To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Amharic.
Journal articles on the topic 'Amharic'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Amharic.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Hayward, Katrina, and Richard J. Hayward. "Amharic." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22, no. 1-2 (June 1992): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300004606.
Full text
2
E.H., Emam, and A. M. Mekonnen. "Patterns of Code-switching in the Amharic Media." Macrolinguistics 10, no. 17 (December 31, 2022): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2022.10.17.6.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines patterns of Amharic-English code-switching in the Amharic media language use. It employed a qualitative descriptive approach, which helped break down the recordings and transcripts into intelligible units that helped explain the various language use forms created by code-switching in the Amharic media. Thus, five Amharic media outlets focusing on sport, medical science, and science and technology were purposively selected to study language use in the Amharic media. Hence, 1090 examples which have both Amharic and English elements were selected. A generic step of data analysis was made so as to classify the different types and patterns of code-switching instances. The findings indicated that the three different types of code-switching, namely tag switching, inter-sentential code-switching, and intra-sentential code-switching, are found in the Amharic media language use. Moreover, it was found that there are different patterns of code-switching from English to Amharic. Thus, it is shown that Amharic is the matrix language and is quite resistant against any change of its basic word order. It can also be seen that the mixed constituents found in the Amharic media confirm that the matrix language frame (MLF) model can satisfactorily explain the patterns of Amharic-English code-switching.
3
Mekonnen, A. M., and E. Hussien. "Stylistic Motivation in Amharic Media Language Use." Язык и текст 10, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2023100204.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This article looked into the stylistic motivations of English words used in Amharic media. It used the qualitative descriptive approach to examine the data of this research so as to be able to investigate the stylistic motivation of language use in the Amharic media programs that are concerned with sport, medical science, and science and technology. Purposive sampling was used to select these programs, resulting in 1090 bilingual extracts. The English words were given due focus to examine the stylistic motivation that they have served in the Amharic media. In this study, it is found that there are numerous examples of English borrowing used in the Amharic media because they are shorter and more economical (i.e., for their brevity) than their Amharic counterparts. It is also found in this study that English loan words are used in Amharic media in order to precise some words for which there is no unequivocal Amharic equivalent. Employing variation of expression to avoid tedious recurrence of words in Amharic media is another finding in this study. Therefore, three aspects of the stylistic motivation developed by Galinsky are found to be available in the Amharic media language.</p>
4
Retta, Ephrem Afele, Richard Sutcliffe, Jabar Mahmood, Michael Abebe Berwo, Eiad Almekhlafi, Sajjad Ahmad Khan, Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry, Mustafa Mhamed, and Jun Feng. "Cross-Corpus Multilingual Speech Emotion Recognition: Amharic vs. Other Languages." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (November 22, 2023): 12587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312587.
Full textAbstract:
In a conventional speech emotion recognition (SER) task, a classifier for a given language is trained on a pre-existing dataset for that same language. However, where training data for a language do not exist, data from other languages can be used instead. We experiment with cross-lingual and multilingual SER, working with Amharic, English, German, and Urdu. For Amharic, we use our own publicly available Amharic Speech Emotion Dataset (ASED). For English, German and Urdu, we use the existing RAVDESS, EMO-DB, and URDU datasets. We followed previous research in mapping labels for all of the datasets to just two classes: positive and negative. Thus, we can compare performance on different languages directly and combine languages for training and testing. In Experiment 1, monolingual SER trials were carried out using three classifiers, AlexNet, VGGE (a proposed variant of VGG), and ResNet50. The results, averaged for the three models, were very similar for ASED and RAVDESS, suggesting that Amharic and English SER are equally difficult. Similarly, German SER is more difficult, and Urdu SER is easier. In Experiment 2, we trained on one language and tested on another, in both directions for each of the following pairs: Amharic↔German, Amharic↔English, and Amharic↔Urdu. The results with Amharic as the target suggested that using English or German as the source gives the best result. In Experiment 3, we trained on several non-Amharic languages and then tested on Amharic. The best accuracy obtained was several percentage points greater than the best accuracy in Experiment 2, suggesting that a better result can be obtained when using two or three non-Amharic languages for training than when using just one non-Amharic language. Overall, the results suggest that cross-lingual and multilingual training can be an effective strategy for training an SER classifier when resources for a language are scarce.
5
Yeshambel, Tilahun, Josiane Mothe, and Yaregal Assabie. "Amharic Adhoc Information Retrieval System Based on Morphological Features." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031294.
Full textAbstract:
Information retrieval (IR) is one of the most important research and development areas due to the explosion of digital data and the need of accessing relevant information from huge corpora. Although IR systems function well for technologically advanced languages such as English, this is not the case for morphologically complex, under-resourced and less-studied languages such as Amharic. Amharic is a Semitic language characterized by a complex morphology where thousands of words are generated from a single root form through inflection and derivation. This has made the development of Amharic natural language processing (NLP) tools a challenging task. Amharic adhoc retrieval also faces challenges due to scarcity of linguistic resources, tools and standard evaluation corpora. In this research work, we investigate the impact of morphological features on the representation of Amharic documents and queries for adhoc retrieval. We also analyze the effects of stem-based and root-based text representation, and proposed new Amharic IR system architecture. Moreover, we present the resources and corpora we constructed for evaluation of Amharic IR systems and other NLP tools. We conduct various experiments with a TREC-like approach for Amharic IR test collection using a standard evaluation framework and measures. Our findings show that root-based text representation outperforms the conventional stem-based representation on Amharic IR.
