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Journal articles on the topic 'Amharic literature'
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Fellman, Jack. "Amharic Cultural Reader (review)." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 1 (2004): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2004.0012.
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Bahrnegash Bellete. "Translating Amharic Poems." Callaloo 33, no. 1 (2010): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.0.0609.
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Bulakh, Maria, and Denis Nosnitsin. "An Old Amharic poem from northern Ethiopia: one more text on condemning glory." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 82, no. 2 (June 2019): 315–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x1900034x.
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AbstractThis article presents a publication and translation (with linguistic and philological commentaries) of a recently discovered piece of Old Amharic poetry, possibly dating to the first half/middle of the seventeenth century. The published text bears the title Märgämä kəbr (“Condemnation of glory”), but its content differs from that of several other Old Amharic poems (not entirely independent from each other) known under the same title. It is only the general idea and the main topics that are shared by all Märgämä kəbr poems: transience of the earthly world, the inevitability of death and of God's judgement, and the necessity of leading a virtuous life. One can thus speak of Märgämä kəbr as a special genre of early Amharic literature, probably originally belonging to the domain of oral literature and used to address the Christian community with the aim of religious education and admonition of laymen.
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Olani, Ararso Baru, Tariku Bekelcho, Asfawosen Woldemeskel, Kibreyesus Tefera, and Degefe Eyob. "Evaluation of the Amharic version of the London measure of unplanned pregnancy in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): e0269781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269781.
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Background Unplanned pregnancy is an important public health problem in both the developing and developed world, as it may cause adverse social and health outcomes for mothers, children, and families as a whole. London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) has been formally and informally validated in multiple and diverse settings. However, there is a dearth of literature on the validation of LMUP in Ethiopia either in the Amharic version or other languages. Objective The general objective of this study was to translate the LMUP into Amharic and evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Amharic-speaking women receiving antenatal care (ANC) service at public health facilities in Arbaminch and Birbir towns. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used for the study. Forward and backward translation of original English LMUP to Amharic was done. A cognitive interview using a pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, inter-item correlations, and corrected item-total correlations while construct validity was assessed using principal components analysis and hypothesis testing. Results Data was collected from 320 women attending antennal care services at selected public health care facilities. LMUP range of 1to 11 was captured. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancies was 19(5.9%), while 136(42.5 were ambivalent and 165(51.6%) were planned pregnancies. The reliability testing demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.799) and the validity testing confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale. In addition, all hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusions Amharic version of LMUP is a valid and reliable tool to measure pregnancy intention so that it can be used by Amharic speaking population in Ethiopia. It can also be used in research studies among Amharic-speaking women to measure unplanned pregnancy.
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Wetter, Andreas. "Rhetoric Means of a Didactic Amharic Poem from Wärrä Babbo." Aethiopica 15 (December 4, 2013): 176–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.15.1.665.
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This article describes aspects of an Amharic manuscript from Wärrä Babbo written in aǧäm, i.e. in the Arabic script. Since this kind of literature is quite widespread in the eastern parts of Wällo and in Yifat, the article begins with an introductive overview of aǧäm literature in Ethiopia and the special position of eastern Wällo as centre of Islamic scholarship and its role for the development of religiously inspired literacy. The philological and linguistic aspects of this type of Amharic literature are exemplified with a tawḥīd poem from eastern Wällo. Besides a detailled treatment of peculiar linguistic feature of the language used in the poem the analysis of the linguistics means that are used by the author to convey his intentions, i.e. the teaching of the basic Islamic tenets to his illiterate co-religionists, form the central content of the article.
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Appleyard, D. L. "Review: Amharic Cultural Reader." Journal of Semitic Studies 49, no. 2 (September 1, 2004): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/49.2.365.
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Leyew, Zelealem. "Code‐Switching: Amharic‐English." Journal of African Cultural Studies 11, no. 2 (December 1998): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696819808717834.
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Gebremariam, Hailay Tesfay, and Abate Demissie Gedamu. "Assessment for learning strategies: Amharic Language Teachers’ Practice and Challenges in Ethiopia." International Journal of Language Education 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v6i2.20505.
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Assessment is the central point of educational progress; it is the assistant to teachers during and after teaching and learning. One of the assessment genres, assessment for learning is referred to gathering information during teaching and learning, to determine students’ success in learning. The study aims to determine the understanding of assessment for learning strategies and challenges may face in Amharic language teachers. The participants selected from all levels of general education (1-12 grades), through cluster random sampling, were 180 Amharic language teachers for a questionnaire survey. In addition, twelve (12) teachers and four (4) teachers were selected through cluster random sampling respectively for an interview and informal conversation. The data acquired through the closed-ended questionnaire was analyzed by a one-sample t-test, while the data obtained through an open-ended questionnaire; interviews and informal conversations were analyzed in qualitative verbal description. The results are presented in two ways; the data from the close-ended questionnaire shows that Amharic language teachers are practice assessment for learning strategies in the classrooms, which is statistically significant (P < 0.01). On the other hand, the data from the open-ended questionnaire shows most Amharic language teachers’ reliance is on the old form of assessment and their awareness assessment for learning strategies is limited. In addition, the challenges, based on the practice of assessment for learning strategies in faced in the language classrooms; lack of transparency, lack of knowledge and experience, school administrative problems, lack of training, and reliance on assessment preference are faced. Based on the findings, the study concludes with recommendations that can be implemented to develop assessment for learning strategies in the language classrooms; to minimize the challenges faced by Amharic language teachers in Ethiopian general education (1-12) schools.
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Haile, Getatchew. "Amharic Poetry of the Ethiopian Diaspora in America: A Sampler." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 15, no. 2-3 (March 2011): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.15.2-3.321.
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This essay offers the first English-language translations of Amharic poetry written by Ethiopian immigrants to the United States. Following an introduction to the Amharic language and the central place of poetry in Ethiopian literature and cultural life, the author discusses the work of four poets. The poems of Tewodros Abebe, Amha Asfaw, Alemayehu Gebrehiwot, and Alemtsehay Wedajo make creative use of Ethiopian verbal constructions reminiscent of traditional war songs and verbal interrogations used in legal contexts. Many of the poems speak eloquently of the personal losses Ethiopians have suffered as a result of their departure from their homeland. The essay includes biographical and ethnographic details about the individual poets and various influences on their compositions. (April 2009)
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Bayisa, Gemechu, Tesfaye Dagnew, and Tesfamariam Gebremeskel. "An Analysis of The Presentation of Human and Democratic Rights Abuses in AMELMAL’S YÄLTÄKOÄCHE GUZO (1974- 2018)." Ethiopian Renaissance Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/erjssh.v10i1.10.
