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1
Assefa, Taye. "Form in the Amharic novel." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1986. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29398/.
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In previous studies of Amharic prose fiction, the question of form has not received sufficient attention. The aim of this dissertation is to provide a critical introduction to narrative modes in the Amharic novel. To show the various tendencies in the methods of presention used during the brief tradition of novelistic writing, the works of ten representative writers have been selected from different periods. These are: Afawarq's Lebb Wallad Tarik, Heruy' s Haddis Alam, Germachaw's Ar'aya, Makonnen's Almot'hum Beyye Alwashem, Nagash's Setenna, Adari, Berhanu's Ya-Tewodros Enba, Haddis' Feger Eska Magaber, Dannachaw's Adafres. Ba'alu's Ka-admas Bashaggar, and Abbe's Ya-raggafu Ababoch. Each of these works is discussed separately, in the order of its publication. In each of the ten chapters the construction of plot, the delineation of characters, the modes of exposition, the rendition of scenes, and the intrusions of the narrator are closely scrutinized so as to give an insight into the formal features of each work. In each case attempts are also made to assess not only the degree of coherence in the surface structure, but also the harmonization of the meanings and/or effects generated by the particular method of presentation. The main finding of this study is that while the tendency to preach by using thinly-disguised demonstrative episodes, mouthpiece characters, and/or moralizing commentary still persists, the practice of subtly conveying the author's vision of life through plausibly dramatized situations has also begun to win more adherents. Many novels appealing after 1950 E.C. resort to characters that are social types rather than abstractions of ideas. Their plots operate on a higher scale of probability. Their dialogues are casual and have the semblance of naturalness. They use narrators that are less patronizing and reserved from openly conveying their value judgements. Events axe presented achronologically, often in scenic form.
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Haile, Alemayehu. "An autosegmental approach to Amharic intonation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510899.
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The central purpose of this thesis is to present a detailed account of the intonation of Amharic. The model adopted for this is that of the Autosegmental Phonology and in particular deriving- considerable inspiration from the work of Pierrehumbert (1980). In the description, intonational features are represented as well ordered sequences of static tones on a separate tier from the segments. The segmental and the autosegmental tiers are associated following principles given by the Universal Association Convention and the language particular rules. To spell out the association principles, the lexical category and the word-group (or phrase) stress rules have been investigated. The former predicts the lexically stressable syllable within the category stem. The stressable syllable is the only one that may be associated with the pitch accent, (i. e., the stress-related melody). The phrase accent is usually associated with the last syllable of the penultimate word or follows the last pitch accent within the intonational phrase. A number of contour type: meaning correlates are identified for Amharic and they are analysed to reveal certain 'basic features. Each of these basic features is shown to be capable of modification by varying the value(s) of the constituent tones. There are some intonational features in Amharic which do not have counterparts in English. The quotative contour provides an example and it requires a device not fully available in a model devised particularly to handle the features of English. Associating two starred tones, i. e. pitch accents with a single tone-bearing-unit, and allowing bitonal boundary tones are among the modifications on tonal representations which are proposed in this thesis
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Amberber, Mengistu. "Transitivity alternations, event-types and light verbs." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41963.
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This dissertation investigates transitivity alternations, with particular reference to Amharic. The lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic properties of morphological causatives, experiencer predicates, applicative constructions and complex predicates formed by light verbs are examined in detail. It is claimed that transitivity alternations are an artefact of Event-type alternations and follow from universal principles such as Event Headedness. It is argued that the valency difference between various verb classes reduces to whether the Root of the verb is specified or underspecified for Event Headedness.Two levels of phrase structure, l-syntax and s-syntax, are recognized in the study. It is argued that productive causatives are generated in s-syntax, whereas morphological causatives which are sensitive to the Event-type of the Root are generated in l-syntax. A unified structural analysis is given for a number of superficially unrelated constructions including Subject Experiencer predicates, perception verbs and possessive predicates. It is argued that the quirky Case and agreement properties of such predicates can be handled by motivating inherent Case assignment. This analysis is further extended to account for the benefactive applicative of unaccusatives.
The role of light verbs in transitivity alternation is explored in detail. It is shown that light verbs are independent verbs that spell-out Event-types. The study argues that the polysemous relationship between predicates is best accounted for by a single argument structure rather than by positing multiple lexical entries.
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Yirgalem, Abebe. "Analysis of environmental coverage in addis zemen amharic daily newspaper." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36079.
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In Ethiopia, environmental-induced problems are huge and threatening. There is a common understanding that environmental degradation is partly due to lack of awarenessabout the environment. However, studies conducted in Ethiopia on this issue are verylimited. This study has attempted to assess the coverage of environmental issues in printmedia. For the study, quantitative and qualitative data were used in combination.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36079
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Mekonnen, A. M. "Speech production in Amharic-speaking children with repaired cleft palate." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3924/.
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Demeke, Girma A., and Ronny Meyer. "Die unauffindbare Nadel: Amharisch - deutsche Lesematerialien." Universität Leipzig, 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33602.
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Diese Lesematerialien sind für Deutsch-Muttersprachler konzipiert worden, die Amharisch lernen wollen. Die vorliegenden Geschichten wurden von Studenten aus verschiedenen Landesteilen Äthiopiens zusammengetragen und zeichnen sich besonders durch ihre literarische Gestaltung aus.
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Asfawwesen, Desalegn. "The inceptive construction and associated topics in Amharic and related languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128262.