6
Salih, Mohammed Hassen, Lena Wettergren, Helena Lindgren, Kerstin Erlandsson, Hussen Mekonen, and Lemma Derseh. "Translation and psychometric evaluation of chronic illness anticipated stigma scale (CIASS) among patients in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0262744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262744.
Full textAbstract:
Background Stigma is common among patients with chronic illnesses. It affects the delivery of healthcare for not addressing the psychological components and may interfere with the patient’s attendance to necessary health care services. Therefore, a valid and reliable instrument to measure anticipated stigma related to chronic illness is vital to inform possible interventions. This study aimed to translate the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (CIASS) into the Amharic language and evaluate its psychometric properties in Ethiopia. Methods The CIASS was translated into Amharic language using standard procedures. The Amharic version was completed by 173 patients (response rate 96%) with chronic illness from three referral hospitals in the Amhara region. Internal consistency was examined through Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity by using a Pearson correlation of P-value less than or equal to 0.05. Results The internal consistency was estimated at Cronbach alpha of 0.92. By using a structural equation model, and modification indices a model fitness testing was run and shows a root mean squared error of approximation 0.049 (90% CI, 0.012–0.075). The structural validity results in 78.8% of confirmatory factor analysis showed from the extraction of the three-dimension (components). Validity tests for convergent by using Pearson correlation positively correlated with common mental distress and negatively correlated with quality of life–BREF, and the construct validity shows a good valid tool to CIASS. Conclusion The Amharic language version of the chronic illness anticipated stigma scale shows a satisfactory level of reliability and validity on different psychometric measures of assessment. The tool may be useful for future researchers and patients with chronic illness in the Amharic-speaking population. Moreover, it will be used to see the psychological burden related to chronic illness and for comparison among international population groups.
7
Ado, Derib. "Revisiting the status of labialised consonants in contemporary Amharic." Oslo Studies in Language 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.8487.
Full textAbstract:
Though a lot of studies have been conducted on Amharic, studies on its phonology are very few and even those studies do not agree on the number and inventory of Amharic consonant phonemes. This study argues that there are 19 labialised Amharic phonemes. The study argues that overgeneralization of labialisation and loss of /w/ cannot account for all the occurrences of labialised consonants in Amharic. Minimal pair test and derivation of agentive and adjutative forms are presented as evidences to show the phonemic status of labialised consonants in Amharic.
8
A., Getahun. "Morphosyntactic Structures of Existential, Possessive and Locative Constructions in Amharic." Macrolinguistics 9, no. 15 (December 31, 2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2021.9.15.2.
Full textAbstract:
This paper lays out the morphosyntactic structures of existential, locative and possessive constructions in Amharic. Amharic belongs to South Ethio-Semitic language subfamily. It is natively spoken in the Amhara region and used as the first and the second language for some urban dwellers in the country. It is a working language for the Federal Government of Ethiopia. It serves the same in Gambella, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ and Benishangul-Gumuz regional states. The Amharic existential, possessive and locative constructions are characterized by using the same existential verb stem all-‘exist’. The verb is defective in its derivation and conjugation. Unlike the prototypical verbs of the language, the existential verb uses a different verb for imperfective and past verb forms. Unlike the regular verbs of the language, the existential verb, which is perfective in form, conveys present tense. It has been observed that indefinite nominals appear as the E (Existent) in existentials and possessives, whereas definite ones appear in locatives. The morphosyntactic features of existentials and locatives are the same in every aspect except the use of definiteness of the E (Existent). The possessives differ from the two constructions in word order and morphological structure of the verb.
9
Gereme, Fantahun, William Zhu, Tewodros Ayall, and Dagmawi Alemu. "Combating Fake News in “Low-Resource” Languages: Amharic Fake News Detection Accompanied by Resource Crafting." Information 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12010020.
Full textAbstract:
The need to fight the progressive negative impact of fake news is escalating, which is evident in the strive to do research and develop tools that could do this job. However, a lack of adequate datasets and good word embeddings have posed challenges to make detection methods sufficiently accurate. These resources are even totally missing for “low-resource” African languages, such as Amharic. Alleviating these critical problems should not be left for tomorrow. Deep learning methods and word embeddings contributed a lot in devising automatic fake news detection mechanisms. Several contributions are presented, including an Amharic fake news detection model, a general-purpose Amharic corpus (GPAC), a novel Amharic fake news detection dataset (ETH_FAKE), and Amharic fasttext word embedding (AMFTWE). Our Amharic fake news detection model, evaluated with the ETH_FAKE dataset and using the AMFTWE, performed very well.
10
Gereme, Fantahun, William Zhu, Tewodros Ayall, and Dagmawi Alemu. "Combating Fake News in “Low-Resource” Languages: Amharic Fake News Detection Accompanied by Resource Crafting." Information 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12010020.
Full textAbstract:
The need to fight the progressive negative impact of fake news is escalating, which is evident in the strive to do research and develop tools that could do this job. However, a lack of adequate datasets and good word embeddings have posed challenges to make detection methods sufficiently accurate. These resources are even totally missing for “low-resource” African languages, such as Amharic. Alleviating these critical problems should not be left for tomorrow. Deep learning methods and word embeddings contributed a lot in devising automatic fake news detection mechanisms. Several contributions are presented, including an Amharic fake news detection model, a general-purpose Amharic corpus (GPAC), a novel Amharic fake news detection dataset (ETH_FAKE), and Amharic fasttext word embedding (AMFTWE). Our Amharic fake news detection model, evaluated with the ETH_FAKE dataset and using the AMFTWE, performed very well.
