Journal articles: 'American Pharmacists Association'

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Divine, Holly S. "Understanding ADA Education Program Recognition and the Pharmacist’s Role." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 22, no. 6 (March 16, 2009): 591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190009333159.

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Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease with costly humanistic and clinical outcomes. Pharmacists have proven their value in the provision of diabetes education and management services that lead to improvement in disease. A primary barrier to pharmacists’ providers has been compensation for services. Although pharmacists are not recognized as providers by most nationally recognized payers, pharmacists can serve as instructors through diabetes self-management education programs accredited by the American Diabetes Association. These accredited programs are recognized by Medicare and can receive payment for diabetes self-management education services. Newly revised national standards have further recognized the role of a pharmacist educator and have made it more attainable for pharmacies to achieve program recognition status.

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Dering-Anderson, Allison M., Madeline E. Blaha, and Judith L. Neville. "Defining the Role of the Advanced Pharmacy Technician: Perspective Dissonance." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 36, no. 6 (August 8, 2020): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122520947637.

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Background: Pharmacy technicians serve as pharmacist extenders. Attempts at advancing their practice have not been as rapid as the profession would prefer. We postulated that a barrier to this advancement is lack of agreement between pharmacists and technicians on how advancement should occur and on what it means. Objective: The objectives were to evaluate the differences in definitions and expectations of “technician advancement” between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians as potential impediments to advancement. Methods: Multimodal: An initial questionnaire for pharmacy technicians was collected during the American Association of Pharmacy Technicians Annual Convention to identify major topics for further survey. From those data, a survey was developed to ask pharmacists and pharmacy technicians about “technician advancement.” Surveys were provided to technicians in seminar settings; to members of the Nebraska Pharmacists Association; and via online platforms such as Facebook. Additionally, face-to-face targeted interviews were conducted with pharmacy technicians attending American Association of Pharmacy Technicians conventions and with the pharmacy technician and pharmacist leaders at the Nebraska Pharmacists Association. Results: Responses show that pharmacists’ expectations for advancing the practice of pharmacy technicians and the expectations of the technicians themselves vary widely. A notable finding is that 96% of all technicians responding see technician payment as a significant issue in advancement, while less than 4% of pharmacists commented on rate of pay. Conclusion: While both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians are hopeful for pharmacy technician role advancement, there is substantial disagreement about the definition of advancement that may be a barrier to the process.

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Bazzell, Brian, Sarah Kelling, Heidi Diez, and Kristin Klein. "Identifying Opportunities for Improvement in Safety and Efficacy of Community Pharmacy Immunization Programs." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 32, no. 4 (February 27, 2018): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190018761410.

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Objective: To identify opportunities to improve safe and effective immunization delivery in community pharmacies. Methods: Pharmacy managers from chains in Michigan were interviewed about their company’s immunizations programs. A survey regarding immunization training, quality assurance measures, pharmacist comfort level immunizing different patient populations, and resources used in practice was distributed to community pharmacists throughout Michigan. Results: Most pharmacists (88.8%) confirmed they received American Pharmacists Association immunization training and felt they followed the guidelines outlined in that training course very well. No routine reassessment of immunization technique was reported. In a minority of respondents, some issues were identified: (1) not being up-to-date on cardiopulmonary resuscitation certification as required by state law (7.1%), (2) lack of awareness of location of emergency kit (4.2% for epinephrine, 13.5% for diphenhydramine), and (3) feeling uncomfortable immunizing children (51% for children <7 years). Conclusion: To address quality control issues identified in the survey, we recommend chain pharmacies incorporate credential checks into annual pharmacy training requirements. Pharmacists may benefit from immunization-related continuing education requirements. State pharmacy organizations may want to take the lead in developing the material to ensure that it is timely and abides by state and federal laws.

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Kalman, Samuel H. "American Pharmacists Association Foundation: A Catalyst for Change." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 45, no. 6 (November 2005): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/154434505774909571.

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Powers, Mary F., Folasade O. Akala, Diane M. Cappelletty, Jessica J. Shimman, Megan A. Kaun, Kevin A. Capurso, and Toyin S. Tofade. "A Practical Approach for Training Pharmacists and Pharmacy Students to Prevent Disease by Immunizations." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 22, no. 5 (January 6, 2009): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190008329782.

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Immunization provides an important means for preventing communicable diseases. In recent years, administering immunizations has become part of contemporary pharmacy practice. Some view pharmacist-administered immunizations as a significant advance in the practice of pharmacy for providing care to patients. In Ohio, pharmacists may administer immunizations and pharmacists are not required to notify the patient’s physician or the local health department. There is a need for pharmacy students to obtain immunization certification so they are prepared for practice in the pharmacies of today. Including a training program for pharmacy students as immunizers is consistent with the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Center for the Advancement of Pharmaceutical Education Educational Outcomes 2004. The objective of this article is to describe an immunization certification program for pharmacists and pharmacy students based on the requirements of Ohio Law and guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Program structures for certification programs for pharmacists and pharmacy students are described and include an immunology review, a review of specific immunization medications, a review of aseptic technique, administration techniques, proper disposal procedures, accidental needle sticks, and basic life support training. Teaching methodologies are identified and methods of assessment for mastery of the course elements are listed.

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Hertig, John B., Shannon M. James, Connor J. Hummel, and Matthew J. Rubin. "Evaluation of pharmacists’ awareness of illegal online pharmacies and perceived impact on safe access to medicines." Medicine Access @ Point of Care 5 (January 2021): 239920262110056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23992026211005642.