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The main objective of the study is to examine the depiction of democratic and human rights abuses in Amelmal’s, Yältäkoäche Guzo (Unfinished Journey). One of the considerable importances of literature all over the world is its use of sympathetic and attractive literary language to expose basic human right abuses since human rights are also part of human life. Therefore, analyzing the roles of literatures that are written in Amharic language in portraying basic human rights violations is paramount. However, literatures written in Amharic language are not well studied from human rights violation perspectives. This article, therefore, explores how the violations of basic human rights are depicted in the selected novel. Because there was no computable data used, the study considered qualitative research method. Regardless of the system by which a country is ruled, human rights are inviolable because they are innate. The analysis of the novel, however, depicts that the inviolable human and democratic rights of human beings have been violated. The finding of the study showed that the depiction of human and democratic rights violations was explicit. It showed that people’s rights to life, rights to equality, rights to liberty, and rights to election were abused during the two political regimes.
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Baratz, Lea, and Sara Zamir. "Examining Hebrew-Amharic bilingual children's literature in Israel: Language, themes, and power." Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature 49, no. 3 (2011): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bkb.2011.0048.
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Yonas Admassu. "What Were They Writing About Anyway?: Tradition and Modernization in Amharic Literature." Callaloo 33, no. 1 (2010): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.0.0618.
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Steblin-Kamenskiy, Nikolay I. "Homesickness, Violence and Prostitution: Amharic Literature on Labour Migration to the Gulf States." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 9, no. 1 (2017): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu13.2017.106.
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Briottet, Roger. "French, English, Amharic: the law in Ethiopia." Journal of Romance Studies 9, no. 2 (June 2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jrs.9.2.1.
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Briottet, Roger. "French, English, Amharic: the law in Ethiopia." Journal of Romance Studies 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jrs.2009.090201.
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Muradu Abdo. "Major Themes in the Study of Ethiopian Customary Laws (Amharic)." Mizan Law Review 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 423–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v16i2.7.
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The literature covered in this Article reveals different perspectives. On the one hand, there is the idea that customary law systems should be set aside as they are inimical to national development and unity. On the other hand, there is the view that those customary legal systems which do not offend individual rights shall be given due place owing to their multifaceted benefits while only those customary laws which violate individual rights shall be abolished is gaining importance. The issue of whether customary laws should be given recognition on account of collective identity or because of their instrumental value is not addressed in the researches reviewed. The interface between customary law systems and state legal system is not fully investigated in the existing literature on the subject. There is some research conducted on customary law systems of Ethiopia on the initiative and financial support of the Government at Federal or regional levels. The initiative aims at deploying these researches as inputs for legal and institutional reform, to use them for the benefit of the current generation as well as to preserve, improve and pass them on to the next generation. This article recommends that researches on customary law systems of Ethiopia conducted by anthropologists, social workers, historians and political scientists deserve future review as the current article has not considered them. Those customary legal systems of Ethiopia which are not yet studied or insufficiently studied warrant exploration. Notwithstanding various research initiatives with the financial support of international institutions, there is a need to have government-led and financed study on customary systems of the country. There should be an institution which assumes this responsibility. The extent of recognition given to customary law systems in the Federal Constitution, proclamations and policies should be duly examined; and there should be policy and detailed legal framework regarding customary law systems of the Country.
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Cofman-Simhon, Sarit. "African Tongues on the Israeli Stage: A Reversed Diaspora." TDR/The Drama Review 57, no. 3 (September 2013): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00279.
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Over the last decade, Moroccan Israeli and Ethiopian Israeli actors have started to speak Maghrebi and Amharic, respectively, onstage. Their performances indicate a new, nonmainstream theatrical richness and “otherness,” and acknowledge diasporic cultures in Israel. “This is not a ‘trend,’ it is a return,” says a well-known Israeli singer—it is a reversed diaspora.
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Marzagora, Sara. "Songs We Learn from Trees: An Anthology of Ethiopian Amharic Poetry." Wasafiri 37, no. 3 (July 3, 2022): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2022.2067301.
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Leyew, Zelealem. "Amharic personal nomenclature: A grammar and sociolinguistic insight." Journal of African Cultural Studies 16, no. 2 (December 2003): 181–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696850500076302.
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Degol, Aron, and Bebizuh Mulugeta. "Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech in Ethiopia: Observations (Amharic)." Mizan Law Review 15, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 195–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v15i1.7.
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Freedom of expression is one of the human rights enshrined under International human right instruments. However, hate speech in the course of exercising this right has the potential to pose threats on the peace and security of nations and wellbeing of individuals. This has brought about arguments in favor of limitations to expression and against the limitations owing to unintended adverse impact of such limitations in the exercise of freedom of expression. In the Ethiopian case, ‘Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation No. 1185/ 2020’ has been enacted. The Proclamation indicates prohibited acts of hate speech and its exceptions. In particular, the generic terms contained in the definition given to ‘hate speech’ need to be carefully examined. However, the implications of provisions that set exceptions to ‘hate speech’ in the new law have not yet been subject to adequate academic discourse. This article examines these issues. By consulting different international human rights instruments, experience of other countries and scholarly literature, the article examines the appropriateness, constitutionality and implications of the Proclamation on the right to freedom of expression. Moreover, it indicates potential challenges that the exceptions will pose on the process of implementing the Proclamation in real court cases.
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Lombardi-Diop, Cristina. "Filial Descent: The African Roots of Postcolonial Literature in Italy." Forum for Modern Language Studies 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqz058.
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Abstract The essay concentrates on two seminal postcolonial novels by authors of African descent: Cristina Ubax Ali Farah’s Madre piccola (2007) (Little Mother: A Novel) and Gabriella Ghermandi’s Regina di fiori e di perle (2007) (Queen of Flowers and Pearls). It argues that these works give expression to an African diasporic urban generation that is changing the literary legacy of the Horn of Africa. The co-presence of multiple genres, with orality appearing as a strong influence on their written narrative forms, places these novels within the larger formation of a black African literary tradition. By looking at these two novels from an Africanist perspective, the essay takes into consideration their plurilingual interventions, the use of glossaries and linguistic borrowings, alongside the presence of Somali and Amharic cultural references. It highlights the authorial perspective as a ‘filial descent’ that addresses the complexity of a postcolonial generational shift in contemporary African literature. By placing these works within an African literary tradition and showing their critical de-centring of this tradition, the essay reconfigures a possible space of cultural autonomy for African postcolonial writing, away from the Italocentric space of discourse that has so far dominated its critical reception in Italy.
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Gelaye, Getie. "Contemporary Amharic Oral Poetry from Gojjam: Classification and a sample Analysis." Aethiopica 2 (August 6, 2013): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.2.1.537.