11
Hailay Tesfay. "PRACTICALITY OF ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENTS: FROM AMHARIC LANGUAGE INSTRUCTORS’ VIEW POINTS." Ethiopian Journal of Business and Social Science 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.59122/1342ace.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was examining the practicality of Alternative Assessment in Ethiopian higher education Amharic Language educational context. The study also, endeavors to seek the challenges (barriers) of Alternative Assessment. In order to achieve the goals of the present study, the researcher used Assessment practices questionnaire and in-depth interview instruments. The data were collected from 35 Amharic Language instructors, teaching at different higher Education institutions. The data were analyzed through the mixed methods. The Quantitative result of both gender and level of profession, the study indicated that the practicality of Alternative assessment in higher education Amharic language context is averagely low. Also, according to Instructors’ viewpoints, the main barriers that hinder the practicality of Alternative assessment in higher Education are, time consuming, inappropriateness to correction and not suitable for grading. The study revealed that in spite of Amharic language instructors’ knowledge of Alternative Assessment and their agreement with Alternative Assessment implementation criteria, they rarely apply it in their Language context. Further researches should reveal why Amharic Language instructors are not interested in implementing Alternative assessment in their Language context. Key Terms: Alternative Assessments; Amharic language educational context; Amharic Language Instructors; Higher Education institutions
12
Mengistu, Abrham Debasu, and Dagnachew Melesew Alemayehu. "Text Independent Amharic Language Speaker Identification in Noisy Environments using Speech Processing Techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i1.pp109-114.
Full textAbstract:
<p>In Ethiopia, the largest ethnic and linguistic groups are the Oromos, Amharas and Tigrayans. This paper presents the performance analysis of text-independent speaker identification system for the Amharic language in noisy environments. VQ (Vector Quantization), GMM (Gaussian Mixture Models), BPNN (Back propagation neural network), MFCC (Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients), GFCC (Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients), and a hybrid approach had been use as techniques for identifying speakers of Amharic language in noisy environments. For the identification process, speech signals are collected from different speakers including both sexes; for our data set, a total of 90 speakers’ speech samples were collected, and each speech have 10 seconds duration from each individual. From these speakers, 59.2%, 70.9% and 84.7% accuracy are achieved when VQ, GMM and BPNN are used on the combined feature vector of MFCC and GFCC. </p>
13
Taye, Bekau Atnafu. "The medium of instruction in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions: Kotebe Metropolitan University Case study." African Journal of Teacher Education 8 (April 1, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v8i0.4367.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to examine the medium of instruction in Ethiopian higher education institutions and the perceived consequences of the failure to learn a lingua franca. The study was qualitative and it used interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Five teachers and five students took part in the interviews and six teachers and six students participated in the FGDs. The findings of the study showed that the role of Amharic as a working language has not been given recognition despite the fact that Amharic was constitutionally granted to be a working language. Due to language barriers, students who are speakers of Oromipha and other languages from the Eastern and Western parts of Ethiopia suffer passivity in the classroom because they do not speak Amharic although Amharic has been taught as a subject in all regional states of the country. Increased identity politics seems to have generated a negative attitude towards Amharic, Ethiopia's former official lingua franca. Non-Amharic native speakers appeared to lose interest in learning Amharic while they were in primary and secondary schools. The absence of an official, common language which could be used for wider communication in higher education has resulted in having challenges among the student population.
14
Kifleyesus, Abbebe. "The Argobba of Ethiopia are not the Language they Speak." Aethiopica 9 (September 24, 2012): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.9.1.238.
Full textAbstract:
The Argobba of southeastern Wällo and northeastern Šäwa live amongst and speak the languages of the Amhara and the Oromo with great ease as if they are members of these ethnic groups. For them Amharic and Afaan Oromoo are the languages of administration and market transaction and therefore important for Argobba survival in a region domi-nated by these two ethno-linguistic groups. Yet the Argobba I met in these lands identified themselves as Argobba, and they were known as such, despite the fact that several of them had Amharic or Afaan Oromoo as their first language. The central claim of this article is therefore that the Argobba of this region define themselves as Argobba based on their traditions, customs, beliefs, values, and total cultural practices and not on the basis of who can or cannot speak the Argobba language.
15
Mulugeta, Teferi, and Bye Yimam. "syntax of Amharic ideophones." Macrolinguistics and Microlinguistics 3, no. 1/2 (December 31, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/mami.v3n1/2.28.
Full textAbstract:
This study is on Amharic ideophones, a subject that has not been described well in the syntax of Amharic. The data used for the analysis are collected from natural settings of the Amharic-speaking community in Debre Birhan College of Teacher Education. The description shows that Amharic ideophones contradict some earlier generalizations made about the syntax of ideophones in such works which claim that ideophones do not fit in the grammar of other word classes in a language, and which states that ideophones do not enter any phrase structure, nor are they modified by other word classes. The description here shows that ideophones fit well into the grammar of the Amharic language. In contrast to such claims, they project different phrases such as noun phrases, which occur in subject and object positions and they can occur with or without a modifier. Their verb phrases appear with adverbial modifiers. Amharic ideophones can also be modifiers of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. They form complex predicates with auxiliaries. Their noun phrases come in dative, ablative and locative case forms. Ideophones occur in all types of sentences, suggesting that their distribution is unrestricted.
