Journal articles: 'American pit bull terrier'

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de Souza, MC, JR Calesso, B. Cenci, MJL Cardoso, FA Moura, and R. Fagnani. "Kinematics of healthy American Pit Bull Terrier dogs." Veterinární Medicína 66, No. 1 (January 7, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/178/2019-vetmed.

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A visual clinical gait analysis is useful, however, it may overlook small, but important, details about the movement, as well as differences between the normal and pathological locomotion. The branch of mechanics that describes the spatial and temporal components of motion is called kinematics, providing quantitative data regarding linear and angular motion. The objective of this study was to establish kinematic gait data of healthy American Pit Bull Terriers and to contribute to the understanding of the locomotion. We evaluated the articular and pelvic angles, and the spatiotemporal variables for walking and trotting from eleven dogs with no previous history of joint and musculoskeletal diseases. Twenty reflective markers were positioned at the anatomical points of interest. The animals walked and trotted in a linear space, led by the same researcher. The kinematic data were collected through optoelectronic cameras and analysed by motion analysis software. The movements analysed during the gait phases were the flexion, extension, range of motion (ROM), angle at the moment of the support phase, stride length and velocity. Comparing the angles between walking and trotting, there were more expressive differences for the pelvic limb joints. There was no difference between the left and right sides at all of the joint angles of the pelvic limbs during walking and trotting. Therefore, the movement of the pelvic limb is symmetrical in both trotting and walking. Our results present reference values for healthy American Pit Bull Terriers, having clinical relevance for studies of dogs with musculoskeletal diseases.

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HAKTANIR, Damla, Ebru ERAVCI YALIN, Yalcin DEVECIOGLU, Alper DEMIRUTKU, and Aydin GUREL. "Calvarial Hyperostosis Syndrome in an American Pit Bull Terrier." Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 44, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/actavet.2018.009.

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Cardoso, Mauro José Lahm, Maíra Melussi, Ademir Zacarias Junior, Jonathan Claudino, and Rafael Fagnani. "Eletrocardiografia computadorizada em cães da raça American pit bull terrier." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 34, no. 5 (October 17, 2013): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2013v34n5p2341.

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Chrisnanta, Kenan Wisnu, and Arni Diana Fitri. "Tracheotomy pada Anjing American Pit Bull Terrier yang mengalami Vulnus Morsum." ARSHI Veterinary Letters 2, no. 4 (November 24, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avl.2.4.69-70.

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Hemmings, Dominique A., Athema L. Etzioni, Gbemisola Akingbade, and Fredrick E. Tippett. "T-cell lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in an American Pit Bull Terrier." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 34, no. 2 (November 22, 2021): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211061264.

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A 3-y-old, intact female, American Pit Bull Terrier was presented because of acute onset of anorexia and a large subcutaneous submandibular mass that had been present for 3 wk. The submandibular mass, 2 engorged black-legged ticks on the dorsum of the neck, pyrexia, and icterus were seen on physical examination. Abnormal laboratory test results included a positive Anaplasma antibody test, severe thrombocytopenia, mild nonregenerative anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated liver enzyme activities. Cytology of the mass was interpreted as marked septic purulent inflammation with acute hemorrhage. Treatment with doxycycline for anaplasmosis was unsuccessful, and the patient died at an emergency follow-up visit 2 d after the initial presentation. Autopsy and histopathology revealed widespread metastasis of a presumptive histiocytic neoplasm with associated hemophagocytosis seen in lymph nodes (LNs), liver, and spleen. Immunohistochemistry yielded a definitive diagnosis of a CD3+/CD18+ T-cell lymphoma. In this case of canine lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, hemophagocytes were observed as >2% of neoplastic cells in the liver, spleen, and LN histologically, a scarce or unreported finding, to our knowledge. The prognosis was grave, with a short survival time after the onset of clinical signs.

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Kolevská, J., V. Brunclík, L. Bartošová, and M. Svoboda. "Trilostane Treatment of Canine Alopecia X in an American Pit Bull Terrier." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 1 (2007): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776010113.

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This paper describes the case of a one-year-old female American Pit Bull Terrier, presented with the history of progressive baldness. The initial clinical signs were demonstrated by symmetric, primarily non-pruritic alopecia that began in the perineal, genital, and ventral abdominal regions and propagated cranially to the thorax and to the neck. Based on physical and dermatological examination, laboratory findings, and results of skin biopsy, a hormone-responsive dermatosis was diagnosed. Once hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism were ruled out, with the help of hormonal tests, the diagnosis was specified as alopecia X. The first treatment option recommended for the patient and subsequently completed was ovariohysterectomy. After three months, the owner reported improvement; the dog was almost covered with hair. The patient was presented again six months later, showing almost the same dermatological symptoms, which, however, were of a more striking character than before ovariohysterectomy. Again a series of hormonal tests was carried out. Considering the elevated basal and post-adrenocorticothropin stimulation progesterone concentrations, the final aetiology of the disease was determined as an adrenal sex hormone imbalance. Therefore trilostan therapy was initiated. The trilostan dosage of 8 mg/kg/day was divided and given 2 times daily. This treatment led to complete hair regrowth in the dog within four months. No adverse effects associated with trilostane were recognized.

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Ullal, Tarini, Adam Birkenheuer, and Shelly Vaden. "Azotemia and Proteinuria in Dogs Infected with Babesia gibsoni." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 54, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6693.

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ABSTRACT Babesiosis is a hemoprotozoal tick-borne disease that is commonly associated with thrombocytopenia and anemia; however, renal involvement has been documented in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to document azotemia and proteinuria in dogs infected with Babesia sp. and to describe the response to antiprotozoal therapy. The electronic database of the North Carolina State University Vector Borne Disease Laboratory was searched to identify dogs who were diagnosed with babesiosis and to determine if they had proteinuria and/or azotemia. Dogs were excluded if they had coinfections or comorbidities known to cause glomerular injury. Of 35 dogs identified during the initial search, 5 were included; however, only 4 of these dogs had both pre- and posttreatment data. All five dogs were American pit bull terriers or American pit bull terrier-mixed breed dogs, were infected with Babesia gibsoni, and had hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria. Three dogs had azotemia. Responses to antiprotozoal treatment included normalization of (three) or increase in (one) serum albumin, resolution (one) or improvement (one) of azotemia, and reduction in proteinuria (two). Laboratory findings consistent with glomerular disease can be found in Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs, and treatment can lead to improvement of the azotemia and proteinuria.

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Iovenko, A. V., M. Ye Yurchenko, and H. M. Koval. "The spread of dogs’ otitis in Odesa city." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 24, no. 107 (October 21, 2022): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10707.

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Inflammation of the external ear in dogs is a widespread pathology in 20 % of sick animals that come to veterinary medicine clinics. The purpose of the work was to monitor the spread of otitis in dogs for 2021 in Odesa. To solve this goal, several tasks were set: to study the spread of otitis among dogs by breed, age, and sex; to study the spread of Malassezia otitis among dogs; to determine the seasonality of otitis in dogs. The data from the journal of registration of sick animals of the veterinary clinic of Odessa (VetKOiN) served as the material. Data concerning sick animals from the logbook were entered into tables, and statistical analysis was carried out. Dogs of Pugs and Mestizo made up the most significant number of sick animals with otitis (10.4 % each); the French Bulldog breed accounts for 9.1 %, the Pekinese and Labrador breeds – 6.5 % each, the Clamber Spaniel breed – 5.2 %. Such dog breeds as Jack Russell Terrier, Chihuahua, Spitz, German Shepherd, and Cane Corso account for 3.9 %; Bull Terrier, East European Shepherd, and Retriever – 2.6 % each; Grünendal, Husky, Samoyed, Kangal, Dachshund, Scottish Shepherd, Shar-Pei, Bolonka, Beagle, American Cocker Spaniel, Shih-Tzu, Laika, Fox Terrier, Staffordshire Terrier, Pit Bull Terrier, American Bully, Breton, Bernese Mountain Dog, English Bulldog breeds – 1.3 % each. Animals between the ages of 1 and 5 years suffer mostly from canine otitis (64 %) and animals under the age of 1 year suffer less(10 %). Animals older than five years make up 26 %. The gender of dogs is not important in otitis spreading: females account for 49 % of sick animals, and males – 51 %. Malassezia otitis in dogs occurred in 38 % of cases. Dogs of Pug breeds comprised the largest percentage of sick animals (13.8 %), French bulldog and Pekingese breeds – (10.3 % each). The Bull Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, and Chihuahua breed each account for 6.9 %. Otitis was registered every month during the year. An increase in the incidence was observed in April (9.1 %), May (13.0 %), June (7.8 %), July (15.6 %), August (13.0 %), September (10.4 % ) and November (10.4 %). So otitis was more often registered in dogs in the warm season. In the future, the spread, etiology, and most effective treatment regimens of various forms of otitis in dogs will be studied.