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Background: An estimated 95% of all online pharmacies operate unlawfully. Illegal online pharmacies distribute substandard and falsified medical products that may result in patient harm and suboptimal treatment, leading to an overall mistrust of medications, healthcare providers, and health systems. As medication experts, pharmacists are trusted to guide patients in selection of safe and effective medication therapy. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine gaps in knowledge and recognition of the negative clinical and safety impacts associated with illegal Internet pharmacies by licensed pharmacists. Methods: A 37-question electronic survey was developed and distributed to pharmacists across the United States by email via a database from the American Pharmacists Association. Descriptive statistics was utilized to analyze data. Results: A total of 347 pharmacists from across the United States responded to at least one question in the survey. In all, 58% of pharmacists reported a lack of confidence in their ability to counsel patients on the identification of illegal pharmacy websites. Fewer than 60% of pharmacists were able to accurately identify the legitimacy of a webpage based on visual characteristics. In addition, 75% of pharmacists reported being unfamiliar with resources available to help consumers identify safe and legitimate online pharmacies. Conclusion: Integration of the topic into pharmacy education curricula, training on available resources, and additional research into the prevalence and impact of illegal pharmacy websites are necessary to ensure that pharmacists and other healthcare professionals are adequately prepared to protect their communities from the threat of illegal online pharmacies.

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Tanne, Janice Hopkins. "American Medical Association fights pharmacists who won't dispense contraceptives." BMJ 331, no. 7507 (June 30, 2005): 11.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7507.11-b.

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Strong, Delaney M., and Kevin T. Fuji. "A Descriptive Study Examining Trends in Pharmacist-Authored Original Research Publications in the Journal of the American Medical Association Network from 2000 to 2019." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010040.

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Pharmacists are expected to participate in the conduction of research to advance the profession and health care broadly. Additional opportunities for pharmacist research engagement have emerged with the increased integration of clinically trained pharmacists into interprofessional care teams. Research conducted over the past four decades has demonstrated an increasing trend of pharmacist-authored publications in medical journals. The purpose of this study was to build upon this work and investigate trends in pharmacist-authored original research publications within the JAMA Network over the past 20 years. A descriptive study design was used to retrospectively evaluate trends in the numbers of pharmacist-authored publications and authorship within those publications in nine JAMA Network journals. Data were aggregated into ten-year time periods (2000–2009 and 2010–2019) and compared using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Overall, pharmacist-authored publications significantly increased over the ten-year period (2.0% to 3.0%, p < 0.001), including in five specific journals: JAMA, JAMA Dermatology, JAMA Neurology, JAMA Ophthalmology, and JAMA Surgery. There was no change in first—and senior-authored publications. While the overall pharmacist publication trend was positive, room for significant growth remains. A deeper understanding of the barriers and facilitators to pharmacist engagement in research is needed, along with strategies to enhance pharmacist research training.

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Misita, Caron P., Andrea B. Boosinger, and Michael G. Kendrach. "Bioterrorism Web Sites for Pharmacists." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 1 (January 2003): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c275.

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OBJECTIVE To identify Internet Web sites for ease of accessibility to bioterrorism-related information, comprehensive provision of bioterrorism-related information, and provision of bioterrorism information that specifically pertains to the pharmacy profession. DATA SOURCES Web sites of national pharmacy organizations, US government agencies, and medical organizations, as well as Web sites related to bioterrorism. DATA SYNTHESIS Pharmacists need access to relevant bioterrorism information in a timely manner. An evaluation of Web sites was performed to identify those that include a discussion of the potential infectious microorganisms and prevention and treatment methods, as well as unique features for pharmacy practice. RESULTS The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and American Pharmaceutical Association Web sites provide pharmacy-specific recommendations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides biological agent information and health department contact numbers. Additional agent-specific data are provided by the American Medical Association, The Johns Hopkins University, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web sites. Information addressing food safety is provided by the FDA. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacy-specific bioterrorism information is available only at selected national pharmacy organization Internet Web sites. However, other Web sites provide comprehensive bioterrorism information useful for pharmacists.

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Fabiilli, Nicole A., and Mary F. Powers. "Roles for Pharmacy Technicians in Medication Reconciliation During Transitions of Care." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 33, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122516680621.

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Objective: To provide an overview of medication reconciliation and to identify opportunities for pharmacy technicians to help improve patient safety and quality of care. Data Sources: Articles were identified through searches conducted in May 2016 by means of MEDLINE/PubMed (2000-2016) using search terms designed to identify English-language articles describing the role of the pharmacy technician, medication reconciliation, and transitions of care. Additionally, resources on medication reconciliation were used from The Joint Commission, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, American Pharmacists Association, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles describing the role of the pharmacy technician, medication reconciliation, and transitions of care. Data Synthesis: Pharmacy technicians can help pharmacists perform medication reconciliation by taking on 3 specific roles in the process: obtaining preadmission medication history, obtaining relevant patient information from outpatient pharmacies and health care providers, and documenting the compiled medication list. Pharmacy technicians can help resolve discrepancies in medication lists, therefore improving patient care, the ability of pharmacists to communicate with physicians, and thus to clinically intervene in patient care. Furthermore, with proper training, pharmacy technicians may take on expanded roles designed to aid pharmacists with advanced patient care services to eliminate medication discrepancies and improve transition of care. Conclusions: Pharmacy technicians can play a vital role in helping pharmacists to obtain accurate patient medication histories in order to decrease medication discrepancies at transitions of care.

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Worthen, Dennis B. "Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association(1996–2002) and Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2003–2011)." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 52, no. 1 (January 2012): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/japha.2012.12504.

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Woelfel, Joseph, Edward Rogan, Rajul Patel, Winnie Ho, Hong Nguyen, Emily Highsmith, Claire Chang, Nhat-Thanh Nguyen, Morgan Sato, and Daniel Nguyen. "Administration, Billing, and Payment for Pharmacy Student-Based Immunizations to Medicare Beneficiaries at Mobile Medicare Clinics." Pharmacy 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7010022.

