To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Americanist Knowledge.
Journal articles on the topic 'Americanist Knowledge'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Americanist Knowledge.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Chuh, Kandice. "Discomforting Knowledge: Or, Korean "Comfort Women" and Asian Americanist Critical Practice." Journal of Asian American Studies 6, no. 1 (2003): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jaas.2003.0025.
Full text
2
McMahon, Nicole, Christopher Alcantara, and Laura B. Stephenson. "The Qualifying Field Exam: What Is It Good For?" PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519001100.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTMost political scientists self-identify as a comparativist, theorist, Americanist, or another label corresponding with the qualifying field exams (QFE) that they passed during their doctoral studies. Passing the QFE indicates that a graduate student or faculty member is broadly familiar with the full range of theories, approaches, and debates within a subfield or research theme. The value of the QFE as a form of certification, however, depends on the extent to which the subfield or theme is cohesive in and of itself as well as whether departmental lists draw on a common pool of publications. This article investigates the value of the QFE by examining the cohesiveness of 16 Canadian politics PhD QFE lists. Our findings suggest that it is problematic to assume that scholars who pass a QFE share a common knowledge base.
3
Igboanusi, Herbert. "Knowledge, Use, and Attitudes Towards Americanisms in Nigerian English." World Englishes 22, no. 4 (November 2003): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2003.00326.x.
Full text
4
Byng, Michelle D. "RACE KNOWLEDGE." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 14, no. 1 (2017): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x17000042.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis analysis addresses race knowledge or the connection between race identity and the ability to designate what is socially legitimate. It problematizes race inequality in light of neoliberal, post-Civil Rights racial reforms. Using qualitative data from interviews with second-generation Muslim Americans, the analysis maps their understanding of the racialized social legitimacy of Brown, Black, and White identities. Findings address how racial hierarchy is organized by racial neoliberalism and the persistence of White supremacy. They show that White racial dominance continues in spite of claims of post-racialism. Moreover, second-generation Muslim Americans position their Brown and Black racial identity as subordinate to White racial identity, but Brown and Black races are different rather than hierarchically positioned in reference to one another. The respondents bring neoliberal globalism as well as U.S. racial dynamics to bear on their understandings of racial hierarchy and racialized social legitimacy.
5
Sharrief, Anjail Z., Brenda Johnson, Sharon Abada, and Victor C. Urrutia. "Stroke Knowledge in African Americans: A Narrative Review." Ethnicity & Disease 26, no. 2 (April 20, 2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.2.255.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the state of knowledge in regard to stroke literacy in African Americans. This topic is important for assessing the specific gaps in stroke knowledge for this population, as well as to evaluate the methodology that has been used to assess stroke literacy.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This narrative review includes studies that evaluated and reported stroke knowledge in African Americans and were published between January 2000 and October 2015.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Our review revealed that disparities may exist in recognition of headache and visual symptoms, knowledge of the organ in which stroke occurs, and identification of tobacco use as a risk factor. Stress may be perceived as a more important risk factor among African Americans than among White Americans. The literature does not suggest disparities in knowledge of the appropriate action to take for stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Racial disparities may exist for specific domains of stroke knowledge. Future studies should explore specific gaps in knowledge to be addressed in stroke prevention interventions for African Americans. Standardization of methods is needed to aid comparisons across populations. The relationship between stroke knowledge and clinical outcomes also needs to be evaluated. <em>Ethn Dis.</em> 26(2):255-262; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.255</p>
6
Kleinberg, Mona S., and Richard R. Lau. "The Importance of Political Knowledge for Effective Citizenship." Public Opinion Quarterly 83, no. 2 (2019): 338–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfz025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract General political knowledge is a central variable in American politics research. Individuals with high political knowledge exhibit behaviors that are consequential to a well-functioning democracy, including holding more stable political opinions, exhibiting greater ideological constraint, knowing more about political candidates, and being more likely to vote correctly. In this paper, we examine whether the internet revolution, enabling citizens to look up anything at any time, has changed the relative importance of political knowledge in American politics. We show that important generational differences exist between Americans raised during the broadcast era and Americans raised with the presence and accessibility of the internet. Internet access can be a substitute for political knowledge stored in long-term memory, particularly among this younger generation, who may be relying on the internet to store knowledge for them.
7
Burlew, Ann Kathleen. "Age Differences in Knowledge about HIV Transmission among African-American Men and Women." Psychological Reports 101, no. 3_suppl (December 2007): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.4.1133-1140.
Full textAbstract:
To test whether knowledge about HIV transmission may be one contributing factor to the disproportionately high rates of HIV and AIDS cases among older African Americans, this study examined data from 448 African-American men and women, who completed the AIDS Knowledge and Awareness Scale. Overall the findings supported the hypothesis that older African Americans were not as knowledgeable as their younger counterparts. However, the analyses also indicated older (age 61+) African-American women were significantly less knowledgeable about HIV transmission than the younger women. However, the difference between older and younger men was not significant. One implication is that older African Americans, especially women, should be targets of educational efforts.
8
Batool, Sanniya Sara, Shahbaz Khalid, and Nafees Parvez. "Demarcation and Preservation of Indigenous Knowledge and Culture. A Deconstructive Study of Mad Bear." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-i).21.
Full textAbstract:
Literary studies have historically focused on Native American literature as a reflection of the cultural and cultural history that underpins anthropological research. However, recent studies in Indigenous studies call for the themes and perspectives that see Indigenous past and present writers working on the idea of a state of dissolution that will work to regain ancestral memory and recognition with hegemonic trends of Euro Americans among other things. This paper attempts to clear the obscurity that Indians and Euro Americans are happily merged now having their hybridized identities and culture. BOYD wrote a cohesive, or national, life narrative that works on the concept of storytelling and ancestral memory that revives the historical narrative surrounding the tribal-centric mission and contributes to the re-interpretation of the monarchy and colonial practices by Euro Americans.
9
del Castillo, Richard Griswold. "The Los Angeles "Zoot Suit Riots" Revisited: Mexican and Latin American Perspectives." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 16, no. 2 (2000): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1052202.
Full textAbstract:
The so-called Zoot Suit riots in Los Angeles in June of 1943 made Latin Americans more aware of the negative racial attitudes within the United States toward Mexicans. Through the publicity surrounding the riots, they also first learned of the existence of a large ethnic group of Mexican origin. This knowledge, however, often came with an additional message that the Mexican American culture was not worthy of esteem by respectable people. / Los disturbios llamados "Zoot-Suit" que ocurrieron en Los Angeles en Junio 1943 hizo saber a los latino americanos que las actitudes de los norteamericanos hacia los mexicanos no eran muy positivas. A través de la publicidad durante los disturbios, aprendieron por la primera vez de la existencia de un gran grupo étnico de origen mexicano en los Estados Unidos. Desgraciadamente esta información vino con otro mensaje que la cultura de los mexicoamericanos no era digna de honor por la supuesta gente decente.
