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Journal articles on the topic 'Americký dolar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Janáček, Kamil, and Luboš Komárek. "Will Us Dollar Continue as the World Most Important Reserve Currency?" Politická ekonomie 60, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.829.

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2

Di Ció, Mariana. "Zurita: el poema como memorial del dolor." América, no. 52 (November 19, 2018): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/america.2313.

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3

Moiseev, S. "The Dollar Marches around the World." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2003): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-3-76-90.

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A great debate is taking place in many countries of the American Continent and in Central and Eastern Europe on the need and benefits of abandoning the national currency in favor of the dollar. The paper analyzes the theories of the central banking and the official dollarization and looks into the perspectives of dollarization in Latin America.

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4

Jameson, Kenneth P. "Latin America and the Dollar Bloc in the Twenty-first Century: To Dollarize or Not?" Latin American Politics and Society 43, no. 4 (2001): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2001.tb00186.x.

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AbstractThe choice of exchange rate regime is a continuing challenge to Latin American policymakers, who currently face pressure to dollarize their economies. The constraints imposed by the “dollar bloc,” the informal but powerful currency bloc that ties Latin America to the dominant currency, are central to that choice. Current weak economic performance has called the bloc's norms and principles into question and has made the exchange rate an open issue. Ecuador's full official dollarization is one possible strategy for countries with political stability but poor economic performance to gain access to needed dollar resources. Most of Latin America, however, will continue with variants of managed floating exchange rates, and the periodic foreign exchange crises will provide access to official dollar resources and facilitate renegotiation of the terms of outstanding debt.

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5

Siregar, Novrida, and Eko Wahyu Nugrahadi. "ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF INFLATION, INTEREST RATE, THE MONEY SUPPLY ON RUPIAH EXCHANGE RATE PERIOD 1996-2014." Quantitative Economics Journal 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/qej.v8i1.23609.

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The data source is from Bank Indonesia (BI), the result of this research shows that the domestic inflation has a significant positive influence to rupiah exchange rate toword American Dollar, and cash rate ratio has a negative influence to Rupiah exchange rate with American Dollar, while overseas inflation, domestic interest rate , overseas interest rate they do not have significant influence toword Rupiah exchange rate with American Dollar. From the determination coefficient result (R2) show that the subject which has been researched can explain 93,11 percent toword Rupiah exchange rate while the rest 3,89 percent can be explained by other subject out of model.

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6

Bulat-Silva, Zuzanna. "Some remarks on “pain” in Latin American Spanish." "Happiness" and "Pain" across Languages and Cultures 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2014): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.1.2.06bul.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the Spanish counterpart of pain, that is, the lexeme dolor. It seems that dolor, different from both English pain and French douleur, has two clearly distinguishable meanings, dolor1 referring to physical (and emotional) sensation of pain, and dolor2, a quite frequent emotion term belonging to the domain of “sadness.” This article examines different lexical occurrences of the word dolor, coming inter alia from tango lyrics, in order to support the above hypothesis.

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7

Rosenberg, Emily S. "Dawn of the Almighty Dollar." Current History 113, no. 766 (November 1, 2014): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.766.332.

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8

Hastuti, Pebri. "FENOMENA KURS RUPIAH SEBELUM DAN SELAMA COVID-19." NIAGAWAN 9, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/niaga.v9i3.18936.

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Pandemi COVID-19 pertama kali diumumkan oleh pemerintah pada 2 Maret 2020. COVID-19 telah menyebabkan banyak dampak pada berbagai sektor perekonomian di Indonesia. Tidak hanya di Indonesia bahkan dampak Covid-19 telah mengganggu mata rantai ekonomi dunia. Bahkan, berpotensi menimbulkan krisis ekonomi di sejumlah negara jika tidak ditangani dengan cepat dan tepat. Khususnya pada nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar Amerika Serikat (AS) yang semakin hari semakin melemah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kurs rupiah sebelum dan selama terjadi covid-19. Penulis menggunakan instrumen penelitian kepustakaan, studi dokumentasi, browsing internet, dimana data yang diambil merupakan data skunder dari instansi terkait yang di peroleh dari publikasi Bank Indonesia melalui data Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate (Jisdor), data yang di peroleh dari Jisdor tersebut yaitu kurs rupiah terhadap dolar AS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan alat analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode uji beda yaitu Wilcoxon Test dengan bantuan program komputer SPSS Versi 21. Dimana datanya diambil dari tanggal 7 Novermber 2019 sampai 28 Februari 2020 sebelum terjadi covid-19 dan selama terjadinya covid-19 pada tanggal 2 maret sampai 30 Juni 2020. Metode tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan diantara kurs rupiah sebelum dan selama terjadi pandemi. Hasil pengolahan data didapat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kurs rupiah sebelum dan selama pandemi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa merebaknya penyebaran Covid-19 di masyarakat akan semakin melemahkan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap Dollar Amerika. Kata Kunci: Pandemi covid-19, kurs rupiah ,kebijakan moneter AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic was first announced by the government on March 2, 2020. COVID-19 has caused many impacts on various economic sectors in Indonesia. Not only in Indonesia but the impact of Covid-19 has disrupted world economic chains. In fact, it has the potential to cause an economic crisis in a number of countries if it is not dealt with quickly and appropriately. Especially in the exchange rate of the rupiah against the United States of America (US) which is increasingly weakening. This study aims to determine differences in the rupiah exchange rate before and during the co-19. The author uses library research instruments, documentation studies, internet browsing, where the data taken is secondary data from relevant agencies obtained from Bank Indonesia publications through Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate (Jisdor) data, data obtained from Jisdor is the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar. This study uses quantitative methods with data analysis tools used are different test methods namely Wilcoxon Test with the help of the computer program SPSS Version 21. Where the data is taken from 7 November 2019 to 28 February 2020 before covid-19 and during covid-19 on March 2 until June 30, 2020. The method aims to find out significant differences between the rupiah exchange rates before and during the pandemic. The results of data processing showed that there were significant differences between the rupiah exchange rates before and during the pandemic. So it can be concluded that the spread of Covid-19 in the community will further weaken the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US Dollar. Keyword: Covid pandemic 19, rupiah exchange rate, monetary policy