16
Bahrnegash Bellete. "Translating Amharic Poems." Callaloo 33, no. 1 (2010): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.0.0609.
Full text
17
Asker, Lars, Atelach Alemu Argaw, Björn Gambäck, Samuel Eyassu Asfeha, and Lemma Nigussie Habte. "Classifying Amharic webnews." Information Retrieval 12, no. 3 (February 20, 2009): 416–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10791-008-9080-x.
Full text
18
ullendorff, edward. "a tigrinya letter from an eritrean notable." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 68, no. 2 (June 2005): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x05000145.
Full textAbstract:
tigrinya (t[schwa]gr[schwa]ňňa) is, next to amharic, the most widely spoken semitic language in ethiopia, mainly in the tigre province and in eritrea. in most respects it is closer to the orthodox semitic typology than amharic. in terms of the number of semitic language speakers in general it follows arabic and amharic and surpasses hebrew by those who speak that language indigenously.
19
Melkie, Tadesse Belayneh, Zelalem Mengistu Gashaw, Zelalem Ayichew Workineh, Tamiru Minwuye Andargie, Tibeb Zena Debele, and Solomon Gedlu Nigatu. "Translation, reliability, and validity of Amharic versions of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): e0270434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270434.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Pelvic Floor Disorders (PFDs) affects many women and have a significant impact on their quality of life. Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) help to assess PFDs; however, both are not culturally translated into the Amharic-language. Hence, we aimed to translate the English versions of short forms of the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 into Amharic-language and evaluate their psychometric properties in Amharic-speaking Ethiopian women with symptomatic PFDs. Methods The PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 were translated into Amharic language using standard procedures. The Amharic versions were completed by 197 patients (response rate 92%) with PFDs from University of Gondar specialized and comprehensive Hospital. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were examined through Cronbach’s alpha and Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). A relative criterion standard, POP-SS-7 score, was correlated with total PFDI-20 and subscale POPDI-6 scores using spearman’s rank order correlation (SCC). Construct validity was evaluated by known group validity using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results Both instruments were successfully translated and adapted with an excellent content validity (> 0.90). The Amharic versions of the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 showed excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability in both summary and subscales (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.92 for PFDI-20 and 0.91 for PFIQ-7; and ICC: 0.97 for PFDI-20 and 0.86 for PFIQ-7). Criterion validity was good for POPDI-6 (SCC = 0.71; p < 0.001). Moreover, construct validity was acceptable, showing significant differences among groups of PFDs in the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores (Mann–Whitney U Test; p < 0.001). Conclusions The Amharic versions of the PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 are comprehensible, reliable, valid, and feasible in Ethiopian Amharic-speaking women with PFDs to evaluate symptoms and its impact during research and clinical practice. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the responsiveness.
20
Olani, Ararso Baru, Tariku Bekelcho, Asfawosen Woldemeskel, Kibreyesus Tefera, and Degefe Eyob. "Evaluation of the Amharic version of the London measure of unplanned pregnancy in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): e0269781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269781.
Full textAbstract:
Background Unplanned pregnancy is an important public health problem in both the developing and developed world, as it may cause adverse social and health outcomes for mothers, children, and families as a whole. London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) has been formally and informally validated in multiple and diverse settings. However, there is a dearth of literature on the validation of LMUP in Ethiopia either in the Amharic version or other languages. Objective The general objective of this study was to translate the LMUP into Amharic and evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Amharic-speaking women receiving antenatal care (ANC) service at public health facilities in Arbaminch and Birbir towns. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used for the study. Forward and backward translation of original English LMUP to Amharic was done. A cognitive interview using a pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from respondents. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, inter-item correlations, and corrected item-total correlations while construct validity was assessed using principal components analysis and hypothesis testing. Results Data was collected from 320 women attending antennal care services at selected public health care facilities. LMUP range of 1to 11 was captured. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancies was 19(5.9%), while 136(42.5 were ambivalent and 165(51.6%) were planned pregnancies. The reliability testing demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.799) and the validity testing confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale. In addition, all hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusions Amharic version of LMUP is a valid and reliable tool to measure pregnancy intention so that it can be used by Amharic speaking population in Ethiopia. It can also be used in research studies among Amharic-speaking women to measure unplanned pregnancy.
21
Gebreyohanns, Mehari, Chiamaka C. Onuigbo, Azhar Ali, Sonja E. Stutzman, and DaiWai M. Olson. "Providing Stroke and Hypertension Education in Amharic for Ethiopian Persons Living in Dallas, Texas, United States." Creative Nursing 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.26.1.66.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare knowledge of a stroke education module provided to bilingual members of the Ethiopian immigrant population in Dallas, Texas, presented in the Amharic language as compared to in English.MethodsA convenience sample of 84 participants were recruited using a snowball technique and randomly assigned to receive education in English or Amharic. The participants completed a pre- and posttest of their knowledge about strokes, a demographic survey, and a satisfaction survey. Data was analyzed using a general linear model and chi-square analysis.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between satisfaction scores comparing those educated in Amharic versus English (χ2 = 6.5108, p = .0107). Although mean pretest (10.8) and posttest (16.4) stroke knowledge scores were higher across all groups (p < .001), the mean posttest scores were lower for subjects who watched the Amharic versus the English video (14.9 vs. 18.1, p = .003).ConclusionThis study did not show a statistically significant increase in knowledge about stroke when presented learning materials in subjects' native language compared to in English. The use of video to present stroke and stroke-risk educational content can be used in future research and global health initiatives to increase stroke knowledge in the Amharic-speaking community.