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This thesis investigates the syntactic features, functions, and diachrony of a complex predicate called ‘the inceptive construction’ which is based on a grammaticalised use of the converbs ‘get up’, ‘pick up’, ‘grasp’, and ‘take’. The languages under investigation are Amharic, Argobba, Harari, Zay, and Selt’i. The data collection that was analized consists of elicitations, audio recordings, and written texts. The analysis shows that the converbs identify the initial phase of the event encoded by a following verb. The converbs are further associated with nuances like volition, surprise, and emphasis. The rise of such interpretations as surprise and emphasis appears to depend mainly on context, while volition is inherent to the construction. The languages generally do not show much variation. However, there is a notable difference in some co-occurrence restrictions. Moreover, there is a difference in the presence/absence of certain converbs mainly in Harari and Zay, which is clearly a matter of preference between individual consultants. Regarding the origin of the inceptive construction, collocation, frequency, and speakers’ conception of the action of the converbs are possible factors that lead the verbs to grammaticalize into markers of the inception phase. Only some traces of the construction are found in an old Amharic text from the 15th century. The converb is the main verb form used in the inceptive construction, although other verb forms are allowed which may take a coordinating conjunction (in the cases of Amharic and Argobba) and an iterative/simultaneity marker (‘while’). The Amharic conjunction =nna ‘and’ links the light verb with the reference verb in the inceptive construction, but is also used in causal(purposive) and conditional coordination. The criteria of tense iconicity and variable positions indicate that =nna is a coordinating conjunction in the former, but a subordinator in the latter. Lastly, the converb in Amharic is shown to become insubordinated, i.e. the main verb or auxiliary it depends on gets ellipsed over time and it comes to function as a main verb. An insubordinated converb is used in the expression of surprise/exclamation, interrogation, rhetorical questioning, wishing, and the resultative/perfective. The point is it is still possible to use the notion of ‘converb’ in the inceptive construction as this is a separate historical process.
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Halcomb, T. Michael W. "GENERATING AMHARIC PRESENT TENSE VERBS: A NETWORK MORPHOLOGY & DATR ACCOUNT." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/19.
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In this thesis I attempt to model, that is, computationally reproduce, the natural transmission (i.e. inflectional regularities) of twenty present tense Amharic verbs (i.e. triradicals beginning with consonants) as used by the language’s speakers. I root my approach in the linguistic theory of network morphology (NM) and model it using the DATR evaluator. In Chapter 1, I provide an overview of Amharic and discuss the fidel as an abugida, the verb system’s root-and-pattern morphology, and how radicals of each lexeme interacts with prefixes and suffixes. I offer an overview of NM in Chapter 2 and DATR in Chapter 3. In both chapters I draw attention to and help interpret key terms used among scholars doing work in both fields. In Chapter 4 I set forth my full theory, along with notation, for generating the paradigms of twenty present tense Amharic verbs that follow four different patterns. Chapter 5, the final chapter, contains a summary and offers several conclusions. I provide the DATR output in the Appendix. In writing, my main hope is that this project will make a contribution, however minimal or sizeable, that might advance the field of Amharic studies in particular and (computational) linguistics in general.
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Kramer, Ruth. "Definite markers, phi-features, and agreement : A morphosyntactic investigation of the Amharic DP /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Mullen, Dana Shirley. "Issues in the morphology and phonology of Amharic the lexical generation of pronominal clitics." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5402.
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Demissie, Fitsum. "Developing Optical Character Recoginition for Ethiopic Scripts." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5541.
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The Amharic language is the Official language of over 70 million people mainly in Ethiopia. An extensive literature survey and the government report reveal no single Amharic character recognition is found in the country. The Amharic script has 33 basic characters each with seven orders giving 310 distinct characters, including numbers and punctuation symbols. The characters are visually similar; there is a typeface, but no capitalization. Beside this there is no any standard font to use the language in the computer but they use different fonts developed by different stakeholders without keeping a standard on their own way and interest and this create a problem of incompatibility between different fonts and documents.This project is to investigate the reason why Amharic optical character recognition is not addressed by local and international researchers and developers and finally to develop Amharic optical character recognition uses the features and facilities of Microsoft windows Vista or 7 using Unicode standard.
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Belay, Birhanu Hailu [Verfasser], and Didier [Akademischer Betreuer] Stricker. "Deep Learning for Amharic Text-Image Recognition: Algorithm, Dataset and Application / Birhanu Hailu Belay ; Betreuer: Didier Stricker." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229436308/34.
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Marzagora, Sara. "Alterity, coloniality and modernity in Ethiopian political thought : the first three generations of 20th century Amharic-language intellectuals." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23681/.
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Gerhardt, Ludwig. "Das Amharische." Universität Leipzig, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33609.
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Der Artikel geht auf einen Vortrag zurück, der im Rahmen einer Ringvorlesung des Fachbereiches Orientalistik der Universität Hamburg mit dem Titel « Die Afro-Asiatischen Sprachen » an der Universität Hamburg gehalten worden ist. Bei der Übertragung des Vortrages in das Medium eines Artikels wurde versucht, die Spuren des anders gearteten Genres so weit wie möglich zu tilgen. Völlig ist das nicht gelungen – vielleicht lies sich der Artikel aber so auch etwas besser.
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Debela, Nega Worku. "Minority language education with special reference to the cultural adaption of the Ethiopian community in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd2858.pdf.
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Woldemariam, Yonas Demeke. "Natural language processing in cross-media analysis." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-147640.
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A cross-media analysis framework is an integrated multi-modal platform where a media resource containing different types of data such as text, images, audio and video is analyzed with metadata extractors, working jointly to contextualize the media resource. It generally provides cross-media analysis and automatic annotation, metadata publication and storage, searches and recommendation services. For on-line content providers, such services allow them to semantically enhance a media resource with the extracted metadata representing the hidden meanings and make it more efficiently searchable. Within the architecture of such frameworks, Natural Language Processing (NLP) infrastructures cover a substantial part. The NLP infrastructures include text analysis components such as a parser, named entity extraction and linking, sentiment analysis and automatic speech recognition. Since NLP tools and techniques are originally designed to operate in isolation, integrating them in cross-media frameworks and analyzing textual data extracted from multimedia sources is very challenging. Especially, the text extracted from audio-visual content lack linguistic features that potentially provide important clues for text analysis components. Thus, there is a need to develop various techniques to meet the requirements and design principles of the frameworks. In our thesis, we explore developing various methods and models satisfying text and speech analysis requirements posed by cross-media analysis frameworks. The developed methods allow the frameworks to extract linguistic knowledge of various types and predict various information such as sentiment and competence. We also attempt to enhance the multilingualism of the frameworks by designing an analysis pipeline that includes speech recognition, transliteration and named entity recognition for Amharic, that also enables the accessibility of Amharic contents on the web more efficiently. The method can potentially be extended to support other under-resourced languages.
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Teffera, Timkehet. "Musik zu Hochzeiten bei den Amārā im Zentralen Hochland Äthiopiens /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; Bruxelles : P. Lang, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37633820j.
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Aspen, Harald. "Amhara traditions of knowledge : spirit mediums and their clients /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37715591g.