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In the preceding discussion, an attempt was made to provide a classification of Amharic oral poems and songs into several themes and genres. Accordingly, such major genres as work songs, children’s poems, war chants and boasting recitals were identified and a description and analysis of selected poems and their role, particularly in local politics and administration, were provided. In their poems and songs, the peasants of East Gojjam critically express their views, attitudes and feelings either in the form of support or protest, towards the various state policies and local directives.Indeed, the Amharic oral poems and songs from the two peasant communities illustrate topics associated with the change of government, land redistribution, local authorities and their administration, as well as a variety of other contemporary issues affecting the rural society. The poems also throw some light on the understanding of the peasants’ consciousness and observations comparing past and present regimes of Ethiopia, besides their power of aesthetics and creative capabilities of the peasants’ poetic tradition.In fact, this can be seen from a wider perspective, considering the function and role of oral literature in an agrarian and traditional society such as the two peasant communities mentioned in this paper. The peasants’ response in poetry to the diverse contemporary politics and local administration need to be studied carefully and considered appropriately in the state’s future rural policies and development projects if it is intended to bring about a democratic system that leads towards a peaceful coexistence among the rural peasantry.
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Fellman, Jack. "BOOK REVIEW:Wolf Leslau And Thomas L. Kane. AMHARIC CULTURAL READER. Aethiopistische Forschungen Bd. 53. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2001." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 1 (March 2004): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2004.35.1.213.
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Dibekulu, Dawit, Tesfaye Dagnew, and Tesfamaryam G/ Meskel. "Melancholy in selected contemporary Amharic novel The novel Yäqənat Zār -“Zār of Jealousy”." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2023-0030.
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Abstract This article aims to analyse the representation of melancholy and to find out the causes and effects of melancholy in the characters in the selected Amharic novels (with reference to the novel Yäqənat Zār (“Zār of Jealousy”). It employs the intrinsic psychoanalytic theory of literature specifically theory of mourning and melancholy. This study is sought with interpretative paradigm, a qualitative approach and descriptive research design to reveal the issue of the novel. The object of the study is novel by Sisay Nigusu Yäqənat Zār (“Zār of Jealousy). It describes how someone (Literary characters in the novel) developed melancholia after the loss of someone loved. The findings of the study indicate that the major characters experienced melancholy, as evidenced by their altered behaviour, alignment, self-blame, death wishes, and paralysis. It was also discovered that the reason behind her melancholy was the unexpected passing of her partner, as well as the loss of his wife and family, respectively.
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Wilmsen, David. "The Demonstrative iyyā-: A Little-Considered Aspect of Arabic Deixis." Arabica 60, no. 3-4 (2013): 332–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005812x645628.
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Abstract The familiar Arabic pronominal object marker iyyā- performs other functions within the language. One of these, the demonstrative, has been recognized in spoken Egyptian Arabic but passes virtually unremarked in written Arabic. Nevertheless, it is so used by writers from the eastern Arabophone world more often than by those from the west. As such, it usually performs four roles in structuring information: expressing contrast, emphatic reflexivity, and two degrees of distal deixis. While modern Arab writers appear to use it demonstratively more often than did those of medieval and classical Arabic, that earlier writers were using it suggests that its demonstrative property is an inherent feature. This is confirmed by comparing object markers in other Semitic languages, which may function as demonstratives in Hebrew and Aramaic, reflexives in Syriac, and in remote deixis in Amharic.
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TUBIANA, JOSEPH. "BRAVE NEW WORDS: LINGUISTIC INNOVATION IN THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC VOCABULARY OF AMHARIC SINCE 1960." Journal of Semitic Studies XXX, no. 1 (1985): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/xxx.1.85.
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Mugler, Joshua. "Eastern Christian and Islamic Manuscripts in Minnesota: Handwritten, Microfilm, and Digital." Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies 8, no. 2 (September 2023): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mns.2023.a916137.
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Abstract: This article is a brief overview of Eastern Christian and Islamic collections in Minnesota, with a focus on the holdings of the largest such collection, located at the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library (HMML) in Collegeville. Minnesota's manuscripts are largely defined by their digital presence and physical absence, as HMML has amassed the world's largest collection of digital manuscript images while the digitized manuscripts remain in libraries around the world. However, HMML holds a (relatively) small collection of physical manuscripts as well, which is the focus of this survey. The collection includes Islamic manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, along with Christian manuscripts in Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Church Slavonic, Coptic, Geʻez, Georgian, Greek, Russian, and Syriac. Highlights include twenty-one Geʻez magic scrolls, three copies of Muḥammad al-Jazūlī's Arabic prayer book Dalāʼil al-khayrāt , late antique Coptic and Greek texts on papyrus and wood, and a Georgian palimpsest fragment with two Syriac undertexts. The article describes the history of the institution and its manuscript holdings and gives an outline of the collection's contents.
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Lusini, Gianfrancesco. "I Codici Etiopici del Fondo Martini nella Biblioteca Forteguerriana di Pistoia." Aethiopica 5 (May 8, 2013): 156–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.5.1.452.
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In the Biblioteca Forteguerriana of Pistoia (Italy), a small collection of Ethiopian manuscripts is kept, entrusted to the Library by the heirs of Ferdinando Martini (1841-1928), “governatore civile” of the Colonia Eritrea from 1897 to 1907. These five manuscripts are catalogued here. Of great philological and artistic relevance is the illustrated Octateuch dated 1438 (Ms. Martini etiop. n. 2 = Zanutto n. 5), probably written in Tigrāy, namely in the monastery of Dabra Seqwert, district of Saḥart. In the XIXth-cent. chronological codex Martini etiop. n. 1 (= Zanutto n. 1), the materials transmitted by the traditional Liber Axumae are considerably enlarged and updated. The homiletic volume Martini etiop. n. 5 (= Zanutto n. 2), previously owned by Eǧǧegāyyahu, the mother of Menilek II (1844–1913), Emperor from 1889 to 1913, dates back to the XIXth cent. and contains various texts, still unpublished. The collection includes also an XVIIIth-cent. Hāymānota ’abaw (Ms. Martini etiop. n. 4 = Zanutto n. 4), closing with the apocryphal Book of the Letter, and a XVII–XVIIIth-cent. History of the Galla (Ms. Martini etiop. n. 3 = Zanutto n. 3), possibly the oldest manuscript of one of the first works of Amharic literature.
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Ullendorff, Edward. "Some further material from the Eugen Mittwoch Nachlass." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, no. 1 (February 1990): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0002125x.