22
Lusini, Gianfrancesco. "Lingua letteraria e lingua di corte: diglossia e insegnamento tradizionale in Etiopia fra Tardo Antico e Medio Evo." AION (filol.) Annali dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” 41, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17246172-40010020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Ethiopian literary tradition extends over a time frame beginning even before the christianization of the Country (first half of the 4th cent.) up to modern times. In this long period we frequently register phenomena of interference both among different languages (Greek, Gǝ‘ǝz, Arabic, Amharic, agaw languages and so on) and between various registers of the same language, produced or conditioned by specific cultural or religious contexts. Particularly, in the Middle Ages the differentiation between Gǝ‘ǝz as the language of the clergy and the written discourse, and Amharic as the language of the court and the verbal communication, had momentous reflexes on the traditional teaching, related to Gǝ‘ǝz liturgical texts, but orally transmitted in Amharic. This development proved to be crucial for the start of the literarization process of Amharic, to be dated back to the second half of the 16th cent., as an effect of the missionary propaganda of the Portuguese Jesuits and of their polemics against the Ethiopian Orthodox clergy.
23
K., A. S., and Wolf Leslau. "Introductory Grammar of Amharic." Journal of the American Oriental Society 122, no. 1 (January 2002): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3087707.
Full text
24
Leslau, Wolf, and Baruch Podolsky. "Historical Phonetics of Amharic." Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no. 2 (April 1996): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605732.
Full text
25
Hudson, Grover, and Wolf Leslau. "Reference Grammar of Amharic." Journal of the American Oriental Society 118, no. 2 (April 1998): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605917.
Full text
26
Rose, Sharon, and Wolf Leslau. "Reference Grammar of Amharic." Language 72, no. 4 (December 1996): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416150.
Full text
27
Leyew, Zelealem. "Code‐Switching: Amharic‐English." Journal of African Cultural Studies 11, no. 2 (December 1998): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696819808717834.
Full text
28
Appleyard, D. L. "Review: Amharic Cultural Reader." Journal of Semitic Studies 49, no. 2 (September 1, 2004): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/49.2.365.
Full text
29
Fellman, Jack. "Amharic Cultural Reader (review)." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 1 (2004): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2004.0012.
Full text
30
Abdi, Yirgashewa Bekele, and William J. Therrien. "Effect of Amharic Letter Acquisition and Fluency Instruction on the Reading Achievement of Ethiopian Students at Risk for Reading Difficulties." Journal of International Special Needs Education 19, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9782/2159-4341-19.2.59.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study took place in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and examined the impact of explicit instruction and fluency practice of letter/sound combinations on reading Amharic letters and words. First grade students at risk for reading difficulties were assigned via stratified random assignment to treatment or control condition. Students in the treatment group received explicit instruction and fluency practice on grade one Amharic letters, two times a week for 18 weeks for 36 sessions. Students in the control condition received typical Amharic reading instruction. Results indicate that students in the treatment condition significantly outperformed students in control on letter sound identification and word reading fluency.
31
Mulu, Alemebante, and Vishal Goyal. "Context-Based Text Completion System for Amharic Language." JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 66, no. 03 (2022): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2022.660326.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the practical aspects of easiness in communication using Short Message Service (SMS), E-mailing, correcting misspelt words and checking the grammatical mistakes. There are different data entry mechanisms to insert a text on the computer machine as well as a mobile device, such as a keyboard, soft keys, speech etc. The paper proposed to develop a contextbased auto text completion system for the Amharic language specifically to correct misspelling on Short Message Service (SMS), E-mailing and helps to correct the grammar mistakes as well. Data entry technique can be inserted with the support of text completion (predictive) or non-predictive. Therefore, we are using a statistical model, Predictive Partial Match (PPM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) approaches for implementing the Amharic contextbased text completion system. Since the system is developed by using the context-based and statistical model, we adopted the Amharic Part of Speech (POS) tagger system. For training and testing the system, we are using 395,464 unique words with frequency and 750,000 sentences that has been prepared by the Walta Information Centre (WIA) and Ethiopia News Agency (ENA). All those data have been used to build the Amharic dictionary, the corpus of the system and to calculate the frequency occurrences of each word as well. Finally, the results show a 14% improvement from traditional frequency-based Amharic word prediction system.
32
Nosnitsin, Denis, and Maria Bulakh. "“Behold, I have written it on parchment…” Two Early Amharic Poems from Ms. Ef. 10 (Koriander 2), St. Petersburg." Afrika und Übersee 93 (December 31, 2020): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.214.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with two short poems in Amharic from Ms. Ef. 10 kept in the Library of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Amharic, a Semitic language of Ethiopia, came to function as the second written language of Ethiopian Empire in the course of the 19th century. Samples of Amharic texts prior to this period are scanty and worthy of special study. The poems in question can be dated to the period end of the 17th – beginning of the 18th century. The article provides the texts of the poems with translation and linguistic and philological commentary, accompanied by a short description of Ms. Ef. 10.
33
Dikken, Marcel den. "Amharic Relatives and Possessives: Definiteness, Agreement, and the Linker." Linguistic Inquiry 38, no. 2 (March 2007): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2007.38.2.302.