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Version remaniée de: Doct. diss.--Social anthropology--Trondheim--University, 1994. Titre de soutenance : Spirits, mediums und human worlds : the Amhara peasants of the North Ethiopian highlands and their traditions of knowledge.Bibliogr. p. 247-268. Index.
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Gedamu-Gobena, Ashenafi. "Triticale production in Ethiopia : its impact on food security and poverty alleviation in the Amhara region /." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988430088/04.
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Birhanu, Tadesse Amsalu. "Community-based rehabilitation of degraded woodland in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415676.
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In the Amhara region of Ethiopia, the government has promoted a range of forestry initiatives aimed at rehabilitation of degraded land and provision of forest products. This research examined household attitudes and technical and institutional aspects of the programmes to determine how they could more effectively improve rural livelihoods and increase environmental sustainability. Households surveyed in nine villages (Kebeles) practiced mixed subsistence farming; asset endowments were variable among households, despite the government’s assumption that all households are similarly motivated to participate in forestry interventions. The majority (82%) of households plant trees on their land; the level of private tree planting is positively correlated with several wealth indicators (e.g., livestock ownership, surplus labour) and frequency of contact with an extension agent. Household tree planting activities are also influenced by Kebele-level attributes, for example, access to forest nurseries and the type of forestry intervention present in the Kebele. Household proximity to the woodland and agro-ecological potential has no effect on tree planting activities; open grazing constrains tree growing in the region. All three types of rehabilitation intervention examined (i.e., community woodlots, hillside closures, land allocation) were implemented on degraded communal land; the opportunity costs of the interventions, in terms of loss of access, have been felt more deeply by households located near intervention sites than those at a distance. Interventions managed by user groups or directly by participants are viewed more positively than those led by local government authorities (the Kebele Administrations, KA). Lack of community involvement in design and decision-making, and an underuse of products and revenue generated from community woodlots are common features in KA-led interventions.
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Tilahun, Mastewal Alemu. "Feasibility Study of Pumped Storage System for Application in Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91755.
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In these days environmental issues are critical. Environmental concerns mainly rise from energy productions. Fortunately Ethiopia is trying to use renewable energy sources as a means for electrical power production and it is a great start for a long, tiresome green energy journey. The basic job to be done in green energy sectors is to maximize the capacity of renewable technologies to fulfil the best efficiency. Intermittent nature of the energy production and their inefficiency to meet peak load demands are the basic problems in renewable energy sectors. Ethiopia’s electrical power production is mainly dependent on hydropower; according to latest data from EEPCO hydro covers 88% of the total production. There are two major nature of this power plant; since the working medium is water it is mainly dependent on the nature of the seasons and secondly it rarely meets peak load demands. After the erection of the power plant the energy production is not time dependent; it can produce power continuously; but the consumption is time dependent which is defined as peak hours and off-peak hours. There is excess load in time of off-peak hours and scarcity in peak hours. So this work can help to maximize the capacity of the water for production by using technological advancements to produce lot of energy in almost full capacity throughout the year to full fill the need of our country. Tana Beles hydropower plant is the largest hydropower plant which starts to work in May, 2010 with an investment cost of $500 million and capacity of 460 MW. The project is planted in Amhara region using the water source of Lake Tana. To make this large and very necessary renewable energy resource sustainable using energy storage system will be vital. This study will figure out a pumped storage system for the hydropower plant for additional power production and for the sustainability of the water resource. Pumped storage system is the only viable, large-scale resource that is being broadly utilized today for storing energy, and it offers the best option available for harnessing off-peak generation from renewable sources. The contributions of pumped storage hydro to our nation’s transmission grid by providing stability services, storage capacity needs, and expanding the green job market are considerable today. The high energy demand of the pump will be considered to be covered using the excess electrical power production during night or weekends and if the resource is available using wind solar PV hybrid systems. The author will try to assess the technology not only for other mini hydro power plants but also for irrigation and other purposes merely in Amhara region, Ethiopia. The feasibility of the system will be considered technically and economically for the hydropower plant.
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[Verfasser], Tilaye Teklewold Deneke. "Water Governance in Amhara Region of Ethiopia : An Institutional Analysis / Tilaye Teklewold Deneke." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1069048364/34.
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Worku, Askal Tilahun. "Poverty alleviation and community participation towards development in Bahir-Dar, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018801.
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The objective of the research was to assess the trends and forms of community participation to poverty alleviation in Bahir Dar town. The field study was limited to two projects, micro and small scale enterprise activities and credit service, however the finding and recommendation can be applied to all projects aimed to poverty alleviation and community self sustaining projects. In order to achieve the research objectives, a review of relevant literature was done. It began by reviewing definitions and concepts of poverty. The literature also over reviewed the importance of community participation to poverty alleviation efforts of a country and reviews the Ethiopian poverty reduction process. The literature further highlighted the role of community participation in achieving development goals. The data collection was done by means of focus group discussions complimented by face-to-face interviews. The data collected were analyzed thematically with the use of narrative summary and categorization in respect to the objective of the study. The findings of the study showed that there is low participation of community and therefore creating more opportunities for community participation activity and detailed study in the area is recommended.
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Teferi, Zeleka. "Determinants of contraceptive use among currently married women in Amhara and Oromiya Regions of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1912.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilThe purpose of this research is to study the effect of different demographic and socio economic factors on the contraceptive use among currently married women of age 15-49 in the two regions of Ethiopia, Amhara (17,214,056) and Oromiya (27,158,471). Data are obtained from the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Information on contraceptive use was provided by current use 1334 (14.7), future use 4017 (52.0), unmet need for spacing 1817 (20.0) and limiting 1249 (13.3) currently married women aged 15-49 interviewed in the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).
South Africa
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Simur, Asres Tsigie. "The Current Status of Traditional Biomas Enegry Utilization and Its Alternative Renewable Enegry Technology in Amhara." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-107675.
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Yelemtu, Fassil Gebeyehu. "The social life of seeds : an ethnographic exploration of farming knowledge in Kibtya of Amhara region, Ethiopia." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10565/.