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The controversy as regards the genuineness of the allegedly seventeenth-century Ethiopian philosophers Zär'a Ya‘qob an Waldä Haywät and their two opuscula, known as hatäta ‘examination, inquiry’, has for close on a century generated scholarly discussion. In the footsteps of C. Conti Rossini (RAL, vm, 1899, 43 and RAL, xxix, 1920, 213—23) Mittwoch has adduced weighty arguments against the authenticity of the two tracts, and in his Amharische Version der Soirées de Carthage (Berlinand Leipzig, 1934) he has cited the relevant literature. I do not propose, in the present context, to traverse the same ground once again. The Ga‘az texts of the two hatäta were edited and translated by E. Littmann (CSCO, Scriptores Aethiopici, vols. 1 and 2, Leipzig 1904) and rendered from Ga‘sz into Amharic by Zämänfäs Qaddus Abraha (Asmara, 1955).In the 1920s Eugen Mittwoch's pupil, Dr. Hans Schlobies,2 wrote to Alaqa Dästa,3 who was considered a notable student of Ethiopic literature, to enquire about indigenous knowledge of those two works. Part of the learned Aläqa's reply was published by Mittwoch in the Soirées de Carthage, 3–4, but Mittwoch's Ethiopian Nachlass (now in my possession) contains the original of Alaqa Dästa's letter which I propose to set out here in its entirety:To the honoured Dr. Yohannes Schlobies. While I say ‘let my respectful greetings be to you and your entire family’, I present the compliments appropriate to your distinction. Honoured Sir, so far from being-as you wrote to me-' famous
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Baratz, Lea, and Esther Kalnisky. "The identities of the Ethiopian community in Israel." Journal for Multicultural Education 11, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-12-2015-0041.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the linkage of identity of new and veteran immigrant students of the Ethiopian community in Israel, by examining their attitudes to children’s literature books written simultaneously in Hebrew and Amharic. The data were collected using focus groups of Ethiopian students attending a teacher training college. The main findings revealed that they referred to two major types of identity: one type is an unreconciled identity, characterized by defiance, which seeks to minimize the visibility of one’s ethnic group within the main culture and tries to adopt the hegemonic identity, whereas the other type of identity contains the original ethnic identity and – in contrast to the first type – tries to reconcile it with the hegemonic culture. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study, which emphasis was on participants’ attitudes, beliefs and perceptions (Kalka, 2003). The goals of the research were to examine identity perceptions of students of the Beta Israel community, as they are exposed to bilingual literary works in Hebrew and Amharic. Findings The main findings revealed that they referred to two major types of identity: one type is an unreconciled identity, characterized by defiance, which seeks to minimize the visibility of one’s ethnic group within the main culture and tries to adopt the hegemonic identity, whereas the other type of identity contains the original ethnic identity and – in contrast to the first type – tries to reconcile it with the hegemonic culture. Research limitations/implications This paper has shed light on an important subject and it would be worthwhile to continue the study using other methodologies. Practical implications This paper contributes to the structuring of a cultural code that serves to organize social meaning and establish individuals’ identity. Social implications This awareness enriches the basis of their own values and allows them to enrich their attitude to their future pupils, for example, to recognize the value of local culture versus that of the immigrants’ place of origin, and to develop an understanding and acceptance of the diversity in the classroom. As they take part in building a multicultural Israeli education framework, dealing with identity patterns is also the key to their own integration in society. Originality/value The originality of the study lies in the usage of two new concepts – unreconciled and reconciled – as referring to the immigrants’ identities.
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Shimels, Tariku, Biruck Gashawbeza, and Teferi Gedif Fenta. "Validation of the Amharic version of perceived access to healthcare services for patients with cervical cancer in Ethiopia: A second-order confirmatory factor analysis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 15, 2024): e0300815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300815.
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Background Accessing healthcare services is a multifaceted phenomenon involving various elements, encompassing the demand, identification, reach, and utilization of healthcare needs. The literature offers methods for capturing patients’ perceptions of healthcare access. However, to accurately measure patient perceptions, it is imperative to ensure the validity and reliability of such instruments by designing and implementing localized language versions. Aim The primary aim of this study was to validate the Amharic version of the perceived access to health-care services among patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among cervical cancer patients at oncology centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A consecutive sampling approach was used and data collection took place from January 1 to March 30, 2023. Following initial validation and pretesting, a KoboCollect mobile phone application was employed for data collection. Subsequently, the collected data underwent cleaning in Microsoft Excel and analysis through Amos software v.26 and R programming. Various validity and reliability tests, such as content validity, convergent validity, face validity, divergent validity, known-group validity, and reliability tests, were executed. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis was developed to calculate incremental model fit indices, including CFI and TLI, along with absolute measures, namely SRMR and RMSEA. Results A total of 308 participants were involved in the study, with 202 (65.6%) being patients referred from outside Addis Ababa. The initial evaluation of content validity by expert panels indicated that all criteria were met, with a CVR range of 0.5 to 1, I-CVI values ranging from 0.75 to 1, an S-CVI value of 0.91, and face validity values ranging from 2.4 to 4.8. The internal consistency of items within the final constructs varied from 0.76 to 0.93. Convergent, known-group, and most divergent validity tests fell within acceptable fit ranges. Common incremental fit measures for CFI and TLI were achieved with corresponding values of 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. The absolute fit measures of SRMR and RMSEA were 0.04 and 0.07, indicating good and moderate fit, respectively. Conclusion The study indicated a high internal consistency and validity of items with good fit to the data, suggesting potential accuracy of the domains. A five-domain structure was developed which enables adequate assessment of perceived access to health-care services of patients with cervical cancer in Ethiopia. We suggest that the tool can be utilized in other patient populations with a consideration of additional constructs, such as geographic accessibility.
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McGrath, Marie, Mirkuzie Woldie, Melkamu Berhane, Mubarek Abera, Endashaw Hailu, Ritu Rana, Betty Lanyero, et al. "Mapping the range of policies relevant to care of small and nutritionally at-risk infants under 6 months and their mothers in Ethiopia: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 13, no. 9 (September 2023): e069359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069359.
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IntroductionEvidence gaps limit management of small and/or nutritionally at-risk infants under 6 months and their mothers, who are at higher risk of death, illness, malnutrition and poor growth and development. These infants may be low birth weight, wasted, stunted and/or underweight. An integrated care model to guide their management (MAMI Care Pathway) is being tested in a randomised controlled trial in Ethiopia. Evaluating the extent to which an innovation is consistent with national policies and priorities will aid evidence uptake and plan for scale.Methods and analysisThis review will evaluate the extent to which the MAMI Care Pathway is consistent with national policies that relate to the care of at-risk infants under 6 months and their mothers in Ethiopia. The objectives are to describe the range and characteristics, concepts, strategic interventions, coherence and alignment of existing policies and identify opportunities and gaps. It will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Eligible documents include infant and maternal health, nutrition, child development, food and social welfare-related policies publicly available in English and Amharic. The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework Registry on 20 June 2022 (https://osf.io/m4jt6).Grey literature will be identified through government and agency websites, national and subnational contacts and Google Scholar, and published policies through electronic database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global and Health Information). The searches will take place between October 2023 and March 2024. A standardised data extraction tool will be used. Descriptive analysis of data will be undertaken. Data will be mapped visually and tabulated. Results will be described in narrative form. National stakeholder discussions will inform conclusions and recommendations.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as data consist solely of publicly available material. Findings will be used to evidence national and international policy and practice.