10
Shaw, Ashley R., Briana Bright, Jaime Perales Puchalt, Eric Vidoni, Gabriela Amparan, and Broderick Crawford. "EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AMONG OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3166.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing public health problem that continues to disproportionally impact African Americans. African Americans are twice as likely to be afflicted with AD compared to non-Latino Whites. However, continued lack of inclusion of African Americans in clinical research trials may reduce the generalizability of future treatments. We investigated how culturally tailored prevention education impacted knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of AD among older African Americans. We also assessed how culturally tailored prevention education impacted participation in clinical research trials among older African Americans. Researchers delivered “Aging with Grace,” a culturally tailored dementia program to community and faith-based organizations. Demographic information, knowledge of AD, and beliefs of clinical research trials were collected using pre- and post-surveys. In addition, information from community members interested in enrolling in a clinical research study was acquired. A total of 66 community members attended “Aging with Grace” from March to August 2019. 32% of participants perceived an increase in AD knowledge. Most participants (89.1%) believed that more African Americans should participate in research and 29 (44%) expressed interest in enrolling in clinical trials (observational – 73.2%, prevention – 68.2%, treatment – 24.4%). Most participants (93.1%) rated the presentation highly informative and 78% reported that the presentation was very applicable to their daily life. Overall knowledge of AD and interest in participating clinical trials improved with culturally tailored education. Future research should explore ways of enhancing knowledge and participation to enhance inclusion in prevention and treatment trials.
11
Cohen, Cathy J., and Matthew D. Luttig. "Reconceptualizing Political Knowledge: Race, Ethnicity, and Carceral Violence." Perspectives on Politics 18, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592718003857.
Full textAbstract:
What is political knowledge? We argue that the traditional measure of political knowledge is limited, as it represents one domain of facts that people should know about American politics. This domain of knowledge is rooted in the liberal-democratic face of the state and neglects other political knowledge generated from the carceral face of the state. We argue that knowledge of carceral violence, especially against African Americans, represents a separate domain of knowledge that is particularly relevant to marginalized communities, especially black youth. Once we include carceral violence in our measures of political knowledge, established patterns of whites having more political knowledge than Blacks are reversed. Using a novel measurement strategy and based on a nationally representative survey of over 2,000 young people, we find that knowledge of carceral violence is distinct from measures of what has been called general political knowledge. Finally, we find that knowledge of carceral violence has distinct correlates from the standard knowledge battery and its relationship to political participation varies by racial group but tends to depress the political participation of African Americans. Our findings raise the question of what comprises relevant and important political knowledge today and for which communities.
12
BROGAN, HUGH. "W. H. Auden, Benjamin Britten, and Paul Bunyan." Journal of American Studies 32, no. 2 (August 1998): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875898005921.
Full textAbstract:
Somewhat to the surprise of the critics and the public, the exiled company of the Royal Opera House had a great success with their production of Benjamin Britten's “operetta,” Paul Bunyan, just before Christmas, 1997. Everyone knew the difficulties in advance – for instance, the piece has absolutely no dramatic momentum – but no one seems to have foreseen that the splendid music would carry all before it in a theatre, or that a highly accomplished cast would find so many moments of real comedy and pathos in performance. Even now it is hard to imagine the piece entering the regular repertory, but it is easy to foresee frequent revivals, and still more frequent concert performances.To an Americanist, however, the work presented as many unexpected problems as pleasures. The fault was entirely W. H. Auden's. His libretto is in many respects as brilliant and beautiful as the music (though at times it sinks to doggerel) but the theme he expounds sticks in my craw. Once upon a time the New World, he says, was nothing but virgin forest. Then Paul Bunyan, the giant, was born, and dreamed of felling trees – of being the greatest logger in history. And such he became. When the forests had all been cleared, “America” had emerged – the America of the farmer, the clerk, the hotel manager, and Hollywood. Paul Bunyan therefore moved on, leaving his followers with the message, “America is what you make it.”The difficulty is not simply that this myth of America seems ecologically and historically unsound to anyone who knows something of the pollution and despoliation inflicted by American logging companies; nor even that the total elimination of the natives from the story (except for one reference to fighting Indians) is a grave falsification; nor even that the accumulation of these and many other simplifications produce an effect that in today's terms is politically incorrect and in 1941 seems to have been thought patronizing. It is that to anyone with actual knowledge, however slight, of American history, Auden's myth is so inaccurate as to make any suspension of disbelief largely impossible. To take but one detail: as Auden said himself, Paul Bunyan is a post-industrial-revolution myth: he is a product of the nineteenth-century frontier, in the tall-tale tradition. The loggers, like the mountain men, the boatmen, the cowboys, and the slaves, were at the mercy of large economic forces; they consoled themselves for their impotence by developing the legend of the giant lumberjack who was invincible and omnipotent. The forests were far from virgin: if they were silent it was because first the game and then the original inhabitants had been driven off by the process of European settlement. Even in 1939, when the influence of F. J. Turner was at its height, Auden could have discovered these points – probably did discover them. But he chose to ignore them.
13
Cacciatore, Michael A., Sara K. Yeo, Dietram A. Scheufele, Michael A. Xenos, Doo-Hun Choi, Dominique Brossard, Amy B. Becker, and Elizabeth A. Corley. "Misperceptions in Polarized Politics: The Role of Knowledge, Religiosity, and Media." PS: Political Science & Politics 47, no. 03 (June 19, 2014): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096514000791.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTMany Americans hold distorted views of elected officials and, as our study shows, the blame is due partly to our ideological biases and partly to mass media. Analyzing a nationally representative online survey, we corroborate recent research that found that one in five Americans still believe president Barack Obama is a Muslim and that almost seven in ten mistakenly think Sarah Palin, and notSaturday Night Live’s Tina Fey, was the first to say “I can see Russia from my house.” Although race, political ideology, and “born-again” or evangelical Christian status were the primary drivers of misperceptions about Obama’s faith, media use had a more crucial role in predicting the more widespread misperception about Palin. Misattribution of the Fey quote to Palin was greatest among heavy viewers of traditional news media and late-night TV comedy, which is suggestive of the “lamestream media” effect often espoused by prominent Republican figures.
14
Eichler-Levine, Jodie. "Imagining Mary Magdalene." Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 7, no. 1 (January 13, 2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.v7i1.1.
Full textAbstract:
In this article I analyze how Americans draw upon the authority of both ancient, so-called “hidden” texts and the authority of scholarly discourse, even overtly fictional scholarly discourse, in their imaginings of the “re-discovered” figure of Mary Magdalene. Reading recent treatments of Mary Magdalene provides me with an entrance onto three topics: how Americans see and use the past, how Americans understand knowledge itself, and how Americans construct “religion” and “spirituality.” I do so through close studies of contemporary websites of communities that focus on Mary Magdalene, as well as examinations of relevant books, historical novels, reader reviews, and comic books. Focusing on Mary Magdalene alongside tropes of wisdom also uncovers the gendered dynamics at play in constructions of antiquity, knowledge, and religious accessibility.