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The intrinsic relationship and interaction between Farmers Seeds (FSs) and smallholder farmers have long been developed for many centuries so that farmers have acquired various forms of experiential knowledge about seed management and associated farming practices. FSs are often associated with their infra-specific diversity in which smallholder farmers are using them to meet their socio-cultural and economic needs in a range of agro-ecological zones. However, introduction of new seeds such as High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) increasingly threaten knowledge and practices related to the cultivation of FSs. This study investigates different local meanings, uses and understandings of seeds and the process by which these understandings are learned. Drawing on ethnographic research in Kibtya and contextualizing this in relation to wider contexts, the thesis argues that perception towards seeds and productivity is not limited to narrowly economic evaluations; rather, it is intimately intertwined within a range of socio-cultural activities and farming practices and is consequently valued in a range of different ways. A central argument of the thesis is that farming knowledge is situated in people’s day-to-day interaction with one another and with the physical environments in which they work. It is not reducible to a system in the form of books or other forms of documents. The thesis also develops insights of relevance to a range of policy and practitioner audiences. The study analyses the causes and consequences of ignorance on the socio-cultural aspects of smallholder farmers’ knowledge and the corresponding limitations of agricultural intervention programmes and associated policy approaches towards development. Thus, this thesis presents new findings which, it is hoped, will help governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to plan appropriate intervention programmes in which outside actors would be involved into an on-going socially constructed and negotiated process.
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Birru, Yitaferu. "Land degradation and options for sustainable land management in the Lake Tana Basin (LTB), Amhara Region, Ethiopia /." Bern : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Edzard, Lutz Eberhard. "Arabisch, Hebräisch und Amharisch als Sprachen in modernen diplomatischen Dokumenten : grammatikalische, lexikalische und stilistische Probleme in synchroner und diachroner Perspektive /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verl, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40246483q.
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Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift--Philosophische Fakultät--Bonn--Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 2000.Contient des textes en arabe, en hébreu et en amharique, en alphabets des trois langues et en romanisation, ainsi que des passages en anglais. Bibliogr. p. [277]-298. Index.
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Mulugeta, Meselu Alamnie. "Linking fiscal decentralization and local financial governance: a case of district level decentralization in the Amhara region, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3350.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe prime aim of this thesis is to examine the link between fiscal decentralization and local financial governance in fiscally empowered woreda administrations (districts) of the Amhara region in Ethiopia. Local financial governance has been one of the reasons and arguably the crucial one that drives many countries to subscribe to fiscal decentralization. The presumption is that public finance mobilization and spending can be implemented in a more efficient, responsive, transparent and accountable manner at the local government level than at the centre. Nonetheless, empirical studies show that the linkage between fiscal decentralization and these local financial governance benefits is not automatic. Several developing countries that have tried to implement fiscal decentralization have failed to realise the promised financial governance gains largely due to design and implementation flaws. A review of the various theoretical perspectives suggest that local financial governance is not a factor of just devolution of fiscal power but also other intervening forces such as financial management system, citizen voicing mechanisms and the social and political context. It is within the framework of this theoretical argument that this study sought to investigate how the mixed and incomplete efforts of the district level fiscal decentralization program in the Amhara region has impacted on financial governance of woreda administrations. The study assesses the efficacy and role of various initiatives of the district level decentralization program of the Amhara region, such as the fiscal empowerment of woredas; financial management system reforms; citizen voicing mechanisms and political party structures and system in influencing woreda financial governance. To this end, the investigation process largely took the form of an interpretative approach employing a combination of various methods of gathering the required qualitative and quantitative data from respondents and documents in the selected four case woredas or districts. Findings on the assessment of the intergovernmental relations to measure the adequacy of devolution of fiscal power indicate that, despite the constitutional provision that affords the woredas the power to mobilize and spend public finance for the provision of various local public services, several design and implementation shortcomings have constrained woreda administrations from exercising such power effectively. As a result, the district level fiscal decentralization framework of the Amhara region appears to have features of decentralization by de-concentration rather than by devolution. Despite the extensive financial management reforms that have been undertaken, the research findings indicate that the financial management system in woreda administrations faces a range of challenges triggered largely by important design and implementation shortcomings. It is observed that the ‘getting the basics right first’ reforms in various financial management processes of woreda administrations are not only incomplete but also found to be inconsistent with each other and therefore could not serve their purpose. Furthermore, there has not been any other change in the last two decades since the initial implementation of these reforms despite such serious shortcomings. Most importantly, woreda administrations could not properly implement the techniques, methods, procedures and rules that constituted the reform process due to serious implementation problems such as the lack of manpower competency and problems associated with the lack of administrative accountability. The results of the study’s assessment regarding the practice of social accountability show that currently there is no arrangement for citizens to participate in public financial decisions and controls. In general, people have little interest in participating in the meetings organised by woreda government. Formal and informal community based organizations suffer from important capcity constraints, and the lack of strong civil society organizations to support these community based organizations makes such problems more difficult to resolve. However, local communities did indicate that they would be interested in participating in financial and budgeting processes if a number of conditions were satisfied. These included the availability of adequate and relevant information; the introduction of genuine forms of participation in which citizens were empowered; and evidence that popular participation was making a visible impact on financial decisions related to service delivery in their surroundings. The assessment of the ruling party structure and system suggests that the centralized system of the regional ruling party has created a dominant relationship between party organs at various levels so much sothat it has undermined the fiscal discretionary power of woreda administrations; blurred relationship between party and woreda financial management systems; and undermined direct voicing. Consequently, the genuine devolution of fiscal power, the effective implementation of the decentralised financial management systems, and direct participation of citizens are unlikely to be realised within the current ruling party system and structure. Moreover, the study shows that the intergovernmental relations, the implementation of financial management reforms and direct involvement of people influence each other. The evidence suggests that the effective implementation of the financial management reforms is not possible without genuine devolution of fiscal power and arrangements for the activeinvolvement of citizens. Despite these limitations and shortcomings, the research nevertheless reveals that the decentralization process has achieved some positive results, such as the expansion of access to basic services; the economic use of resources for such expansion; the mobilization of resources from local communities; and the streamlining of a number of bureaucratic processes. However, the prevalence of various financial governance challenges such as excessive budget transfers; low budget execution; uneconomical procurement; illicit spending; budget pressure; inadequate revenue collection; poor financial transparency; and compromised accountability in fiscally decentralized woreda administrations means the promised local financial governance benefits of fiscal decentralization are remain largely unrealized. The evidences in the study strongly suggest that the shortcomings in the design and implementation of intergovernmental relations, financial management system reforms, and direct voicing mechanisms areresponsible in combination with each other for these local financial governance challenges. Thus, the study concludes that local financial governance is a result of a complex network of interactions of intergovernmental relations, public financial management arrangements and social accountability mechanisms. The success of initiatives to improve local financial governance is dependent on contextual factors such as the capacity of civil society organizations and the ruling party system and structure. Therefore, while recommending further efforts of genuine devolution of power, in particular through the continuation of the financial management reform processes towards full-fledged reforms, the study contends that opening enough space for the proliferation of civil society organizations and alternative political parties will be the main priority.
