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Journal articles on the topic 'AMES toxicity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Attah, Friday, Moses E. Abalaka, Halimat Abdulsalami, and Philip F. Builders. "Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, druggability and <i>in-silico</i> dermatopharmacokinetics screening of <i>Mitracarpus scaber</i> extract." Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics 23, no. 2 (2024): 1607–18. https://doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v23i2.17.

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Medicinal plants are an important source of natural compounds used in the development of drugs to treat infectious diseases. The plant Mitracarpus scaber has traditionally been used to treat various ailments, including skin disorders. In this study, GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis was used to identify eighteen bioactive components in the methanolic extract of Mitracarpus scaber whole plants. To assess the druggability and skin pharmacokinetics of these phytocompounds, in silico screening was performed using online programs such as Swiss ADME, pkCSM, ADMETLab 2.0, and Stop

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Watson, Rebecca E., Ahmed M. Hafez, Jonathan N. Kremsky, and George O. Bizzigotti. "Toxicity of Binary Chemical Munition Destruction Products: Methylphosphonic Acid, Methylphosphinic Acid, 2-Diisopropylaminoethanol, DF Neutralent, and QL Neutralent." International Journal of Toxicology 26, no. 6 (2007): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810701707551.

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This paper reports the toxicity and environmental impact of neutralents produced from the hydrolysis of binary chemical agent precursor chemicals DF (methylphosphonic difluoride) and QL (2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl ethyl methylphosphonite). Following a literature review of the neutralent mixtures and constituents, basic toxicity tests were conducted to fill data gaps, including acute oral and dermal median lethal dose assays, the Ames mutagenicity test, and ecotoxicity tests. For methylphosphonic acid (MPA), a major constituent of DF neutralent, the acute oral LD50 in the Sprague-Dawley r

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Symonds, Jennifer M., Tomohiro Fujita, Shouhei Aoki, Kazuma Shiota та Claire L. Kruger. "Toxicological assessment of β-galactosidase shows no adverse effects in vivo and in vitro". Toxicology Research and Application 4 (1 січня 2020): 239784732090877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397847320908776.

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A safety assessment for β-galactosidase derived from Aspergillus oryzae (GODO-FAL) was performed. The test article was a concentrated, purified β-galactosidase diluted in glycerin and water with an activity of 10,000 U/mL. A series of genotoxicology tests including micronucleus assay, chromosome aberration assay, and reverse mutagenesis (Ames) assay confirmed that GODO-FAL was not clastogenic or mutagenic at any of the concentrations used, up to 2000 µg/mL for the chromosome aberration assay and 5000 mg per plate in the Ames assay. GODO-FAL was not toxic in acute, repeated oral toxicity, and s

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Pruul, Reet, Hubert Kahn, and Anne Kahru. "Application of the Ames Genotoxicity Assay and the Bioluminescent Toxicity Assay in the Testing of Urine Samples." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 21, no. 2 (1993): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299302100218.

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Urine samples from ski factory, shoe factory and kindergarten workers were analysed using the Ames genotoxicity assay and Biotox™ toxicity test (BioOrbit, Turku, Finland), to screen the occupational exposure of these people to mutagenic and toxic chemicals. Different strains of Salmonella typhimurium were used for the screening of different groups. The assay was performed without S9 mix, i.e. directly acting mutagens were tested. The ski factory workers were grouped according to their specific tasks (compressors and polishers). The urinary mutagenicity of compressors analysed using Salmonella

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Mindubaev, Anton, Edward Babynin, Salima Minzanova, Elena Badeeva, and Yaw Akosah. "White phosphorus genotoxicity." BIO Web of Conferences 31 (2021): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213100018.

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The genotoxicity of white phosphorus was previously evaluated using the Ames test, which demonstrated the absence of toxicity. However, with all the advantages of this method, the use of the Ames test has some shortfallsin assessing genotoxicity. For this purpose, a series of supplementary tests wereconducted, including the SOS-lux test for DNA damaging activity. In the present work,the SOS-lux test confirmed the genotoxicity of white phosphorus. Based on a review of the literature, our results denote a first report on the genotoxic properties of white phosphorus. Allium test showed the mitoto

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Chiu, Yi-Jen, Mun-Kit Nam, Yueh-Ting Tsai, Chun-Chi Huang, and Cheng-Chih Tsai. "Genotoxicity Assessment of Multispecies Probiotics Using Reverse Mutation, Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration, and Rodent Micronucleus Tests." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/254239.