15
Austin, Diane. "Cultural Knowledge and the Cognitive Map." Practicing Anthropology 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.20.3.t06t68p2661j2674.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural preservation requires that the practices as well as the objects of culture be preserved. Too often, this is overlooked in the preservation of archaeological sites, historic buildings, and traditional cultural properties. As discussed in the articles in this issue, Native American cultures are recognized for their special ties to specific places. Traditionally, American Indians developed an understanding of their environments through regular use of these places and their resources. My work as an applied anthropologist brings me into regular contact with Native Americans, doing natural resource projects and facilitating interactions among tribes and U.S. Federal agencies. Much of my work is done in collaboration with tribes as they play more active roles in decision making about their traditional lands and natural resources, both on and off their reservations.
16
Valenzuela Matus, Carolina. "Los antiguos en el Nuevo Mundo. Reflexiones de los jesuitas José de Acosta y Alonso de Ovalle sobre el origen de los nativos americanos, siglos XVI-XVII." Revista de Historia y Geografía, no. 37 (January 30, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07194145.37.1071.
Full textAbstract:
Durante los siglos XVI y XVII, cronistas y evangelizadores europeos defendieron algunas teorías de poblamiento que sostenían que los nativos americanos provenían de pueblos bíblicos y grecorromanos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las reflexiones realizadas sobre esta materia por los jesuitas José de Acosta y Alonso de Ovalle, considerando que hubo un tiempo en que las exploraciones geográficas y un conocimiento más cabal del continente privilegió el valor de la evidencia y la experiencia. Este artículo pretende demostrar que los jesuitas aquí estudiados tuvieron una postura escéptica sobre estas teorías, adhiriendo a un método racional moderno desde el que realizaron sus propuestas sobre poblamiento, prescindiendo de la presencia de las antiguas civilizaciones pero manteniendo la idea del monogenismo bíblico.Palabras clave: Monogenismo bíblico, tradición clásica, jesuitas, poblamiento.Ancients in the New World. Reflections by Jesuits José de Acosta and Alonso de Ovalle about the origin of Native Americans, 16th-17th centuriesAbstractDuring the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries, European chroniclers and evangelizers defended some settlement theories that held that Native Americans came from Biblical and Greco-Roman people. This article is aimed to analyze the reflections made on this subject by Jesuits José de Acosta and Alonso de Ovalle, considering that there was a time when geographical explorations and a more accurate knowledge of the continent privileged the value of evidence and experience. This article tries to demonstrate that Jesuits here studied had a skeptical position on these theories adhering to a modern rational method from which they made their proposals on settlement, dispensing with the presence of ancient civilizations but maintaining the idea of biblical monogenism.Keywords: Biblical monogenism, classic tradition, Jesuits, settlement.Os antigos no Novo Mundo. Reflexões dos jesuítas José de Acosta e Alonso de Ovalle sobre a origem dos nativos americanos, séculos XVI-XVIIResumoDurante os séculos XVI e XVII, cronistas e evangelizadores europeus defenderam algumas teorias de assentamentos que sustentavam que os nativos americanos procediam dos povos bíblicos e greco-romanos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as reflexões feitas sobre este assunto pelos jesuítas José de Acosta e Alonso de Ovalle, considerando que houve um tempo onde as explorações geográficas e um conhecimento mais preciso do continente privilegiaram o valor da evidência e da experiência. Este artigo pretende demonstrar que os jesuítas aqui estudados tiveram uma posição cética sobre essas teorias que aderiram a um método racional moderno a partir do qual eles fizeram suas propostas sobre o assentamento, prescindindo a presença de civilizações antigas, mas mantendo a ideia do monogenismo bíblico.Palavras-chave: Monogenismo bíblico, tradição clássica, jesuítas, assentamento.
17
Lee, Sunmin, Shumenghui Zhai, Guo (Yolanda) Zhang, Xiang S. Ma, Xiaoxiao Lu, Yin Tan, Philip Siu, Brenda Seals, and Grace X. Ma. "Factors Associated with Hepatitis C Knowledge before and after an Educational Intervention among Vietnamese Americans." Clinical Medicine Insights: Gastroenterology 8 (January 2015): CGast.S24737. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cgast.s24737.
Full textAbstract:
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and cancer. Vietnamese Americans are at high risk of HCV infection, with men having the highest US incidence of liver cancer. This study examines an intervention to improve HCV knowledge among Vietnamese Americans. Study Seven Vietnamese community-based organizations in Pennsylvania and New Jersey recruited a total of 306 Vietnamese participants from 2010 to 2011. Results Average knowledge scores for pretest and posttest were 3.32 and 5.88, respectively (maximum 10). After adjusting for confounding variables, age and higher education were positively associated with higher pretest scores and having a physician who spoke English or Vietnamese was negatively associated with higher pretest scores. Additionally, after adjusting for confounding variables, household income, education, and having an HCV-infected family member significantly increased knowledge scores. Conclusions Promotion and development of HCV educational programs can increase HCV knowledge among race and ethnic groups, such as Vietnamese Americans. Giving timely information to at-risk groups provides the opportunity to correct misconceptions, decrease HCV risk behaviors, and encourage testing that might improve timely HCV diagnosis and treatment.
18
Piercy, Katrina L., Frances Bevington, Alison Vaux-Bjerke, Sandra Williams Hilfiker, Sean Arayasirikul, and Elizabeth Y. Barnett. "Understanding Contemplators’ Knowledge and Awareness of the Physical Activity Guidelines." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0393.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion completed research to understand factors that could encourage Americans to follow the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, released in 2018. This study describes survey research assessing demographic characteristics that might be related to knowledge and awareness of the guidelines. Methods: An online survey of 2050 adult physical activity contemplators assessed knowledge of physical activity, awareness of the guidelines, and knowledge of dosage recommendations. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed, and demographic differences in knowledge and awareness were analyzed using Pearson chi-square tests and Fisher exact tests. Results: Respondents had medium to high knowledge of physical activity, although knowledge varied significantly by socioeconomic factors. Knowledge of dosage recommendations was very low, with 2% and 3% of respondents correctly identifying recommended moderate- and vigorous-intensity doses, respectively. Only 22% were aware of the guidelines; awareness was greater among those with a higher education or income and those without a disability. Conclusions: These findings guided the development of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion’s Move Your Way campaign and reinforced the need to raise awareness of the guidelines and promote behavior change among physical activity contemplators—particularly those from lower socioeconomic groups.
19
Le, Daisy, Alicia Hong, Siu-Kuen Azor Hui, Rajiv N. Rimal, and Hee-Soon Juon. "Assessment of Hepatitis B Virus Screening Behaviors among Asian-Americans through the Lens of Social Cognitive Theory." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 19, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v19i1.2652.
Full textAbstract:
Asian-Americans suffer from significant liver cancer disparity caused by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Understanding psychosocial predictors of HBV screening is critical to designing effective interventions. Chinese-, Korean-, and Vietnamese-Americans in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan region (N=877) were recruited from community-based organizations. Applying the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), three main theoretical constructs (knowledge, outcome expectancy, and self-efficacy) were tested. Descriptive analyses using Chi-square and ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. About 47% of participants reported ever having screening for HBV. Vietnamese-Americans had the lowest HBV screening rate (39%), followed by Korean-Americans (46%) and Chinese-Americans (55%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed significant effects of HBV-related knowledge on screening in all three groups, whereas self-efficacy had significant effects in the Chinese and Korean subgroups, but not Vietnamese. HBV outcome expectancy had no effect on the screening outcome in any of the groups. Additionally, consistent in all three groups, those who had lived in the United States longer were less likely to have screening. HBV screening rates in Asian Americans remain low; targeted interventions need to consider the differences across ethnic subgroups and address the psychosocial risk factors.