Full textAbstract:
Ouhalla's (2004) valuable discussion of relativized and possessed noun phrases in Amharic leaves a number of questions open. Foremost among these is the placement of the linker element yä-. Starting from an analysis of relative clauses and possessors as predicates of their “heads,” this article develops a syntax of complex noun phrases in Amharic that explains the raison d'être and placement of yä-, and also accommodates facts about definiteness marking and agreement in the Amharic complex noun phrase that have hitherto largely escaped attention or analysis. The analysis emphasizes the role of Predicate Inversion and head movement in syntax, and it confirms and extends the minimalist Agree- and phase-based approach to syntactic relationships.
34
Teferra, Anbessa. "Girma Y. Getahun: Advanced Amharic Lexicon: a Supplement to Concise Amharic–English Dictionaries." Aethiopica 10 (June 22, 2012): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.10.1.213.
Full text
35
Endalie, Demeke, Getamesay Haile, and Wondmagegn Taye. "Bi-directional long short term memory-gated recurrent unit model for Amharic next word prediction." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): e0273156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273156.
Full textAbstract:
The next word prediction is useful for the users and helps them to write more accurately and quickly. Next word prediction is vital for the Amharic Language since different characters can be written by pressing the same consonants along with different vowels, combinations of vowels, and special keys. As a result, we present a Bi-directional Long Short Term-Gated Recurrent Unit (BLST-GRU) network model for the prediction of the next word for the Amharic Language. We evaluate the proposed network model with 63,300 Amharic sentence and produces 78.6% accuracy. In addition, we have compared the proposed model with state-of-the-art models such as LSTM, GRU, and BLSTM. The experimental result shows, that the proposed network model produces a promising result.
36
Gashaw, Anegagregn. "Rhythm in Ethiopian English: Implications for the Teaching of English Prosody." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.1p.13.
Full textAbstract:
In order to verify that English speeches produced by Ethiopian speakers fall under syllable-timed or stress-timed rhythm, the study tried to examine the nature of stress and rhythm in the pronunciation of Ethiopian speakers of English by focusing on one language group speaking Amharic as a native language. Using acoustic analysis of the speeches recorded from four Amharic speaking learners and two Canadian native speakers of English, comparison was made between pitch contours and length of speeches between speech samples of Amharic speakers with native speakers who are used in this study as a point of reference. The result of acoustic analysis showed that Amharic native samples displayed actual peaks on almost all words, taking longer time of articulation. It can be said that acoustic measures the study used for prosodic assessment of Ethiopian English exemplified the most occurring production tendencies of pronunciation that learners should give attention to. English pronunciation teaching to Ethiopians should involve the practice of stressing, un-stressing and rhythm to help learners improve their pronunciation from the influence of the syllable-timed rhythm of their mother tongue.
37
Reba, Kidist, Bizuayehu Walle Birhane, and Hordofa Gutema. "Validity and Reliability of the Amharic Version of the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) in Patients with Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia." Journal of Diabetes Research 2019 (May 6, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3513159.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Although it is largely preventable, type 2 diabetes is the most common type and accounts for the vast majority of diabetes cases worldwide. Objective. To assess the validity and reliability of the Amharic version of the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument for measuring quality of life in people with diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods. The Amharic version of the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument was administered to 344 patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Contribution of domain scores to QOL facets was assessed using multiple linear regression. Reliability assessment was done by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Result. The Amharic version of the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument has acceptable internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis has shown acceptable goodness of fit for 4 domain models. The physical, psychological, and environmental domains have a statistically significant contribution in explaining overall quality of life, while only physical and psychological domains have significant contribution in explaining the general health facet. Conclusion. The Amharic version of the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument is appropriate for patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The overall finding of analysis implies that the Amharic version of the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument has internal consistency and validity to investigate quality of life among patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and it can be used for studies which are going to be conducted in Ethiopia.
38
Bhatara Mohit, Tadele Zebrea, Belay Tefera,. "Validation of Family Functioning Questionnaire (FFQ) with a Sample of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Addis Ababa." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 6655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.3199.
Full textAbstract:
Contextually validated measures of family functioning of parents with special needs are unavailable in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to validate the Amharic version of the Family Functioning Questionnaire (FFQ) with evidence from community samples of families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (n=72). Having translated the FFQ into Amharic, then the validation processes of assessing the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the instrument were conducted using experts’ judgments, factor analysis, and internal consistency measures. The face and content validity assessments resulted in a measure that lends itself to the construct it intends to measure. The principal component factor analysis brought out two factors ( problem-solving and personal goal) with the majority of items demonstrated a factor loading above 0.5. The convergent validity of the FFQ was demonstrated via the Dyadic Adjustment Scale in which the observed significant intercorrelations suggested a strong construct validity of the Amharic FFQ. The internal consistency of the scale was also good, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 for the whole scale and 0.91 and 0.82 for the problem-solving and personal goal sub-scales respectively. Hence, the Amharic version of the FFQ can be used for measuring the quality of family functioning in families of children with developmental disorders in the Ethiopian context.
39
Solomon, Rodas, and Mesfin Abebe. "Amharic Language Image Captions Generation Using Hybridized Attention-Based Deep Neural Networks." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2023 (April 30, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9397325.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to develop a hybridized deep learning model for generating semantically meaningful image captions in Amharic Language. Image captioning is a task that combines both computer vision and natural language processing (NLP) domains. However, existing studies in the English language primarily focus on visual features to generate captions, resulting in a gap between visual and textual features and inadequate semantic representation. To address this challenge, this study proposes a hybridized attention-based deep neural network (DNN) model. The model consists of an Inception-v3 convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder to extract image features, a visual attention mechanism to capture significant features, and a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) with attention decoder to generate the image captions. The model was trained on the Flickr8k and BNATURE datasets with English captions, which were translated into Amharic Language with the help of Google Translator and Amharic Language experts. The evaluation of the model showed improvement in its performance, with a 1G-BLEU score of 60.6, a 2G-BLEU score of 50.1, a 3G-BLEU score of 43.7, and a 4G-BLEU score of 38.8. Generally, this study highlights the effectiveness of the hybrid approach in generating Amharic Language image captions with better semantic meaning.