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[Verfasser], Ashenafi Gedamu-Gobena. "Triticale Production in Ethiopia - Its Impact on Food Security and Poverty Alleviation in the Amhara Region / Ahenafi Gedamu Gobena." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1006915303/34.
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Belay, Belay Tessema. "Molecular epidemiology and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among HIV positive and HIV negative tuberculosis patients in Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91937.
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Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the recovery rate of M. tuberculosis from smear positive single morning sputum specimens subjected to long-term storage at -20°C, (ii) to assess the level and risk factors for first- and second-line anti-TB drug resistance, (iii) to evaluate the performance of the GenoType®MTBDRplus and GenoType®MTBDRsl assays for drug susceptibility testing compared to the BacT/ALERT 3D system as reference method, (iv) to analyze the frequency of gene mutations associated with resistance to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP) and ethambutol (EMB) among M. tuberculosis isolates, and (v) to study the population structure and transmission dynamics of M. tuberculosis isolates from patients in Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia. The median specimen storage time was 132 days. Of 319 specimens, 90.0% were culture positive. The length of time of sputum storage had no significant effect on the recovery rate of M. tuberculosis. Of 260 M. tuberculosis isolates, 15.8% were resistant to at least one first-line drug, 5.0% were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 3.5% were resistant to all first-line drugs. Any resistance to INH, RMP, streptomycin (STM), EMB and pyrazinamide (PZA) was 13.8%, 5.8%, 10.0%, 7.3% and 4.6%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to second-line drugs. The GenoType®MTBDRplus assay had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 99% to detect INH resistance, and 100% sensitivity and specificity to detect RMP resistance and MDR. The GenoType®MTBDRsl assay had a sensitivity of 42% and specificity of 100% to detect EMB resistance. According to the molecular methods, mutations conferring resistance to INH, RMP, or EMB were detected in 13.5%, 5.8%, and 3.1% of the isolates, respectively, while mutation conferring MDR was present in 5.0% of the isolates. Of 244 M. tuberculosis isolates, 59.0% were classified as known lineages; Dehli/CAS (38.9%), Haarlem (8.6%), Ural (3.3%), LAM (3.3%), TUR (2.0%), X-type (1.2%), S-type (0.8%), Beijing (0.4%) and Uganda II (0.4%) lineage. Interestingly, 31.6% of the isolates were grouped in to four previously undefined phylogenetic lineages and were named as Ethiopia_3 (13.1%), Ethiopia_1 (7.8%), Ethiopia_H37Rv like (7.0%) and Ethiopia_2 (3.7%) lineages. The remaining 9.4% of the isolates could not be assigned to the known or new lineages. Overall, 45.1% of the isolates were grouped in clusters, indicating high rate of recent transmission. Similarly, 66.7% of MDR strains were grouped in clusters.
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Shiferaw, Woubishet. "Effective decision making and its impact on social justice : the Federal and Amhara National Regional Courts of Ethiopia : law and practice." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95182/.
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This thesis examines the challenges that the Federal and Amhara National Regional State (ANRS)1 Courts of Ethiopia face in the realisation of legal and social justice. The Ethiopia Constitution (1995) under Article 43 declares that Ethiopian people have the right to improved living standards and sustainable development where the basic aim of development activity is to enhance, through their full participation, citizens’ capacity for development and the meeting of their basic needs. The Constitution underlined this as the ‘North Star’ of social justice which would be meaningless unless dispute resolution mechanisms empower litigants and the people in gaining social justice and thus the attainment of the Constitutional objective. The attainment of the social justice is however problematic as the legal justice the formal court is administering does not meet the people’s Constitutional expectations. The mismatch between legal and social justice, coupled with the legal history and the prevalence of justice pluralism, tends to force the People of Ethiopia to use non-formal systems of dispute resolution. Thus, there is a need to refine the formal and non-formal systems and to align them with the Constitutional imperative of social justice. Judicial reform is being implemented, with the help of international institutions like the World Bank, but the underlining concern is whether the World Bank proposals on judicial and legal reform will meet these needs or whether they are too located in Western values, the suggestion being that they may suffer from the same problems as other modernisation projects. There also lies a tension between the Constitutional expectation, the conceptualisation of justice by professionals and clients, and the overall purpose of securing justice and preventing injustice. Litigants’ preference for justice is itself in conflict with other litigants and the diverse institutional understanding of justice that made the attainment of social justice a difficult exercise. The area is found to be so problematic that there is a need to re-connect the practical conceptualisation of justice with the Constitutional conceptualisation of social justice which the Federal and ANRS courts require the redoing of justice so that the conceptualisation of justice would not cause irreversible damage to people’s societal, economic, and ecological demands and to the sustainability of justice and development.
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Hassano, Zeinab, and Felicia Nordgren. "The impact of socio-economic factors and attributes on repayment ability in Microfinancing : A study of microfinance programs in the Amhara region." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40976.