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Pankhurst, Richard. "Reidulf Knut Molvaer, Tradition and Change in Ethiopia: social and cultural life as reflected in Amharic fictional literature, c. 1930–74, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1980, 268 pp., 84 guilders, ISBN 90 04 05998 9." Africa 55, no. 3 (July 1985): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160597.
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Marcus, Harold G. "Prejudice and Ignorance in Reviewing Books about Africa: The Strange Case of Ryszard Kapuscinski's The Emperor (1983)." History in Africa 17 (January 1990): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171827.
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In 1983 Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich issued an English version of Ryszard Kapuscinski's The Emperor, Downfall of an Autocrat, published originally in 1978. Of the fifteen reviews I have read, none was written by an Ethiopianist who might have been expected to know something about Ethiopia's most durable emperor (r. 1916-1974). In other words, the published reviews reflect ignorance about the book's subject, so much so that the critics, to a person, found that the book was not about Ethiopia, or even the emperor, but was about Poland and its then dictator Edward Gierek. They fell for the notion, origanlly invented by the book's bitter Polish readers, that The Emperor was an allegory I They comment, therefore, that Haile Sellassie's story merely “illustrates exactly how the mighty rule, and why, as a result, they fall.” Had I been asked to review Kapuscinski's book, I would have regarded the volume as a serious effort to explain Haile Sellassie and commented accordingly.I would first have stated that Kapuscinski had written a flawed book because he had uncritically believed his informants, several of whom told tall tales about the short monarch. A few examples will suffice to clarify this point. One, Mr. Richard as he is called by several raconteurs, reported that the emperor had a little dog that was permitted to urinate on the shoes of courtiers and that there was a servant whose sole duty was to wipe the offending shoes dry. True, the emperor enjoyed small dogs, but he never would have permitted any animal to humiliate his courtiers. Second, Kapuscinski recounts that the emperor's sole teacher was a French Jesuit, who never was able to inculcate reading into his young charge. In fact, the young Haile Sellassie had several teachers, among them two Capucins but nary a Jesuit. His Ethiopian Capucin, Father Samuel, introduced his student to the classics of Ethiopian and Western philosophical literature and instilled in him a profound respect for reading and learning. Third, Haile Sellassie was, by all reports, a sedulous reader in Amharic, French, and, later, in English. He not only perused books but also reports, newspapers, and magazines. Furthermore, he wrote instructions and orders, giving the lie to Kapuscinski's absurd statement (8): “Though he ruled for half a century, not even those closest to him knew what his signature looked like.”
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Chanie, Tilahun Abere. "The Current Amhara Fano Resistance: Viewed from the Historical Military Tradition of the Amhara People." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (May 28, 2024): 326–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.7.1.1955.
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This paper explores the contemporary Amhara Fano resistance in line with the historical military tradition and warriorhood culture of the Amhara people. Its purpose is twofold: presenting historical facts about Fano's origin and challenging misguided and incomplete portrayals of Fano from media outlets and political commentators concerning Ethiopia’s contemporary politics. The study employs qualitative method, and secondary sources of data from the literature, such as books, journal articles, government and international organization reports, newsletters, and other credible internet sources, are obtained and contextualized for analysis through the qualitative data analysis technique. The paper postulates that the current Fano resistance group originated from the Amhara people’s historical military tradition and warriorhood culture, though it has significantly evolved from a volunteer fighters’ group to a politico-military force with the aim of overthrowing the existing government and changing the country’s political system. In its current resistance movement, initially, Fano's organizational structure consisted of several autonomous fighter groups; however, attempts have recently been made by different Fano groups to avoid fragmented structures and establish military commands for organizational cohesion. The paper contextualizes the Amhara Fano’s resistance within the post-1991 political space of Ethiopia, marked by anti-Amhara narratives and systemic identity-based attacks, as the root cause. Recent developments, such as denying Amhara farmers fertilizer or barring travellers from their region in Addis Ababa, contribute to immediate catalysts. The Ethiopian government's decision in April 2023 to disband regional forces and disarm the Amhara Fano groups escalated the conflict in the Amhara region
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Raju, P. Mohan, Misganaw Mesfin, and Esa Alia. "Test Anxiety Scale: Reliability among Ethiopian Students." Psychological Reports 107, no. 3 (December 2010): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/03.11.17.pr0.107.6.939-948.
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Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale, translated into an Ethiopian language, was administered to 391 students in Grade 8 and to 422 students in preparatory school (Grades 11 and 12). In the first sample, 32 items loaded above the 0.3 criterion of acceptable item-remainder correlations and Cronbach alpha of .84. In the second sample, Cronbach alpha was .84 for the 34 items, but only 19 items had acceptable item-remainder correlations. The internal consistency reliabilities were comparable with those reported in the literature. However, the results of confirmatory factor analyses with extraction of four factors did not confirm the item loadings on factors as reported in the literature. Younger students (Grade 8) were found to have higher mean Test Anxiety than Grades 11 and 12 students. The Amharik version of the Test Anxiety Scale as a whole could be considered reliable and useful for Ethiopian students.
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Agajiye, Berhanu A. "Images of Amhara women in oral poetry." STUDIES IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES, no. 54 (December 10, 2020): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32690/salc54.7.
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The objective of this article is to describe the thematic images of Amhara women in oral poetry. The study is based on field research conducted in rural areas of Western Gojjam and Awi Zone. The data was collected by observation, interview, and focus group discussion. For documentary evidence, twelve informants were selected with the use of a purposive sampling technique. The research method employed was ethnographic qualitative description. The result revealed that the images reflected through oral poems address women mainly as wives, their particular aspects refer to love, woman’s attitude towards marriage issues, divorce, and include general knowledge, understanding of the life and personages within women’s worldview. By the same token, oral poetry portrayed those women as inferior to men. Finally, the study recommended a further research on oral literature of Amhara region of Ethiopia.
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Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw, Dagnachew Muluye Fetene, Digsu N. Koye, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Hailay Gesesew, Mulugeta Molla Birhanu, et al. "COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e044606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044606.