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Genotoxicity assessment is carried out on freeze dried powder of cultured probiotics containingLactobacillus rhamnosusLCR177,Bifidobacterium adolescentisBA286, andPediococcus acidilacticiPA318. Ames tests,in vitromammalian chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus tests in mouse peripheral blood are performed. For 5 strains ofSalmonellaTyphimurium, the Ames tests show no increased reverse mutation upon exposure to the test substance. In CHO cells, the frequency of chromosome aberration does not increase in responding to the treatment of probiotics. Likewise, the frequency of micronucleated

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Traczewska, T. M. "Changes of toxicological properties of biodegradation products of anthracene and phenanthrene." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 12 (2000): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0234.

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The aim of this work was to determine toxicity and mutagenicity of anthracene and phenanthrene and their microbial biotransformation products. The following representatives of different trophic levels of aquatic biocenoses were selected for the toxicological tests: Selenastrum capricornutum, Lemna minor, Daphnia magna and Lebistes reticulatus. Mutagenic properties were determined by Ames test. Results of the analyses confirmed toxicity of studied PAHs for test organisms. Metabolites produced during biological degradation of anthracene and phenanthrene were also harmful for selected representat

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Singer, Edward J. "Consideration of Variables in Evaluation of Toxicity to Skin." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 9, no. 3 (1990): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819009078743.

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Certain systems for estimation of toxicity to skin are discussed, in which fuller consideration of variables led to improved study design and better prediction of human hazard. Three areas are considered: skin irritation; dermal carcinogenesis; prediction of carcinogenic potential (in vitro). (1) Variation in the guidelines of various U.S. and foreign agencies for evaluation of skin irritation and corrosiveness of chemicals was addressed by use of multiple-site patching in the rabbit. Data obtained from this “composite assay,” as well as from other published studies, indicated that no single s

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Ban, Yeon Hee, Myoung Chong Song, Hee Jin Kim, et al. "Development of 6′-N-Acylated Isepamicin Analogs with Improved Antibacterial Activity against Isepamicin-Resistant Pathogens." Biomolecules 10, no. 6 (2020): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060893.

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The development of new aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics has been required to overcome the resistance mechanism of AG-modifying enzymes (AMEs) of AG-resistant pathogens. The AG acetyltransferase, AAC(6′)-APH(2″), one of the most typical AMEs, exhibiting substrate promiscuity towards a variety of AGs and acyl-CoAs, was employed to enzymatically synthesize new 6′-N-acylated isepamicin (ISP) analogs, 6′-N-acetyl/-propionyl/-malonyl ISPs. They were all active against the ISP-resistant Gram-negative bacteria tested, and the 6′-N-acetyl ISP displayed reduced toxicity compared to ISP in vitro. This stu

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Ansari, Abdul S., Mubarik Hussain, Sadi Rehan Khan, Ayesha Badar, and N. K. Lohiya. "Toxicity and Mutagenicity Evaluation Following RISUG Contraception Reversal in Rats." International Journal of Toxicology 37, no. 6 (2018): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581818809473.

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Reestablishment of fertility, after a male contraceptive method, is of great concern. In this context, RISUG (Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance) has been evaluated for its mutagenicity following reversibility with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided into 7 groups, namely, sham-operated control, vas occlusion with RISUG for 90 and 360 days, reversal with DMSO and NaHCO3 after 90 and 360 days, respectively. The testis, cauda epididymis, cauda epididymal spermatozoa, and serum were evaluated for apoptosis and hormonal statu

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11

Slabbert, J. L., and E. A. Venter. "Biological assays for aquatic toxicity testing." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (1999): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0684.

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A number of aquatic toxicity tests have been established for South African use, which include fish and Daphnia lethality tests, microbiotests, and short-term chronic tests. Studies on effluents and surface waters showed that all the tests have a viable role to play in water quality management. The most advantageous use of the tests is in battery form, so that tests can complement each other. The fish and Daphnia lethality tests, and algal growth inhibition test are recommended for regulatory and management purposes of effluents. If receiving water is used for drinking water purposes, the Ames

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Filipic, M., and M. J. Toman. "Ecotoxicological studies using modified ames bioassay." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0594.