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Training student pharmacists to administer vaccinations requires a substantial investment in vaccines, supplies, and time. Few schools of pharmacy seek out or receive any reimbursement for the provision of vaccines, despite the fact it is a covered service. This study sought to implement, deliver, and demonstrate an innovative, financially sustainable curriculum-based immunization program by trained pharmacy students as part of their experiential learning. Thirty-nine community health clinics targeting Medicare beneficiaries were conducted throughout Northern/Central California during Medicare’s fall open enrollment periods between 2014–2016. American Pharmacists Association (APhA)-trained student pharmacists (under licensed pharmacist supervision) administered 1777 vaccinations. Vaccines were billed via a secure Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)-compliant web-based portal. The total net income was $11,905 and $8032 for 2015 and 2016, respectively. Return on investment was greatest for the influenza vaccine > Tdap > pneumococcal. Pharmacy students are already being trained to provide immunizations and can utilize their skills to deliver financially viable public health programs.

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Gans, John A. "William I. Higuchi, PhD—An Appreciation From the American Pharmacists Association." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 97, no. 1 (January 2008): a10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.21299.

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Powers, Mary F., and David R. Bright. "Pharmacy Technicians and Medication Therapy Management." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 24, no. 6 (November 2008): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250802400604.

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Background: Although cognitive services have become more widely accepted among pharmacists since Medicare Part D provided a benefit to allow for billing of services, not all pharmacists have incorporated services into their practices. Objective: To identify opportunities for pharmacy technicians to aid pharmacists in medication therapy management (MTM). Methods: Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE/PubMed (1950–July 2008) and review of MTM resources from the American Pharmacists Association. Articles describing medication therapy management and pharmacy technicians were included. Results: As the pharmacy profession embraces extensive patient counseling in the form of MTM, many aspects of the practice of pharmacy need to evolve to ensure MTM program success. Time constraints limit the ability of pharmacists to handle administrative tasks and represent a major barrier to MTM program implementation. Technicians can do some of the work to reduce this barrier. With proper training, technicians can assist pharmacists in the tasks that do not require the professional judgment of a pharmacist, freeing pharmacists to focus on clinical activities and enabling an MTM program to be more sustainable. For example, technicians can help in areas such as scheduling and patient reminders through phone calls. Medication histories and health histories can also be documented by technicians, as can chart construction, filing, and the documentation of release forms and health histories. Additional steps can be taken to further increase efficiency in the MTM process and include creation of a flow map and cross training of all pharmacy staff. Conclusions: Through developing new roles, technicians can help pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care and develop a successful MTM program.

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Lee, Sun, Nancy Dao, Micah Hata, and Anandi Law. "Credentialing in Pharmacy Practice: Examining Pharmacist Views and Perceptions." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 10, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v10i4.2099.

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Introduction: Pharmacy practice has evolved to include direct patient care and interprofessional team models. Proper documentation of training and certification is required to verify eligibility for providing specialized services and for reimbursement. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess pharmacists’ views and perceptions on credentialing with respect to (1) familiarity and perceived importance of credentialing; (2) satisfaction with current credentialing tracking systems; and (3) challenges in adopting a centralized credentialing platform. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional, survey design to examine pharmacist perceptions of credentialing. The survey, distributed by the American Pharmacists Association from November 18, 2017 to December 2, 2017, consisted of 11 demographic items and 22 items about familiarity, importance, satisfaction and current systems of credentialing in pharmacy practice. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and outcome variables. Content analysis was conducted on freeform responses. Results: Data were analyzed from 446 (7.3%) completed surveys of the 6,144 distributed. Respondents were primarily represented by pharmacists from chain stores (29.6%), outpatient clinics (16.6%), and academic settings (15.2%). Job titles included staff pharmacist (33.9%), clinical pharmacist (21.3%), and manager positions (18.3%). Nine of 10 pharmacists reported familiarity with credentialing and considered credentialing as important to the pharmacy profession. Majority agreed with the importance of having a centralized online platform to store credentialing information (96.1%) and to obtain reimbursement (97.1%). Poor integration of data among different platforms (16%) was a common reason for dissatisfaction with current tracking systems. Most respondents (96.5%) were willing to provide information necessary for credentialing; however, over half were concerned about security of the information. Conclusions: This study was among the first to examine pharmacist perceptions of credentialing. Pharmacists in this study were familiar with and responsive to participating in credentialing process. They were also supportive of having a centralized credentialing system, but held reservations about security of information. Article Type: Original Research

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Dixon, Dave L., Teresa M. Salgado, Lauren M. Caldas, Benjamin W. Van Tassell, and Evan M. Sisson. "The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension guideline and opportunities for community pharmacists." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 58, no. 4 (July 2018): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2018.04.027.

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Davis, Courtney S., Leigh Ann R. Ross, and Lauren S. Bloodworth. "The Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Integration on a Collaborative Interdisciplinary Diabetes Management Team." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, no. 3 (February 17, 2016): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190016631894.

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Objective: The national initiative, Project IMProving America’s Communities Together (IMPACT): Diabetes, was intended to scale a proven American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Foundation process model, which integrates pharmacists on the collaborative health-care team, in communities greatly affected by diabetes to improve key indicators of diabetes. This article discusses the results from 1 community in Mississippi. Methods: This national prospective study followed patients with a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >7% from September 2011 to January 2013. Pharmacists collaborated with providers and other health-care professionals to provide medication therapy management services for a minimum of 3 visits. Outcome measures included HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting cholesterol panel, body mass index (BMI), influenza vaccine and smoking status, and foot and eye examination dates. Results: At this site, there were statistically significant outcomes including mean HbA1c decrease of 1.2% in SBP and DBP of 8.3 mm Hg and 3.5 mm Hg, respectively, and reduction in low-density lipoprotein of 16.6 mg/dL, all of which were greater improvements compared to overall results from combined sites. Conclusion: Patients in this community who received care from the collaborative team, including a pharmacist, had improvement in most key indicators of diabetes, with a clinically significant reduction in HbA1c.