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BackgroundCOVID-19 has caused a global public health crisis affecting most countries, including Ethiopia, in various ways. This study maps the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia.MethodsThirty-eight potential indicators of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection, case severity and likelihood of death, identified based on a literature review and the availability of nationally representative data at a low geographic scale, were assembled from multiple sources for geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to produce maps showing the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death in Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km.ResultsThis study showed that vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is likely to be high across most parts of Ethiopia, particularly in the Somali, Afar, Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. The number of severe cases of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit admission is likely to be high across Amhara, most parts of Oromia and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region. The risk of COVID-19-related death is high in the country’s border regions, where public health preparedness for responding to COVID-19 is limited.ConclusionThis study revealed geographical differences in vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The study offers maps that can guide the targeted interventions necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.
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Legas, Alebachew Mohammed, and Antehun Atanaw Mengistu. "The practice and guidance and counseling in Amhara region Ethiopia." Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives 8, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v8i3.3605.
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The Practice of guidance and counseling service in Amhara region public university’s Ethiopia.
Alebachew Mohammed1 and Antehun Atanaw2
1Department of psychology, Debere Tabor university E-mail, alebemohaa@gmail.com
2Department of English language and literature, Debere Tabor university E-mail, antehuns@gmail.com
Abstract
Supporting students through their academic and social development are central mission of any university. This study aimed to assess the practice of guidance and counseling service in Amhara region public universities. The study was conducted on Bahir Dar university, Wollo university and Debre Tabor university. Through using sample size determination formula 576 regular students by stratified random sampling and 4 counselors using comprehensive sampling techniques were selected. The data was gathered through observation, interview and questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively through narration of words and descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage. The finding indicates all counselors except Debre Tabor university don’t have female counselors as well all are first degree. Furthermore, the average the ratio of one counselor is 5-10,000 students. Regarding the awareness, majority of student 69%-77.1% of student don’t know the office location of the counselor. Approximately 1% of Bahir Dar university, 3% of Debere Tabor university, 4% of Wollo university students were reported using the service. Among this 28(50.9%) of student evaluated the service as not helpful. Regarding the referral of student by academic staffs (Instructors, departments and Faculty’s) to counselor found poor. Furthermore, counselors are not formally delegated to attend issues that concern students like Forum, discipline and HIV etc. which might be helpful for the intervention. All university use Regular government working time and no night, weekend, telephone counseling service. Student consult their problems mainly to their friends, mothers and religious father. Teachers and counselors are among the least possible source of advisee. In conclusion, the general service provision of guidance and counseling were found poor and given less attention by universities. Thus, ministry of education and the university officials should give due attention by restructuring the office and allocation of resource and experts.
Key word; guidance and counseling, student, counselor, personal and social problems
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Ying, Ma, Gashaw Awoke Tikuye, and He Shan. "Impacts of Firm Performance on Corporate Social Responsibility Practices: The Mediation Role of Corporate Governance in Ethiopia Corporate Business." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179717.
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In today’s globalized economy, the corporate company faces ever-increasing competitive and social pressures. This paper aims to identify the impacts of firms’ performance on corporate social responsibility practices using the mediating roles of corporate governance evidence from Ethiopia’s corporate business. The impacts of firms’ performance on CSR and corporate governance as a mediator variable were studied using a sample of TIRET corporate companies, in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The structural equation model and multiple regression analysis were estimated and tested using 21 corporate companies. The derived model reveals how corporate governance mediates the favorable relationship between CSR and firm performance. The result indicates that a firm’s performance is the most significant influencing factor on CSR among the impacts examined in this study. Corporate governance has a positive role in serving as a legitimacy source for CSR practice. This study discusses the significance of results-based resource theory and presents the conclusion and implications. To solve the gaps in firm performance, return on asset, debts on capital structure, and governance, the corporate firms should identify unproductive enterprises and outsource non-core values. To overcome the existed inefficiency difficulties, this study proposed that corporate enterprises should be restructured, rebranded, reconsider their business models, and acquire technology-based firms. This paper contributes to CSR literature in the context of emerging economies. Firms, policymakers, and practitioners may take steps to improve CSR practice. In general, we conclude that in Ethiopia, including in the Amhara region, socially responsible corporate enterprises are more likely to be successful, and vice versa.
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Zeleke, Wondim Tiruneh. "The Socio-Cultural History, the Economic and Political Development of the Minority Society: The Case of Benishangul Gumuz (1991-2018)." American International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v5i2.514.
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The study focuses on the Socio-Cultural History and the Econo- Political Development of the Minority Society: The Case of Benishangul Gumuz(1991-2018).The Gumuz of Matakal are renowned for their traditional socio-cultural history, economic and political developments since their arrival to Matakal. They have developed wonderful conflict management strategies and institutions that play important role in harmonizing their relations with the neighboring “ethnic” group, such as the Shinasha, Amhara, Agaw and Oromo. The conflicts differ in their causes, nature, intensity, frequency; yet the peculiarities are often glossed over and depicted as typical inter-ethnic conflicts between the highlanders or “settlers” on one side and the “indigenous “people on the other. Nonetheless, this approach not only risks a presupposition of ethnic groups as cohesive and binding entities but fails to explore the role of Gumuz initiation rituals, rite of passage, discourses of violence and other major socio-cultural events in inspiring and articulating them. So far, there exists no single comprehensive study, in its own right, that tries to map out the nexus between Gumuz perceptions, symbolism, representation and discourses of violence and outbreak of intermittent conflict in the region in time and space (1991-2018). The related literature will be systematically reviewed and relevant information gathered. Furthermore, in-depth interviews will be conducted, with elders from the highlanders, particularly from Amhara, Agaw, Shinasha, Oromo ethnic groups and the Gumuz. The data collected through these methods will be carefully examined, cross-checked, interpreted and analyzed to determine whether there will be any correlation or connection between the Gumuz, discourses of violence and outbreak of conflicts in the study area.
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Kettema, Wondimnew Gashaw, Getie Lake Aynalem, Ayenew Engida Yismaw, and Ayenew Worku Degu. "Modern Contraceptive Utilization and Determinant Factors among Street Reproductive-Aged Women in Amhara Regional State Zonal Towns, North West Ethiopia, 2019: Community-Based Study." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2020 (November 28, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7345820.