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Health and environmental risk assessment of river and wastewaters based on single chemicals is limited by the number of chemicals that can be identified and to those chemicals for which toxicity and mutagenicity data exist. In this study Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay was evaluated as a potentially useful biomonitoring system for river water and wastewater. Standard assay was modified to allow testing of up to 2.5 ml of nonconcentrated water sample and by introducing 90 minutes of preincubation. Mutagenic activity of nonconcentrated samples was compared to the mutagenic activity of XA

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13

Wang, Pengbo, Dongman Wan, Ting Peng, et al. "Acute Oral Toxicity and Genotoxicity Test and Evaluation of Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel Oil." Foods 12, no. 2 (2023): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020293.

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Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil (CCSKO) is one of the important natural medium chain triglycerides (MCT) resources, with more than 95.00% of medium chain fatty acids found in the world, and has various physiological effects. However, CCSKO has not been generally recognized as a safe oil or new food resource yet. The acute oral toxicity test and a standard battery of genotoxicity tests (mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, Ames test, and in vitro mammalian cell TK gene mutation test) of CCSKO as a new edible plant oil were used in the study. The results of the acute oral toxicity test s

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14

Codina, J. C., A. Pérez-García, and A. de Vicente. "Detection of heavy metal toxicity and genotoxicity in wastewaters by microbial assay." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 10 (1994): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0522.

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The effect of wastewater on the sensitivity of toxicity and genotoxicity assays for the detection of heavy metals was evaluated. Five microbiological toxicity tests were used to compare the toxicity of cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, nickel, and zinc, both in deionized water solutions and in wastewater. The toxicity assays employed were: Microtox®, two tests of growth inhibition using Pseudomonas fluorescens, and two spectrophotometric assays of the inhibition of respiration test using baker's yeast and P. fluorescens. Also, the genotoxic effect of the assayed metals was evaluated by using

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Aristyani, Sherry, M. Irsyad Nur, Sri Widyarti, and Sutiman B. Sumitro. "In silico study of active compounds ADMET Profiling in Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb and Tamarindus indica as Tuberculosis Treatment." Jurnal Jamu Indonesia 3, no. 3 (2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jji.v3i3.67.

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Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb and Tamarindus indica L. have been used for a long time by Indonesia local societies as tuberculosis therapy. This study explores the active compounds of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb and Tamarindus indica L that important for suppressing the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and predicts the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the compounds. stringApp of Cytoscape 3.6.0 was used for screening the compounds targeting mycobacteria proteins, then computational tools like SwissADME (http://swissadme.ch/) and admetSAR (http://lmmd.ecust.edu.cn/admetsar1/predict/) were appli

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Kwon, Kyoung-J., Seo-Y. Go, Sue-N. Park, and Yhun-Y. Sheen. "Genetic Toxicity Test of Methylcarbamate by Ames, Micronucleus, Comet Assays and Microarray Analysis." Biomolecules and Therapeutics 15, no. 3 (2007): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2007.15.3.199.

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Petkov, P. I., H. Ivanova, T. W. Schultz, and O. G. Mekenyan. "Criteria for assessing the reliability of toxicity predictions: I. TIMES Ames mutagenicity model." Computational Toxicology 17 (February 2021): 100143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comtox.2020.100143.

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Yang, Yang, Fen Ju Liu, and Qing Fang Liu. "Evaluation of the Effects of Sterilization by Irradiation on Teratogenic Toxicity of Central Vein Catheter." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.414.

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Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the teraogenic toxicity of central vein catheters after irradiation sterilization and provide basis for further application of medical apparatus in future. Methods: central vein catheters were sterilized by irradiation as ISO11137 standard, afterwards, a series of tests including chromosome aberration test, micronucleus test and Ames test were performed to evaluate their teratogenic toxicity. Results: After irradiation sterilization, the samples showed no genetic toxicity (did not cause chromosomal aberrations) and no mutagenic effect, and d

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Safana, Asma’u Ibrahim, Mudassir Badamasi, and Tijjani S. Imam. "Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Mutagenic Potential of River Challawa Impacted by Industrial Effluents Using Ames and Comet Assays." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XII, no. II (2025): 938–51. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2025.12020073.

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Several potential genotoxins found in water samples arise from anthropogenic activities which poses serious environmental concerns worldwide. The use of toxicity tests to evaluate the quality of streams add value by providing site-specific toxicological data. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential industrial effluents from the Challawa Industrial Area released into the river as a point source. This study aimed to identify the extent of industrial effluent’s mutagenicity and genotoxicity to Salmonella typhimurium strains and freshwater mussels using two assays, the

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Ahrweiler, Michael, Wolfgang Meyer, Daniel Perrissoud, and Axel Zander. "Abstract 7278: Non-clinical toxicity studies of S-CP201." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 7278. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-7278.