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An insufficient financial market means that poor individuals cannot access financial capital, making it difficult for them to generate a stable income. Formal banks see these individuals as unreliable customers because of their financial background and see a risk that these potential customers will not repay their loans, which would put the bank at risk. Banks usually use the borrower’s assets as collateral for their loans. Unfortunately, not many of these poor people have any assets. Microloans can solve these problems by opening up the opportunity for financial capital that enables poor people to make the investments needed to create or develop some form of production and thus increase employment. This research was carried out to analyze if the collected variables can determine the repayment ability of those who got a microloan from the Amhara Credit and Savings institution. Since the borrowers received their loans through two different processes, this study divided the data into two groups. Group 1 received their microloan based on a personality test and the individuals in group 2 received their microloan based on group lending. This division is done in order to be able to eliminate that the lending process itself may have affected the repayment ability. This study is based on random sample data from the Amhara Credit and Savings institution. Regression analyses were performed using the STATA-15 software. The results are not entirely consistent with previous studies because some variables did not get the expected outcome linked similar to previous studies. Some of the variables in this study appear to have an effect on the repayment ability, but not all. Thus, the conclusion is that the results are insufficient and further research needs to be made to reject or confirm the influence of the socio-economic factors and structure of the microloan on the repayment ability for Ethiopian borrowers.En otillräcklig finansmarknad innebär att fattiga individer inte kan få tillgång till finansiellt kapital vilket gör det svårt för dem att generera en stabil inkomst. Formella banker ser dessa individer som opålitliga kunder på grund av deras ekonomiska bakgrund och ser en risk med att dessa potentiella kunder inte kommer att återbetala sina lån, vilket skulle sätta banken i risk. Banker använder vanligtvis låntagarens tillgångar som säkerhet för sina lån. Tyvärr så har inte många av dessa fattiga människor några tillgångar. Mikrolån kan lösa dessa problem genom att öppna upp möjligheten för finansiellt kapital som gör det möjligt för fattiga människor att göra de investeringar som behövs för att skapa eller utveckla någon form av produktion och därmed öka sysselsättningen. Denna forskning genomfördes för att analysera om våra insamlade variabler kan förklara återbetalningsförmågan hos de som fick ett mikrolån från Amhara Credit and Savings Institution. Eftersom låntagarna fick lån genom två olika processer delade vi upp dem i grupp ett, som fick sitt mikrolån genom ett personlighetstest och grupp två, som fick sitt mikrolån via en grupp med andra individer. Detta för att kunna eliminera att själva processen till hur de har fått lånet kan ha påverkat återbetalningsförmågan. Studien är baserad på slumpmässiga provdata från Amhara Credit and Savings Institution. Regressionsanalyser utfördes med användning av Stata 15-programvaran. Resultaten är inte helt i överensstämmelse med tidigare studier, i och med att vissa variabler inte har det förväntade utfallet kopplat till tidigare studier. Några av variablerna i denna studie visar sig ha en påverkan på återbetalningsförmågan, men inte alla. Således är vår slutsats att resultaten är otillräckliga och behöver ytterligare undersökning för att kunna avvisa eller bekräfta denna uppsats variablers påverkan på återbetalningsförmågan.
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Woldegies, Belete Deribie Dr. "Economic Empowerment Through Income Generating Activities and Social Mobilization: The Case of Married Amhara Women of Wadla Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1414506522.
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Melaku, Misganaw Tadesse. "Social and political history of Wollo Province in Ethiopia: 1769-1916." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7290.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDWollo, formerly referred to as ―Bete Amhara,‖ refers to a region of Amharic-speaking Christians. It was one of the oldest provinces of Ethiopia; located in the north-eastern part of Ethiopia at the cross- roads of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Sudan, and central and Southern Ethiopia. Its geostrategic central position has made it a historical focal point of historical dynamics in Ethiopia. Due to its geostrategic position, many writers of the medieval period referred to Wollo as the ―center and the heartland of the Abyssinian Empire. On account of these, major historical battles among political, social, and religious forces occurred in this region leaving their own mark on it and the nature of the Ethiopian state. Before the sixteenth century, Wollo had been a center of history, political administration, religion, and religious education. As a result, numerous historical events have taken place in this province. Due to such factors, it was part of the historically dominant regions in Ethiopia. However, after the sixteenth century we see a decline in the position of Wollo. A province which was part of the center, afterwards the sixteenth century, had been downgraded to the periphery following its domination by Islam and Oromo, which were two subjects of marginalization in Ethiopian historiography. Thereafter, the province was relegated from the country‘s political ground and historical narration due to ethnic, religious, and political backgrounds. In the earliest recordings of the historically dominant groups of Ethiopia, Wollo was not properly represented as it was regarded as a Muslim and Oromo province. In much of the recently recorded literature on the subaltern groups in the post-1991 period, the internal events of Wollo have been ignored. Therefore, both in the past and recently, the socio-political history of Wollo province has never been given due regard. Despite the fact that Wollo bears elements of both the historically dominant and historical subaltern of Ethiopia, it has not been provided proper representation by the narrative of the historically dominant groups, as it is not given proper place in the emergent history of the subaltern in Post-1991 Ethiopia. This paradox of Wollo belonging to both but not given due attention and representation is the corridor leading to explore the dark sides of Ethiopian historiography. Thus, this study attempts to examine why, how and in what way Wollo has been neglected from the country‘s political ground and historical narration. It will also try to reconstruct the social and political history of the province in the period under study.
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Weisser, Stéphanie. "Etude ethnomusicologique du bagana, lyre d'Ethiopie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211062.
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Cette thèse décrit et analyse les caractéristiques ethnologiques, musicales et acoustiques de la lyre bagana des Amhara d’Ethiopie. L’étude des données ethnologiques montre que le bagana incarne de nombreuses valeurs de la société traditionnelle amhara. Instrument considéré comme un don de Dieu et qui fut joué par des rois, le bagana est sacré. C’est un instrument intime, dont le jeu (toujours en solo ou accompagné seulement de la voix) est considéré comme un acte de prière ou une méditation à caractère religieux. Le musicien ne se donne pas à voir, ni par une dimension spectaculaire de sa performance, ni par une dimension phatique.L’analyse des accords utilisés dans le répertoire du bagana montre que cet instrument est essentiellement accordé selon deux échelles modales pentatoniques, tezeta et anchihoye. L’organisation temporelle des chants de bagana est fondée sur des pulsations discrètes très rapides. La pulsation apparente se compose d’un multiple de cette pulsation discrète qui change en fonction du motif joué, ce qui crée une sensation de rythme libre ou de rubato. Les chants de bagana sont fondés au niveau mélodique sur des unités qui se composent de paires de notes.
L’analyse musicale du répertoire du bagana montre que celui-ci est fondé sur la répétition variée d’un ostinato musical assez court couplé à des paroles qui changent sans se répéter (à l’exception du refrain) selon les lois de la poésie amharique orale traditionnelle. Les procédés de variations mis en œuvre sont en général assez subtils car ils doivent préserver la sensation de répétition tout en apportant des éléments nouveaux.
L’étude des propriétés acoustiques du bagana permet de déterminer que celle-ci produit des sons très graves (jusqu’au sol 1). Le dispositif chevalet large-obstacles modifie tous les paramètres du son. L’analyse de la facture traditionnelle montre que l’instrument est conçu pour produire un son grésillant, long et intense sans avoir recours à une caisse de résonance volumineuse.