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Objective. Reproductive-aged women living on the street, with no doubt, are with lesser benefits of exercising their reproductive rights. Pregnancies from this marginalized population are likely to be unplanned, unwanted, and unsupported. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess modern contraception utilization and associated factors among street reproductive-aged women in Amhara regional state zonal towns. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among street reproductive-aged women in Amhara regional state zonal towns. A single population proportion formula was used to calculate the sample size, a similar literature-based tool adaptation was done, and a semistructured, pretested sectioned questionnaire was used. Cluster sampling technique was used to reach the study participants. Data was entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to control the possible effect of confounders, and finally, the independent variables were identified on the basis of OR, with 95% CI and p values less than 0.05. Results. 604 street reproductive-aged women were interviewed in the study which make the response rate 94.2%. The study revealed that current modern contraceptive utilization among the study participants was found to be 38.9%. Having history of pregnancy in street life ( AOR = 1.70 , 1.1-2.7), having three or more live children ( AOR = 6.4 , 2.0-20.4), undesiring to have additional children in the future ( AOR = 2.7 , 1.4-5.1), mentioning three to four ( AOR = 2.2 , 1.5-3.3) and five or more modern contraceptive types ( AOR = 5.5 , 1.4-21.0), and discussion with sexual partners for contraceptive use ( AOR = 6.6 , 4.3-10.1) were variables significantly associated with modern contraceptive utilization. Modern contraceptive utilization among the street reproductive-aged women was low. Authors suggest that awareness creation and male partner involvement in the maternal services may be important to increase contraceptive utilization.
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Pepe, Guglielmina, Olga Rickards, Olga Camacho Vanegas, Tamara Brunelli, Anna Maria Gori, Betti Giusti, Monica Attanasio, Domenico Prisco, Gian Franco Gensini, and Rosanna Abbate. "Prevalence of Factor V Leiden Mutation in Non-European Populations." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 77, no. 02 (1997): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1655963.
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SummaryA difference in the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (TE) in major human groups has been described and an uneven distribution of FV Leiden mutation over the world has recently been reported.We investigated FV Leiden mutation in 584 apparently healthy sub#jects mostly from populations different from those previously investi#gated: 170 Europeans (Spanish, Italians), 101 sub-saharan Africans (Fon, Bariba, Berba, Dendi), 115 Asians (Indonesians, Chinese, Tharus), 57 Amerindians (Cayapa), 84 Afroamericans (Rio Cayapa, Viche), and 57 Ethiopians (Amhara, Oromo).The mutation was detected in only 1/115 Asian (Tharu) and in 5/170 Europeans (4 Italians, 1 Spanish).These data confirm that in non-Europeans the prevalence of FV mutation is at least 7 times lower than in Europeans and provide indirect evidence of a low prevalence not only of the FV Leiden gene but also of other genes leading to more severe thrombophilia. Finally, findings from the literature together with those pertaining to this study clearly show a marked heterogeneity among Europeans.
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Demis, Chekol, Tesfaye Zewudie, Derib Aydefruhim, and Wodimagegn Terefe. "On Farm Trial of Prostaglandin Based Estrus Synchronization Protocols in Selected Milk-shed Areas of Amhara Region, Ethiopia." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 24, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.178.
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The present study was conducted from 2019 to 2020 in the Debre Birhan area of the Amhara region, Ethiopia, aiming to evaluate the effect of single-dose prostaglandin hormone in dairy cows and heifers at the smallholder farmer level. A total of 458 dairy cows and heifers were treated with 2ml of Synchromate® hormone, and after 77.82±2.74 hours, 286 of which (62.4%) were reported to have manifested estrus signs. Insemination was performed to 215 animals, 71 animals were not inseminated (the time for AI was passed when checked by rectal palpation) because of later reports by farmers after the cessation of estrus periods. Of the 215 animals that were inseminated, 82 (38.1%) conceived, and from the 82 animals that conceived, 79 (96.3%) gave birth. Estrus response and conception rate have not shown a significant difference between parity and body condition scores. However, treatment to estrus interval has been found to be significantly (p<0.05) influenced by parity, cows had shorter intervals than the heifers. This study indicated that there were problems in the detection and reporting of estrus response by the smallholder farmers, hence, requiring continuous training on dairy cow management.
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Wilder, Bryan, Clara Pons-Duran, Frederick G. B. Goddard, Bezawit Mesfin Hunegnaw, Sebastien Haneuse, Delayehu Bekele, and Grace J. Chan. "Development of Prediction Models for Antenatal Care Attendance in Amhara Region, Ethiopia." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): e2315985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15985.
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ImportanceAntenatal care prevents maternal and neonatal deaths and improves birth outcomes. There is a lack of predictive models to identify pregnant women who are at high risk of failing to attend antenatal care in low-resource settings.ObjectiveTo develop a series of predictive models to identify women who are at high risk of failing to attend antenatal care in a rural setting in Ethiopia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prognostic study used data from the Birhan Health and Demographic Surveillance System and its associated pregnancy and child cohort. The study was conducted at the Birhan field site, North Shewa zone, Ethiopia, a platform for community- and facility-based research and training, with a focus on maternal and child health. Participants included women enrolled during pregnancy in the pregnancy and child cohort between December 2018 and March 2020, who were followed-up in home and facility visits. Data were analyzed from April to December 2022.ExposuresA wide range of sociodemographic, economic, medical, environmental, and pregnancy-related factors were considered as potential predictors. The selection of potential predictors was guided by literature review and expert knowledge.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was failing to attend at least 1 antenatal care visit during pregnancy. Prediction models were developed using logistic regression with regularization via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and ensemble decision trees and assessed using the area under the receiving operator characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThe study sample included 2195 participants (mean [SD] age, 26.8 [6.1] years; mean [SD] gestational age at enrolment, 25.5 [8.8] weeks). A total of 582 women (26.5%) failed to attend antenatal care during cohort follow-up. The AUC was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.58-0.64) for the regularized logistic regression model at conception, with higher values for models predicting at weeks 13 (AUC, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.66-0.71) and 24 (AUC, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.64-0.69). AUC values were similar with slightly higher performance for the ensembles of decision trees (conception: AUC, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.59-0.65; 13 weeks: AUC, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.67-0.72; 24 weeks: AUC, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.64-0.69).Conclusions and RelevanceThis prognostic study presents a series of prediction models for antenatal care attendance with modest performance. The developed models may be useful to identify women at high risk of missing their antenatal care visits to target interventions to improve attendance rates. This study opens the possibility to develop and validate easy-to-use tools to project health-related behaviors in settings with scarce resources.
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Teshome, Mekuriaw Mengistnew, Amare Sahile, and Dawit Asrat. "Investigating the Relationship between School factors and Self-regulated Science Teaching in Secondary schools." International Journal of research in Educational Sciences 5, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 465–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29009/ijres.5.2.9.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between school factors (STRA, &PLC) with teachers’ self-regulated science teaching in secondary schools. Self-report questionnaires for PLC and SR were adapted and for STRA it was developed by the researcher. To make the instruments’ valid and reliable, it was checked by experts and pilot study was conducted. Nine (14.3%) secondary schools out of a total of 63 secondary schools found in South Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia were selected randomly. After selecting the schools, all science teachers, 322 (chemistry, biology and physics) in the selected schools were taken as participants using comprehensive sampling techniques.302/322=93.8% (of which 71(23.5%) were females, 231(76.5%) were males; 32.5% chemistry;34.4% physics and 33.1% biology teachers successfully responded to the three questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling analysis methods were employed. The result showed that the model was adequately fit to the data; PLC only was found a significant positive correlation, predictor and effect with teachers’ self-regulated science teaching. Whereas STRA showed low correlation and non-significant predictor and has no significant effect on teacher’s self-regulation. Implications and recommendations are indicated
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Alem, Demelash. "Trend and Current Status of Forest Resources in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: A Review." East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 6, no. 1 (March 17, 2023): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1143.