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Bond, C. A., Michael E. Pitterle, and Cynthia L. Raehl. "Evaluation of Recent Pharmacy Graduates' Practice Patterns, Professional Lifelong Learning, Pharmacy Organization Memberships, and Salary." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 28, no. 1 (January 1994): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809402800103.

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OBJECTIVES: To document information on recent bachelor of science (B.S.) pharmacy graduates' practice patterns, professional lifelong learning (PLL) methods, pharmacy organization memberships, and salary. The association between advanced training and education on PLL methods, pharmacy organization membership, and salary are explored. DATA SOURCES: Pertinent literature was identified by MEDLINE searches (1966–1992). STUDY DESIGN: The results of a Fall 1991 survey of recent B.S. pharmacy graduates (n=371) of the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy are reported (55 percent response rate). RESULTS: Hospital pharmacists devoted more time to PLL outside of work (l8.00 ± 17.89 h/mo) than community pharmacists (9.93 ± 8.76 h/mo), t=5.02, degrees of freedom (df)=289, p <0.001. Graduates who had completed an advanced degree program, residency, or fellowship (advanced degree/training [ADT]) spent more time in PLL (17.76 ± 10.63 h/mo) compared with graduates who had only obtained a B.S. degree (10.63 ± 8.56 h/mo), t=3.80, df=311, p<0.001. Graduates who had ADT were more likely to belong to multiple pharmacy organizations (2.14 ± 1.38 organizations) than hospital pharmacists (1.61 ± 1.27 organizations) and community pharmacists (l.ll ± 1.06 organizations). Of the pharmacists who graduated in 1989 and 1990 (one to two years postgraduation), 55 percent belonged to the American Pharmaceutical Association. This declined to 19 percent of the graduates from 1984 and 1985 (six to seven years postgraduation), a 62 percent decline in membership. Membership in the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) was held by 19 percent of graduates one to two years after graduation; and 34 percent of graduates belonged to ASHP six to seven years after graduation, an 81 percent increase. Graduates with ADT (compared with graduates with the B.S. degree only) showed the strongest correlation of membership affiliation, which was about equal with ASHP (phi=0.32) and ACCP (phi=0.33). Although pharmacists changed their individual pharmacy organization memberships during the first seven years after graduation, there was no evidence of a decline in overall interest in pharmacy organization membership. Pharmacists who had completed ADT had an annual mean salary of $51 112 ± $10 012; those pharmacists who did not complete an ADT program had an annual mean salary of $46 440 ± $7802, a difference of $4672 per year. Hospital pharmacists who had obtained ADT had an annual mean salary of $51 840 ± $9765; B.S. pharmacists without ADT in hospital practice had an annual mean salary of $43 603 ± $8192, a difference of $8237 per year. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists' PLL methods, organization memberships, and salaries varied significantly by their practice site and the completion of an ADT program.

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Askin, Debbie Fraser. "What’s Happening in the Bigger World of Publishing: A “Heads-Up”." Neonatal Network 25, no. 4 (July 2006): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.25.4.227.

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THE BUSINESS OF PUTTING TOGETHER A JOURNAL THAT is relevant, interesting, and scholarly has become increasingly more challenging and complex. Pressure from funding agencies to make government-sponsored research results freely accessible, the increasing movement towards online access to articles, and a general need to attend to the bottom line in a shrinking market for print journals, has resulted in two troubling events that I would like to share with you. The details of the first, the severing of ties between the American Journal of Nursing (AJN) and the American Nurses Association (ANA), are outlined in the accompanying letter that was sent to ANA by members of the International Association of Nurse Editors. In the second case, the editor-in-chief and the senior deputy editor of the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), the journal of the Canadian Medical Association (CMA) were fired in February of this year. The reason for the firing—editorial freedom. The editors of the CMAJ commissioned a story on women’s experiences in obtaining the morning-after pill from pharmacies in Canada. When the Canadian Pharmacists Association heard about the story, they complained to the publisher of CMAJ who asked the editors to withhold the story.1 The editors chose to publish a negotiated revision but were fired for irreconcilable differences.2

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Garst, William C., and Donna Berardo. "The American Pharmaceutical Association: A Lens for Viewing Pharmacists (From Compounders to Therapeutic Judges)." Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996) 40, no. 1 (January 2000): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31037-3.

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Semple, Diarmaid, Erika Brereton, and Ian Dawkins. "P52 A baseline review of the activity of the PICU pharmacists using electronically captured data." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): e34.1-e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.61.

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AimTo date there are no metrics for the clinical pharmacist service to PICU. It is accepted that use of a Clinical Information Management System (CIMS) has a role in medication safety,1 however there are few studies that review the information potential of a CIMS for collecting pharmacist activity.2MethodAdditional fields and custom reports were configured in the CIMS to enable PICU pharmacists to record their activity in the following areas:Medicines reconciliation within 72 hours of admission to PICUDischarge kardex reviewAnalgesia and sedation (A&S) reviewClinical pharmacy reviewOther interventions & medication error reporting continued as per normal practice. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel®.ResultsComplete data was available from July 2017 to end of 2018.There were 1274 medicines reconciliations by a pharmacist within 72 hours of admission (78% admissions). 14% of discharge kardexes had been reviewed prior to discharge to the ward. There was an average of 190 pharmacy reviews per 100 bed days. A total of 780 Pharmacist A&S Plans were documented by the clinical pharmacists – an average of 2 per working day, and 48% of admissions.Comparisons between each six month period showed a significant increase in the number of pharmacists medicines reconciliations (p<0.001). No other differences were found.ConclusionThis study has shown that electronic tracking of pharmacist ward activity is possible. It has the potential to demonstrate compliance with external or internal standards and audits. This data continues to be collected, and therefore these results will be used as a baseline to compare future activity. The findings of this study may encourage other units to replicate, providing data that can be used for comparison. Further configuration of the CIMS to capture other metrics such as TDM, and document discrepancies in medicines reconciliation is planned.ReferencesForni A, Chu H, Fanikos J. Technology Utilization to Prevent Medication Errors. Current Drug Safety. 2010;5:13–18.Nelson S, Poikonen J, Reese T, El Halta D, Weir C. The pharmacist and the EHR. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2016;24:193–197.Health and Information Quality Authority. Guidance for health and social care providers; Principles of good practice in medication reconciliation. Dublin: HIQA; 2014

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Owens, Christopher T., and Ralph Baergen. "Pharmacy Practice in High-Volume Community Settings: Barriers and Ethical Responsibilities." Pharmacy 9, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9020074.