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Náhlík, Jan, Petra Eretová, Helena Chaloupková, Hana Vostrá-Vydrová, Naděžda Fiala Šebková, and Jan Trávníček. "How Parents Perceive the Potential Risk of a Child-Dog Interaction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010564.

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Dog attacks on children are a widespread problem, which can occur when parents fail to realise a potentially dangerous interaction between a dog and a child. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of parents to identify dangerous situations from several everyday child–dog interactions and to determine whether the participants connected these situations to a particular breed of dog. Five sets of photographs depicting potentially dangerous interactions from everyday situations between children and three dogs (one of each breed) were presented via an online survey to parents of children no more than 6 years old. Data from 207 respondents were analysed using proc GLIMMIX in SAS program, version 9.3. The probability of risk assessment varied according to dog breed (p < 0.001) as well as to the depicted situation (p < 0.001). Results indicated that Labrador Retriever was considered the least likely of the three dogs to be involved in a dangerous dog-child interaction (with 49% predicting a dangerous interaction), followed by Parson Russell Terrier (63.2%) and American Pit Bull Terrier (65%). Participants considered one particular dog-child interaction named ‘touching a bowl’ a dangerous interaction at a high rate (77.9%) when compared with the other presented situations, which were assessed as dangerous at rates of 48.4% to 56.5%. The breed of dog seems to be an influential factor when assessing a potentially dangerous outcome from a dog-child interaction. Contrary to our hypothesis, interactions involving the small dog (Russell Terrier) were rated more critically, similarly to those of the Pit Bull Terrier. These results suggest that even popular family dog breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, should be treated with more caution.

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Birkenheuer, Adam J., Michael G. Levy, Martha Stebbins, Matthew Poore, and Edward Breitschwerdt. "Serosurvey of AntiBabesia Antibodies in Stray Dogs and American Pit Bull Terriers and American Staffordshire Terriers From North Carolina." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 39, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0390551.

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Stray dogs (n=359) and kennel dogs (n=149) from North Carolina were tested for evidence of antiBabesia antibodies. AntiBabesia antibodies were detected in 21/359 and 22/149 of the stray and kennel dogs, respectively. A total of 57 dogs from both groups were tested for babesiasis by light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Babesia deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 3/28 of the stray dogs and 14/29 of the kennel dogs. When Babesia DNA was detected by PCR, the species-specific PCR results differed from the Babesia species antibody titer results in 6/17 of the PCR-positive dogs. There was no association between antiBabesia antibodies and the presence of ticks. There are currently Babesia gibsoni epizootics affecting American pit bull terrier kennels.

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Semenov, Boris, Anna Nazarova, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Maria Sergeeva, and Anna Kozitcyna. "Moist wound healing after mast cell tumor surgical removal in a dog." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 09008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125409008.

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Study of various wound healing methods is a relevant issue of modern veterinary medicine. One of the investigated methods of wound healing is moist wound healing in a hydrated environment using hydrogel patches. In described clinical case, an eight-year-old female American Pit Bull Terrier was subjected to mast cell tumor surgical removal on the left hindlimb. During the patient postoperative treatment, Sorbalgon®, Hydrocoll® and HydroClean® dressings were used to protect the surgical site and maintain high moist environment in the wound. The dressings absorbed wound exudate and stimulated both the surgical site cleansing and the granulation tissue formation, made it possible to heal large wound on the limb without the keloid scar development.

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Shibasaki, Yuya, Yasutaka Oda, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Momoko Shibasaki, Humio Shibasaki, and Keita Iyori. "Sterile granuloma and pyogranuloma syndrome in two American Pit Bull Terriers." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Dermatology 25, no. 1 (2019): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2736/jjvd.25.13.

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Illarionova, Vladislava, and Adelya Kadyrova. "Retrospective review: congenital pulmonary artery stenosis in dogs (prevalence forms)." Russian veterinary journal 2021, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/2500-4379-2021-4-15-20.

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Objective: to determine the occurrence and clinical characteristics of different types of PS (pulmonary stenosis) in dogs Reseach tasks: to identify the breed predisposition to PS, to study the clinical, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic characteristics of various types of PS and to analyse their dependence on the severity of the heart defect. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of Biocontrol veterinary clinic medical records throughout six years (2014–2020). Cardiological examination of dogs presented to the primary ambulatory appointment included physical examination, echocardiography using the Philips HD15 ultrasound system, radiography and electrocardiography. Animals: 31 dogs with isolated pulmonary artery stenosis (17 males and 14 females). Breeds: French Bulldog, English Bulldog, Yorkshire Terrier, German Spitz, American Pit Bull Terrier, Staffordshire Terrier, Toy Terrier, Cane Corso, Whippet, Biewer Yorkshire Terrier, Chihuahua, Entlebucher, German Boxer, East European Shepherd, American Bully. Results and discussion: 43 dogs with a PS were examined from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020. Of these, 31 dogs (72 %) with isolated PS and 12 dogs (28 %) with a combination of PS with other congenital heart defects. The most common combinations were PS with aortic stenosis (25 %) and PS with ventricular septal defect (25 %). The most common form of isolated PS was type A valve stenosis (68 %). Severe stenosis prevailed (58 %). The most common breeds were French Bulldogs (22.6 %), English Bulldogs (16.1 %) and Yorkshire Terriers (9.7 %). Males were more prevalent (55 %). 61 % of animals from the group of dogs with severe PS visited clinic because of signalment, and syncope was the most frequently reported symptom (28 %). The symptoms associated with congenital heart defect were not identified in the group of animals with moderate and mild degrees of PS. ECG showed that 100 % of dogs were diagnosed with sinus rhythm. Electrical right axis deviation of the heart was detected in 45 % of dogs. Direct dependency was between the severity of the stenosis and the severity of electrical right axis deviation. According to echocardiographic studies — 100 % of animals with severe and moderate stenosis and 14% with mild stenosis were diagnosed with concentric, eccentric or mixed forms of right ventricle myocardial hypertrophy, enlargement of the right atrial. Direct dependency is founded between the severity of stenosis, the type of right ventricle hypertrophy and the size of the right atrium. The more severe stenosis, the more mixed form of hypertrophy; increase of the right atrium was recorded in dogs with mixed right ventricular hypertrophy. Post-stenotic dilatation of the trunk and branches of the pulmonary artery was determined in all dogs with single right coronary artery type R2A. Conclusions: PS is most commonly found in French Bulldogs. The most common type of PS is type A valvular stenosis in the form of an isolated defect. Severe PS is prevalent. There is direct dependency is between the severity of the defect and the severity of right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, the large size of the right atrium and electrical right axis deviation of the heart.

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Cardoso, Mauro José Lahm, Jonatas Luiz Caludino, and Maíra Melussi. "Mensuração do tamanho cardíaco pelo método VHS (vertebral heart size) em cães sadios da raça American pit bull terrier." Ciência Rural 41, no. 1 (2011): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782011000100020.

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Vários métodos surgiram com a finalidade de aumentar a acurácia e diminuir a subjetividade na avaliação das radiografias. O melhor aceito é o VHS (vertebral heart size), ou tamanho do coração em relação à unidade de vértebra torácica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar o método de mensuração pelo VHS em cães da raça American pit bull terrier clinicamente sadios, com a finalidade de se estabelecer o valor médio de VHS para esta raça. Realizaram-se radiografias de tórax, na projeção lateral direita, que foram avaliadas empiricamente e realizadas as medidas necessárias para obtenção do VHS, além da obtenção da relação profundidade/largura (P/L) torácica. Nenhum animal apresentou alteração através da análise empírica. Os valores de VHS obtidos apresentaram distribuição normal, assim como a relação P/L, com média de 10,9±0,4 vértebras para o VHS e 0,80±0,07 para a relação P/L. O valor do VHS apresentou diferença significativa (P>0,05) em comparação com os resultados obtidos por BUCHANAN & BÜCHELER (1995). Porém, o valor de VHS deste estudo é semelhante ao descrito por diversos autores nos estudo de raças específicas, confirmando a necessidade de se estabelecer valores de VHS específicos para cada raça.

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Karasová, Martina, Csilla Tóthová, Simona Grelová, and Mária Fialkovičová. "The Etiology, Incidence, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Treatment of Canine Babesiosis Caused by Babesia gibsoni Infection." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060739.

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Babesia gibsoni is one of the small Babesia species and the infection this pathogen causes is usually asymptomatic, which complicates the capture of potential parasite carriers. In endemic areas, especially in Asia, B. gibsoni occurs quite often due to direct transmission by way of a tick vector. Due to the absence of vectors, its occurrence is described only sporadically in Europe; but, it is increasingly occurring in predisposed, so-called fighting breeds, especially the American pit bull terrier. This review describes the etiology, incidence, clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment of B. gibsoni infection, with an emphasis on the clinical and laboratory peculiarities of the disease. As the treated dogs do not eliminate the parasite from the body—only reducing parasitemia and improving clinical signs—the treatment of B. gibsoni infection is a challenge in many cases, and its study therefore deserves great attention.

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Rodarte-Almeida, Ana Carolina Veiga, Simon Petersen-Jones, Ingeborg M. Langohr, Laurence Occelli, Peterson T. Dornbusch, Naoye Shiokawa, and Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira. "Retinal dysplasia in American pit bull terriers - phenotypic characterization and breeding study." Veterinary Ophthalmology 19, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.12243.

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Neves, Rita de Cássia da Silva Machado, Felipe Augusto Constantino Seabra da Cruz, Samara Rosolem Lima, Mariana Medeiros Torres, Valéria Dutra, and Valéria Régia Franco Sousa. "Retrospectiva das dermatofitoses em cães e gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, nos anos de 2006 a 2008." Ciência Rural 41, no. 8 (August 2011): 1405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782011000800017.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a população canina e felina, atendida em um período de 36 meses, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - HOVET/UFMT, acometidos por dermatofitose. Esta dermatopatia, que atinge os animais domésticos, é uma infecção fúngica que envolve camadas superficiais da pele, pêlo e unhas. Foram atendidos 279 casos de dermatofitose, 96,8% na espécie canina e 3,2% na espécie felina, totalizando 7,1% do total de 3096 casos consultados nestes três anos. O agente etiológico isolado preponderante foi o Microsporum canis. Os cães de raça definida foram os mais acometidos, mormente os American Pit Bull Terrier (21,7%). Tanto os felinos sem ou com definição racial apresentaram dermatofitose, não sendo possível uma análise estatística fidedigna. Observou-se que a maioria dos animais infectados apresentava de 1 a 3 anos de idade. As lesões mais observadas foram: alopecia, crostas e caspas e estavam localizadas nas regiões da cabeça, de tronco, e de membros. Não foi observada distribuição sazonal.

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Shinkarenko, L. N., O. G. Guliakova, V. A. Malienko, S. D. Melnychuk, and V. G. Spyrydonov. "Analysis of genetic variability in American Pit Bull Terrier breed of dogs with a high inbreeding level using microsatellite markers." Cytology and Genetics 44, no. 4 (August 2010): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0095452710040031.

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McMillan, FD, and PJ Reid. "Selective breeding in fighting dogs." Animal Welfare 19, S1 (May 2010): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600002347.

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AbstractThe breeding of domestic dogs for dog fighting has resulted in numerous genetic alterations in a breed widely acknowledged to be the most successful fighting dog: the American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT). Much of the genetic foundation underlying the motivation and ability for pit fighting can be traced back to the earliest use of dogs for hunting purposes and continued through the selective breeding for use of dogs in wars and bull and bear baiting. In the development of the APBT as a fighting dog, there were two main breeding criteria. The first was, and remains, fighting success. The trait most prized by breeders of fighting dogs and considered most contributory to fighting success is ‘gameness’, which is the perseverance at a task even under extreme adversity, such as injury, pain, or fatigue. The second criterion was the absence of human-directed aggression. Since dogs are handled extensively before, during, and after the fights, dogs that showed aggression toward humans were eliminated from the gene pool. Indeed, anecdotal reports suggest that breeding may have been carried beyond that of simply selecting against human aggressiveness to a degree of enhanced affinity for humans. The result is that today's fight-bred APBT is genetically predisposed — but not predestined — to aggressiveness toward other dogs and a strong social attraction to humans. The human affinity trait is a highly valuable characteristic that ought to be preserved. With the appropriate breeding decisions, the power of genetic selection suggests that this goal, along with normalising the genetic disposition for conspecific aggressive tendencies, should be ultimately achievable.

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Ciampolini, R., F. Cecchi, G. Paci, C. Policardo, and A. Spaterna. "Investigation on the genetic variability of the american Pit Bull Terrier dogs belonging to an Italian breeder using microsatellite markers and genealogical data." Cytology and Genetics 47, no. 4 (July 2013): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s009545271304004x.

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Magalhães, Anderson, and Heloisa Barbosa Gregório. "Sertolioma gonadal secundário à Criptorquidismo e a Pseudo-Hermafroditismo masculino em cão: relato de caso." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 10 (October 24, 2022): 68728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n10-245.

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A intersexualidade ou hermafroditismo é uma anormalidade no desenvolvimento genital, de origem desconhecida, porém pode estar relacionada a fatores genéticos, exposição hormonal e/ou química. O sexo genético é estabelecido no momento da fertilização, e o sexo gonadal e fenotípico ocorre durante o período de desenvolvimento embrionário. Quando há alguma alteração nesse desenvolvimento ocorre hermafroditismo. Existem três tipos de intersexualidade que se diferenciam em sua formação anatômica, hermafroditismo verdadeiro, pseudo-hermafroditismo feminino e pseudo-hermafroditismo masculino. Cães pseudo-hermafroditas masculino podem apresentar a síndrome da persistência dos ductos de Müller, causada pela presença de um gene autossômico recessivo. Esses indivíduos possuem cariótipo 78 XY, podem apresentar genitália externa masculina ou gônadas (testículos), porém apresentam internamente uma porção cranial da vagina, corpo e corno uterinos, tubas uterinas e cérvix. Os sinais clínicos do pseudo-hermafroditismo são específicos e dependem de sua classificação. A anomalia pode ocorrer em qualquer mamífero. O diagnóstico dessas anormalidades é investigado através de exames clínico/físico, ultrassonografia, radiografia, cariotipagem e histopatológico. O tratamento envolve correção cirúrgica através de técnicas como vulvoplastia, orquiectomia e ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OH). O trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a ocorrência de um caso de pseudo-hermafroditismo masculino em uma fêmea da raça American Pit-Bull Terrier e as correções cirúrgicas realizadas, assim como mostrar os resultados dos exames que corroboram o diagnóstico, o caso foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Oeste Paulista.

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Marinho, Paulo Vicícius Tertuliano, Bruno Watanabe Minto, Michelle Lopes Avante, Lorena Damasio Cardoso, Gabriel De Vasconcellos Aquino, and Caroline Cezaretti Feitosa. "Primary Splenic Torsion in Dog as a Cause of Atypical Acute Abdomen." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (July 25, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.87332.