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Abstract Edelfosine, an anticancer alkylphospholipid, has been widely investigated. Inter alia, it integrates into cell membranes (including mitochondria and ER) and acts via CD95-driven apoptosis, AKT3/PI3K inhibition, phospholipase C and protein kinase C inhibition, and impacts cholesterol metabolism. It exhibits antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects, selectively targets malignant cells, and has shown efficacy in preclinical xenograft models, (e.g metastatic breast and prostate cancers), and in phase 2 trials across tumor types. The main adverse event was dose-dependent, reversible gastr

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Rashid, Mohammad, Md Tanwir Athar, Mohammed Abdelmageed, et al. "Silver Nanoparticles from Saudi and Syrian Black Cumin Seed Extracts: Green Synthesis, ADME, Toxicity, Comparative Research, and Biological Appraisal." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 15, no. 4 (2023): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_381_23.

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Objective: The current study’s objective is to highlight the value of using plant resources to identify key bioactive molecules and implement green chemistry in research and development to meet market demand. Materials and Methods: The black cumin seeds (Saudi and Syria originated) were utilized to make silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which were subsequently confirmed using a UV spectrophotometer and color analysis of reaction mixtures. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs was tested against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, and antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay. Swiss

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Khalaf, Kafa. "In Silico Taste–Toxicity Study of New Hypothetical Hetero-Abiraterone Derivatives." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 9, no. 2 (2022): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i2id156.

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First Iraqi attempt to study drug used for prostate cancer treatment (Abiraterone) that hypothetically reacted with known chemicals classified as Anticancer drug: Tirapazamine (T) and 5-Fluorouracil (F), food additive and preservative: Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (B) and Ethoxyquin (E), and sweeteners: P-4000 (P), Sodium Cyclamate (CS), Alitame (AT), and Saccharin (SA). The second step in this work was computational study of all reactants and the formed products having newly ether, amine, and carboxylic acid ester, and sulphonate bonds by online websites. Taste, toxicity, and ADMET were calculat

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Meng, Fanxue, Nan Mei, Jian Yan, et al. "Comparative potency analysis of whole smoke solutions in the bacterial reverse mutation test." Mutagenesis 36, no. 4 (2021): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geab021.

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Abstract Short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays are useful tools to assess whether new and emerging tobacco products potentially have reduced toxicity. We previously demonstrated that potency ranking by benchmark dose (BMD) analysis quantitatively identifies differences among several known carcinogens and toxic chemicals representing different chemical classes found in cigarette smoke. In this study, six whole smoke solution (WSS) samples containing both the particulate and gas phases of tobacco smoke were generated from two commercial cigarette brands under different smoking-machine regimens

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Odendaal, Antoinette Y., Narendra S. Deshmukh, Tennille K. Marx, Alexander G. Schauss, John R. Endres, and Amy E. Clewell. "Safety Assessment of a Hydroethanolic Extract of Caralluma fimbriata." International Journal of Toxicology 32, no. 5 (2013): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813492827.

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This toxicological assessment evaluated the safety of a hydroethanolic extract prepared from Caralluma fimbriata (CFE), a dietary supplement marketed worldwide as an appetite suppressant. Studies included 2 in vitro genotoxicity assays, a repeated dose oral toxicity study, and a developmental study in rats. No evidence of in vitro mutagenicity or clastogenicity surfaced in the in vitro studies at concentrations up to 5000 μg of extract/plate (Ames test) or 5000 μg of extract/mL (chromosomal aberration test). No deaths or treatment-related toxicity were seen in the 6-month chronic oral toxicity

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Fotso, J., and J. S. Smith. "Evaluation of Beauvericin Toxicity with the Bacterial Bioluminescence Assay and the Ames Mutagenicity Bioassay." Journal of Food Science 68, no. 6 (2003): 1938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb06997.x.

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Liu, Jian, Yang Yang, Fen Ju Liu, and Qing Fang Liu. "Teratogenicity Assessment of Dental Implants." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.420.