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Pharmaceutical care describes a philosophy and practice paradigm that calls upon pharmacists to work with other healthcare professionals and patients to achieve optimal health outcomes. Among the most accessible health professionals, pharmacists have responsibilities to individual patients and to public health, and this has been especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacists in high-volume community settings provide a growing number of clinical services (i.e., immunizations and point-of-care testing), but according to job satisfaction and workplace survey data, demands related to filling prescriptions, insufficient staffing, and working conditions are often not optimal for these enhanced responsibilities and lead to job dissatisfaction. Professional codes of ethics require a high level of practice that is currently difficult to maintain due to a number of related barriers. In this paper, we summarize recent changes to the scope of practice of pharmacists, cite ethical responsibilities from the American Pharmacists Association Code of Ethics, review data and comments from workplace surveys, and make a call for change. Corporate managers, state boards of pharmacy, and professional organizations have a shared responsibility to work with community pharmacists in all settings to find solutions that ensure optimal and ethical patient care. Attention to these areas will enhance patient care and increase job satisfaction.

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Weber, Wendy. "Report of the President, American Pharmacists Association Academy of Pharmacy Practice and Management (APhA-APPM)." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 56, no. 2 (March 2016): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2016.02.005.

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Ryan, Melody. "Report of the President, American Pharmacists Association Academy of Pharmaceutical Research and Science (APhA-APRS)." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 56, no. 2 (March 2016): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2016.02.006.

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Dirks-Naylor, Amie J., Carrie L. Griffiths, Jacob L. Gibson, and Jacqueline A. Luu. "The prevalence of exercise prescription-related course offerings in United States pharmacy school curricula: Exercise is Medicine." Advances in Physiology Education 40, no. 3 (September 2016): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00070.2016.

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Exercise training has proven to be beneficial in the prevention of disease. In addition, exercise can improve the pathogenesis and symptoms associated with a variety of chronic disease states and can attenuate drug-induced adverse effects. Exercise is a drug-free polypill. Because the benefits of exercise are clear and profound, Exercise is Medicine, a joint initiative between the American Medical Association and American College of Sports Medicine, was launched in 2007 to call on all health care providers to counsel patients and prescribe exercise in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease states. Pharmacists play an increasing role in direct patient care and are the most accessible health care providers in the community. Thus, pharmacists should be knowledgeable in counseling patients on the frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise that is appropriate for various conditions and disease states. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of didactic course offerings in United States pharmacy school curricula regarding training in exercise prescription. School websites were accessed for information regarding course offerings in PharmD programs. No United States pharmacy schools offered courses that were dedicted to the role of exercise in disease prevention or exercise prescription in disease management. Ninety percent of pharmacy schools did not offer courses with the keywords “exercise,” “fitness, or ”physical activity“ in the title or description. The data suggest that student pharmacists are not adequately trained to counsel patients on the benefits of exercise or exercise prescription.

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Thomas, Kelan, and Andrew J. Muzyk. "Surveys of substance use disorders education in US pharmacy programs." Mental Health Clinician 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2018.01.014.

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Abstract Introduction: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant US health problem affecting roughly 20 million Americans, but there continues to be limited access to SUD treatment and inadequate addiction medicine training. Therefore, it is important to understand how SUD education is being delivered to US health professionals, including pharmacists. Methods: A recent survey of US pharmacy programs' neuropsychiatry curricula was evaluated to identify any progress made toward increasing SUD education since the last national survey in 2004 and determine any remaining gaps between what is currently being taught and American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) curricular guidelines for SUD education updated in 2010. A survey of psychiatric pharmacists, regarding what they thought should be taught, was also evaluated and compared with the 2010 AACP curricular guidelines. Results: Our survey of US pharmacy programs demonstrated that 94% of programs reported teaching SUD content in 2014-15, which has increased from 81% reported in a survey study from 2004. There was also an increase for average hours of SUD didactic instruction, which increased from 2.2 hours in 2004 to 2.7 hours in 2015. The majority of members (84%) recommended at least 2 hours of SUD instruction, and 27% recommended teaching ≥4 hours. Discussion: There was an overall increase in SUD instruction, but the average hours taught still falls short of 2010 AACP curricular guideline recommendation suggesting ≥4 hours. Furthermore, a majority of the psychiatric pharmacists we surveyed did not agree with the AACP curricular guideline recommendation because only 27% of members recommended ≥4 hours of SUD instruction, and the average hours recommended was only 2.7 hours.

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Chamoun, Nibal, Ulfat Usta, Lamis R. Karaoui, Pascale Salameh, Souheil Hallit, Patricia Shuhaiber, Anna-Maria Henaine, Youssef Akiki, Rony M. Zeenny, and Katia Iskandar. "Current Trends in Hospital Pharmacy Practice in Lebanon." Hospital Pharmacy 55, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578718823733.

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Objectives: For decades, the role of hospital pharmacists has been instrumental in elevating pharmacy practice worldwide. Recently, the Hospital Pharmacy Section of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), the European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP), and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) updated their statements about the future role and responsibilities of the pharmacy executive in hospitals and health systems. A series of surveys were conducted around the globe to better understand the current state of hospital pharmacy practice. The purpose of these surveys was to identify challenges in hospital pharmacy practice and to develop improvement strategies. The objective of this national survey is to evaluate hospital pharmacy practice in Lebanon. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed among pharmacists working in hospital settings in Lebanon, from January through June 2016. Based on a literature review, a questionnaire to elicit Lebanese hospital pharmacists’ practice was developed. Results: The results showed a nonsignificant difference between university teaching and nonuniversity teaching hospitals in the processes of drug procurement, preparation, dispensing, and drug administration. However, statistically significant differences were observed between university teaching and nonuniversity teaching hospitals with respect to having clinical pharmacists ( P < .001) and highly qualified personnel ( P < .005). Pharmacy services in teaching hospitals seemed to be more advanced cooperating with affiliated medical schools. Furthermore, teaching hospitals were more likely to have pharmacists providing information about the safety of the medications used ( P = .029). Although not statistically significant, there was a higher trend toward having a designated champion for medication safety ( P = .052). Conclusion: The results of our survey showed that teaching hospitals were more compliant with the International Statements of Hospital Pharmacy Practice compared with nonteaching hospitals. There is room for improvement especially if the application of the accreditation standards for safe hospital pharmacy practice becomes mandatory for all hospitals, which is expected to standardize pharmacy practice and secure both medication and patient safety.

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Alkhateeb, Fadi M., and Jackie Truong. "Truong H, Bresette JL, and Sellers JA. The Pharmacist in Public Health: Education, Applications, and Opportunities. American Pharmacists Association; 2010, 537pp, $54.95 (hardback), ISBN 9781582121307." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 76, no. 6 (August 10, 2012): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe766118.

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Pleasants, Roy, and Robert M. Tighe. "Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 53, no. 12 (July 7, 2019): 1238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028019862497.

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Objective: Provide information for pharmacists on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and its treatment. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All articles with data from randomized controlled trials of nintedanib or pirfenidone were reviewed. Data Synthesis: IPF is a progressive and ultimately fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by decline in lung function and worsening dyspnea. It is uncommon and mainly occurs in individuals aged >60 years, particularly men with a history of smoking. Nintedanib and pirfenidone were approved in the United States for the treatment of IPF in 2014 and received conditional recommendations in the 2015 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society/Japanese Respiratory Society/Latin American Thoracic Association treatment guidelines. These drugs slow the progression of IPF by reducing the rate of decline in lung function. Their adverse event profile is characterized mainly by gastrointestinal events, which can be managed through dose adjustment and symptom management. Management of IPF should also include smoking cessation, vaccinations, and supportive care such as patient education, pulmonary rehabilitation, and the use of supplemental oxygen as well as optimizing the management of comorbidities. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review provides clinical pharmacists with information on the course of IPF, what can be expected of current treatments, and how to help patients manage their drug therapy. Conclusions: IPF is a progressive disease, but treatments are available that can slow the progression of the disease. Clinical pharmacists can play an important role in the care of patients with IPF through patient education, monitoring medication compliance and safety, ensuring drugs for comorbidities are optimized, and preventive strategies such as immunizations.

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Pepper, Matthew J., Natohya Mallory, T. Nicole Coker, Amber Chaki, and Karen R. Sando. "Pharmacists’ Impact on Improving Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Diabetes Educator 38, no. 3 (April 20, 2012): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721712443291.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate a diabetes education program that includes a pharmacist as a member of the diabetes management team by assessing the change in hemoglobin A1c (A1C), cholesterol, and blood pressure for patients with type 2 diabetes in outpatient clinics. Methods This was a retrospective study in outpatient clinics at Shands Jacksonville Medical Center. The patients were assigned into either the pharmacist group or the nonpharmacist group, according to the presence or the absence of a pharmacist in the clinic. The primary end point was the absolute change in A1C versus baseline. Secondary end points included change in cholesterol and blood pressure and the number of patients to attain American Diabetes Association goals. End points were recorded to correlate within 3 months of the initial visit and final visit with a provider. Results Compared to the nonpharmacist group, patients in the pharmacist group had more advanced and uncontrolled diabetes at baseline. The pharmacist group showed a greater percent change in A1C and improvement between the initial and final clinic visits, after adjusting for baseline confounders. Despite the statistically significant improvement in A1C in the pharmacist group, there was no difference found between the 2 groups for the end points of cholesterol and blood pressure. Conclusion Including a pharmacist as a part of the diabetes management team may result in lower A1C in patients with more advanced and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus versus a health care team without a pharmacist.

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Austin, Mary M. "Importance of Self-care Behaviors in Diabetes Management." US Endocrinology 00, no. 01 (2005): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2005.00.01.16.

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Diabetes educators are healthcare professionals such as nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, exercise specialists, physicians, and social workers, who specialize in diabetes education and who make a significant contribution to the care and management of persons with diabetes. The specialty of diabetes education has advanced to be based increasingly on evidence and focussed on achieving desired outcomes.The emphasis on outcomes-based interventions comes from both the National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education,1which emphasizes program outcomes, and the Standards for Outcomes Measurement of Diabetes Self-Management Education2of the American Association of Diabetes Educators, which focusses on individual patient outcomes as well as the reporting of aggregate patient data.

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Alderman, Chris. "Helping Older People Breathe More Easily." Senior Care Pharmacist 36, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2021.224.

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One important type of clinically significant lung disease that is frequently encountered by pharmacists working in consultant roles is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Data recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggests that about 6% of people from the United States aged 40 years or older report a COPD diagnosis, and a major illness affecting more than 1 in 20 of the nation's population is unequivocally an important public health priority. Moreover, in the same report, high rates of comorbidities such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, heart disease, and cancer are noted, along with increasing emergency department presentations and increasing expenditure on drug therapy used for COPD management.

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Swagerty, Daniel, and Ross Brickley. "American Medical Directors Association and American Society of Consultant Pharmacists Joint Position Statement on the Beers List of Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Older Adults*." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 6, no. 1 (January 2005): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2004.12.019.

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Devine, Patricia. "Doty, R. Getting Started as a Pharmacy Preceptor. Washington, D.C. American Pharmacists Association; 2011, 153pp, $31.50 (paperback), ISBN 9781582121468." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 76, no. 8 (October 12, 2012): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe768162.

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Gattas, Nicole M. "Miller ML. Getting Started in a Pharmacy Residency. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2013, 202pp, $32.50 (softcover), ISBN 9781582121550." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 78, no. 2 (March 12, 2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe78247.

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Sorensen, Todd D. "Report of the 2007 APhA House of Delegates: Actions of the official legislative body of the American Pharmacists Association." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 47, no. 5 (September 2007): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/japha.2007.07519.

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Powers, Mary F. "Recently Approved Medicare Provisions for Prescription Drugs and Medication Management Services." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 21, no. 2 (March 2005): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250502100203.

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Objective: To review recent changes in Medicare affecting the practice of pharmacy. Data Sources: Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE (2003–March 2004), LEXISNEXIS ACADEMIC (2003–March 2004), and LEXISNEXIS CONGRESSIONAL databases (2003–March 2004), using the key words Medicare, pharmacist, pharmacy, and drug costs. Additional references were located through review of the bibliographies of the articles cited and through searches of the Web sites for Medicare, Social Security, and the American Pharmacists Association. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Reports about Medicare and Medicare Part D were selected. Articles describing the history of Medicare and changes that impact pharmacy were included. Data Synthesis: The Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (MPDIMA) provides an optional prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries in 2006 as Medicare Part D. Before its full implementation, eligible Medicare beneficiaries may qualify for a temporary Medicare-approved Drug Discount Card. The prescription drug benefits will be administered by private entities. Other provisions of the MPDIMA affect pharmacy, including a provision for medication therapy management services to ensure that the covered Part D drugs are appropriately used. This will be the first time that Medicare provides for payment of pharmacist-administered patient care services. Conclusions: Recent changes in Medicare provide Medicare beneficiaries with optional coverage for prescription drugs. Full implementation of the Medicare prescription drug benefit will occur in 2006, with an interim Drug Discount Card available through December 2005.

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Reiss, Susan M. "APhA 2011 REMS white paper: Summary of the REMS stakeholder meeting on improving program design and implementation. American Pharmacists Association." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 51, no. 3 (May 2011): 340–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1331/japha.2011.11519.

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Nathan, Edward P. "Case Study: Competitive Advantage at All Costs - An Inside Look at Five Pharmaceutical Industry Practices Which Undermined Customer Relationships." Journal of Management and Strategy 11, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v11n1p7.

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This study attempts to answer the question: Over the past 35 years, what competitive business practices instituted by the pharmaceutical industry intended to drive increased competitiveness and business efficiencies had the unintended results of increasing the publics’ general distrust and dissatisfaction with the industry? This paper takes a unique perspective by analyzing five apparently disparate business practices designed to improve business performance but which also increased customer distrust and dissatisfaction of the industry. Specifically the five business practices were:Reliance on pharmaceutical marketers with MBAs but limited or no practical pharmaceutical selling experience.The loss of independent pharmacies and pharmacists as customers due to the rise in national pharmacy chains.Purchase and use of physician-specific prescribing dataUse of direct to consumer advertising for prescription drugsDelaying generic competition and providing industry support for the Affordable Healthcare Act in exchange for U. S. government prohibition against the importation of low cost prescription drugs into the U.S. and prohibiting negotiated Medicare drug prices.The paper uses a case study methodology. The results section details the practices reviewed in this case study and suggests they did improve competitiveness and efficiencies, but also contributed to erosion in customer confidence which includes key customer groups: physicians, pharmacists, patients and payers. Consumer groups such as American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) are focusing both financial resources and membership efforts to advocate for changes in pharmaceutical industry pricing and marketing practices. To see if this phenomenon has occurred in other industries, it was observed that the airlines, fast food and information technology industries also pursued greater business efficiencies. The discussion section suggests they too experienced and continue to experience significant customer relationship issues resulting from the drive for greater efficiencies, including government intervention to address customer concerns. The conclusions review some of the limitations of this study and suggest areas for additional research.

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Powers, Margaret A., Joan K. Bardsley, Marjorie Cypress, Martha M. Funnell, Dixie Harms, Amy Hess-Fischl, Beulette Hooks, et al. "Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association." Diabetes Care 43, no. 7 (June 8, 2020): 1636–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0023.

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Powers, Margaret A., Joan K. Bardsley, Marjorie Cypress, Martha M. Funnell, Dixie Harms, Amy Hess-Fischl, Beulette Hooks, et al. "Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association." Diabetes Educator 46, no. 4 (June 8, 2020): 350–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721720930959.

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Powers, Margaret A., Joan K. Bardsley, Marjorie Cypress, Martha M. Funnell, Dixie Harms, Amy Hess-Fischl, Beulette Hooks, et al. "Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 60, no. 6 (November 2020): e1-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2020.04.018.

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Powers, Margaret A., Joan K. Bardsley, Marjorie Cypress, Martha M. Funnell, Dixie Harms, Amy Hess-Fischl, Beulette Hooks, et al. "Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association." Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care 47, no. 1 (February 2021): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721720987936.

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44

Shallal, Anita, Evi Abada, Rami Musallam, Omar Fehmi, Linda Kaljee, Ziad Fehmi, Suma Alzouhayli, et al. "Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes among Arab American Healthcare Professionals Living in the United States." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090942.

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Background: Vaccine hesitancy is the next great barrier for public health. Arab Americans are a rapidly growing demographic in the United States with limited information on the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy. We therefore sought to study the attitudes towards the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine amongst Arab American health professionals living in the United States. Methods: This was a cross sectional study utilizing an anonymous online survey. The survey was distributed via e-mail to National Arab American Medical Association members and Arab-American Center for Economic and Social Services healthcare employees. Respondents were considered vaccine hesitant if they selected responses other than a willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Results: A total of 4000 surveys were sent via e-mail from 28 December 2020 to 31 January 2021, and 513 responses were received. The highest group of respondents were between the ages of 18–29 years and physicians constituted 48% of the respondents. On multivariable analysis, we found that respondents who had declined an influenza vaccine in the preceding 5 years (p < 0.001) and allied health professionals (medical assistants, hospital administrators, case managers, researchers, scribes, pharmacists, dieticians and social workers) were more likely to be vaccine hesitant (p = 0.025). In addition, respondents earning over $150,000 US dollars annually were less likely to be vaccine hesitant and this finding was significant on multivariable analysis (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Vaccine hesitancy among health care providers could have substantial impact on vaccine attitudes of the general population, and such data may help inform vaccine advocacy efforts.

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Wigle, Patricia R., and Kim K. Birtcher. "What's New? Guidelines and Goals." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 2 (April 2006): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190006290329.

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Several expert panels have written guidelines regarding the treatment of dyslipidemias. The recommendations from the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP); American Diabetes Association (ADA); American Heart Association (AHA); National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute (NHBLI); and National Kidney Foundation (NKF) will be reviewed. The guidelines agree on several points: using the fasting lipid panel as the initial screening tool, targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) initially, and achieving lower LDL-C goals. Some guidelines are more aggressive than those of the NCEP: the ADA and AHA have defined low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as <50 mg/dL for women; the ADA recommends a need for drug therapy when the patient's total cholesterol, rather than LDL-C, is ≥135 mg/dL for patients who are older than 40 years; the NKF and the AHA have classified patients with chronic kidney disease in the high-risk category; and the AHA has revised the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome to include additional people. More patients are qualifying for lifestyle modifications and medication treatment. A subset of these patients may require combination cholesterol-lowering medications to reach the new goals. Pharmacists will need to keep current with the literature and be knowledgeable about the guidelines to maximize the care given to our patients.

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Birnie, Christine R. "O’Sullivan TA and Albrecht LS. Understanding Pharmacy Calculations, 2nd Edition. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2011, 277pp, $44.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781582120959." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 76, no. 8 (October 12, 2012): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe768163.

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Blahunka, Paul C. "Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS): The Pharmacist's Role." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 9, no. 1 (February 1996): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009600900105.

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The provision of pharmaceutical care to the patient undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important evolving concept. Pediatric resuscitation and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) presents a particularly challenging situation for the practicing pharmacist. Etiologies of pediatric arrests include pulmonary conditions such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and a myriad of accidental factors. Important initial determinations on arriving at a pediatric arrest are described, such as determining the correct weight of the patient, assessing the need for vascular access and/or intubation, and establishing the "code" leader. Recent American Heart Association guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of pediatric ACLS are discussed in detail. Included are recommendations on oxygen delivery, routes of fluid and medication administration, recent changes in epinephrine dosing, and guidelines for the proper use of adjunct medications. A detailed description of a method of using adult emergency drug syringes in the pediatric arrest is provided. Proper use of this method can expedite drug dispensing in an arrest, minimize the potential for needle-stick injury, and optimize the delivery of a patient-specific dose of medication. A "mock code" program is described that includes involvement with pharmacists, nurses, medical residents, and respiratory therapists. This program provides a hands-on role-playing model of a simulated pediatric arrest and serves as a valuable teaching tool for those charged with the responsibility of patient care during an actual arrest. While the ultimate role of the pharmacist in the pediatric arrest continues to be defined, developing the competency to provide pharmaceutical care in this clinical setting can be extremely rewarding. Copyright © 1996 by W.B. Saunders Company

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Jones, Wendy. "Strategies for safety with tools for implementation. Medication Errors, 2nd Ed. Michael R. Cohen, editor. Publisher: American Pharmacists Association; 679 pages: $79.95." Journal of Healthcare Risk Management 27, no. 2 (December 2007): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrm.5600270204.

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Hawkins-Taylor, Chamika, and Angeline M. Carlson. "Pharmacy Practice in the South Dakota Correctional System." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v9i4.994.

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Pharmacists must be prepared to care for populations where health disparities are greatest and their services can best impact public health needs. Such preparation requires that students have access to practice experiences in underserved environments where pharmacy practice, cultural competence and knowledge of population health are experienced simultaneously. The correctional facility is such a place. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists recommends that students receive preceptorship opportunities within the correctional system. The occasional collaboration or experiential opportunity, like Kingston’s early model, has occurred between health professional schools and correctional facilities. However, to date, the correctional facility-experiential site remains an untapped opportunity, at least in a complete, coordinated, pharmaceutical care, patient management framework. Consequently, a short research study asked: To what extent is there potential for correctional facilities to serve as experiential practice sites for pharmacy students? The research objective was to identify pharmaceutical practices within South Dakota correctional system and compare those practices to the guidelines established by the Association of American College of Pharmacy’s as optimal for student training. To understand medical and pharmaceutical practices in SDPS, three South Dakota Adult prison facilities were included in the exploratory study. Data was collected through a mixed methods approach designed to obtain perspectives about the SDPS health care system from individuals representing the numerous job levels and roles that exist within the health care continuum. Interviews and a web-based surveys were used to collect data. A review of a 36-page transcript along with 498 freeform survey comments revealed that while exact themes from the Exemplary Practice Framework may not have been evident, related words or synonyms for patient-centered care, informatics, public health, medication therapy management, and quality improvement appeared with great frequency. Article type: Original Research

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Baker, David M. "Buerki RA, Vottero LD. Pharmacy Ethics: A Foundation for Professional Practice. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2013, 210 pp, $39.95 (softcover), ISBN 9781582121796." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 78, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe78124.

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Journal articles on the topic 'American Pharmacists Association'

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