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Background: A primary splenic torsion occurs when the organ rotates around its vascular pedicle in the absence of any other concomitant disease. The occurrence of primary splenic torsion is rare, with a prevalence lower than 1%. Splenic torsion is more often related to dilated gastric volvulus syndrome, and it has no clear etiology despite reports that associate it with congenital abnormalities or traumatic ruptures of the gastrosplenic or splenocolic ligaments. This study reports a case of splenic torsion in an American Pit Bull terrier dog, its related symptomatology, and the treatment adopted.Case: A 3-year-old male American Pit Bull terrier dog weighing 32 kg was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of acute abdomen, lethargy, increased abdominal volume, discomfort, restlessness, and with a history of collapse three days prior to admission. Clinical examination revealed lethargy, pale mucous membranes, reduced capillary refill time, moderate dehydration, and hyperthermia. Abdominal palpation revealed increased abdominal volume in the epigastric and mesogastric areas. CBC and serum biochemistry profile revealed hypochromic normocytic anemia, leukocytosis with absolute neutrophilia and eosinopenia, mild hypoalbuminemia, and thrombocytopenia. PCR for detection of Babesia sp. and Ehrlichia sp., which returned negative results, and measurement of clotting time, which was prolonged, were performed to exclude immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Radiographic and ultrasonographic images showed a normal stomach, but revealed presence of splenomegaly. An exploratory laparotomy allowed direct observation of the spleen, which exhibited an increased volume, a blackened, cold, hyperemic appearance, and a complete torsion of the splenic vascular pedicle; the surgical team opted to perform total splenectomy rather than undoing the pedicle twist. The animal returned to the hospital after 10 days exhibiting an excellent clinical condition. Healing of the incisional wound was satisfactory, with formation of epithelial tissue throughout its extension. Thirty days after the surgery, the hematological parameters were within normal ranges. The animal was discharged, and its owner received information on adequate nutrition.Discussion: Clinical evaluation of symptoms of discomfort and increase in abdominal volume, especially on the left side, together with the information of the anamnesis, led to a suspicion of splenic torsion in this case. Splenic torsion can exhibit numerous clinical signs; here, ultrasound imaging allowed diagnosis of this condition. The anemia observed by means of the hematological tests could be explained by sequestration of red blood cells by the rotated spleen, with and inflammatory leukogram resulting from inflammation of the poorly perfused parenchyma, local peritonitis, and, possibly, increased release of neutrophils from the bone marrow. Thrombocytopenia and prolonged clotting time may be secondary to splenic torsion, as shown in this case. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice in cases of acute splenic torsion. This procedure is relatively easy to perform. Additionally, merely undoing the torsion does not prevent its recurrence, and may allow necrotic debris to reach the circulation. No intercurrences or involvement of adjacent organs were observed in this patient. This is due to factors such as early diagnosis, preoperative stabilization of the patient, and the short time between diagnosis and the surgical procedure, reiterating its importance in emergency conditions such as splenic torsion.

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Teodorowski, Oliwier, Marcin Kalinowski, Dagmara Winiarczyk, Banu Dokuzeylül, Stanisław Winiarczyk, and Łukasz Adaszek. "Babesia gibsoni Infection in Dogs—A European Perspective." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060730.

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Canine babesiosis is a disease caused by infection with parasites of the genus Babesia. These protozoa are classified as either large (e.g., Babesia canis) or small (e.g., Babesia gibsoni). So far, only three small Babesia species of clinical importance, able to infect dogs, have been described: B. gibsoni, B. conradae, and B. vulpes. This review presents the current epidemiological situation of Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs in Europe. In most European countries where B. gibsoni has been reported, the percentage of infected dogs is around 1%. The higher prevalence of the B. gibsoni infection among American Pit Bull Terriers suggests breed susceptibility. An analysis of the available data makes it possible to conclude that B. gibsoni infections may appear in the future in other non-endemic regions of Europe, which may pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for veterinary practitioners.

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Santos, Igor R., Ana C. M. P. Lima, Hugo H. Ferreira, Brunna R. Rezende, Anderson R. Silva, and Adriana S. Santos. "Canine cutaneous neoplasms in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40, no. 8 (August 2020): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6531.

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ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to describe the occurrence and epidemiological features of skin neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil. Diagnoses from dog biopsies from 2011 to 2016 provided by a private veterinary pathology laboratory were analyzed. The main diagnoses were mast cell tumor, hemangiosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and hemangioma. Highest frequency of neoplasms was found in female dogs, dogs aged >8 years, and purebred dogs, particularly the American Pit Bull Terriers and the Poodles. Most common sites affected by the neoplasms were the limb and the head. Using multiple correspondence analysis, groups of neoplasms were found to be associated with different epidemiological features and the size of the neoplasms was associated with the biological behavior. The results of this study described predispositions and verified the importance of different types of skin neoplasms in dogs in the region being studied.

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Berkman, C., M. C. Pereira, K. B. Nardi, G. T. Pereira, O. A. B. Soares, W. A. Z. Restan, A. Queiroz-Neto, and G. C. Ferraz. "Agreement between i-STAT and YSI 2300 devices to determine lactate concentrations in dogs undergoing exercise." Comparative Exercise Physiology 12, no. 2 (June 24, 2016): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep160002.

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Little information is available comparing the i-STAT and the YSI 2300 Stat Plus devices to determine the lactate concentration [Lac] in dogs undergoing intense exercise. The reproducibility of the YSI 2300 for quantifying the [Lac] in canine blood [Lac]b and plasma [Lac]p samples has been observed. In addition, the i-STAT handheld device was used to quantify [Lac] in dogs subjected to exercise, and the results were compared with that of YSI 2300. Venous blood samples of Beagle and American Pit Bull Terrier dogs were obtained during an intense exercise training on a treadmill. [Lac]p and [Lac]b were quantified using the YSI 2300 instrument to determine the reproducibility of the results. A total of 52 specimens were compared for both plasma and whole blood. For comparing the devices (YSI 2300 vs i-STAT), 96 samples were used. Ordinary least products regression, the correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the agreement of using the i-STAT device. The relationship between duplicate measurements of both [Lac]b and [Lac]p by YSI 2300 was strong (r=0.99). A correlation between the data obtained using the i-STAT and YSI 2300 instruments was observed for both the [Lac]p (r=0.97) and [Lac]b (r=0.88). The i-STAT exhibited a small constant bias (-0.25 mmol/l) compared to YSI 2300 ([Lac]b). There were proportional biases of 0.89 mmol/l for [Lac]p and 1.22 mmol/l for [Lac]b when using YSI 2300 vs i-STAT. We confirmed the reproducibility of the YSI 2300 for canine lactate blood/plasma samples. The results obtained by the i-STAT and YSI 2300 analyser were highly correlated, but a small constant bias was observed between them. The i-STAT device can be used in clinical evaluations, and it is also adequate for designing and monitoring fitness programmes.

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Karasová, Martina, Csilla Tóthová, Bronislava Víchová, Lucia Blaňarová, Terézia Kisková, Simona Grelová, Radka Staroňová, et al. "Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Malarone®, Azithromycin and Artesunate Combination for Treatment of Babesia gibsoni in Naturally Infected Dogs." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060708.

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Babesia gibsoni is a tick-borne protozoal blood parasite that may cause hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lethargy, and/or splenomegaly in dogs. Many drugs have been used in management of canine babesiosis such as monotherapy or combined treatment, including diminazene aceturate, imidocarb dipropionate, atovaquone, and antibiotics. This report examines the effectiveness and safety of Malarone®, azithromycin (AZM) and artesunate (ART) combination for the treatment of babesiosis in dogs naturally infected with Babesia gibsoni. Twelve American Pit Bull Terriers were included in the experiment. Examined dogs underwent clinical and laboratory analysis including hematology and biochemistry profile and serum protein electrophoresis. After diagnosis, the dogs received combined therapy with Malarone® (13.5 mg/kg PO q24 h), azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO q24 h) and artesunate (12.5 mg/kg PO q24 h) for 10 days. The combined treatment improved hematology and biochemical parameters to the reference range gradually during the first 14 days already, resulting in the stable values until day 56 after treatment. No clinically apparent adverse effects were reported during treatment and monitoring. No relapses of parasitemia were detected in control days 180, 360, 540 and 720 in all dogs. Results of the study indicate that the combined treatment leads to successful elimination of parasitemia in chronically infected dogs with B. gibsoni.

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Wladis, Edward J., and Mohit A. Dewan. "Periorbital Trauma from Pit Bull Terrier Attacks." Orbit 31, no. 3 (May 2, 2012): 200–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01676830.2012.669008.

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Volmer, Petra A., Valentina Merola, Tanasa Osborne, Keith L. Bailey, and Gavin Meerdink. "Thallium Toxicosis in a Pit Bull Terrier." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 18, no. 1 (January 2006): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870601800124.

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Lockwood, Randall, and Kate Rindy. "Are “Pit Bulls” Different? An Analysis of the Pit Bull Terrier Controversy." Anthrozoös 1, no. 1 (March 1987): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279388787058713.

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Thompson, DJ, W. Rogers, MC Owen, and KG Thompson. "Idiopathic canine juvenile cranial hyperostosis in a Pit Bull Terrier." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 59, no. 4 (July 2011): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2011.579556.

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Souza, Clarissa P., Jennifer R. Schissler, Elena T. Contreras, Steven W. Dow, Leone S. Hopkins, Jonathan W. Coy, Rod A. W. Rosychuk, Jennifer R. Hawley, and Michael R. Lappin. "Evaluation of immunological parameters in pit bull terrier-type dogs with juvenile onset generalized demodicosis and age-matched healthy pit bull terrier-type dogs." Veterinary Dermatology 29, no. 6 (August 23, 2018): 482—e162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vde.12681.

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Pierini, Alessio, George Lubas, Eleonora Gori, Diana Binanti, Francesca Millanta, and Veronica Marchetti. "Epidemiology of Breed-Related Mast Cell Tumour Occurrence and Prognostic Significance of Clinical Features in a Defined Population of Dogs in West-Central Italy." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6020053.

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Canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) present a wide variety of challenging clinical behaviours in terms of predicting the prognosis and choosing appropriate treatment. This study investigated the frequency, risk, and prognostic factors of MCTs in dogs admitted to a single veterinary teaching hospital (VTH). Breed, age, sex, and sexual status in ninety-eight dogs with MCTs (MCT-group) were compared with a control group of 13,077 dogs (VTH-group) obtained from the VTH clinical database from January 2010 to January 2016. Within the MCT-group, signalment, location, size, mass number, ulceration, histopathological grading, presence of lymph node, or distant metastases were compared with each other and with the outcome. Boxers (OR 7.2), American Pit Bull Terriers (OR 5.4), French Bulldogs (OR 4.4) and Labrador Retrievers (OR 2.6) were overrepresented. The MCT-group was significantly older than the VTH-group (p < 0.0001). In comparison with the VTH group, in the MCT-group neutered dogs (OR 2.1) and spayed females (OR 2.3) were predominant compared to intact dogs and intact females, respectively. Ulceration (OR 5.2) and lymph node metastasis (OR 7.1) occurred more frequently in larger MCTs. Both ulceration and MCTs > 3 cm were highly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR 24.8). Recurrence was associated with MCT-related death (OR 10.50, p = 0.0040), and the latter was associated with shorter survival times (p = 0.0115). Dogs with MCTs > 3 cm (p = 0.0040), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0234), or elevated WHO stage (p = 0.0158) had shorter survival times. A significantly higher frequency of MCTs was found in specific breeds, and in older and neutered dogs. MCTs > 3 cm and lymph node or distant metastases were associated with shorter survival times.

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Collier, Stephen. "Breed-specific legislation and the pit bull terrier: Are the laws justified?" Journal of Veterinary Behavior 1, no. 1 (July 2006): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2006.04.011.

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Ricciardi, Mario, Rosmara Martino, and Eyad Abu Assad. "IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-CELIACOMESENTERIC TRUNK AND PORTAL VEIN HYPOPLASIA IN A PIT BULL TERRIER." Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 55, no. 2 (June 19, 2013): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vru.12062.

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Dos Santos, Ivan Felismino Charas, Sheila Canevese Rahal, Lívia Freire, Carlos Roberto Teixeira, Letícia Rocha Inamassu, Maria Jaqueline Mamprim, Mayara Viana Freire Gomes, and Filipe Carrari Isaac Tannus. "Acute Effect of Whole-Body Vibration in a Female Dog with Metritis." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45 (June 27, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.85344.

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Background: Whole-body vibration is a modality of exercise used in humans for therapeutic purposes or to increase physical performance. In veterinary medicine there are only a few reports on the use of this technology. The Whole-body vibration derivate from vibrating rhythmic movements caused by vibrating platforms. Vibrating platforms are used over 30 years in the treatment and prevention of injuries and other debilitating conditions in humans. This paper aims to describe the first report of a possible spontaneous opening of the cervix in a female dog with purulent metritis by Whole-body vibration using a platform vibration.Case: A sexually intact female American Pit Bull Terrier dog showed an acute effect after a single session of Whole- body vibration training. Physical examination and physiological parameters were within normal. Slight edema of the vulva was observed without signs of discharge. Complete blood cell count, serum chemistry and urinalysis yielded no significant abnormal findings. An enlarged uterus with content was observed during a transabdominal ultrasound. Despite this, a vibrating-platform session was performed during 15 min. A purulent vulvar discharge was observed 6 min. after Whole-body vibration exercise and remained continuous through session. After the Whole-body vibration exercise, the dog was treated with cephalexin for 15 days. Escherichia coli were isolated from vaginal discharge culture. Seven days after the Whole-body vibration session, no signs of vulvar edema or discharge were observed. A complete blood count, serum chemistry, urinalysis and uterus ultrasound showed no abnormalities. Ovariohysterectomy by minimally invasive technique was performed and was observed cysts in both ovaries. The patient was placed under general anesthesia withisoflurane/O2. The premedication used was carprofen, morphine sulphate, acepromazine and diazepam. The induction was with propofol. An open ventral midline celiotomy an ovariohysterectomy was performed. Ten days after the surgery the dog showed no abnormality. After recovered from anesthesia, the patient was discharged with meloxican and tramadol for postoperative inflammation and pain management. According to the owner, the immediate postoperative period was without any problems. The histopathology examination confirmed the presence of right ovary cystic and left uterine horn cystic, and uterine hyperplasia. Four months after the surgery, the dog returned for evaluation and the owner reported that patient had been doing well, with normal appetite, normal urination and defecation.Discussion: The Whole-body vibration is not yet fully understood and it is important that the patient is clinically evaluated before the Whole-body vibration session. Whole-body vibration is a modality of exercise used in humans for therapeutic purposes or to increase physical performance. Otherwise, in veterinary medicine there are only a few reports on the use of this technology. In the present report there were no clinical signs that indicated uterine infection. In human patients there are reports that showed any clinical signs of diseases before use the Whole-body vibration. The ultrasound exam had been done because was part of another study and showed an enlarged uterus. Therefore, the cervix opening after a single Whole- body vibration training may be considered a positive side effect of Whole-body vibration in female dogs since this event helped to diagnose the disease. Although, the effects of WBV on reproductive organs and endocrine system are not clear.

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Collins, D., J. M. Angles, J. Christodoulou, D. Spielman, S. A. Lindsay, J. Boyd, and M. B. Krockenberger. "Severe Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (Leigh-like Syndrome) in American Staffordshire Bull Terrier Dogs." Journal of Comparative Pathology 148, no. 4 (May 2013): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.08.008.

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Santos, Juliana Godoy, Andressa De Cássia Martini, Bianca Garay Monteiro, Deise Cristine Schroder, Gabrielle Dourado Franco, Lívia Caroline De Mascarenhas, and Roberto Lopes De Souza. "Urethral Prolapse in a Dog of the American Pit Bull Breed." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (January 7, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.85113.

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Background: The urethral prolapse in dogs is a rare condition known by the protrusion of the urethral mucous membrane and the external orifice of the urethra. It is more frequently seen in young males, especially of brachycephalic breeds, for instance the English bulldog. Despite the pathophysiology of this disorder being little elucidated, it is believed that the cause is related to factors such as genetic susceptibility, excessive sexual behavior, traumas, abnormalities and urinary and prostatic problems. Due to limited reports on the subject, this paper aims to describe the clinical and surgical aspects of a case of urethral prolapse in a dog, surgically corrected.Case: Admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT) a dog, American Pit Bull, 7 months old, with previous history of bleeding in the penile region and pain while urinating. In the physical exam it presented: intermittent bleeding via external ostium of the urethra, increased volume and protrusion of the distal urethral mucous membrane and the external orifice of the urethra, which was presenting a round shape mass, edematous and little congested of red-purplish coloring, evidenced by the passing of urethral probe. The diagnosis of urethral prolapse was confirmed and, after conducting laboratory tests and obtaining normal results for the species, the animal was sent to surgery. It was opted for the technique of resection and anastomosis of the protruded portion of the mucous membrane. After the anesthetic protocol, it was performed the trichotomy and antisepsis of region, the fenestrated drapes were properly positioned and the urethral catheterization was done, afterwards 3 points of support were produced with nylon thread 3-0, involving the urethra and the external portion of the penis. Subsequently, it was incised 1/3 of the protruded mucous membrane (from a support point to the other) with a pair of iris scissors and the aid of a toothless Adson clamp. Promptly the anastomotic synthesis was manufactured with a simple interrupted suture pattern. By the end of the first one third theremaining ones with go under the same procedure and in the end of the resection and anastomosis of the urethral prolapse the animal was submitted to a bilateral orchiectomy. At the immediate post-surgery it was established antibiotic therapy and the use of anti-inflammatory and painkiller, after 48 h of observation the animal was discharged from the hospital. As a therapeutic measure it was opted to continue with the use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory, and then recommended the use of Elizabethan collar 24 h a day until the removing of the stitches. It was also recommended that the animal returned for a new evaluation thirteen days after of the procedure.Discussion: That being said, even being an unusual pathology, which the physiopathology is not completely clear, the urethral prolapse is of simple diagnosis, which is based on direct observation of the protruded mucous membrane and by obtaining information of possible factors that cause its appearance, such as genetic susceptibility, in the case of the animalfrom the current report, since it had the English Bulldog as genetic predecessor. Even though there are techniques less traumatic for its diminishing the chosen technique is the resection and anastomose of the protruded portion of the urethral mucous membrane, due to being simple, quick, effective and with lower rates of relapses. Proven by the result of total recovering of the animal and excellent post-surgery healing, not having relapses.Keywords: dog, surgery, urethra.

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Hanekom, Josef, Paolo Pazzi, Yolandi Rautenbach, and Alischa Henning. "Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteraemia in a puppy with canine parvoviral enteritis." Veterinary Record Case Reports 8, no. 3 (September 2020): e001171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001171.

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A 12-week-old female intact, pit bull terrier cross breed puppy presented with vomiting and haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Phagocytosed bacterial rods were observed on peripheral and central blood smears. A commercially available canine parvovirus ELISA test and subsequent electron microscopy for viral particles both tested negative on faecal sampling. The owners declined treatment and the puppy was euthanased. The postmortem revealed enteric necrosis, purulent meningoencephalitis, necropurulent hepatitis and diffuse interstitial pneumonia, with heavy Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium growth on blood and tissue culture. The Salmonella species were sensitive to most commonly used antimicrobials including ampicillin. Canine parvovirus enteritis was diagnosed by positive canine parvovirus specific immune-peroxidase staining of intestinal tissue sections. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to describe canine parvoviral enteritis complicated by a salmonella bacteraemia, and the detection of a bacteraemia on a peripheral blood smear in a live dog.

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Dos Santos, Douglas Evandro, Camila André Fiorato, and Rodrigo de Oliveira Mattosinho. "FOLICULITE FURUNCULOSE SECUNDÁRIA A DEMODICOSE EM CÃO DA RAÇA HUSKY SIBERIANO – RELATO DE CASO." Revista de Ciência Veterinária e Saúde Pública 6, no. 2 (August 3, 2019): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/revcivet.v6i2.44574.

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A foliculite furunculose, piodermite profunda causada na maioria das vezes por Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, tem sido frequentemente descrita em cães pastores, e outras raças de pastoreios. Existem ainda, relatos desta afecção em cães das raças Bull Terrier, Pit Bull e Dálmatas. Os sinais clínicos comumente encontrados são lesões alopécicas, pruriginosas, podendo ser visualizadas em forma de pápulas, pústulas, crostas, erosões e fistulas, acompanhadas de odor fétido. As lesões podem ser encontradas em região lombossacra, inguinal, abdômen ventral, membros, glúteos, cotovelos, região axilar, região cervical e face podendo também, apresentar-se de forma generalizada. O diagnóstico é baseado nos sinais clínicos, histórico do animal, exame citológico, exame hematológico, exames microbiológicos e análise histopatológica. O tratamento consiste na remoção do fator causal primário, antibioticoterapia de longo prazo, anti-inflamatório esteroidal e tratamento tópico abrangendo tricotomia, limpeza das lesões e banhos com xampu a base de Clorexidine ou Peróxido de benzoíla, podendo ainda ser realizada a excisão cirúrgica da lesão. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o atendimento a um canídeo, fêmea, 10 anos de idade, 14kg, da raça Husky Siberiano, atendido na Clínica Veterinária UNINGÁ, tendo como queixa principal lesões na região do cotovelo esquerdo com histórico de recidivas, onde obteve-se o diagnóstico de foliculite furunculose profunda piogranulomatosa e eosinofílica crônica secundaria a demodicose. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico, utilizando-se a técnica de nodulectomia, a qual obteve-se uma resposta satisfatória.

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Ardila Medina, Carlos Martín, Natalia Contreras-Gómez, and Efrain Alvarez-Martinez. "Maxillofacial management of dog bites injuries in an infant: a case report." CES Odontología 33, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21615/cesodon.33.1.5.

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Dog bites cause complex craniomaxillofacial injuries. Considering that the bite injuries are repeatedly situated on the face, dentist requires being well known with the therapy of animal bites. A three-year-old male child was attended as a victim of a Pit Bull terrier biting. The patient had multiple wounds at the level of the upper eyelid of the right eyeball, left hemisphere with the involvement of the auricular pavilion, wounds with multiple detachments on face and scalp, several abrasions and ecchymoses in the bilateral infraorbital and mouth region. The clinical intervention was completed in the first twenty-four hours after injury. The affected zones were cleaned and irrigated with saline solution, and the wounds were sutured in layers. Tetanus and anti-rabies vaccination, and antibiotic and analgesic were administered. On the fifth postoperative day, the stitches were removed, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. One week after the trauma, the child showed adequate wound curing absent of aggravation. Satisfactory aesthetic and functional results were achieved. Besides, in this case, the most relevant aspects of the management of dogs bites are presented.

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Dolera, Mario, Nancy Carrara, and Luca Malfassi. "VMAT Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in a Multimodal Approach to a Carotid Paraganglioma in a Dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 54, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6389.

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ABSTRACT A 7 yr old female pit bull terrier was presented for a cervical soft tissue swelling located in the left jugular region. No abnormalities were present at physical examination or in the laboratory workup. Computed tomography and MRI scans showed a well-defined, ovoid, single mass in the left dorsal cervical region connected to the common carotid artery, histologically consistent with carotid body paraganglioma. The mass was surgically resected. Frameless stereotactic body radiation therapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy was set up as adjuvant treatment. After radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin was started. During the first yr of follow-up, acute grade I dermatitis and grade I left-side laryngeal mucositis were recognized. One yr after radiation therapy, no signs of late radiotoxicity or tumor recurrence were observed. Grade I thrombocytopenia concurrent with chemotherapy was observed. This is the first reported case of a carotid body paraganglioma treated by multimodal therapy, with surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Stereotactic body radiation therapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment after surgery provided excellent disease control and was well tolerated with slight side effects.

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Heggem-Perry, Brittany, Maureen McMichael, Mauria O'Brien, and Clara Moran. "Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Bromethalin Toxicity in a Dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 52, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6396.

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ABSTRACT Bromethalin is a central nervous system toxin currently incorporated into several different rodenticides. In 2008, the EPA requested that manufacturers phase out second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. In response, manufacturers began to increase production of bromethalin-based rodenticides. It is likely that pet exposure to bromethalin will increase in the future. Bromethalin has no known antidote and tends to deposit in fat. Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) are being used with increasing frequency in both human and veterinary medicine to treat numerous acute systemic toxicities. A 4 yr old spayed female Pit bull terrier was presented following witnessed ingestion of bromethalin rodenticide by the owners. Decontamination was unsuccessful and ILE was started. Serum was frozen at −80°C before and 1 hr after completion of ILE. In rats, the half-life of desmethylbromethalin, the toxic metabolite, has been reported at 5.6 days and 6 days, and it is likely to be similar in dogs. The only intervention between the pre-lipid serum sample and the post-lipid serum sample was the administration of ILE, and the serum desmethylbromethalin levels were reduced by 75% (from 4 ppb to 1 ppb) during this time. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing treatment of bromethalin ingestion with ILE.

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Oliveira, Maira S., Ruthnéa A. L. Muzzi, Leonardo A. L. Muzzi, Marcos Cherem, and Matheus M. Mantovani. "QT interval in healthy dogs: which method of correcting the QT interval in dogs is appropriate for use in small animal clinics?" Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 5 (May 2014): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014000500014.

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The electrocardiography (ECG) QT interval is influenced by fluctuations in heart rate (HR) what may lead to misinterpretation of its length. Considering that alterations in QT interval length reflect abnormalities of the ventricular repolarisation which predispose to occurrence of arrhythmias, this variable must be properly evaluated. The aim of this work is to determine which method of correcting the QT interval is the most appropriate for dogs regarding different ranges of normal HR (different breeds). Healthy adult dogs (n=130; German Shepherd, Boxer, Pit Bull Terrier, and Poodle) were submitted to ECG examination and QT intervals were determined in triplicates from the bipolar limb II lead and corrected for the effects of HR through the application of three published formulae involving quadratic, cubic or linear regression. The mean corrected QT values (QTc) obtained using the diverse formulae were significantly different (ρ<0.05), while those derived according to the equation QTcV = QT + 0.087(1- RR) were the most consistent (linear regression). QTcV values were strongly correlated (r=0.83) with the QT interval and showed a coefficient of variation of 8.37% and a 95% confidence interval of 0.22-0.23 s. Owing to its simplicity and reliability, the QTcV was considered the most appropriate to be used for the correction of QT interval in dogs.

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Iwasaki, T., T. Olivry, J. C. Lapiere, L. S. Chan, C. Peavey, Y. Y. Liu, J. C. R. Jones, P. J. Ihrke, and D. T. Woodley. "Canine Bullous Pemphigoid (BP): Identification of the 180-kd Canine BP Antigen by Circulating Autoantibodies." Veterinary Pathology 32, no. 4 (July 1995): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589503200407.

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Human bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an immune-mediated blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against BP antigens (230/180 kd), which are constitutive glycoproteins of hemidesmosomes found in basal keratinocytes. Blistering diseases similar to human BP have been reported in dogs. IgG deposits at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) are a common feature of canine BP. Although circulating anti-BMZ IgG autoantibodies have been demonstrated in some cases of canine BP, the specific skin protein targeted by these autoantibodies has not been identified. In this study, we characterized the antigenic target of the autoantibodies in the serum from a 3-year-old castrated male Pit Bull Terrier with BP. Direct immunofluorescence of the patient's skin demonstrated IgG deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated autoantibodies in the patient's serum that stained the epidermal roof of salt-split canine skin and left the dermal floor unstained. These serum autoantibodies did not stain normal intact dog skin but labeled intact bovine tongue. Direct immunoelectron microscopy of the dog's skin revealed IgG deposits within the hemidesmosomes of the basal keratinocytes. Western immunoblotting experiments showed that canine keratinocytes express both the 230-kd and 180-kd bullous pemphigoid antigens, and the autoantibodies from the patient's serum recognized the 180-kd bullous pemphigoid antigen in proteins extracted from canine and human keratinocytes. Canine BP has many parallel features with human BP including similar immune deposition of IgG within hemidesmosomes and a hemidesmosome-associated 180-kd glycoprotein target for circulating autoantibodies.

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Venturini, A., R. Tamburro, and S. Pinna. "Combined intra-extra-articular technique for stabilisation of coxofemoral luxation." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 23, no. 03 (2010): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-09-08-0087.

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Summary Objective: To report a new technique for repairing traumatic cranio-dorsal coxofemoral luxation in dogs. Methods: Stabilisation of hip luxation was carried out in two dogs: a one-year-old male Border Collie and an eight-year-old female American Staffordshire Bull Terrier. A caudal approach was performed to expose the hip joint. Following this, a 2.5 mm hole was drilled through the acetabular wall at the original attachment of the round ligament, followed by a tunnel between the fovea capitis and the proximal third of the femur. Nylon tape was tied in a clove hitch knot around the femoral neck. The tape was placed as a bridge over the ischial spine to create an acetabular roof in order to increase articular stabilisation. Results: Follow-up examinations were performed at 10, 40 and 90 days after surgery.The dogs did not show any signs of lameness, pain or reoccurrence of the luxation during any of the follow-up examinations. Clinical significance: This tape-technique enabled reinforcement of the acetabular roof which in turn increased the stability of the joint.

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Oliveira, Lídia S., Roberto R. B. Santos, Marcos B. Melo, Daniela F. Larangeira, and Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo. "Eletrocardiografia computadorizada em cães: estudo comparativo." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 7 (July 2013): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013000700018.

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O método de eletrocardiografia computadorizada (ECG-C) vem sendo crescentemente difundido na medicina veterinária, havendo atualmente diversas marcas e modelos de eletrocardiógrafos disponíveis no mercado. Diante da possibilidade de diferenças na sensibilidade e na reprodutibilidade das medidas obtidas nos traçados, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos de cães, obtidos por dois sistemas. Foram avaliados dois diferentes softwares computadorizados, o Wincardio Micromed® (WIN) e o modelo TEB ECGPC® (TEB). Quarenta e dois cães hígidos, de diferentes raças (Cocker Spaniel, Daschund, Labrador, Pinscher, Pit Bull Terrier Poodle, Schnauzer, Shit Tzu, Yorkshire e sem raça definida), machos e fêmeas e com idade entre 4 meses e 16 anos foram agrupados segundo o peso e examinados pelos dois sistemas. As medidas eletrocardiográficas dos diferentes traçados foram analisadas na derivação DII. Os resultados indicaram que o sistema TEB apresentou maior sensibilidade na obtenção das medidas de duração da onda P e do complexo QRS, enquanto o sistema WIN foi mais sensível para determinar as medidas de amplitude dos mesmos parâmetros. Os animais de maior porte (26-37kg) apresentaram maior variância nas medidas de duração e amplitude de onda P e duração do complexo QRS em comparação aos cães de médio (14-25kg) e pequeno (1-13kg) porte. O achado de diferenças entre os sistemas testados deve ser levado em consideração ao se empregar os diversos equipamentos para diagnóstico por meio de ECG-C na rotina clínica, de modo a evitarem-se divergências na interpretação dos exames entre diferentes prestadores de serviços veterinários.

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Jaffey, Jared A., Garrett Bullock, Juyuan Guo, Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura, Dennis P. O’Brien, Joan R. Coates, Rochelle Morrissey, et al. "Novel Homozygous ADAMTS2 Variants and Associated Disease Phenotypes in Dogs with Dermatosparactic Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome." Genes 13, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 2158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112158.

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Tissue fragility, skin hyperextensibility and joint hypermobility are defining characteristics of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). Human EDS is subclassified into fourteen types including dermatosparactic EDS, characterized by extreme skin fragility and caused by biallelic ADAMTS2 mutations. We report two novel, ADAMTS2 variants in DNA from EDS-affected dogs. Separate whole-genome sequences from a Pit Bull Terrier and an Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog each contained a rare, homozygous variant (11:2280117delC, CanFam3.1), predicted to produce a frameshift in the transcript from the first coding ADAMTS2 exon (c.10delC) and a severely truncated protein product, p.(Pro4ArgfsTer175). The clinical features of these dogs and 4 others with the same homozygous deletion included multifocal wounds, atrophic scars, joint hypermobility, narrowed palpebral fissures, skin hyperextensibility, and joint-associated swellings. Due to severe skin fragility, the owners of all 6 dogs elected euthanasia before the dogs reached 13 weeks of age. Cross sections of collagen fibrils in post-mortem dermal tissues from 2 of these dogs showed hieroglyphic-like figures similar to those from cases of severe dermatosparaxis in other species. The whole-genome sequence from an adult Catahoula Leopard Dog contained a homozygous ADAMTS2 missense mutation, [11:2491238G>A; p.(Arg966His)]. This dog exhibited multifocal wounds, atrophic scars, and joint hypermobility, but has survived for at least 9 years. This report expands the spectrum of clinical features of the canine dermatosparactic subtype of EDS and illustrates the potential utility of subclassifying canine EDS by the identity of gene harboring the causal variant.

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Minto, B. W., C. R. G. P. Lopes, P. P. Rossignoli, G. G. Franco, F. Y. K. Kawamoto, A. G. Sprada, and L. G. G. G. Dias. "Double plating technique for fixing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy of the tibia in a dog with cranial cruciate ligament disease and excessive plateau angle: case report." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 2 (March 2021): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12168.

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ABSTRACT Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) associated to cranial wedge closing ostectomy (CCWO) has been one of the best options to manage cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) in large dogs, however, the complication rate is potentially high. It is believed that a more robust fixation is necessary to stabilize them and decrease the risk of implant failure. A 6-year-old male American Pit Bull, weighing 36kg, with 90-day history of right hind limb lameness, was diagnosed with CCL disease. Due to the excessive tibial plateau angle (42°), TPLO was associated with a modified CCWO using a double plating technique. A final TPA of 12⁰ was accomplished, and a restricted level of exercises and physiotherapy were recommended. The patient was followed monthly until the fifth month postoperatively, when radiographic bone consolidation and no lameness were observed. By the date of this submission, 3 years after the procedure, the owner has reported no complications. The double plating technique for fixing TPLO and modified CCWO proved to be effective for the treatment of CrCL deficiency in a large dog with an excessive TPA.

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Lee, Christine, Ekaterina Tiourin, Sawyer Schuljak, Jonathan Phan, Theodore Heyming, John Schomberg, Elizabeth Wallace, Yigit Guner, and Raj Vyas. "Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Dog-bite Wounds: A 5-year Retrospective Review." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 22, no. 6 (October 27, 2021): 1301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2021.9.52235.

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Introduction: Dog bites are a significant health concern in the pediatric population. Few studies published to date have stratified the injuries caused by dog bites based on surgical severity to elucidate the contributing risk factors. Methods: We used an electronic hospital database to identify all patients ≤17 years of age treated for dog bites from 2013–2018. Data related to patient demographics, injury type, intervention, dog breed, and payer source were collected. We extracted socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey. Data related to dog breed was obtained from public records on dog licenses. We calculated descriptive statistics as well as relative risk of dog bite by breed. Results: Of 1,252 injuries identified in 967 pediatric patients, 17.1% required consultation with a surgical specialist for repair. Bites affecting the head/neck region were most common (61.7%) and most likely to require operating room intervention (P = 0.002). The relative risk of a patient being bitten in a low-income area was 2.24, compared with 0.46 in a high-income area. Among cases where the breed of dog responsible for the bite was known, the dog breed most commonly associated with severe bites was the pit bull (relative risk vs German shepherd 8.53, relative risk vs unknown, 3.28). Conclusion: The majority of injuries did not require repair and were sufficiently handled by an emergency physician. Repair by a surgical specialist was required <20% of the time, usually for bites affecting the head/neck region. Disparities in the frequency and characteristics of dog bites across socioeconomic levels and dog breeds suggest that public education efforts may decrease the incidence of pediatric dog bites.

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Da Cruz, Thalita Priscilla Peres Seabra, Thaís Ruiz, Wilma Neres da Silva Campos, Ludmila Silva Azevedo, Guilherme De Andrade Bicudo, Pedro Brandini Néspoli, and Roberto Lopes De Souza. "YU Pyloroplasty for the Correction of Chronic Hypertrophic Pyloric Gastropathy in Canines." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.83122.

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Background: One of the causes of delay gastric emptying is the chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy, unusual disease that can occur in acquired or congenital form. It is characterized by hypertrophy of the antral mucosa, by thickening of the muscular layer, or by hyperplasia of the pylorus. The animals are presented with a history of chronic intermittent vomiting. Treatment is based on surgical correction through techniques such as pyloromyotomy or transverse or Y-U pyloroplasty. Thus, the aim was report three cases of pyloric stenosis by hypertrophy in dogs of the breeds, Fila Brasileiro, English Bull Terrier and American Pitbull Terrier, emphasizing the diagnosis and therapy instituted.Cases: All animals in this study reached the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso with a history of chronic intermittent vomiting. The findings of physical and laboratory examinations in all animals were unspecific, with those important to rule out other causes of vomiting. Contrast radiographic evaluation revealed marked stomach distension and delayed gastric emptying, indicated gastric outflow obstruction. In one case, a video endoscopy was performed. The images reveal hyperemia of the gastric mucosa with small areas of bleeding around the stomach. It was observed intense production of gastric juice and the presence of the same reflux. In the pyloric antrum, a thick fold reddish gastric mucosa, which partially obstructed the pyloric ostium. There was very little motility during the examination. As therapeutic approach for all cases, we opted for performing the surgical technique of pyloroplasty in Y-U, consisting of enlarging the diameter of the antral pyloric region in an attempt to create a broader pylorus, what make possible an emptying a gastric rapidly. All the pacients remained in hospital in the postoperative period receiving medications intravenously. Postoperative fluid based on Ringer’s lactate solution and administration of ondansetron (0.2 mg/kg every 8 h), sucralfate (30 mg/ kg every 12 h), sulfadoxine to trimethoprim (20 mg/kg every 12 h) and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg every 24 h). Twelve h of fasting after the surgical procedure without vomiting, the dog received light past food. An average of three to four days post-surgical discharged with recommendations to keep antibiotic therapy for ten days and light diet. The fifteenth day of surgery, the patients returned for removal of skin spots, with good general condition and satisfactory healing. No cases of vomiting were reported. As the case one returned to perform the monitoring gastograma. The dog was anesthetized and giving the contrast. On radiographs, there was a slight delay in gastric emptying, which can be explained by the anesthesia used for contrast administration, as described in the literature. The images showed stomach and intestines in size, shape and normal position. The technique was satisfactory in reducing clinical signs in all these cases, confirmed by the absence of vomiting in the post-operative period.Discussion: The surgical technique used, pyloroplasty Y-U consists of traspor a part of the antral wall to the pyloric region in an attempt to create a broader pylorus, and possibly a time soon gastric emptying. It was possible to demonstrate with only three cases the pyloroplasty Y-U proved to be a simple and effective technique for the treatment of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis with a favorable prognosis in all cases. Thus, disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of gastric outflow obstruction, regardless of patients age.Keywords: dog, hypertrophy, pylorus.

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Journal articles on the topic 'American pit bull terrier'

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