40
Endalie, Demeke, Getamesay Haile, and Wondmagegn Taye. "Deep learning-based idiomatic expression recognition for the Amharic language." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 14, 2023): e0295339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295339.
Full textAbstract:
Idiomatic expressions are built into all languages and are common in ordinary conversation. Idioms are difficult to understand because they cannot be deduced directly from the source word. Previous studies reported that idiomatic expression affects many Natural language processing tasks in the Amharic language. However, most natural language processing models used with the Amharic language, such as machine translation, semantic analysis, sentiment analysis, information retrieval, question answering, and next-word prediction, do not consider idiomatic expressions. As a result, in this paper, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a FastText embedding model for detecting idioms in an Amharic text. We collected 1700 idiomatic and 1600 non-idiomatic expressions from Amharic books to test the proposed model’s performance. The proposed model is then evaluated using this dataset. We employed an 80 by 10,10 splitting ratio to train, validate, and test the proposed idiomatic recognition model. The proposed model’s learning accuracy across the training dataset is 98%, and the model achieves 80% accuracy on the testing dataset. We compared the proposed model to machine learning models like K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest classifiers. According to the experimental results, the proposed model produces promising results.
41
Hagos, Lemlem, Million Meshesha, Solomon Atnafu, and Solomon Teferra. "Identifying Amharic-Tigrigna Shared Features: Towards Optimizing Implementation of Under Resourced Languages." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 46, no. 2 (November 22, 2023): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i2.5.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, exploratory research is conducted to analyze statistical overlap across Amharic and Tigrigna at different level of abstraction, namely, word level, CV syllable level, and at phoneme level. Amharic and Tigrigna are among the most widely spoken Ethiosemitic languages in Ethiopia, yet under resourced to be fully integrated into TTS applications that assist oral society in their day-to-day activities. Text to speech research requires linguistic resources involving intensive text analysis and acoustic resources that involve digital signal analysis. TTS researches for Ethiosemitic languages have been explored on monolingual basis which require fragmented research activities towards the resource intensive task. Investigating the level of overlap for Amharic and Tigrigna gives an insight to reuse shared acoustic and linguistic resources across these languages and reduce duplication of effort in the process of designing higher level applications such as TTS. According to our statistical analysis, Amharic and Tigrigna share 86.36% at phonemic level, 85.93% at CV syllable level, and encouraging level of overlap at the word level. The extent to which these languages overlap at different level of abstraction implies the opportunity to reduce duplication of effort in the design and development of bilingual and multilingual TTS for Ethiosemitic polyglots.
42
Endalie, Demeke, and Getamesay Haile. "Automated Amharic News Categorization Using Deep Learning Models." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 27, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3774607.
Full textAbstract:
For decades, machine learning techniques have been used to process Amharic texts. The potential application of deep learning on Amharic document classification has not been exploited due to a lack of language resources. In this paper, we present a deep learning model for Amharic news document classification. The proposed model uses fastText to generate text vectors to represent semantic meaning of texts and solve the problem of traditional methods. The text vectors matrix is then fed into the embedding layer of a convolutional neural network (CNN), which automatically extracts features. We conduct experiments on a data set with six news categories, and our approach produced a classification accuracy of 93.79%. We compared our method to well-known machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), decision tree (DT), XGBoost (XGB), and random forest (RF) and achieved good results.
43
Drewes, A. J. "Amharic as a language of Islam." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 70, no. 1 (February 2007): 1–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x07000018.
Full textAbstract:
Amharic, the native language of a large group of the population of central Ethiopia, also functions as a lingua franca among the neighbouring peoples, and has done so for a long time. The language is usually associated with the culture of the politically dominant part of the population, the Christian culture. But it is certain that from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, and probably even before that time, Amharic was used also for Islamic religious texts: poetry composed to spread the basic religious concepts of Islam and songs to be chanted in religious meetings. The first foreign scholar to become aware of this was Enrico Cerulli, who published some examples of Islamic songs in Amharic in 1926. Much more has since been published by Ethiopians. In the 1960s I obtained a small collection of such texts which are discussed in this article.
44
Asaye, Gashaw Arutie. "Static locative expressions in Amharic." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 42, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2021-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper describes the semantics of static locative expressions in Amharic, particularly the variety spoken in Godʒdʒam. The analysis shows that the semantic category of a site subsumed under Path is exclusively expressed by an adposition. The adpositions can be specific and general locatives. The specific locatives show a specific type of topological relation (for instance, verticality as in tatʃtʃ ‘below, under,’ horizontality as in fit ‘front,’ containment as in wɨst’ ‘in’) between figure and ground entities, but not the general locatives. Besides, static positional verbs encode the conflation of the fact of locatedness with a manner of the positioning of a figure. Based on Talmy’s Motion event typology, the present study has identified that Amharic uses a satellite-framed pattern in static locative constructions exclusively. Moreover, based on Ameka & Levinson’s typology of locative predication, Amharic can be classified under type Ia where a language uses a dummy verb in basic locative construction.