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Ethiopia is endowed with diverse forest resources. Amhara National Regional State, one of the administrative regions in Ethiopia, has diverse ecology and is endowed with diversified flora and fauna. Forest resources in the region provide various uses and services to the local community. But the forest resources of the region have faced huge devastation due to high human and livestock pressure. As a response, efforts have been made to conserve and develop the forest resources of the region. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information about the current status and trend of forest resources in the region. This review provides the current status and trend of forest resources in the region based on a literature search from different sources. The review showed that the overall forest resource of the region decreased over time, despite the expansion of plantation forests. Most of the natural forest resources of the region disappeared and remnants are found in church compounds and other forest conservation areas. Plantation forests in the region are dominated by exotic tree species, majorly Eucalyptus. Most important non-timber forest products have been neglected, and modern forest development interventions are lacking. This review paper is indispensable for decision-makers, academicians, development, and research institutions to direct their focus toward developing technologies and information for the sustainable development of the forest resources in the region. Appropriate forest management and utilization practices have to be implemented for the sustainability of the forest resources in the region. Since the forest resource in the region is under dynamic change, regularly updating and providing information on its current status is imperative for timely and proper decision-making
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Enyew, Ermias Bekele, Abraham Yeneneh Birhanu, and Wondwossen Zemene Mewosha. "Spatial variation of overweight/obesity and associated factor among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia, evidence from EDHS 2016." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 29, 2022): e0277955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277955.
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Background Globally, at least 4.7 million people die from being overweight or obese. In Ethiopia, the level of overweight and obesity among women grew from 3% to 8%. However, as far as my literature searching, studies concerning the spatial variation of overweight/obesity and factors associated are not researched in Ethiopia using geospatial techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial variation of overweight/obesity and factor associated among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia using geospatial techniques. Mothed A total weighted sample of 10,928 reproductive age women were included in the study. ArcGIS version10.7 was used to explore the spatial variation of overweight/obesity. Bernoulli based model was used to analyze the purely spatial cluster detection of overweight/obesity through SaTScan version 9.6.1 software. Ordinary Least Square analysis and geographically weighted regression analysis was employed to assess the association between an outcome variable and explanatory variables by using ArcGIS 10.7 software. P value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statically significant. Result The spatial distribution of overweight/obesity in Ethiopia was clustered. Statistically, a significant-high hot spot overweight/obesity was identified at Addis Ababa, harrari, Dire Dawa. SaTScan identified 66 primary spatial clusters (RR = 4.17, P < 0.001) located at Addis Ababa, southeast amhara, central part of oromia region and northern part of SNNP region. In geographically weighted regression, rich wealth index, women’s age (35–39 and 40–44 years), watching TV, internet use and not working were statistically significant that affecting spatial variation of overweight/obesity. Conclusion In Ethiopia, overweight/obesity varies across the region. Statistically, significant-high hot spots of overweight/obesity were detected in Addis Ababa, Harari, Dire Dawa, some parts of Amhara and afar region, most of the Oromia and Somalia region, and the South Nation Nationality and People region of Ethiopia. Therefore, the ministry of health and the Ethiopian public health institute, try to initiate policies and practices that could include providing funding for physical education as well as recreational centers in communities most in need. In addition, public and private mass media create awareness of healthy lifestyles is promoted by health education regarding increased physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior through various media platforms.
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Abab, Shewakena Aytenfisu, Feyera Senbeta Wakjira, and Tamirat Tefera Negash. "Factors Influencing the Formalization of Rural Land Transactions in Ethiopia: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach." Land 11, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050633.
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Despite the recent successful establishment of systematic land registration programs in some African countries including Ethiopia, updating the land registers has become a growing concern. However, there is limited empirical evidence about whether landholders’ behavior is driving the lack of updating land registers in Ethiopia. Using the theory of planned behavior, this study examines the factors that influence landholders’ behavior of formalizing rural land transactions in Ethiopia. Primary and secondary data were collected using surveys, key informant interviews, and a literature review. A total of 206 respondents participated in the survey from the Basona Worena district of the Amhara region, central Ethiopia. A structural equation model and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey data and supplemented by qualitative findings. The study findings revealed that landholders’ attitudes and subjective norms have positively and significantly influenced their intentions to formalize land transactions. However, perceived behavioral control has a negative and insignificant influence. The predictive relevance of the research model is significant and indicates strong intentions to formalize but less actual behavior. This behavior can influence the currency of the information in the land register in the near future and degrade the functions and sustainability of the land registration system in Ethiopia. The study findings recommended facilitating the behavioral changes of landholders to transform their strong intentions into actual practice. Policymakers should develop and implement an innovative information value creation strategy including landholder-oriented services that incentivize the formalization of land transactions and helps landholders overcome hurdles created by subjective norms.
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Abab, Shewakena Aytenfisu, Feyera Senbeta Wakjira, and Tamirat Tefera Negash. "Factors Influencing the Formalization of Rural Land Transactions in Ethiopia: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach." Land 11, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050633.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the recent successful establishment of systematic land registration programs in some African countries including Ethiopia, updating the land registers has become a growing concern. However, there is limited empirical evidence about whether landholders’ behavior is driving the lack of updating land registers in Ethiopia. Using the theory of planned behavior, this study examines the factors that influence landholders’ behavior of formalizing rural land transactions in Ethiopia. Primary and secondary data were collected using surveys, key informant interviews, and a literature review. A total of 206 respondents participated in the survey from the Basona Worena district of the Amhara region, central Ethiopia. A structural equation model and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey data and supplemented by qualitative findings. The study findings revealed that landholders’ attitudes and subjective norms have positively and significantly influenced their intentions to formalize land transactions. However, perceived behavioral control has a negative and insignificant influence. The predictive relevance of the research model is significant and indicates strong intentions to formalize but less actual behavior. This behavior can influence the currency of the information in the land register in the near future and degrade the functions and sustainability of the land registration system in Ethiopia. The study findings recommended facilitating the behavioral changes of landholders to transform their strong intentions into actual practice. Policymakers should develop and implement an innovative information value creation strategy including landholder-oriented services that incentivize the formalization of land transactions and helps landholders overcome hurdles created by subjective norms.