Le bagana est un instrument puissant, qui permet l’établissement d’une relation directe avec des entités surnaturelles via une transe légère. La voix et l’instrument sont dans un rapport de fusion et de renforcement mutuel. Les modes phonatoires utilisés sont « breathy » et « harsh ». La présence de la voix agit comme un guide perceptif, qui intervertit le rapport fond-forme dans la perception de l’instrument.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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GIACOPUZZI, LEA. "Progettare lo sviluppo : interpretazioni a partire dall'esperienza dell'“Integrated multi-sectoral project to improve the Food Security situation in Sekota, Dehana, and Ziquala districts – Waghamra zone –Amhara regional state”." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278521.
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[Verfasser], Sewmehon Demissie Tegegne. "Livestock Water Productivity (LWP) improvement in the mixed croplivestock system of Ethiopian Highlands, Amhara Region: a gendered sustainable livelihood approach to target LWP interventions for rural poverty reduction / Sewmehon Demissie Tegegne. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1018830065/34.
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Belay, Belay Tessema [Verfasser], Joerg [Akademischer Betreuer] Beer, Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Sack, Arne C. [Gutachter] Rodloff, and Frank [Gutachter] Emmrich. "Molecular epidemiology and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among HIV positive and HIV negative tuberculosis patients in Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia / Belay Tessema Belay ; Gutachter: Arne C. Rodloff, Frank Emmrich ; Joerg Beer, Ulrich Sack." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1238150268/34.
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Ficquet, Éloi. "Du barbare au mystique : anthropologie historique des recompositions identitaires et religieuses dans le Wällo (Ethiopie centrale)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0123.
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Le Wällo présente une situation originale de coexistence entre musulmans et chrétiens, qui doit être comprise dans une perspective historique profonde. L'Amhara, province-mère du royaume chrétien d'Ethiopie, fut conquis au 16ème siècle par un clan oromo, les Wällo. Ces envahisseurs ont intégré les codes militaires et politiques chrétiens au point de s'immiscer dans les rouages matrimoniaux et stratégiques de cette monarchie. Afin d'échapper à la dissolution complète de leur altérité, les chefferies du Wällo se convertirent à l'islam à la fin du 18 ème siècle. Les rois éthiopiens reconquérirent ce territoire à la fin du 19 ème siècle au nom d'une unité nationale fondée sur la foi chrétienne. Ils échouèrent cependant à réduire la duplicité contestataire de cette frontière intérieure. La tolérance revendiquée aujourd'hui comme ciment de l'identité régionale recouvre les tensions exprimées dans la mémoire collective par un registre pamphlétaire conjurant les discriminations du passé et la peur de l'avenir.
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[Verfasser], Solomon Teferra Abate. "Automatic speech recognition for Amharic / vorgelegt von Solomon Teferra Abate." 2006. http://d-nb.info/980520738/34.
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Dires, Demeke Tassew. "Narrative strategies in selected Amharic novels from 2000 until 2010." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18483.
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The aim of this research entitled Narrative Strategies in Selected Amharic Novels from 2000 until 2010 was to shed light on the relationship among form, meaning (content) and social milieuin establishing the textual and contextual features of fictional narratives. It mainly contends that it is possible to unravel the textual and contextual qualities of fictional narratives by studying form as a narrative strategy. In this research, form, when understood as a narrative strategy, is not only considered as a textual construct which motivates textual meaning but also regarded as a product of the social milieu from which the text emerges. Having this conception, form as a narrative strategy is investigated in selected Amharic novels published from 2000 until 2010 in view of expounding the artistic and thematic features of contemporary Amharic novels, endeavouring to fill the knowledge gap in Amharic literary scholarship about their literary features. The present research applies narratological approaches that range from classical to post-classical
narratology. However, it dominantly uses post-classical conceptions of narratology as guidelines for its discussion. The dissertation comprises six chapters. The first one is an introductory chapter in which the research problems, goals and assumptions are explicated. Chapter two deals with the theoretical framework where the theoretical insight the research utilizes as a guideline is outlined and methodological issues are specified. The following three chapters focus on the analysis. In the third chapter, story is investigated as a narrative strategy in Yeburqa Zemeta (Burka’s Silence) (2000); in the fourth one, focalization is treated as a narrative strategy in Gerač.a Qač.eloč (Grey
Bells) (2005), and in the fifth chapter, characterization is studied as a narrative strategy in
Dèrtogada (Dertogada) (2010). The dissertation concludes with a chapter in which independent findings in the three analysis chapters are summed up and generalizations on the textual and contextual features of the present day Amharic novels are made.Afrikaans & Theory of Literature
D. Litt. et Phil. (Theory of Literature)
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[Verfasser], Martha Yifiru Tachbelie. "Morphology-based language modeling for amharic / vorgelegt von Martha Yifiru Tachbelie." 2010. http://d-nb.info/100845589X/34.
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Ewnetu, Anteneh Aweke. "The Representation of Ethiopian politics in selected Amharic novels, 1930 - 2010." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13857.
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Amharic literature has always occupied an important place in the history of the literary traditions of Ethiopia. Although this literature is believed to be strongly related to the politics of the country, there has
been no study that proves this claim across the different political periods in the country. It would be ambitious to deal with all the literary genres in this respect. Therefore, delimiting the investigation of the problem is considered to be useful to filling the knowledge gap. Accordingly, this comparative research which investigates a representation of Ethiopian politics in selected Amharic novels across three political periods: 1930 – 2010 was designed.
The objective of the research is to investigate the representation of Ethiopian politics in selected Amharic novels. The basic research question focuses on how these representations can be explained. An eclectic theoretical approach (the New Historicism, Bourdieu’s System Theory and the Critical Discourse Analysis) is employed to understand the representations. The main method of data collection focuses on a close reading of non-literary and literary texts. A purposive sampling technique is used to select the sample novels as the technique allows to select those that yield the most relevant data using some criteria.