20
Nwanna, Gladson, and Darlington Richards. "The Imperative Of Basic Tax Education For Citizens." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 3, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v3i9.481.
Full textAbstract:
The role and impact of taxes in the lives of Americans makes basic tax education an imperative for all Americans. Not only will that knowledge be valuable to the taxpayer, it will also be valuable to the Government that imposes a variety of taxes. Specifically, it is our position that the lack of basic understanding of taxes is unwarranted, long overdue and importantly could be costing the taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars. In this paper, we focus on the personal income tax because it is one of the most recognizable of the taxes and because it does account for a significant amount paid by Americans. While we wholeheartedly agree that basic knowledge of all other types of taxes will equally be valuable, the income tax, we believe, is a good starting point in light of its unique effect on the majority of Americans.
21
Ramirez, Amelie G., Lucina Suarez, Larry Laufman, Cristina Barroso, and Patricia Chalela. "Hispanic Women's Breast and Cervical Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Screening Behaviors." American Journal of Health Promotion 14, no. 5 (May 2000): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-14.5.292.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. This study examined breast and cervical cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors among different Hispanic populations in the United States. Design. Data were collected from a random digit dial telephone survey of 8903 Hispanic adults from eight U.S. sites. Across sites, the average response rate was 83%. Setting. Data were collected as part of the baseline assessment in a national Hispanic cancer control and prevention intervention study. Subjects. Analysis was restricted to 2239 Hispanic women age 40 and older who were self-identified as either Central American (n = 174), Cuban (n = 279), Mexican American (n = 1550), or Puerto Rican (n = 236). Measures. A bilingual survey instrument was used to solicit information on age, education, income, health insurance coverage, language use, U.S.-born status, knowledge of screening guidelines, attitudes toward cancer, and screening participation. Differences in knowledge and attitudes across Hispanic groups were assessed by either chi-square tests or analysis of variance. Logistic regression models assessed the influence of knowledge and attitudes on screening participation. Results. The level of knowledge of guidelines ranged from 58.3% (Mexican Americans) to 71.8% (Cubans) for mammography, and from 41.1% (Puerto Ricans) to 55.6% (Cubans) for Pap smear among the different Hispanic populations. Attitudes also varied, with Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans having more negative or fatalistic views of cancer than Cuban or Central Americans. Knowledge was significantly related to age, education, income, language preference, and recent screening history. Overall, attitudes were not predictive of mammography and Pap smear behavior. Conclusions. Factors related to mammography and Pap smear screening vary among the different Hispanic populations. Limitations include the cross-sectional nature of the study, self-reported measures of screening, and the limited assessment of attitudes. The data and diversity of Hispanic groups reinforce the position that ethno-regional characteristics should be clarified and addressed in cancer screening promotion efforts. The practical relationships among knowledge, attitudes, and cancer screening are not altogether clear and require further research.
22
Hill, D. R., J. R. McCurry, L. P. Elliott, and G. Howard. "SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 508–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119363.
Full textAbstract:
Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.
23
Pan, Wei, Shaoqing Ge, Yin Xu, and Deborah Toobert. "Cross-Validating a Structural Model of Factors Influencing Diabetes Self-Management in Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 30, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659618790085.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to cross-validate a structural model depicting the effects of individual and environmental factors on diabetes self-management in Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was administered to a convenience sample of 209 Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes in the Midwest of the United States. Structural equation modeling was used to cross-validate the model fit. Results: Provider–patient communication indirectly influenced self-management via belief in treatment. Knowledge indirectly influenced self-management via belief in treatment and self-efficacy. Social support indirectly influenced self-management via belief in treatment and knowledge. Discussion: This study demonstrated that the structural model, previously tested with Chinese diabetes patients in China, also fits Chinese Americans in the United States with few modifications. The cross-validated model provides a theoretical basis for developing culturally relevant diabetes self-management interventions for Chinese Americans, which may lead to health improvements in this ethnic population.
24
Castro, Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e. "EVOLUÇÃO DA ICTIOFAUNA DE RIACHOS SUL-AMERICANOS (CASTRO, 1999) REVISITADO APÓS MAIS DE DUAS DÉCADAS." Oecologia Australis 25, no. 02 (June 16, 2021): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.02.
Full textAbstract:
A little more than 20 years after the first publication of Castro (1999), the knowledge of the South American freshwater ichthyofauna, especially that of Brazil, has increased dramatically. This increase occurred both in terms of knowledge of its taxonomic diversity - in 1999, based on various sources in the scientific literature, a total of 2,800 species of South American freshwater fish was estimated, and a total of near 3,500 species it is currently known from Brazil alone - as to the knowledge of its evolution and also ecology. Consequently, all the hypotheses originally proposed in that paper are reexamined and critically discussed here considering this new knowledge accumulated in the past nearly two decades. Although the original 1999 hypothesis that the small adult size of their respective species is a general evolutionary pattern shared by the South American stream ichthyofauna has been firmly corroborated by several studies carried out in many regions of Brazil, the different patterns associated with most of the species of stream fish originally proposed are discussed in this chapter in the light of the new accumulated knowledge about their biology and ecology. Likewise, the possible role of heterochrony in their respective evolution is critically analyzed in the context of the great advance that has occurred in understanding the phylogenetic relationships of component taxa of freshwater neotropical ichthyofauna, using mainly the family Characidae as a possible model. Finally, a recent intriguing idea of the role of respiratory physiology in determining both the maximum size of teleost fish and their patterns of environmental occupation is examined in relation to its possible effect in the evolution of South American stream ichthyofauna.
25
Der Ananian, Cheryl, Donna Winham, Sharon Thompson, and Megan Tisue. "Perceptions of Heart-Healthy Behaviors among African American Adults: A Mixed Methods Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112433.
Full textAbstract:
African Americans have a disproportionately higher risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, and hypertension than other ethnic or racial groups. Data regarding CVD-related perceptions and beliefs among African Americans are limited, particularly in the Southwest US. Assessment of current views regarding health and health behaviors is needed to tailor interventions to meet the unique needs of specific populations. We sought to examine knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of African Americans living in Arizona toward CVD and etiological factors associated with health behaviors and chronic disease development to inform state health agency program development. Transcripts from 14 focus groups (n = 103) were analyzed using Grounded Theory for perceived disease risk, knowledge of CVD risk factors, nutrition, preventative behaviors, and barriers and motivators to behavior change. Participants identified CVD, stroke, and diabetes as leading health concerns among African-Americans but were less certain about the physiological consequences of these diseases. Diet, stress, low physical activity, family history, hypertension, and stroke were described as key CVD risk factors, but overweight and obesity were mentioned rarely. Participants described low socio-economic status and limited access to healthy foods as contributors to disease risk. Focus group members were open to modifying health behaviors if changes incorporated their input and were culturally acceptable. Respondents were 41% male and 59% female with a mean age of 46 years. This study provides insight into CVD and associated disease-related perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes among African Americans in the Southwest and recommendations for interventions to reduce CVD risk.
26
Moore, Sharon E., and Wanda Lott Collins. "African-Americans and Clinical Trials Research: Recommendations for Client Engagement." Advances in Social Work 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2002): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/28.
Full textAbstract:
African-Americans have, without their knowledge and consent, been used as human guinea pigs in scientific and medical experiments by private and governmental organizations. As a result many African-Americans approach the health care industry with caution and apprehension. African-Americans are admonished to remember the atrocities they once experienced and to approach participation in clinical studies with skepticism. This paper presents an historical overview of conspiracy theories, discusses various health issues that affect African-Americans, identifies for whom participation in clinical trials could prove beneficial, and recommends methods that can be used to attract African-American clients as active participants in clinical studies.
27
Ma, Grace X., Lin Zhu, Steven E. Shive, Guo Zhang, Yvette R. Senter, Pablo Topete, Brenda Seals, Shumenghui Zhai, MinQi Wang, and Yin Tan. "The Evaluation of IDEAL-REACH Program to Improve Nutrition among Asian American Community Members in the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173054.
Full textAbstract:
Objective Asian Americans’ food purchasing, cooking, and eating patterns are not well understood. Greater insight into these behaviors is urgently needed to guide public health interventions of dietary behaviors in this population. The present study aims to examine the effects of a community-level intervention on food purchasing and preparation, nutrition knowledge, and health awareness in Asian Americans. Methods From 2015 to 2017, we conducted the Improving Diets with an Ecological Approach for Lifestyle (IDEAL-REACH) intervention to increase access to healthy food or beverage options for the Asian-American population in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Participants (1110 at pre- and 1098 at post-assessment) were recruited from 31 community-based organizations (CBOs). We assessed Asian Americans’ dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge, and awareness of heart health. Results The results of pre-post intervention comparisons showed that the IDEAL-REACH intervention was successful in promoting whole grains consumption, reducing sodium consumption, and raising knowledge and awareness related to nutrition and heart health. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is one of the first initiatives in the U.S. to engage CBOs to promote healthier dietary behaviors. The findings show that CBOs serve as a powerful platform for community-level interventions to improve healthy nutrition behaviors in Asian-American communities.
28
Elfadl, Park, Ullah, Youn, Chung, Son, Lee, et al. "Sertoli Cell Tumor (SCT) in a Captive Black Bear (Ursus americanus)." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6040077.
Full textAbstract:
A black bear of 29-year-old (Ursus americanus) died unexpectedly in captivity without any gross lesions or clinical signs. We identified a firm, lobulated, yellowish tan, and well-circumscribed mass embedded inside the testicular tissue at the time of necropsy. The tumor sections exhibited soft necrotic and hemorrhagic areas beneath its capsule. Histologically, the tumor comprised Sertoli cells arranged in tubules and solid sheets supported by prominent fibrous connective tissues. The Sertoli cells were positive for vimentin and ER-β expression, whereas it showed negative staining for inhibin-α, cytokeratin 19, and S-100. To the best of our knowledge, this is the rare case report of testicular Sertoli cell tumor in black bear.
29
Gibson, Irene, and Mohammed S. Banihani. "How Jordanian Students Learn about Americans? A Case Study at Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 11, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol11iss4pp718-729.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated how educational programs affect Jordanian students‟ perceptions of Americans. Students were from Yarmouk University in Jordan. The focus was twofold: first, to document opinions about Americans and American-related topics. Second, to determine if various educational programs relating to Americans impact opinions about Americans. The focus of the study compared students involved in cultural exchange programs to students not involved in exchange programs. This study was based on a questionnaire distributed to a purposeful sample of undergraduate and graduate students at Yarmouk University. Participation in a cultural exchange program was found to not have a significant effect on opinion of Americans. Program participants reported a greater proportion of “very positive” opinions of Americans, and did not hold “very negative” opinions of Americans, but these differences were not statistically significant. When comparing average opinions on Americans and related questions, exchange participants reported on average more positive opinions in cultural categories, but more negative opinions in governmental categories. The average confidence in knowledge about Americans was higher in exchange participants than the confidence of non-participants. Having a more positive opinion of the U.S., American ideas about democracy, American music, movies, and television, and desire to travel to the U.S. all were significantly associated with a more positive opinion about Americans.
30
Aguskin, Lewinna, and Maryani Maryani. "Investigating the Use of Project-Based Learning in Enhancing Indonesian University Students’ Cultural Knowledge." Humaniora 11, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v11i3.6645.
Full textAbstract:
The research investigated the use of email interview to develop the critical thinking and creativity of the university students in American culture classes. The students conducted email interview with Americans for group project and had group discussion with the Americans. Learning culture was an integral part of learning a language, which was crucial for the Englsih as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners to develop their awareness and understanding of the rich and dynamic cultural aspects of the target language. Thus, providing cultural experiences through project-based learning (PBL) would be motivating for the language learners in exploring the target culture. The data were collected from students’ open-ended online questionnaire and observation notes, which contain students’ interview result and their presentation slides. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used in analyzing the data. The findings indicate that the use of project-based approach is helpful to enhance the students’ understanding and critical thinking skills. Moreover, it is found that the students’ positive attitude has increased due to the use of PBL. They are more critical towards the cultural phenomenon since their communication skill has developed.
31
Strickhouser, Jason E., Ethan Zell, and Kara E. Harris. "Ignorance of History and Perceptions of Racism: Another Look at the Marley Hypothesis." Social Psychological and Personality Science 10, no. 7 (October 22, 2018): 977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550618808863.
Full textAbstract:
Why do White Americans perceive less racism than Black Americans? Two provocative studies on the Marley hypothesis suggest that White Americans are more ignorant of historical instances of racism than Black Americans and that ignorance of history mediates racial differences in perceptions of racism. We conducted two replications of the Marley hypothesis in a different institutional and regional context than prior studies. In contrast with prior findings, the difference between White and Black Americans knowledge of historical racism was not significant in either of our replications and was dramatically smaller than that obtained in prior studies. Thus, the present research failed to replicate the mediation effect found in prior studies. We discuss potential explanations for these discrepant findings (e.g., differences in institution and region) and call for additional research examining whether the Marley hypothesis is moderated by cultural contexts.
32
Brawley, Sean, and Chris Dixon. "Jim Crow Downunder? African American Encounters with White Australia, 1942––1945." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 607–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.4.607.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1941 and 1945, as the U.S. military machine sent millions of Americans——and American culture——around the world, several thousand African Americans spent time in Australia. Armed with little knowledge of Australian racial values and practices, black Americans encoutered a nation whose long-standing commitment to the principle of "White Australia" appeared to rest comfortably with the segregative policies commonly associated with the American South. Nonetheless, while African Americans did encounter racism and discrimination——practices often encouraged by the white Americans who were also stationed in Australia during the war——there is compelling evidence that their experiences were not always negative. Indeed, for many black Americans, Australians' apparent open-mindedness and racial views of white Britons and others with whom African Americans came into contact during the war. Making use of U.S. Army censors' reports and paying attention to black Americans' views of their experiences in Australia, this article not only casts light on an aspect of American-Australian relations that has hitherto recieved scant scholarly attention and reveals something about the African American experience, but also offers insights into race relations within the U.S. armed forces.
33
Tseng, Tung-Sung. "KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD LDCT LUNG CANCER SCREENING AND SMOKING AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.681.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and smoking cessation needs for African Americans who receive Low Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) in an effort to reduce the health burden of lung cancer. A mixed method study was conducted among African Americans who received LDCT. The sample size for both the quantitative and qualitative approach was fifteen. The results showed that 73% of participants were male, the mean age was 61.8(SD=4.6) years old. Smoking history was long but 64% of the patients had a low nicotine dependence. Participants had a moderate/lower knowledge score (Mean=4.3 SD=2.6), and most had a positive attitude. Similar findings were also observed in the qualitative analysis. Understanding the factors associated with smoking cessation among at-risk African American smokers will help reduce disparities in lung cancer burden, and is important to improve health for medically underserved minority populations.
34
Jang, Yuri, Nan Sook Park, David A. Chiriboga, Kavita Radhakrishnan, and Miyong T. Kim. "The Knowing–Doing Gap in Advance Directives in Asian Americans: The Role of Education and Acculturation." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 34, no. 9 (September 13, 2016): 874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909116668518.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The purposes of the present study were (1) to explore the completion rate of advance directives (ADs) in a sample of Asian Americans and (2) to examine the direct and moderating effects of knowledge of AD, education, and acculturation in predicting AD completion. Education and acculturation were conceptualized as moderators in the link between knowledge and completion of ADs. Methods: Using data from 2609 participants in the 2015 Asian American Quality of Life survey (aged 18-98), logistic regression analyses on AD completion were conducted, testing both direct and moderating effects. Results: The overall AD completion rate in sample was about 12%. The AD knowledge and acculturation independently predicted AD completion. No direct effect of education was found; however, it interacted with AD knowledge. The AD knowledge was more likely to be translated into completion in the group with higher education. Conclusions: The AD completion rate observed in the present sample of Asian Americans was much lower than that of the US general population (26%-36%). The interactive role of education helps to explain the gap between AD knowledge and completion and suggests intervention strategies.
35
Boutsicaris, Andrew S., James L. Fisher, Darrell M. Gray, Toyin Adeyanju, Jacquelin S. Holland, and Electra D. Paskett. "Changes in colorectal cancer knowledge and screening intention among Ohio African American and Appalachian participants: The screen to save initiative." Cancer Causes & Control 32, no. 10 (June 24, 2021): 1149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01462-w.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAfrican Americans and Appalachians experience greater incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer due to factors, such as reduced prevalence of screening. An educational session (the Screen to Save Initiative) was conducted to increase intent to screen for colorectal cancer among African Americans and Appalachians in Ohio. Using a community-based approach, from April to September 2017, 85 eligible participants were recruited in Franklin County and Appalachia Ohio. Participants completed a knowledge assessment on colorectal cancer before and after participating in either an educational PowerPoint session or a guided tour through an Inflatable Colon. Logistic regression models were used to determine what factors were associated with changes in colorectal cancer knowledge and intent to screen for colorectal cancer. The majority (71.79%) of participants gained knowledge about colorectal cancer after the intervention. Multivariate results showed that race (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11–0.80 for African Americans versus White participants) and intervention type (OR = 5.97; 95% CI: 1.94–18.43 for PowerPoint versus Inflatable Colon) were associated with a change in knowledge. The association between education and intent to screen was marginally statistically significant (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.16–1.13 for college graduate versus not a college graduate). A change in colorectal cancer knowledge was not associated with intent to screen. Future educational interventions should be modified to increase intent to screen and screening for colorectal cancer. Further research with these modified interventions should aim to reduce disparities in CRC among underserved populations while listening to the voices of the communities.
36
Ware, Kenric, Marty Faile, and Carrie Lynch. "An Analysis of Perceived and Actual Anticoagulant Knowledge among Independent Pharmacy Patients." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 4 (November 17, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i4.3421.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Deficits in knowledge of parameters surrounding anticoagulant therapy administration carry substantial risks for patient harm. Patients prescribed anticoagulants may overestimate their knowledge of anticoagulant use principles. The purpose of this study was to analyze independent pharmacy patients’ perceived versus actual knowledge of their anticoagulation therapies. Methods: A 15-item survey across a dual-site pharmacy location evaluated patients’ confidence in their understanding of anticoagulant prescribing parameters and their awareness of measures to take to safeguard anticoagulant therapy routines. A pharmacist reviewed patient responses to survey items referencing actual understanding of anticoagulant therapies at the conclusion of the survey. Data analyses occurred by gender, age, ethnicity, location, living situation, self-management of anticoagulants, patient perception of anticoagulant safety, and reported receipt of anticoagulant education. Linear regressions were used for statistical analyses, with significance set at p<.05. Results: During the span of three months, 45 patients, 20 females and 25 males, completed the survey. Perceived anticoagulant knowledge did not differ significantly by demographics. Actual anticoagulant knowledge declined by over 20% between age groups 60-69 and 80-89 years old. African Americans displayed 10% lower actual anticoagulant knowledge than Caucasian Americans. Conclusions: This study revealed gaps in knowledge of anticoagulants among patients at an independent pharmacy. An appeal remains for more strategies to assist with knowledge of anticoagulant regimens. Healthcare institutions should continue to incorporate programs geared towards ongoing anticoagulant education, such as question and answer sessions, along with peer support mediums that foster optimal outcomes. Article Type: Original Research
37
Millon Underwood, Sandra, Aaron G. Buseh, Sheryl T. Kelber, Patricia E. Stevens, and Leolia Townsend. "Enhancing the Participation of African Americans in Health-Related Genetic Research: Findings of a Collaborative Academic and Community-Based Research Study." Nursing Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/749563.
Full textAbstract:
The involvement of African Americans in research has long been expressed as a concern by the scientific community. While efforts have been undertaken to identify factors inhibiting the participation of African Americans in health-related research, few efforts have been undertaken to have highlight factors associated with their engagement of health-related research. An exploratory study of factors presumed to be associated with participation in health-related research was conducted among a nonprobability sample of African Americans (n=212) from a large urban community in the Midwest. The study was guided by a framework that hypothesized the influence of knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions about genetics and the involvement of providers in decision-making on willingness to participate in health-related genetic research. The results revealed that knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions about genetics and the involvement of providers were associated with willingness to engage in health-related genetic research (P<.05). The most interesting, however, was that 88.7% of the participants who had not previously been involved in a health-related study who expressed a willingness to participate reported that they “had never been asked.” Study findings suggest the need for research that further examines factors associated with the involvement of African Americans in health-related genetic research.
38
Labode, Modupe. "“Defend Your Manhood and Womanhood Rights”." Pacific Historical Review 84, no. 2 (2014): 163–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2015.84.2.163.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes African Americans’ protest against the movie The Birth of a Nation in Denver in 1915 and the protest’s impact on the May 1916 municipal election, in which African Americans shifted their support from the Republican to the Democratic mayoral candidate. This essay contributes to the scholarship on African American activism during “the long civil rights movement” and the role of the idea of respectability in that activism. This essay first argues that protests against this film had political as well as cultural significance. African Americans’ political activism in the West furthers our knowledge of black activism in the early twentieth century. Finally, this essay contributes to understanding the local roots of African Americans’ shift from the Republican to the Democratic Party during the early twentieth century.
39
Karataş, İbrahim. "Turks and Other Muslims in the US: An Analysis of Perceptions." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 16, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol16no1.7.
Full textAbstract:
Surveys show that, in the United States, Americans have a less favorable view of Muslims due to various reasons as opposed to American Muslims who conversely favor the American state and population. In line with this fact, this study tries to understand whether the Turkish community living in the US has different views about Americans than American Muslims do. This study makes a comparison because not all ethnic groups in the American Muslim community have the same views about Americans. While analyzing the Turkish community’s perceptions, this study also analyzes the views Americans and Muslim Americans have towards each other. The study compares previous surveys with the survey conducted among Turks living in the US and concludes that Muslims generally have the same perceptions regarding Americans. It also reveals that aside from the basic reasons which result in a negative view towards Muslims, being a small community and fragmented are two significant factors that damage the image of Muslims. In addition, it reveals that a lack of knowledge about each other increases negative perceptions.
40
Pérez, Evaristo, Fátima Linares, José Rodríguez Villanueva, Antonio Vilar, Constantinos Mylonas, Ioannis Fakriadis, Maria Papadaki, et al. "Wreckfish (Polyprion americanus). New Knowledge About Reproduction, Larval Husbandry, and Nutrition. Promise as a New Species for Aquaculture." Fishes 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes4010014.
Full textAbstract:
Four different wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) broodstock batches were maintained in research facilities under different photo and thermo-period conditions, one in Greece, the Helenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR, n = 3) and three in Spain: Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, n = 13) in Vigo, Aquarium Finisterrae (MC2, n = 21) in A Coruña and Consellería do Mar (CMRM, n = 11). The CMRM includes two centers that work together: Instituto Galego de Formación en Acuicultura (IGAFA) and Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), both in Pontevedra. During the five years of the project DIVERSIFY (Exploring the biological and socio-economic potential of new-emerging candidate fish species for the expansion of the European aquaculture industry, 2013–2018) works focused on the reproductive biology of the species, broodstock, and larvae nutrition and development of incubation and larval rearing protocols have been carried out. In terms of reproduction, catch methods of new wild animals, the reproductive cycle, sperm characteristics evaluation, and spontaneous and induced spawning methods have been described for wreckfish. Regarding nutrition, the positive effect of two types of enrichment on the fatty acid profiles of Artemia and rotifer has been verified. The relationship between the fatty acid profile of the diets supplied to the broodstock and the fatty acid profile obtained in the oocytes and eggs of the females fed with different diets, has also been demonstrated. Finally, early larval ontogeny has been described and incubation and larval rearing protocols have been proposed based on the results obtained in the different experiments of temperature, growth, survival, and larval feeding that were carried out.
41
Merid, Beza. ""Stroke's No Joke": Race and the Cultural Coding of Stroke Risk." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 2, no. 2 (October 12, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v2i2.28804.
Full textAbstract:
Stroke is a leading cause of death in the US that disproportionately affects African Americans. In a 2009 PSA campaign, the American Stroke Association’s Stroke’s No Joke campaign collaborated with African American stand-up comedians to promote symptom recognition and discourage delays in care seeking among African Americans. Rather than frankly articulating their disproportionate incidence of and death from stroke, however, this campaign hailed African Americans and their stroke risk using an overly broad construction of blackness. This article joins the others in this special feature in examining how blackness becomes an object of knowledge production in medicine by considering how stroke risk becomes racially and culturally coded.
42
Marshall, H. Dawn, Edward S. Yaskowiak, Casidhe Dyke, and Elizabeth A. Perry. "Microsatellite population structure of Newfoundland black bears (Ursus americanus hamiltoni)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 9 (September 2011): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-056.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated population structure of black bears ( Ursus americanus hamiltoni Cameron, 1957) from insular Newfoundland using the microsatellite profiles of 12 loci from three broadly distributed areas (Northern, Baie Verte, and Bonavista peninsulas). Our goals were to revisit earlier findings of low heterozygosity in Newfoundland and increase knowledge of intraspecific variability in black bears, and make inferences about postglacial colonization and contemporary movements of island black bears. Ninety-three individuals (42 males) were identified among 543 hair samples: 21 from Bonavista, 25 from Northern Peninsula, and 47 from Baie Verte. Genetic diversity is relatively low (HE = 0.42) and decreases from northwest to southeast. Small but significant subpopulation differentiation revealed by F statistics is greatest between Northern and Baie Verte peninsulas; it is lower and comparable in the remaining pairwise comparisons. We hypothesize that postglacial colonization proceeded from the Northern Peninsula southeastward. Bears migrated from the Northern Peninsula to Baie Verte at some more distant time in the past, then diverged by genetic drift. More recently, migration occurred from these two populations to Bonavista, characterized by positive FIS indicative of admixture. Tests of biased dispersal and posterior probability of correct assignment to locality reveal contemporary movements of both males and females with historical dispersal attributable to males.
43
Wu, Yuning, and Charles Klahm. "Self-Protection, Routine Activities, and Victimization: Studying Arab Americans in Metro-Detroit." Violence and Victims 34, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 1030–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00157.
Full textAbstract:
Despite continued publicity after 9/11, knowledge on Arab Americans' experience with criminal victimization remains limited and narrowly focused. Based on face-to-face interview data collected from a random sample of residents in the Detroit metropolitan area, this study compared the prevalence and covariates of property and violent crime victimization between Arab and non-Arab Americans. The main finding was promising as Arab and non-Arab American respondents reported similar victimization risks across six crime types. Less encouraging was that Arab Americans were significantly less likely than their counterparts to use self-protective measures, which were found to have a significant risk-reduction effect regarding property crime victimization. In addition, there was a significant, negative correlation between the likelihood of moving in the next 5 years and risk of victimization. Finally, regularly carrying a large amount of cash was associated with a higher risk of violent victimization for non-Arab Americans, but not Arab Americans. Implications for future research and policy are provided.
44
Faust, Marie-Eve, and Micaela Surchi. "Gen Y’s, Italians’ and Americans’ perception of cashmere." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 43, no. 10/11 (October 6, 2015): 1013–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2014-0085.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand and compare Generation Y’s knowledge and perceptions of cashmere as a luxurious fibre. Design/methodology/approach – Dual qualitative-quantitative approach, comprising interviews with cashmere farmers and suppliers plus a structured questionnaire completed by 334 young Italians and Americans. Data were analysed statistically for comparison and interpretation. Findings – Interviews confirmed the literature and provided insights why cashmere is “branded” as luxurious; e.g. comes from combing the undercoat of cashmere goats thus it is rare, expensive, very warm, light, and soft. Quantitative analysis showed: the majority (+85 per cent) of the young Italians and Americans perceive cashmere fibre as luxurious and expensive, although statistically Americans participants perceive it as more luxurious and more expensive. For example, 75 per cent Italian, 85 per cent Americans think it is expensive, (µ=2.914/4 and µ=3.156/4, respectively). Americans do not perceive it as being as rare as the Italian group. Italians were more able to answer the question about richness of the fibre. Lastly and surprisingly both groups knew very little about the origin: 40 per cent of both groups thought it comes from sheep whereas 20 per cent from Alpaca. Practical implications – While neither sample knew the source, they both mentioned they would like to know more about the origin, attributes, etc., opening the door to marketing experts. Originality/value – This study complements and enhances the relatively limited body of knowledge in the academic and professional literature and provides useful information for producers, suppliers, retailers, and especially marketers of cashmere.
45
Gilens, Martin. "Political Ignorance and Collective Policy Preferences." American Political Science Review 95, no. 2 (June 2001): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401002222.
Full textAbstract:
In contrast with the expectations of many analysts, I find that raw policy-specific facts, such as the direction of change in the crime rate or the amount of the federal budget devoted to foreign aid, have a significant influence on the public’s political judgments. Using both traditional survey methods and survey-based randomized experiments, I show that ignorance of policy-specific information leads many Americans to hold political views different from those they would hold otherwise. I also show that the effect of policy-specific information is not adequately captured by the measures of general political knowledge used in previous research. Finally, I show that the effect of policy-specific ignorance is greatest for Americans with the highest levels of political knowledge. Rather than serve to dilute the influence of new information, general knowledge (and the cognitive capacities it reflects) appears to facilitate the incorporation of new policy-specific information into political judgments.
46
Hüller, Alexandre, Geraldo Ceni Coelho, Osório Antônio Lucchese, and Jorge Schirmer. "A comparative study of four tree species used in riparian forest restoration along Uruguay River, Brazil." Revista Árvore 33, no. 2 (April 2009): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622009000200011.
Full textAbstract:
Silvicultural and ecological knowledge about tree species is basic to restoration planning, particularly in high diversity regions. Here we present a comparison of four native tree species from the middle Uruguay River basin, Brazil-Argentine frontier: Heliocarpus americanus L. (Malvaceae), Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. (Moraceae), Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) and Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud. (Boraginaceae). We obtained data on initial growth, light interception, litterfall and litter mineral contents. H. americanus presented the greatest height and the lowest value of height/crown width ratio. H. americanus and M. tinctoria presented the highest light interception rate (>94 %) and highest litterfall (879 ± 151 and 792 ± 164 g·m-2·year-1, respectively). For the set of species, the lowest litterfall occurred between July and September. H. americanus presented the highest K concentration (1.13%) in the litter, while C. trichotoma had the highest values of Ca and Mg (6.35 and 2.02 %, respectively). S. terebinthifolius had the lowest light interception rate and litter mineral content.
47
Smith, Renée. "MOORE AND DESCARTES MEET IN A BAR." Think 11, no. 31 (2012): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147717561200005x.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophers typically distinguish between a priori and a posteriori beliefs, knowledge, justification, and propositions. A belief is a priori if it is derived from reason, and it is a posteriori if it is derived from sense experience. Similarly, we would say that we know a priori that ‘a closed, n-sided figure has n interior angles’ because our knowledge is derived from reason in that we understand the concept of a closed, n-sided figure and thus know the statement is true. On the other hand, we know a posteriori that ‘Americans drive on the right’ because in justifying this belief, we appeal to sense experience; perhaps we have seen for ourselves that Americans drive on the right or we've read about it in a book or seen it in a movie.
48
Omolafe, Alexander, Michele Mouttapa, Shari McMahan, and Sora Park Tanjasiri. "We are Family." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v8i1.2034.
Full textAbstract:
This cross-sectional study sought to describe an association between family history of type-2 diabetes and the awareness of risk factors, perceived threat and physical activity levels in African Americans. With a prevalence of 11.8%, African Americans remain disproportionately affected by the epidemic of diabetes. A risk factor that cannot be modified, but is important and closely linked with diabetes expression, family history, can be a considerable tool in promoting behavior change and reducing the risk of developing the condition in African Americans. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 133 church going African Americans, with 55 of them with a positive family history of type-2 diabetes (41.4%) and 78 (58.6%) without. None of the participants had been previously been diagnosed with type-2 diabetes. The results from the study indicated that African Americans with positive family history had a greater knowledge of risk factors, were more likely to indicate that their concern about the disease influences their eating habits and physical activity, and engaged in significantly more physical activity than those with no family history.
49
Nwokeji, G. Ugo, and David Eltis. "The Roots of the African Diaspora: Methodological Considerations in the Analysis of Names in the Liberated African Registers of Sierra Leone and Havana." History in Africa 29 (2002): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172169.
Full textAbstract:
Europe and the Americas have long dominated studies of transatlantic exchanges and much more is known about European participation in the Atlantic world than of its African counterpart. Current knowledge of how those parts of Africa located a few miles away from the African littoral contributed to the early modern Atlantic World is particularly sparse. This is despite the fact that the slave trade was the largest branch of transatlantic migration between Columbian contact and 1870, and that it is becoming apparent that Africans and indigenous Americans helped shape the new political and economic power structures, as well as the post-Columbian worlds of culture and labor.Assessments of the impact of any group on the global stage must begin with the nature of the group itself, and thus efforts to raise the African profile in Atlantic scholarship and to focus on the agency of Africans must quickly face the contentious issue of ethnicity. From the broadest perspective, it is odd that the way the ancestors of the Atlantic World defined themselves should have become so much more contentious among Africanists and Afro-Americanists than among those scholars who study Europe and Europeans overseas. At the outset of the repeopling of the Americas, the European state existed in nascent form in only Spain, Britain, and France. The predominance of the nation-state in the way the world is organized in the twenty-first century—rather than its status in 1492—has perhaps led scholars to stress the contrasts between Africa and Europe on issues of early modern nationhood, and, more generally, human identity.
50
Jardina, Ashley, and Michael Traugott. "The Genesis of the Birther Rumor: Partisanship, Racial Attitudes, and Political Knowledge." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics 4, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rep.2018.25.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA growing body of work has examined the psychological underpinnings of conspiracy theory endorsement, arguing that the propensity to believe in conspiracy theories and political rumors is a function of underlying predispositions and motivated reasoning. We show, like others, that rumor endorsement can also be a function of individuals’ group attitudes. In particular, among white Americans, birther beliefs are uniquely associated with racial animus. We merge this finding with other work which shows that rumors are more strongly endorsed by the individuals most motivated and capable of integrating them among their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs. We find, therefore, that it is white Republicans who are both racially conservative and highly knowledgeable who possess the most skepticism about Obama's birthplace.