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To evaluate the teratogenicity of the dental implant and provide a basis for safe applications of medical products. Chromosome aberration test, micronucleus test and the Ames test of the dental implant samples were performed. The results showed that samples of the dental implant did not cause chromosomal aberrations, nor induced the increase of bone marrow cells micronucleus incidence; Compared with the control groups, the number of revertant colonies did not increase significantly in the dental implant extracts and 1/5, 1/25 diluted groups, both under the activation and non-activation conditi

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Bagchi, Debasis, Yasuhiro Shikishima, Orie Yoshinari, et al. "Safety and Toxicological Evaluation of a Novel Citrus Sudachi Extract Powder." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, no. 10 (2016): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i10.301.

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Background: Citrus sudachi, an evergreen tree found primarily in the prefecture of Tokushima, Japan, is a widely used popular citrus fruit used in cooking and also consumed as a juice. Citrus sudachi peels are rich in flavonoids including sudachitin (5,7,4’-trihydroxy-6,8,3’-trimethoxyflavone), and exhibit potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-diabetic properties, while several limonoids and their glucosides are found in its seeds. We examined the broad spectrum safety of a novel light yellow to golden yellow Citrus sudachi Extract Powder (organic, nutritive) from the dried fruit rind (25

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Borzelleca, Joseph F., Bert N. Ladu, Frederic R. Senti, and John L. Egle. "Evaluation of the Safety of Tara Gum as a Food Ingredient: A Review of the Literature." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 12, no. 1 (1993): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819309140625.

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Tara gum is a potential replacement for locust bean gum for use as a formulation aid, stabilizer, and thickener for food applications. In addition to biochemical and digestibility data, studies assessing the toxicity of tara gum are reviewed. The latter includes three 90-day feeding studies, two in rats and one in dogs; two 2-year feeding studies in rats and one in mice; a 3-generation reproduction study with rats and a reproductive toxicity and teratogenicity study with rats; an Ames reverse mutation assay with five Salmonella typhimurium strains; and a micronucleus test in mice. The feeding

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Han, Zhong, Jianmin Guo, Feibiao Meng, et al. "Genetic Toxicology and Safety Pharmacological Evaluation of Forsythin." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (June 18, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610793.

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Introduction. Forsythin is the main ingredient of Forsythia suspensa and is widely used in treatment of fever, viral cold, gonorrhea, and ulcers clinically. This study aimed to evaluate the potential genetic toxicity of forsythin and its safety for human use. Methods. Based on the Good Laboratory Practice regulations and test guidelines, the genetic toxicity of forsythin was assessed by the Ames test, chromosome aberration (CA) test, and bone marrow micronucleus (MN) test in vivo. In the Ames test, five strains of Salmonella typhimurium were exposed to different concentrations of forsythin in

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Todd, Marque D., Xiaodong Lin, Leon F. Stankowski, Manoj Desai, and Grushenka H. I. Wolfgang. "Toxicity Screening of a Combinatorial Library: Correlation of Cytotoxicity and Gene Induction to Compound Structure." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 4, no. 5 (1999): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705719900400507.

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Combinatorial chemistry has increased the number of compounds available for efficacy and safety assessment by several orders of magnitude and has made high throughput assays essential. To test whether higher throughput toxicity assays could be of utility in screening compounds in early development, a selected set of combinatorial chemistry compounds was screened for induction of 70-Kd heat shock protein (HSP70) and 45-Kd growth arrest and DNA damage protein (GADD45) mRNA levels as well as cytotoxicity, in HepG2 cells, using a 96-well microtiter plate format. Both assays, the branched DNA (Quan

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Wang, Yuanyuan, Li Li, Yanling Mu, et al. "Acute, subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity studies of JointAlive, a traditional Chinese medicine formulation for knee osteoarthritis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (2023): e0292937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292937.

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Aim In vivo and in vitro toxicity tests of JointAlive® were studied in animal models to support the safe use of JointAlive® as a drug for knee osteoarthritis treatment. Methods The acute toxicity study in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was conducted at a 20 g/kg bw/day dose of JointAlive®. For 13-week subchronic toxicity tests, SD rats were orally dosed daily with 0.5, 1.5 and 5 g/kg bw/day of JointAlive®. To assess the potential genotoxicity, Ames test, cellular chromosome aberration and mouse micronucleus test in vivo were carried out. Results Based on a lack of notable findings other than histopa

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Mutiah, Roihatul, Yen Yen Ari Indrawijaya, Tanaya Jati Dharma, and Jamilah Damaiyanti. "In Silico Study on the Effect of Heliannuol A, B, C, D, E Compounds of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Dual PI3K/mTOR (5OQ4) Enzyme." Majalah Obat Tradisional 26, no. 1 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.57411.

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Heliannuol is a sesquiterpene that has a benzoxepine ring, oxepin. Many derivatives of benzoxepine compounds show anticancer activity by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These enzymes play a role in cell proliferation and growth. The study aims to predict the physicochemical properties using Lipinski’s Rule of Five parameters on phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K/Mtor; PDB 5OQ4) enzyme and the toxicity of Heliannuol A, B, C, D, E compounds. The process uses the pkCSM online tool. The validation of receptor 5OQ4 is done using the value parameter RMSD < 2 (Å). Protox onli

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Nugraha, Sony Eka. "Assessing the toxicity and anti-anemia of Beta Vulgaris L.: in silico, phytochemical and antioxidant analysis." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 13, no. 1 (2024): 6285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v13i1.5882.

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The objective of this investigation was to determine the toxicity, anti-anemia activity, betanin content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of Beta vulgaris L. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was implemented to optimize the extraction procedure. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Furthermore, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was employed to ascertain antioxidant capacity, whereas thin-layer chromatography was used to id

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Rewak-Soroczynska, Justyna, Nicole Nowak, Sara Targonska, Agata Piecuch, and Rafal J. Wiglusz. "The Study of Nanosized Silicate-Substituted Hydroxyapatites Co-Doped with Sr2+ and Zn2+ Ions Related to Their Influence on Biological Activities." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44, no. 12 (2022): 6229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44120425.

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Nanosized silicate-substituted hydroxyapatites, characterized by the general formula Ca9.8−x−nSrnZnx(PO4)6−y(SiO4)y(OH)2 (where: n = 0.2 [mol%]; x = 0.5–3.5 [mol%]; y = 4–5 [mol%]), co-doped with Zn2+ and Sr2+ ions, were synthesized with the help of a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique. The structural properties were determined using XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The morphology, size and shape of biomaterials were detected using scanning electron microscopy techniques (SEM). The reference strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherich

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Cezário, Stephanie Priscila de Sousa, Gabriel Veloso Correa, and Luiz Frederico Motta. "<em>In silico</em> pharmacokinetic and toxicological study of Flavone analogues." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 12 (2022): 80782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n12-263.

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Flavone analogs are natural compounds of the flavonoid class that have a wide range of biological activities. The present study aimed to predict, with the aid of in silico methodologies, the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic and toxicological analyzes for three flavone analogues (apigenin, chrysin and luteonlin). The study revealed that the analogues have good oral availability, favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters. The Virtual Screening performed to predict oral bioavailability revealed that all analogues did not violate Lipinski's Rule. The in silico pharmacokinetic

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Romera, J., F. Ventura, J. Caixach, J. Rivera, and R. Guerrero. "Fate and toxicity assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in drinking water using the ames test." Environmental Toxicology & Water Quality 8, no. 4 (1993): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.2530080404.

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Hu, Xiao-bo, Yi Gong, Lei Li, Shao-ping Nie, Yuan-xing Wang, and Ming-yong Xie. "Safety Evaluation of Zinc Threoninate Chelate." International Journal of Toxicology 29, no. 4 (2010): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581810367438.

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The acute toxicity of zinc threoninate chelate was assessed. The oral lethal dose 50% (LD50) was 2710 mg/kg in female rats and 3160 mg/kg in male rats. Genotoxicity was assessed by Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102, by bone marrow mouse micronucleus test and a sperm abnormality test with mice. Thirty-day repeat dose toxicity study was conducted at oral daily doses of 0, 42, 169, and 675 mg/kg in rats. Teratogenicity was assessed at the same daily dose in pregnant rats by gavage. No significant changes in body weight, food consumption, organ weight, relati

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Adane, Fentahun, Kaleab Asres, Wondwossen Ergete, et al. "Composition of the Essential Oil Thymus schimperi and Evaluation of Its Acute and Subacute Toxicity in Wistar Albino Rats: In Silico Toxicity Studies." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5521302.

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Background. In Ethiopian traditional medicine, the aerial part of Thymus schimperi is widely used to treat diseases such as gonorrhea, cough, liver disease, kidney disease, hypertension, stomach pain, and fungal skin infections. However, there is insufficient investigation on the toxic effect of the essential oil of T. schimperi. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the acute, subacute, and in silico toxicity of Thymus schimperi essential oil in the Wistar albino rats. Method. Essential oil of the aerial part of T. schimperi extracted by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC-MS. Th

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Reddy, Gunda, Michael A. Major, and Glenn J. Leach. "Toxicity Assessment of Thiodiglycol." International Journal of Toxicology 24, no. 6 (2005): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810500368878.

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Sulfur mustard (HD) undergoes hydrolysis to form various products such as thiodiglycol (TG) in biological and environmental systems. TG is a precursor in the production of HD and it is also considered as a “Schedule 2” compound (dual-use chemicals with low to moderate commercial use and high-risk precursors). Several toxicological studies on TG were conducted to assess environmental and health effects. The oral LD50 values were >5000 mg/kg in rats. It was a mild skin and moderate ocular irritant and was not a skin sensitizer in animals. It was not mutagenic in Ames Salmonella, Escherichia c

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Lim, Mi Kyung, Ju Yeon Kim, Jeongho Jeong, et al. "Evaluation of Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Aster glehni Leaves and Stems." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (December 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1018101.

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Aster glehni, a traditional plant on Ulleung Island in the Republic of Korea, has been recognized for its multiple medicinal properties. However, potential toxicity and safety analyses of A. glehni have not been previously investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of ethanolic extract of A. glehni leaves and stems (EAG) in terms of genotoxicity and subchronic oral animal toxicity under OECD guidelines and GLP conditions. Toxicological assessments were performed at doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg/day in a 13-week oral repeated-dose toxicity study of EAG in

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Rutherford, L. A., S. L. Matthews, K. G. Doe, and G. R. J. Julien. "Aquatic Toxicity and Environmental Impact of Leachate Discharges from a Municipal Landfill." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 1 (2000): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.003.

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Abstract The final leachate from a municipal landfill, using a wetland tertiary treatment system, and water in the receiving environment were chemically characterized and evaluated for acute and sublethal aquatic toxicity. In addition, the effects of leachate discharges on the benthic macroinvertebrate community were determined. Samples were not acutely toxic to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. There was no detrimental effect on the survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia, although a slight effect on reproduction was detected in river water at the

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Novianty, Riryn. "ANALISIS FARMAKOKINETIK, TOKSISITAS DAN DRUG-LIKENESS LIMA SENYAWA AKTIF BIJI PINANG SEBAGAI ANTIDEPRESAN SECARA IN SILICO." JURNAL INOVASI PENDIDIKAN DAN SAINS 4, no. 1 (2023): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51673/jips.v4i1.1511.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menskrining potensi lima senyawa aktif biji pinang L-phenylalanine, protocatechuic acid, okanin, nicotinic acid, L-tyrosine sebagai antidepresan melalui analisis farmakokinetik dan analisis drug likeness menggunakan aplikasi onlineSwissADME, kemudian prediksi toksisitas dan penetrasi otak melalui hasil 2D radar bioavailabilitas menggunakan aplikasi online ADMETLab. Senyawa yang memenuhi semua parameter adalah L-phenylalanine dan L-tyrosine dengan hasil high GI absorption, no P-gp inhibitor, no CYP1A2 inhibitor, no CYP2D6 inhibitor, yes BBB permeant dan memiliki n

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Mateev, Emilio, Maya Georgieva, Alexandrina Mateeva, and Alexander Zlatkov. "In silico metabolism and toxicity prediction using a knowledge-based approach." Pharmacia 72 (June 18, 2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.72.e158823.

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The application of in silico approaches for predicting metabolic pathways and toxicity profiles has significantly advanced drug discovery and chemical risk evaluation. By harnessing developments in cheminformatics, machine learning, and expert-driven platforms, these computational techniques enable the early assessment of how candidate molecules may be metabolized and their possible toxic effects, often prior to laboratory synthesis or experimental testing. In this study, knowledge-based algorithms were utilized to predict the metabolism and toxicity of a previously identified dual-acting pyrr

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Lugo, Lorena, Camilo Venegas, John Díaz та ін. "Evaluation of Layered Structures Impregnated with Fe or Cu as Catalysts in a Fenton-like Process for the Removal of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Aqueous Solution: Operational Parameters and Ecotoxicity". Water 17, № 7 (2025): 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17071043.

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Endocrine disruptors such as 17α-ethinylestradiol pose significant ecological risks in aquatic environments. This study assessed the catalytic performance of Fe- and Cu-impregnated delaminated clays (DCs) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in a Fenton-like process for EE2 removal. The effects of key parameters—including hydrogen peroxide concentration, initial contaminant load, and catalyst dosage—were analyzed using HPLC-QqTOF. Delaminated clays (DCs) demonstrated higher removal efficiencies compared to layered double hydroxides (LDHs), reaching 55% with Fe and 47% with Cu, while LDHs achie

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Deng, Lihong, Jiandu Lei, Jing He, et al. "Evaluation on Genotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Aqueous Extract fromCyclocarya paliurusLeaves." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/498134.

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Tremendous attentions have been attracted to the foods labeled with natural, green, organic, and nuisanceless conception of healthy diet. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish relative defining guidance for safe assessment of botanicals.Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinsk (family Cyclocaryaceae), called sweet tea tree, is a well-known edible and medicinal plant, which has been widely used in China as drug formulation for the treatment of hypertension and diabetes. Despite its benefits, no reports have been described on the safe assessment ofC. paliurusleaves aqueous extract. In t

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Codd, Ellen E., Hanna H. Ng, Claire McFarlane, et al. "Preclinical Studies on the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Toxicology of Oxfendazole." International Journal of Toxicology 34, no. 2 (2015): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581815569582.

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A 2-week study in rats identified target organs of oxfendazole toxicity to be bone marrow, epididymis, liver, spleen, testis, and thymus. Female rats had greater oxfendazole exposure and exhibited toxicities at lower doses than did males. Decreased white blood cell levels, a class effect of benzimidazole anthelmintics, returned to normal during the recovery period. The no observed adverse effect level was determined to be >5 but <25 mg/kg/d and the maximum tolerated dose 100 mg/kg/d. The highest dose, 200 mg/kg/d, resulted in significant toxicity and mortality, leading to euthanization o

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Araujo, Laura Faria, Cacio Henrique de Souza Pinto, and Luiz Frederico Motta. "<em>In silico</em> pharmacokinetic and toxicological study of Cinnamic Acid analogues." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 12 (2022): 80800–80817. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n12-264.

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Cinnamic acid analogs are natural phenolic compounds that have a wide range of biological and therapeutic activities. The present work aimed to predict, through in silico methodologies, the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic and toxicological analyzes for four cinnamic acid analogues (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and synaptic acid). The study revealed that the analogues have good oral bioavailability, favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters. The Virtual Screening performed to predict oral bioavailability indicated that all analogues do not violate Lipinski's

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Tsai, Cheng-Chih, Sew-Fen Leu, Quan-Rong Huang, Lan-Chun Chou, and Chun-Chih Huang. "Safety Evaluation of Multiple Strains ofLactobacillus plantarumandPediococcus pentosaceusin Wistar Rats Based on the Ames Test and a 28-Day Feeding Study." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/928652.

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Three lactic acid bacterial strains,Lactobacillus plantarum, HK006, and HK109, andPediococcus pentosaceusPP31 exhibit probiotic potential as antiallergy agents, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the safety of these new strains requires evaluation when isolated from infant faeces or pickled cabbage. Multiple strains (HK006, HK109, and PP31) were subject to a bacterial reverse mutation assay and a short-term oral toxicity study. The powder product exhibited mutagenic potential inSalmonellaTyphimurium strains TA98 and TA1535 (with or without metabolic activation). In the short-term oral toxicit

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Clevenger, M. A., D. Turnbull, H. Inoue, et al. "Toxicological Evaluation of Neosugar: Genotoxicity, Carcinogenicity, and Chronic Toxicity." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, no. 5 (1988): 643–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809019540.

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Neosugar, a fructooligosaccharide mixture, was tested for genotoxicity in three assays: (1) microbial reverse mutation assays in Salmonella typhimurium (Ames assay) and Escherichia coli WP2 uvr A, (2) the L5178Y mouse lymphoma TK± mammalian cell mutation assay, and (3) an assay for the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in human epithelioid cells (HeLa S3). Each assay was conducted at a wide range of dose levels, both with and without metabolic activation. Test results gave no indication that neosugar possessed any genotoxic potential. The carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of neos

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Ferraz, E. R. A., G. A. Umbuzeiro, G. de-Almeida, et al. "Differential toxicity of Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Red 13 in the Ames test, HepG2 cytotoxicity assay, and Daphnia acute toxicity test." Environmental Toxicology 26, no. 5 (2010): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20576.

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