Based on the criteria set, sixteen novels are selected. The manners in which the political events represented in the novels are examined using different parameters. The parameters also look into the
methods used in representing the political events and the time in which the events were represented, i.e. whether they are represented contemporarily, post-contemporarily or before the actual happening of the event. Having read the novels critically, the political events that took place in the three respective states are identified, analyzed and interpreted. The analysis mainly shows that different novels represented the political events in different manners: lightly or deeply, overtly or covertly, positively or negatively, contemporaneously or post-contemporaneously. Regarding the ‘how’ of the representations, it is observed that the critical novels, for instance, Alïwälädïm and Adäfrïs are covert and use symbols, direct and indirect allusions and other figures of speeches, and other techniques including turn taking, and size of dialogues to achieve their goals. Some political events are found to be either under-represented or totally un-represented in the novels. In some cases, same political events are represented differently in different novels at different times. Some novels that criticized the political events of the governments contemporaneously have been removed from market, republished in the political period that followed and exploited by the emerging government for its political end.
There are some patterns observed in the analyses and interpretations of the politics in the novels. One of the patterns is that sharp criticisms on the events of an earlier political period are usually reflected in novels published in a new period. The critique novels of the Haileselassie government, for instance, Maïbäl Yabïyot Wazema, were published during the Darg period, and those that were critical of the Darg government, for instance, Anguz, were published in the EPRDF period. Another pattern observed is that there is no novel that praises a past regime, even despite being critical of a contemporary government. No novel written during the Darg period admired the Haileselassie period; and no novel written during the EPRDF period appreciated the Darg period.
There are cases in which novelists who were critical of the contemporary Haileselassie and Darg periods, for instance, Abe and Bealu, respectively, ended up in detention or just disappeared and their novels, Alïwälädïm and Oromay, respecitely were banned from being circulated. Unlike the two previous political periods, the critique novels of the EPRDF period, for instance Dertogada, Ramatohara, and Yäburqa Zïmïta, have been published, or even republished, several times. Novels written during the Haileselassie period, such as Alïwälädïm, which were critical of the respective contemporary period, made their criticism covertly, using probes and imaginary settings and characters, while the critique novels of the EPRDF period, criticize overtly, and boldly. Generally, it could be concluded that the novels had the power to reflect history, and show human and class relationships implicitly, through the interactions of characters, story developments, and plot constructions, and the impact that politics has on the literature, and the influence of literature on politics.Classics and World Languages
D. Phil. (Theory of Literature)
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Zárubová, Martina. "Amharové v Etiopii." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339994.
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The aim of this thesis is to present from the historical perspective the Ethiopian Amharas as a nation, which, even though they are not forming majority of the state, they had and still have major impact on the Ethiopian society. They also maintained influence on other nations mainly thanks to the Amharic language, which became the official language of the whole of Ethiopia. The structure of the work is divided in such a way in order to include all the relevant phases that are related to the history and life of the Ethiopian Amharas. The compilation of the work is based on the theoretical analysis and the study of the literature. In the thesis I give a brief overview of the history, including the legend of the origin of the Solomon dynasty, to which the Amharas still avow. In the view of the fact that significant role in Ethiopian society plays also the affiliation of most of the Amharas with the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, I deal with its history and hierarchies. I also apprise of the religious rituals, feasts and celebrations. In individual parts I follow up the historical roots of Amharic and its relevance to a particular language group. Role of Amharic is analyzed with respect to the educational system in Ethiopia, I am also referring to its role in connection with the so-called Amharization...
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Teserra, Saba Amsalu [Verfasser]. "Bilingual word and chunk alignment : a hybrid system for Amharic and English / Saba Amsalu Teserra." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985328878/34.
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Pillai, Sharmila. "Integrating learner culture into the elementary curriculum : the case of grade 2 science in the Amharic speaking regions of Ethiopia." Thesis, 2002. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1717/1/MQ68362.pdf.
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This thesis study investigates the integration of traditional indigenous knowledge into an elementary school curriculum in the Amharic speaking regions of Ethiopia. The main question it addresses is whether science education in this developing country builds on the learners' schemas, culture and environment, to learning leading to eventual marginalisation. My study is in two phases. The first is a content analysis of a Grade 2 Science textbook used in the Amharic-speaking areas around Addis Ababa. The second is a classroom observation, which I conducted in four schools in September 2001, comparing the findings of the content analysis to actual teacher language and behaviour at the point of delivery. The overall findings suggest that the inclusion of indigenous content taught via Amharic can be an effective bridge between students' local understandings of phenomena in their home culture and "Western" scientific ways of looking and knowing.
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Debela, Nega Worku. "Minority language education with special reference to the cultural adaption of the Ethiopian community in South Australia / by Nega Worku Debela." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18659.
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Van, Aswegen Jacobus Gerthardus. "Language maintenance and shift in Ethiopia : the case of Maale." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2119.
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The focus of this study is on language maintenance and shift in Maale, a minority language spoken in Ethiopia. The main aims of the study are to give an account of the underlying social factors that have contributed to language maintenance in the Maale speech community, and to investigate whether the mother-tongue literacy programme in the Maale region is going to facilitate language maintenance or contribute to language shift. The findings suggest that regional nationalism, which corresponds to ethnic nationalism in Paulston's theory of social mobilisation, is the reason why the Maale language has been maintained as a viable language in spite of centuries of political repression. The findings also indicate that the mother-tongue literacy programme currently contributes to language maintenance but it is a stepping stone to further education, which favours the learning of a second language, which could lead to possible attrition of the mother tongue.Linguistics
M.A. (Sociolinguistics)
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Kebede, Shawle Dagnachew. "A critical analysis of reasons for turnover of police personnel in Amhara." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4830.
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My goal in this research was to identify the reasons for the turnover of police officials in the Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia in order for the Amhara National Regional State Police Commission to retain a greater number of police personnel in future. A further purpose was to share and introduce a number of important reasons for turnover, namely poor salary, low emphasis by government, risk of work in policing, hardship of policing, lack of extra pay for extra work, unfair decisions and unequal treatment, tentativeness of the rules and regulations, lack of an incentive/reward system, unfair transfer and lack of transfer, lack of promotion, lack of respect for policing on the part of the community, lack of participation in decisions, inadequate equipment, and lack of and unfair educational opportunities.
The research describes to what extent the poor salary and low emphasis on policing by the government influence turnover. It clearly portrays the emphasis placed by all respondents on these two factors in particular.
Finally, this research explains the responsibility of police management structures to establish and maintain diversified management situations so that relatively safe and agreeable conditions pertain at all levels of the police service and in all areas of the work of an official. Therefore, the researcher hopes that the senior management of the Amhara Police Commission will recognise the seriousness of the problem of turnover and will improve the internal management of the organisation in the interests of all inhabitants of the region.Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing)