connection between the findings of LCCA and the design process. It identifies specific quantifiable measures/variables that will be compared with a non-PV integrated building or different PV system applications by using the LCCA method that confirms cost related issues. Calculations of payback period as a result of LCCA gauge the sensitivity of these variables and show how some of them are significantly more important than others in reducing the pay back period. Offering an efficient approach for integration of PV into curtain wall also meets the long-term objective of the satisfaction of the building user.
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Theis, Melissa A., Hilary L. Gallagher, Richard L. McKinley, and Valerie S. Bjorn. "Hearing Protection With Integrated In-Ear Dosimetry: A Noise Dose Study." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-0636.
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Military personnel working in high noise environments can be exposed to continuous noise levels up to 150 dB. United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD) Hearing Conservation Programs (HCPs) [1–3] set safe noise exposure limits to reduce the risk for noise induced hearing loss. These daily noise exposure limits were based on ambient noise levels and the duration of time spent in that noise environment. Current dosimeters, worn on the lapel of personnel and at least one system worn under a hearing protector, were designed to measure noise levels and calculate noise dose, but do not provide a validated measure of noise dose external to or under a hearing protector. Noise dose under hearing protectors can be estimated by subtracting the real ear attenuation (REAT) data, collected in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) S12.6 [4], at each octave band from the ambient octave band noise. This procedure gives accurate results for group data, but does not account for individual variations in effective attenuation. To address this issue, the US Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) led the development of ship suitable in-ear dosimetry integrated into a hearing protector, and co-sponsored an effort executed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to calibrate in-ear noise dose readings. This was accomplished by conducting human noise exposure experiments, with and without hearing protection, which calculated noise dose from temporary threshold shifts (TTS) in hearing. Ten subjects participated in the study. Noise levels were 91, 94, and 97 dB for up to 2 hrs, 1 hr, and 30 minutes respectively. These exposure levels were well within US DoD safe noise exposure guidelines (DoD HCP) [1–3]. Data will be presented describing the open and occluded (protected) ear TTS response to noise dose achieved by subjects in the experiment. Preliminary findings indicate that human subject data is extremely important in developing and validating calibration factors for any type of noise dosimeter but is especially important for in-ear dosimetry. Results from this study demonstrated that the REAT noise dose estimations and the in-ear dosimetry earplugs consistently overestimated the effective noise dose received by subjects. However, more than 10 subjects are required to improve the confidence level of the estimated calibration factor.
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Walker, Andy, Chuck Kutscher, Al Halvorsen, Chris McKenna, Dave Chambers, and Ken May. "Design and Analysis of a Large Solar Industrial Heat Plant for Frito Lay in Modesto California." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36050.
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Industry-specific technology demonstration projects are key to facilitating deployment of solar industrial process heat technologies. Frito Lay North America (FLNA) is pursuing installation of a solar industrial process heat plant at the manufacturing plant in Modesto CA. FLNA contracted with Industrial Solar Technology Corp. for design and installation of the system and with National Renewable Energy Lab for technical assistance. The US Department of Energy and California Energy Commission both facilitate private companies implementation of technology demonstration projects with incentives, tax policy, and technical assistance. The solar plant would include: 5,387 m2 (57,969 sf) of parabolic trough solar collectors; pipe from solar array to unfired steam generator; unfired steam generator (USG); hot water heat exchanger (HWHX); pipe from hot water heat exchanger back to array field; and associated pumps, bypass piping, and controls. Performance of each component of the solar heating system varies with changing conditions of intensity of the sunlight, position of the sun, and ambient temperature. Since each of these parameters change throughout the day and throughout the seasons an hourly simulation of one year’s performance is performed. The simulation is used to estimate annual energy delivery as well as to inform design recommendations. The solar array inlet temperature is solved for iteratively for each hour of the year based on an energy balance of the entire loop including all components. Nested within this iteration are iterations for the operating temperature of each of the 16 modules in series. Hourly direct beam solar radiation (W/m2) data for Modesto CA for 8 years from 1998–2005 was provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Renewable Resource Data Center and the minimum year, average year, and maximum year were used in the analysis. Results indicate that the system would deliver between 3,898 MWh and 4,308 MWh per year (13.3 and 14.7 billion Btu/year) with an average of 4,044 MWh/year (13.8 billion Btu/year). This average estimate of 13.8 billion Btu/year agrees with the contractors proposal and also with methods described in the Industrial Process Heat Handbook published by NREL. The simulation is able to model more detail and inform design recommendations, such as bypassing the steam generator and only making hot water on winter days.
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Nash, Grant S., Jason C. Ross, Basant K. Parida, Abdullatif K. Zaouk, and Swamidas K. (John) Punwani. "Variable Directivity Acoustical Warning Device (AWD) as an Optimized Locomotive Horn." In ASME 2012 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2012-9438.
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It is estimated that up to 9.3 million people may be impacted by locomotive horn noise and up to 4.6 million of those may be severely impacted.1 In 2009, there were over 1,900 incidents, over 700 injuries, and over 240 fatalities at highway-rail grade crossings.2 Approximately 4,000 times per year, a train and highway vehicle collide at one of over 262,000 public and private highway-rail grade crossings in the United States. Compared to a collision between two highway vehicles, a collision with a train is eleven times more likely to result in a fatality, and five and a half times more likely to result in a disabling injury. Approximately half of all collisions occur at grade crossings that are not fully equipped with warning devices. Some of the drivers involved in these collisions may have been unaware of the approaching train.3 The National Academy of Engineering Committee on Technology for a Quieter America has indicated that the public would benefit if a train horn was more directional and has recommended that research and development be undertaken to better understand the effects on safety, with benefits to the public.4 As a part of an ongoing Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)-sponsored research and development effort, the authors have developed an Acoustical Warning Device (AWD) prototype with an overall goal of maximizing safety at a grade crossing and minimizing environmental noise pollution (at the wayside and in the cabin of a locomotive in reducing railroad worker occupational hazard noise exposure). An initial prototype was created that consisted of one acoustical element. An advanced prototype is currently being developed with three acoustical elements to provide variable directivity and steering capabilities through beamforming. A digitized horn signal has been created based on characteristics from an analog air-pressure locomotive horn. The initial AWD prototype has been analyzed for detectability and noise impact area and the directivity pattern of its sound emissions have been tested. The expected performance of the advanced three-unit prototype has been evaluated based on the test results of the initial prototype and acoustic simulation modeling. During development of the initial AW D prototype, spectrograms, polar directivity plots, frequency response plots, 1/3-octave band plots, and LAeq measurements of the AWD propagation were analyzed to ensure proper functionality of the AWD, in accordance with FRA and QinetiQ North America’s (QNA) specifications. Based on acoustic simulation modeling, the advanced AWD prototype is expected to generate sound up to 110 dBA at 100 feet forward of the locomotive. The AWD prototype is expected to improve detectability and reduced environmental noise exposure to the community and locomotive cabin.
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Elisabeth, Adriana. "Pengembangan Teknologi Roket." In Seminar Nasional Kebijakan Penerbangan dan Antariksa II. In Media, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/p.sinaskpa.ii.2.
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Mengacu pada pesawat antariksa yang mampu mencapai deep space melampaui bulan, planet Mars dan sistem solar atau Orion oleh Lembaga Antariksa Amerika Serikat atau National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), terdapat tiga pelajaran penting yang dapat diambil oleh Indonesia terkait pengembangan teknologi roket nasional: pertama, pengembangan teknologi roket merupakan proses panjang dan berkesinambungan, kedua, pengembangan teknologi roket beserta inovasinya memerlukan dukungan dan ketersediaan dana yang sangat besar, ketiga, pengembangan teknologi perlu ditopang oleh sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang menguasai teknologi roket secara tepat dan juga berbagai keahlian bidang ilmu pengetahuan lain.Untuk mendukung teknologi antariksa, Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 2017 tentang Rencana Induk Penyelenggaraan Keantariksaan. Urgensi pengembangan teknologi antariksa nasional selain perlu segera direalisasikan, juga bersifa jangka panjang. Hal ini terutama berhubungan dengan pembangunan konektivitas dan koordinasi antarsektor, penataan terpadu lembaga riset dan pengembangan teknologi roket nasional. Science and technology driven di bidang roket harus menjadi prioritas pembangunan nasional, karena ini berhubungan langsung dengan pembangunan sektor maritim, keselamatan jalur perdagangan dan pelayaran, pertanian terkait perubahan iklim, dan lain-lain. Selanjutnya, strategi pengembangan teknologi satelit nasional perlu memperhatikan pendekatan lingkungan dan dampak sosial bagi masyaraka lokal (environmental and social impact assessments), di mana pendekatan ini sebaiknya dilakukan secara terpadu. Sejalan dengan urgensi untuk mengembangkan teknologi satelit nasional, beberapa tantangan yang akan dihadapi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia antara lain terkait komitmen politik Pemrintah yang belum sepenuhnya difokuskan pada pengembangan teknologi ini. Kedua, masalah anggaran riset dan pengembangan yang relatif terbatas. Ketiga, pemahaman masyarakat Indonesia yang relatif minim, bahkan sebagian menentang. Keempat, fokus bisnis masih terbatas pada pemanfaatan belum pada investasi di bidang teknologi canggih untuk membangun kehidupan yang lebih baik.
Reports on the topic "American National Bank"
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Chaparro, Rodrigo, Maria Netto, Patricio Mansilla, and Daniel Magallon. Energy Savings Insurance: Advances and Opportunities for Funding Small- and Medium-Sized Energy Efficiency and Distributed Generation Projects in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002947.
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The Energy Savings Insurance Program seeks to promote investment in energy efficiency and distributed generation in Latin America, primarily through small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It focuses on developing an innovative scheme of guaranteed energy performance that mitigates project risk and generates investor confidence (ESI Model). The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) facilitates the development of the ESI Program in alliance with the National Development Banks (NDBs). The ESI Model includes a contract for the supply, installation, and maintenance of equipment for generating a stipulated amount of energy or energy savings over a specific time period; validation by an independent body; insurance coverage that backs the savings or the guaranteed energy generation; and project financing. This paper describes the main attributes of the ESI Model (the contract, the insurance, validation and financing), evaluates market potential and the most attractive technologies, and identifies the priority sectors for implementing projects in Chile. The most promising economic sectors were found to be the hospitality industry, food processing industry, grape growing/wine production, and the fishing industry, and the technologies of electric motors, boilers, air conditioning systems and photovoltaic solar generation. In each of these sectors, estimates were made of financing requirements as well as CO2 emission reductions that could be achieved.
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Gómez Vidal, Analía, Fabiana Machado, and Darcia Datshkovsky. Water and Sanitation Services in Latin America: Access and Quality Outlook. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003285.
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Tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to evaluate how far the water and sanitation sector is from achieving these targets, and to guarantee that the solutions and strategies implemented get everyone closer to them. But this is not a simple task. To truly assess collective progress towards achieving SDG 6 (and all other goals), it is fundamental to count on standardized measures that help track all types of access, their reliability, and their quality. Existing data tend to lack comparability across sources and locations because they rely on different definitions and categories. Samples are often not representative of all groups within the population. More developed areas are more likely to collect data, which results in the overrepresentation of groups that enjoy better services. Still in some areas and for some categories of information data is not available at all. In response to these challenges, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) partnered with the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to gather nationally representative and comparable data in 18 countries in the region. The goal of this effort was to provide an initial outlook of the current landscape of water and sanitation services in the region, using two batteries of questions in the LAPOP questionnaire for the 2018-2019 wave. The main message that arises is that the Latin American and the Caribbean region faces a wide range of challenges, that vary both across and within countries. Some areas face the primary challenge of closing access gaps, while others display higher deficiency in service quality, such as continuity. The gaps in quality of services, in particular, are not clearly perceived by users. In general, levels of satisfaction with the services received is quite high among the population, much higher than warranted by the objective measures of service quality. This raises important issues for accountability in the sector. If users are mostly satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is unlikely they will pressure governments and utilities to improve service delivery. A more in-depth analysis is required to understand the reasons behind these opinions and possible ways to raise awareness.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.
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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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NDC Invest Bulletin: Vol. 4, January 2021. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002964.
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The IDB Group supports the region through nature-based in Central America to address development challenges which are exacerbated by climate change. With a portfolio of about US $ 200 million, the Bank supports the design and implementation of REDD strategies focused on protection and management sustainable forest, value chain support and climate finance resource mobilization. These programs support countries to meet not only commitments under their NDCs, but also with national development priorities.
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Study of the Impacts of Climate Change on the Women and Men in the Caribbean: Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002937.
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This report aims to provide an overview of the gender and climate resilience nexus in the Caribbean and provide gender-inclusive recommendations for climate resilience programmes in the region. This report has been developed within the context of the Caribbean Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR) to support gender mainstreaming into the regional and national programme activities. Specifically, the report seeks to: Understand how men and women participate in climate resilience programmes and how gender inequalities are exacerbated by climate change impacts in the sectors covered by the PPCR. Identify institutional arrangements and good practices for integrating gender equality concerns in Caribbean climate resilience programmes. The audience for this report is PPCR stakeholders (e.g. executing agencies, implementing partners, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) country office teams) and project teams in the Caribbean seeking to mainstream gender into climate resilience projects in the future.
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2020 Partnership Report: Partnerships in a Time of Transformation. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003221.
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In 2020, the Inter-American Development Bank kicked off the new decade faced with a novel, unprecedented challenge: the COVID-19 pandemic. Fortunately, as the IDB Group sought to help the region's governments and companies navigate the social, economic, and health-related implications of this crisis, it did so with the support of a robust partnership network and a track record of collaborating with partners to amplify its impact. In 2020, the IDB Group was able to further leverage partnerships in this period of great transformation, continuing its efforts to advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and confront the new obstacles generated by the pandemic in partnership with governments, companies, philanthropic actors, academic institutions, and others. The pages of this report provide greater insight into these efforts, revealing partnerships to be an unrivaled tool for transforming challenges and uncertainty into opportunities for growth.