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9

Nikolic, Goran, and Predrag Petrovic. "DA LI ĆE KINESKA VALUTA TOKOM 2020-IH DOBITI GLOBALNI STATUS?" Nacionalni interes 40, no. 1/2021 (May 31, 2021): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/ni.4012021.9.

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Pandemija KOVID-19 i s njom povezana ekonomska kriza katalizuje rebalans u globalnoj moći, od Zapada ka Istoku, što se odražava i na valutna tržišta. Procene su da će značajno ojačati uticaj renminbija (RMB) tokom treće decenije 21. veka, da bi na kraju tog perioda on postao treća najveća rezervna valuta. Ovo je povezano sa rastućom spremnošću stranih investitora da uđu na jedno od retkih tržišta kapitala za koje se očekuje značajan rast u post-KOVID-19 eri, pre svega zahvaljujući ubrzanju liberalizacije kineskog finansijskog tržišta i očekivanoj apresijaciji RMB tokom 2020-ih. Kineski pomaci na razvoju prve suverene digitalne valute će takođe imati veliku važnost za internacionalizaciju RMB. Ogromna veličina kineske ekonomije, koja će 2028. verovatno prestići američku, i rastuća uloga RMB-a predstavljaju do sada najozbiljniji izazov za SAD i dolar. U nadolazećem multipolarnom svetu može se zamisliti da dolar nastavlja da igra pretežnu, ali ne kao sada ekskluzivnu ulogu, u međunarodnoj trgovini i finansijama. Dakle, jasno je da je RMB još uvek daleko od svetske rezervne valute, koja zahteva punu konvertibilnost i potpunu liberalizaciju tržišta kapitala, ali se put ka tropolnom monetarnom sistemu, koga bi činili dolar, evro i renminbi, nazire.

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10

GARSON, ROBERT. "Counting Money: The US Dollar and American Nationhood, 1781–1820." Journal of American Studies 35, no. 1 (April 2001): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187580100651x.

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The success of the Founding Fathers in building a nation has for a long time attracted a sense of marvel. That admiration is well deserved. Political leaders in post-Revolutionary America understood that hard-won liberty could only flourish if there was a popular sense of common enterprise. They needed to create a cultural settlement that gave the idea of national civilization clear meaning. The new state would have to contrast sufficiently to the league of states that had combined to overthrow colonial rule, while still protecting local interests and sensitivities. It was an era that lent itself to imaginative statecraft and the Founding Fathers supplied it through their crafting of a national government and a national society. They appreciated that proper constitutional arrangements would not in themselves suffice to bind the common enterprise. The young republic needed to generate its own cultural and economic mechanisms that would serve to consolidate affinity to the nation. Recent studies on the formation of nationhood in the United States have identified some of these mechanisms in the shape of everyday experience in the forging of an identity that transcended the local community. For example, David Waldstreicher and Len Travers have pointed to the role of festivity and ritual in creation of a national consciousness. They have shown that celebration in the early republic served to reinforce the national implications of the American Revolution.

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11

Atinc, Guclu, Yasmine Ocal Atinc, and Matthew Uwakonye. "FEDs Impact On The Value Of Dollar Through Interest Rates." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i1.6733.

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In this study we aimed to demonstrate how the actions of FED indirectly impact the value of American dollar. We specifically hypothesized that when FED encourages banks to borrow more from each other by holding the discount rate higher than the federal funds rate then this should have a negative impact on the value of dollar and also subsequent higher spread between federal funds rate and prime rate. We also hypothesized that as this spread gets larger a subsequent depreciation in dollars value and negative effect on unemployment should be observed. Although we were unable to demonstrate the impact when the spread between the prime rate and federal funds rate is considered, our results show that when FED encourages banks to borrow from each other by holding the discount rate higher than the federal funds rate, the American dollar goes down in value and corresponding larger difference between federal funds rate and prime rate is observed.

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12

Kirshner, Jonathan. "Dollar primacy and American power: What's at stake?" Review of International Political Economy 15, no. 3 (July 31, 2008): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290801928798.

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13

Ristić, Kristijan, Nataša Marjanović, Milosav Miličković, and Zlatko Kadić. "Analiza održivosti, dometi i ograničenja ekonomske politike Evropske unije." Oditor 6, no. 3 (2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor2003137r.

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Problemi sa kojima se suočavaju velike privrede Evrope poput Nemačke i Francuske, minimalni privredni rast, rekordna nezaposlenost, priliv izbeglica, mala verovatnoća privrednog oporavka zemalja članica, ojačan američki dolar i pojačana kontrola američkih banaka nad svim bankarskim transakcijama širom sveta (radi sprečavanja izbegavanja plaćanja poreza) jesu "globalni" razlozi što je sve manje ulaganja u evropske privrede. Kriza javnih finasnija i kriza zajedničke valute evro već godinama unazad usporavaju ekonomski rast i prospretitet EU.

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14

Stell, Lance K. "Review Essay: Herding Cats and Reforming the American Health Care System." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 22, no. 1 (1994): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1994.tb01277.x.

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A recent New York Times/CBS poll shows that nearly 80 percent of respondents think the American “health care system is headed toward a crisis because of rising costs.” Indeed, the public has become well acquainted with ominous-looking graphs that detail the nation’s health care spending. The increasingly steep slope of the graph showing the percentage of gross domestic product spent on health care invites tongue-in-cheek projections for when health care spending will finally consume it all.High aggregate health care expenditures result from the low prices individuals pay for coverage. On average, patients pay only five cents out-of-pocket for every dollar of hospital charges they generate. The remainder is paid by private or public health insurance. Patients pay slightly more for physicians’ services—nineteen cents on each dollar. For health care of all types, patients pay approximately twenty-four cents on each dollar. With individuals paying what amount to fire sale prices for health care, it should come as no surprise that they purchase a great deal of coverage.

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15

Mustaqim, Muhammad Irsyad, Saparuddin Mukhtar, and Tuty Sariwulan. "EFFECT OF INTEREST RATE, INFLATION AND NATIONAL INCOME TO RUPIAH THE AMERICAN DOLLARS IN 2006-2016." Econosains Jurnal Online Ekonomi dan Pendidikan 15, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/econosains.0152.06.

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This research aims to analyze the effect of interest rates, inflation and national income against the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar. As for the data used in this research is secondary data, with this type of time series data in the period 2006-2016 obtained from Bank Indonesia and the World Bank. The method of this research method using exposé facto. Data analysis techniques used in this research is the analysis of multiple regression. By using multiple regression analysis model, the output shows that interest rates (X 1) positive and significant effect of the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar up (Y). Inflation rate (X 2) do not affect the exchange rate of the rupiah significantly to top u.s. dollars (Y). National income (X 3) a positive effect of the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar up (Y). Of test results by looking at their significance value F = 0.000 then it can be said to be 0.05 < simultaneously interest rates, inflation and national income effect significant at α = 5% against the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar in the year 2006-2016. The value of the coefficient of determination (R2) acquired for 0.660 has a sense that the rupiah exchange rate over the US dollar can be explained by the level of interest rates, inflation and national income amounted to 66% while the rest is explained by other factors that do not exist in the model for this research.

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16

KRINER, DOUGLAS L., and ANDREW REEVES. "Presidential Particularism and Divide-the-Dollar Politics—CORRIGENDUM." American Political Science Review 109, no. 3 (August 2015): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055415000362.

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On page 157 of the article by Kriner and Reeves in the February 2015 issue of American Political Science Review, the author of a book by Hart (1995) is incorrectly cited as House. On page 170, the reference incorrectly lists the author as House and the publisher as M.E. Sharpe. The publisher is in fact Chatham House. The correct reference is below.

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17

Curran, Charles E. "Being Catholic and Being American." Horizons 14, no. 1 (1987): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900037063.

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The story of Catholicism in the United States can best be understood in light of the struggle to be both Catholic and American. This question of being both Catholic and American is currently raised with great urgency in these days because of recent tensions between the Vatican and the Catholic Church in the United States.History shows that Rome has always been suspicious and fearful that the American Catholic Church would become too American and in the process lose what is essential to its Roman Catholicism. Jay Dolan points out two historical periods in which attempts were made to incorporate more American approaches and understandings into the life of the church, but these attempts were ultimately unsuccessful.In the late eighteenth century, the young Catholic Church in the United States attempted to appropriate many American ideas into its life. Recall that at this time the Catholic Church was a very small minority church. Dolan refers to this movement as a Republican Catholicism and links this understanding with the leading figure in the early American church, John Carroll. Carroll, before he was elected by the clergy as the first bishop in the United States in 1789, had asked Rome to grant to the church in the United States that ecclesiastical liberty which the temper of the age and of the people requires.

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18

Ziobro, Melissa. "“The almighty dollar will buy you, you bet/ A superior class of coronet:" Biographical Sketches of NJ's Gilded Age "Dollar Princesses"." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v4i2.131.

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Season one of the acclaimed historical drama Downton Abbey was set in 1912, but a key element of the show’s storyline, known to all dedicated viewers, occurred years earlier, off screen, when a wealthy, young American heiress named Cora Levinson of Cincinnati married the British Robert Crawley, Viscount Downton, the future Earl of Grantham. As part of their marriage contract, Cora’s fortune would be tied to the Grantham family’s failing estate to prevent it from going bankrupt. In return, Cora would eventually earn the title of Countess of Grantham. While Downton Abbey’s Granthams are fictional, the idea of wealthy American heiresses marrying impoverished European noblemen is not. There were by some counts close to 500 of these marriages in the decades between the end of the Civil War and WWI, and several of the brides had ties to NJ. Who were these women? Can we know what motivated them? Did they find happiness? And how did their “loves lives” impact social norms, transatlantic relations, and the U.S. economy?

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19

Moore, Colin D. "State Building Through Partnership: Delegation, Public-Private Partnerships, and the Political Development of American Imperialism, 1898–1916." Studies in American Political Development 25, no. 1 (April 2011): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x11000034.

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In the first decades of the twentieth century, the United States transformed itself from a commercial republic into a major international actor and acquired its first overseas colonies and dependencies. This article investigates the role of public-private partnerships between American state officials and American financiers in the management and expansion of American empire. Confronted with tepid support from Congress for further imperial expansion and development, colonial bureaucrats looked to investment bankers to accomplish goals for which they lacked the financial capacity and political support to achieve independently. These partnerships were soon formalized as “Dollar Diplomacy,” an arrangement that would govern America's imperial strategy in the Caribbean. This article highlights two theoretical processes: (1) the downstream effects of congressional delegation decisions and their role in motivating institutional adaptations, and (2) the formation of public-private partnerships as an alternative means of state development, and the unique pitfalls of this approach. To illustrate these mechanisms, this article presents historical narratives, based largely on archival research, on the emergence of this Dollar Diplomacy partnership in the formal American colonies, the spread of this system of imperialism to the Caribbean, and its partial collapse during the early Wilson administration.

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20

Oliver, Melvin L., and Thomas M. Shapiro. "Disrupting the Racial Wealth Gap." Contexts 18, no. 1 (February 2019): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504219830672.

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African-American families possess a dime for every dollar of White families’ wealth. Among policy ideas to remedy this stark racial wealth divide, baby bonds, basic income, reducing student loan debt, and federal job guarantees hold transformative potential.

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21

Seer, Gitelle. "No pain, no gain: stretching the library dollar." Bottom Line 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08880450410519647.

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Based on a presentation originally given at the American Association of Law Libraries’ annual meeting in Seattle, 15 July 2003, ten important, though sometimes underdeveloped, approaches to fiscal management are presented. While originally intended for a law librarian audience, these sound, basic approaches are pertinent to all libraries in general, and especially small libraries located within larger organizations. The need to communicate with non‐library staff and management – and successful ways to do this – is emphasized.

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22

Nagano, Yoshiko. "THE PHILIPPINE CURRENCY SYSTEM DURING THE AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD: TRANSFORMATION FROM THE GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARD TO THE DOLLAR EXCHANGE STANDARD." International Journal of Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (January 2010): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591409990428.

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This article describes the transformation of the Philippine currency system from a gold exchange standard to a dollar exchange standard during the first half of the twentieth century. During the American colonial period, Philippine foreign trade was closely bound to the United States. In terms of domestic investment, however, it was domestic Filipino or Spanish entrepreneurs and landowners who dominated primary commodity production in the Philippines, rather than American investors. How were both this US-dependent trade structure and the unique production structure of domestic primary commodities reflected in the management of the Philippine currency system? To answer this question, this article first discusses the introduction of the gold standard system in the Philippines in the early twentieth century. Second, the de facto conversion of the Philippine currency system from the gold standard to the dollar exchange standard in the 1920s is described, together with the mismanagement of the currency reserves and the debacle of the Philippine National Bank that functioned as the government depository of the currency reserves in the United States. Third, the formal introduction of the dollar exchange standard during the Great Depression is outlined, a clear example of the dependency of the Philippine currency system on the US in the 1930s.

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23

Hamzah, Hamzah, Devi Putri, Andre Riswanto, and Gebila Gebila. "DETERMINAN VARIABEL MONETER TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (IHSG) DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2005 - 2018." Equity: Jurnal Ekonomi 7, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/equity.v7i2.8.

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Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) merupakan salah satu indikator yang menunjukkan keadaan ekonomi pada suatu negara. Semakin baik Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan, maka semakin baik pula perekonomian pada suatu negara tersebut. Di Indonesia Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan mengalami nilai yang fluktuatif dalam rentan waktu tiga belas tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Determianan Variabel Moneter terhadap Indeks Harga Saham di Indonesia pada periode 2005-2018. Variabel Moneter yang digunakan adalah Inflasi dan BI Rate serta terdapat juga variabel pendukung seperti American Dollar dan Politik. Kebijakan Moneter dari pemerintah Indonesia memiliki dampak penting terhadap bagaimana negara-negara ini mengelola pasar modalnya. Metodologi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan analisis regresi dengan perumusan pengaruh antar variabel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Variabel Moneter (Inflasi dan BI Rate), American Dollar, dan Politik memilki pengaruh yang negatif terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan, namun hanya variabel Inflasi yang memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan.

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24

Ikenberry, G. John, David A. Lake, and Michael Mastanduno. "Introduction: approaches to explaining American foreign economic policy." International Organization 42, no. 1 (1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300007116.

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Despite its relative economic decline, the United States remains the dominant power in the world economy. The foreign economic actions taken by American officials, whether they involve trade, technology transfer, or the value of the dollar, continue to have profound consequences for other states in the international system, as well as for American domestic politics and economics. Thus, it is not surprising that the study of American foreign economic policy attracts considerable scholarly attention, and presently constitutes a major portion of the subfield of international political economy.

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GISMONDI, MICHAEL, and JEREMY MOUAT. "Merchants, Mining, and Concessions on Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast: Reassessing the American Presence, 1893–1912." Journal of Latin American Studies 34, no. 4 (November 2002): 845–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x02006570.

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This article reassesses the influence of American business on US foreign policy towards Nicaragua, 1893–1912. It describes three episodes that involved American interests in Nicaragua – the Reyes uprising of 1899, the Emery claim of 1903–1909, and the US & Nicaragua Mining Company claim of 1908–1912 – as evidence for a different interpretation of US policy, one which stresses how the influence and material interests of American ‘men on the spot’ framed the ways in which the State Department came to understand American aims in Nicaragua. Earlier accounts of ‘Dollar Diplomacy’ do not adequately acknowledge the significant political consequences of American merchant activity on the Mosquito Coast.

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Asuar Lopez, Maria Angeles. "Valoración del dolor en pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente de hernioplastia con cirugía ambulatoria en el Hospital Universitario Santa María del Rosell." Enfermería Global 16, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.1.228981.

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Introducción/Objetivos: Se realiza un estudio para valorar la calidad del manejo del dolor hospitalario y extrahospitalario durante las primera 24 horas con la Escala Analógica Visual y Verbal del dolor (EVA) en cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) de los pacientes intervenidos de hernioplastia, conocer los analgésicos más utilizados y confirmar que tienen un adecuado control del dolor (EVA ≤ 3). <br /><br />Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y descriptivo para valorar el Dolor Agudo Postquirúrgico (DAP) y los analgésicos precisos para controlar el dolor; desarrollado en el Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación del Hospital Universitario Santa Mª del Rosell del Área II de Cartagena durante los meses de octubre a diciembre de 2014. Los participantes fueron individuos mayores de edad intervenidos quirúrgicamente de hernioplastia con riesgo anestésico según el sistema de clasificación American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II, y III muy seleccionados. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows versión 19.0. <br /><br />Resultados: Participaron 70 individuos. Refirieron EVA≤1 un 80% al ingreso en reanimación, un 98,6% al alta en reanimación, un 82,6% al alta del CMA y un 87% en su domicilio. Todos fueron infiltrados con anestésico local y los analgésicos más utilizados fueron los “no opiáceos”.<br /><br />Conclusiones: La mayoría de los individuos durante las primeras 24 horas postquirúrgicas refirieron un EVA ≤ 1 presentando un adecuado control del dolor, siendo los analgésicos “no opiáceos” los más utilizados junto con las infiltraciones locales<br /><br />

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27

Henning, C. Randall, and I. M. Destler. "From Neglect to Activism: American Politics and the 1985 Plaza Accord." Journal of Public Policy 8, no. 3-4 (July 1988): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00008643.

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ABSTRACTUS exchange rate policy shifted in 1985 from unilateralist nonintervention to actively promoting dollar depreciation and multilateral cooperation. Pressures from producer interests, particularly multinational companies making manufactured goods, and from sympathetic members of Congress were the most important of multiple forces pushing the US Treasury toward dollar depreciation. Once the Treasury had chosen an activist course, a multilateral strategy had several benefits over a unilateral approach to depreciation. It could better counter the immediate threat to Administration trade policy from Congress, orchestrate depreciation, strengthen Treasury's influence within Washington and shift the burden of adjustment away from US fiscal policy, then frozen, onto other governments. When the trade account is in balance, individual policymakers have flexibility in determining exchange rate policy. But when large trade deficits arise, the domestic political pressures of trade-exposed sectors will dominate personalities and ideas.

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MCKINNON, RONALD I. "CHINA'S NEW EXCHANGE RATE POLICY: WILL CHINA FOLLOW JAPAN INTO A LIQUIDITY TRAP?" Singapore Economic Review 50, spec01 (January 2005): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590805002153.

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Todays' American mercantile pressure on China to appreciate the renminbi against the dollar is eerily similar to the American pressure on Japan to appreciate the yen that began over 30 years ago. There are some differences between the two cases, but downward pressure on Chinese interest rates from foreign exchange risk could lead China into a zero interest rate liquidity trap much like the one that Japan has suffered since the mid-1990s.

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29

Ingham, John N., and Robert E. Weems. "Desegregating the Dollar: African American Consumerism in the Twentieth Century." American Historical Review 104, no. 5 (December 1999): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649441.

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30

Nygren, Edward J. "The Almighty Dollar: Money as a Theme in American Painting." Winterthur Portfolio 23, no. 2/3 (July 1988): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/496373.

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31

Schwartz, Herman Mark. "American hegemony: intellectual property rights, dollar centrality, and infrastructural power." Review of International Political Economy 26, no. 3 (May 4, 2019): 490–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1597754.

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32

Lipsitz, George, and Robert E. Weems Jr. "Desegregating the Dollar: African American Consumerism in the Twentieth Century." Journal of American History 85, no. 4 (March 1999): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2568399.

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33

Schmidt, Hartmut. "In Investorenhand." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 11, no. 08 (August 2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1573863.

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Die Nummer Eins am US-Klinikmarkt, die Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), befindet sich auf dem Rückzug. Ein Konsortium bietet 51 Dollar je Aktie und plant die HCA vom Markt zu nehmen. Dies wird sicherlich nicht der letzte Deal im Gesundheitsmarkt bleiben.

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34

V. Nguyen, Chu, Muhammad Mahboob Ali, and Cory Angert. "Chinese renminbi, Mexican peso U.S. dollar exchange rates and their competitive positions in export markets." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(1).2016.05.

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Since, in the NAFTA era, the Mexican economy is much more advanced in the manufacturing sector than those of other Latin American countries, Mexico competes directly with China for U.S. imports. This study empirically investigates the behavior of the Mexican peso/Chinese yuan, Mexican peso/U.S. dollar, and Chinese yuan/U.S. dollar real exchange rates to determine whether the exchange rate policies serve as contributing factors to the subpar performance of the Mexican economy. The empirical findings suggest that the Mexican, Chinese, and U.S. real exchange rates, over the sample period, prove consistent with predations of the purchasing power parity theory; therefore, exchange rate policies may not be a contributing factor to the poor performance of the Mexican economy

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35

Mettler, Meghan Warner. "Gimcracks, Dollar Blouses, and Transistors: American Reactions to Imported Japanese Products, 1945-1964." Pacific Historical Review 79, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 202–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2010.79.2.202.

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This article examines the changing extent of the Cold War's influence on popular American perceptions of goods made in Japan. Although the National Security Council recommended in 1948 that the United States rebuild Japan's devastated economy to strengthen an anti-communist ally in East Asia (and America's position there), U.S. merchants, consumers, manufacturers, and journalists did not consistently go along with this official economic policy. The American press initially depicted the Japanese economy as needing assistance and producing only cheap, inconsequential products, but as Japan's economy began to recover in the mid-1950s and Japanese manufacturers produced better quality goods, concerns over competition revived racialized wartime rhetoric. Japan's emergence as a successful exporter of high-end merchandise by the 1960s seemed to prove the strength of American-style free market capitalism.

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36

Omrane, Samia. "An analysis of exchange rate risk exposure related to the public debt portfolio of Tunisia: Beyond VaR approach." Panoeconomicus 59, no. 1 (2012): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1201059o.

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The aim of this study is to assess the exchange rate risk associated with the Tunisian public debt portfolio through Value-at-Risk (VaR) methodology. We use daily spot exchange rates of the Tunisian dinar against the three main debt currencies, the dollar, the euro and the yen. Our period of interest is from 02/01/2004 to 31/12/2008. Thetas and Marginal VaR analysis reveal that Japanese yen is the most risky currency constituting the Tunisian public debt portfolio. American dollar appears as a source of risk for the Tunisian external debt but remains less risky than the yen, while, the euro constitutes a hedge currency for exchange risk management associated with the Tunisian public debt portfolio.

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37

Rooth, Tim, and Peter Scott. "British Public Policy and Multinationals during the “Dollar Gap” Era, 1945–1960." Enterprise & Society 3, no. 1 (March 2002): 124–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700005619.

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This article examines the role of British exchange and import controls in stimulating the dramatic increase in overseas (particularly American) multinationals in Britain from the end of the Second World War to the late 1950s, together with the ways in which the government used controls to regulate the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow. Exchange controls were both an important stimulus to inward investment and a powerful and flexible means of regulating its volume and character. Government was relatively successful in using these powers to maximize the dollar balance and industrial benefits of FDI to Britain, given initially severe dollar and capacity constraints, and in liberalizing policy once these constraints receded and competition from other FDI hosts intensified.

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38

Leduc, Sylvain, and Daniel Wilson. "Are State Governments Roadblocks to Federal Stimulus? Evidence on the Flypaper Effect of Highway Grants in the 2009 Recovery Act." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 253–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140371.

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This paper examines how state governments adjusted spending in response to the large temporary increase in federal highway grants under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). The mechanism used to apportion ARRA highway grants to states allows one to isolate exogenous changes in these grants. The results indicate that states increased highway spending over 2009 to 2011 more than dollar-for-dollar with the ARRA grants they received. Rent-seeking efforts are shown to help explain this result: states with more political contributions from the public works sector to the governor and state legislators tended to spend more out of their ARRA highway funds than other states. (JEL H54, H76, R42, R53)

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39

Dinetc, Daria. "Fictive capital and productivity of labor: technological backwardness through the monetary relations." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 09007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016409007.

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The article is devoted to describing system relations of technological stagnation, technical development, labor productivity and monetary standard. It has been shown that world dependence of dollar had based on need to mask labor productivity reduction without inflation methods. It was proven a destruct influence of American economy and its financial structure to quality development of advanced science and technology on a global scale by the comprising analysis of output, number of employers, labor productivity and real investments dynamics on American high-technology industries.

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40

Carte, Norman E., and Brian H. Kleiner. "Managing the Start‐Up Company." Management Research News 16, no. 2/3 (February 1, 1993): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028273.

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The importance of start‐ups to the re‐vitalisation of the American economy cannot be over emphasised. Tomorrow's Fortune 500 is today's garage shop operation. But billion dollar companies do not simply spring into existence. They are born and must survive all the trials and tribulations of infancy and adolescence prior to attaining a healthy maturity.

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41

Chambers, Robert G. "Domestic and International Agricultural Policy Interfaces." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 18, no. 1 (July 1986): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200005331.

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Since 1981, American agricultural export earnings have plummeted from $43 billion to around $29 billion for 1985, a 37 percent decline. Many factors have been offered as partial explanations for this phenomenon: a strong dollar, the continued fallout from the grain embargo placed by the Carter Administration on the Soviet Union, poor American marketing practices in international agricultural markets, debt problems in heretofore rapidly developing third-world countries that had been among our fastest growing export markets, and uncompetitive practices spawned by the foreign trade policies of our major competitors in international agricultural markets.

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42

Aries, Morgan, Gianfranco Giromini, and Gunter Meissner. "A Model for a Fair Exchange Rate." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 09, no. 01 (March 2006): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091506000641.

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Financial markets have developed formulas and models to derive fair values for bonds, futures, swaps, options and other securities. This model derives a fair value of an exchange rate, which might be used as a benchmark for a long-term equilibrium level to stabilize currency markets. The model is based on the value-added tax adjusted purchasing power parity exchange rate. This rate is then modified by five components: the macro-economic component, the foreign currency reserve component, the debt component, the interest rate component, and the political stability/leadership component. With respect to the American dollar, the model shows that the Euro and the Japanese Yen are overvalued compared to its current exchange rate, while the Brazilian Real, the Russian Ruble, the Chinese Yuan and the Australian dollar are currently undervalued.

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43

Officer, Lawrence H. "Integration in the American Foreign-Exchange Market, 1791–1900." Journal of Economic History 45, no. 3 (September 1985): 557–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700034501.

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Integration in the American foreign-exchange market under the nineteenthcentury specie standard is examined using a newly developed series of the dollar- sterling exchange rate and estimates of specie-point spreads. A distinction is made between internal and external integration. The latter is much more important over the entire 1791 to 1900 time span, but by 1881–1900 the market is tightly integrated in both senses. The long-term trend of improved integration is interrupted only by wartime.

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44

Arrieta, Alejandro, Juan Pablo Sarmiento, Meenakshi Chabba, and Weiwei Chen. "Valuing disaster risk reduction neighborhood interventions in informal settlements of Latin American and the Caribbean." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e0242409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242409.

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This study assesses the dollar benefit of a neighborhood approach intervention on disaster risk reduction in small-sized, densely populated, and hazard-prone informal settlements across Latin American and Caribbean countries. We use a life satisfaction approach that assigns a dollar value to gains in wellbeing associated with the neighborhood approach intervention. Our primary data was a survey to a sample of 349 beneficiaries from small towns in Haiti, Guatemala, and Jamaica, and in major cities’ surrounded areas of Peru, Colombia, and Honduras. Out of 14 interventions, we found that community empowerment, physical works in public spaces and urban gardens/food approaches produced a gain of USD1,038 to USD1,241 to individual beneficiaries. Our study suggests a large benefit associated with the neighborhood approach intervention. It also shows that the life satisfaction approach is a promising method for the valuation of non-market and public goods, especially for countries where data on hazards and risks is not available to help monetize risk reductions.

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45

Wade, Robert Hunter. "The Invisible Hand of the American Empire." Ethics & International Affairs 17, no. 2 (September 2003): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00440.x.

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In the field of interstate military affairs it makes sense to talk of an American empire; but not in interstate economic affairs where the world remains thoroughly multipolar. So says Joseph Nye. This essay disagrees with the second part. It proceeds by way of a thought experiment. Imagine you are an aspiring modern-day emperor in a world of sovereign capitalist states. What sort of framework do you create such that (a) it sets the context in which all states and firms have to operate if they are not to exclude themselves from the world economy; (b) it channels normal market competition so as to benefit your firms and citizens disproportionately; and (c) it allows your economic statescraft to operate with fewer constraints than it imposes on everyone else's? The essay argues that the United States has indeed created such a framework since the 1970s, based on dollar dominance and American-centered private (not public) international financial relations. The framework allows the United States to keep spending far more abroad than it earns there–to have more butter and more guns (including military bases)–to a degree that other states cannot; and allows the United States to make the dollar swing high or low in accordance with American conditions, regardless of the costs inflicted on others. This is the paradox of economic globalization: it looks like the “powerless” expansion of communications and markets, but works to enhance the ability of the United States to harness the rest of the world to its rhythms and fortify its empire-like power. Concerted action between Europe and China and the East Asia countries is a vent for hope.

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46

Marek, S. M., I. R. Moncrief, and N. R. Walker. "First Report of Dollar Spot of Buffalograss Caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in Oklahoma." Plant Disease 92, no. 8 (August 2008): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-8-1249b.

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Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.) is a perennial, warm-season grass native to the central plains of North America and a dominant plant over much of the shortgrass prairie ecosystem. Its prostrate growth habit and excellent drought tolerance make it a commercially promising turfgrass species, and numerous turf-type cultivars have been released. In the spring of 2007, the southern plains states experienced prolonged periods of excessive precipitation during which numerous buffalograss swards throughout north-central Oklahoma exhibited symptoms of dollar spot (1). A fungus morphologically identical to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Bennett was consistently isolated from diseased buffalograss leaves collected from three locations in Oklahoma, two from Payne County and one from Logan County. Thirty-day-old seedlings of B. dactyloides (‘Cody’ and ‘Topgun’) and Agrostis stolonifera (‘SR1020’) were inoculated by placing potato dextrose agar (PDA) plugs, colonized by mycelia of each S. homoeocarpa isolate, onto the seedlings' leaves. Sterile PDA plugs were placed on plants as controls. Leaf lesions developed after 4 days only on inoculated plants, and S. homoeocarpa was reisolated from lesions, satisfying Koch's postulates. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified from DNA extracted from cultures of the three buffalograss isolates and a bentgrass isolate using primers ITS4 and ITS5 (2) and sequenced. Sequences were similar to one another (97 to 99% identical), however, two isolates shared a 420-bp, type I intron in the 18S small subunit rDNA. A search of GenBank at NCBI found the ITS sequences were most similar to the ITS regions of other S. homoeocarpa accessions (97% identical). The ITS sequences from the four isolates were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. EU123800–EU123803). To our knowledge, this is the first report of dollar spot on a native, warm-season grass in the United States and the disease appears to be endemic to buffalograss in Oklahoma and Kansas (N. A. Tisserat, personal communication). References: (1) R. W. Smiley et al. Page 22 in: Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press Inc., New York, 1990.

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47

yoskowitz, jeffrey. "American Processed Kosher." Gastronomica 12, no. 2 (2012): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.2.72.

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As America's food system became increasingly industrialized in the twentieth century, it became increasingly difficult for the Jewish community to regulate the foods it ate to comply with kosher law. As American Jews strayed from religious lives, major Orthodox Jewish organizations sought to win back adherents by adapting the ancient ritual of Jewish dietary law to the most complex, modern processing techniques. The result was an elaborate third-party certification system, the first of its kind, which is now the backbone of a billion-dollar industry that thrives today. Within a short span of time, major food corporations were printing kosher certification labels on their packages. Today, two-fifths of food sold in the supermarket come kosher certified. How Jews eat—purchasing packaged products with kosher seals of approval—has fundamentally transformed from the immigrant days on the Lower East Side and the shtetls of Eastern Europe. Consequently, kosher food has become overly reliant on large-scale food production. Small efforts to further adapt the kosher industry to small-scale production and fair-labor rights are underway, though a long way off.

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48

Schell, William. "American Investment in Tropical Mexico: Rubber Plantations, Fraud, and Dollar Diplomacy, 1897–1913." Business History Review 64, no. 2 (1990): 217–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115582.

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The following article examines U.S. investment in Mexico at the turn of the century, focusing on the tropical plantation companies and their promises of enormous profits. Viewed in the light—or shadow—of Dollar Diplomacy, the usual interpretation of such events has been that American investors exported profits and undermined internal development while the U.S. government established political hegemony. This article calls both of these outcomes into question.

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49

Tamayo Perdomo, Gladys, and Cindy Carolina Peña Chavarro. "COMBINACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS DE INTERVENCIÓN FISIOTERAPÉUTICAS SOBRE FUNCIÓN Y FUNCIONALIDAD EN TENORRAFIA ROTULIANA." Revista Colombiana de Rehabilitación 13, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30788/revcolreh.v13.n1.2014.28.

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Se documenta el proceso cursado por un usuario de 48 años de edad, género masculino, con diagnóstico médico ruptura del tendón de cuádriceps, del miembro inferior izquierdo. Ingresó a fisioterapia, se realizó valoración e intervención, bajo el modelo de intervención A.P.T.A (American Physical Therapy Association). El tratamiento en esta lesión es difícil debido al acortamiento del tendón, requiriendo un reforzamiento externo a nivel quirúrgico y de la utilización de diversas técnicas fisioterapéuticas (Matus,2010). Desde fisioterapia, la técnica de Kabat y balonterapia, permiten potencializar la capacidad funcional, logrando la recuperación de la flexibilidad y la fuerza sin generar dolor ni molestias musculares.Como objetivo se buscó determinar la efectividad de diferentes modalidades terapéuticas como técnica de Kabat, balonterapia, hidroterapia (baño simple), y la hidrocinesiterapia, propendiendo a una recuperación funcional en el menor tiempo posible, sin dolor. El estudio corresponde a un estudio explicativo intrasujeto. Se realizó evaluación inicial, luego se realizó la aplicación durante 12 semanas de la técnica de Kabat, combinada con hidroterapia (baño simple) e hidrocinesiterapia (Pazos, 2002); dichas técnicas se ajustaron al programa de rehabilitación de Chaler (2001). Se logró efectos en el sistema musculo esquelético una recuperación sin dolor, a nivel de propiocepción, integridad articular y movilidad, rango de movimiento, desempeño muscular, postura, marcha, locomoción y balance, factores determinantes en el logro de la funcionalidad para la realización de a actividades de la vida diaria. Se documenta efecto positivo de lacombinación de las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas en la recuperación funcional, en menor tiempo y sin dolor.

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50

Guggenheim, Scott. "Resettlement in Colombia The Case of El Guavio." Practicing Anthropology 12, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.12.3.30502wr3355vq505.

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When it was started in 1981, the 250 meter high Guavio hydroelectric project was designed to be one of the highest hydroelectric dams ever built in South America after completion. Although the project was the least cost for greatest gain investment available for meeting Colombia's rising need for power, the project's almost one billion dollar price tag made Guavio the largest capital investment ever made in Colombia.

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