45
Asaye, Gashaw Arutie. "Static locative expressions in Amharic." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 42, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2021-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper describes the semantics of static locative expressions in Amharic, particularly the variety spoken in Godʒdʒam. The analysis shows that the semantic category of a site subsumed under Path is exclusively expressed by an adposition. The adpositions can be specific and general locatives. The specific locatives show a specific type of topological relation (for instance, verticality as in tatʃtʃ ‘below, under,’ horizontality as in fit ‘front,’ containment as in wɨst’ ‘in’) between figure and ground entities, but not the general locatives. Besides, static positional verbs encode the conflation of the fact of locatedness with a manner of the positioning of a figure. Based on Talmy’s Motion event typology, the present study has identified that Amharic uses a satellite-framed pattern in static locative constructions exclusively. Moreover, based on Ameka & Levinson’s typology of locative predication, Amharic can be classified under type Ia where a language uses a dummy verb in basic locative construction.
46
Assabie, Yaregal, and Josef Bigun. "Offline handwritten Amharic word recognition." Pattern Recognition Letters 32, no. 8 (June 2011): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2011.02.007.
Full text
47
Hailu, Yemserach Legesse. "Language Law and Policy of the Federal Government of Ethiopia: Implications for Fair Trial and the Rights of Non-Amharic Language Speakers Accused." Acta Humana 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32566/ah.2021.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
Ethiopia is a multilingual country with a federal form of state structure. The 1995 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE Constitution) gave equal recognition for all Ethiopian languages, but has chosen Amharic to become the working language of the Federal Government. In order to accommodate the needs of non-Amharic speakers in the provision of public services, the Constitution and other laws such as the Criminal Procedure Code, require the use of interpreters. Particularly in criminal proceedings, non-Amharic speakers are entitled to be assisted with a ‘qualified’ interpreter to meaningfully participate in the cases. In practice, it is observed that accused people who do not speak the working language of the federal government are unable to effectively understand or get prompt and detailed information regarding the nature and effect of the case brought against them. Even if they know the case, they are not able to effectively explain their defences to the court or associated bodies, and thereby defend their rights. This study reveals that non-Amharic speakers are not effectively served according to the legal standards. This problem subsists mainly due to the absence or limited number of interpreters, as well as the use of untrained interpreters. Despite some efforts to address the problem, the federal government has not yet laid down any formal mechanism by which people with limited and/or no Amharic language proficiency are properly served in criminal proceedings both before and during trial. This study proposes the federal government to establish court interpreter training institutions and to standardise court interpretation by allocating the necessary budget; lay down a formal mechanism such as enacting detailed laws and working manuals for assigning interpreters; providing other local languages the status of working language; consulting interpretation technologies and working in collaboration with different stakeholders.
48
Gebremariam, Hailay Tesfay, and Abate Demissie Gedamu. "Assessment for learning strategies: Amharic Language Teachers’ Practice and Challenges in Ethiopia." International Journal of Language Education 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v6i2.20505.
Full textAbstract:
Assessment is the central point of educational progress; it is the assistant to teachers during and after teaching and learning. One of the assessment genres, assessment for learning is referred to gathering information during teaching and learning, to determine students’ success in learning. The study aims to determine the understanding of assessment for learning strategies and challenges may face in Amharic language teachers. The participants selected from all levels of general education (1-12 grades), through cluster random sampling, were 180 Amharic language teachers for a questionnaire survey. In addition, twelve (12) teachers and four (4) teachers were selected through cluster random sampling respectively for an interview and informal conversation. The data acquired through the closed-ended questionnaire was analyzed by a one-sample t-test, while the data obtained through an open-ended questionnaire; interviews and informal conversations were analyzed in qualitative verbal description. The results are presented in two ways; the data from the close-ended questionnaire shows that Amharic language teachers are practice assessment for learning strategies in the classrooms, which is statistically significant (P < 0.01). On the other hand, the data from the open-ended questionnaire shows most Amharic language teachers’ reliance is on the old form of assessment and their awareness assessment for learning strategies is limited. In addition, the challenges, based on the practice of assessment for learning strategies in faced in the language classrooms; lack of transparency, lack of knowledge and experience, school administrative problems, lack of training, and reliance on assessment preference are faced. Based on the findings, the study concludes with recommendations that can be implemented to develop assessment for learning strategies in the language classrooms; to minimize the challenges faced by Amharic language teachers in Ethiopian general education (1-12) schools.
49
Bulakh, Maria, and Denis Nosnitsin. "An Old Amharic poem from northern Ethiopia: one more text on condemning glory." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 82, no. 2 (June 2019): 315–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x1900034x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article presents a publication and translation (with linguistic and philological commentaries) of a recently discovered piece of Old Amharic poetry, possibly dating to the first half/middle of the seventeenth century. The published text bears the title Märgämä kəbr (“Condemnation of glory”), but its content differs from that of several other Old Amharic poems (not entirely independent from each other) known under the same title. It is only the general idea and the main topics that are shared by all Märgämä kəbr poems: transience of the earthly world, the inevitability of death and of God's judgement, and the necessity of leading a virtuous life. One can thus speak of Märgämä kəbr as a special genre of early Amharic literature, probably originally belonging to the domain of oral literature and used to address the Christian community with the aim of religious education and admonition of laymen.
50
Emiru, Eshete Derb, Shengwu Xiong, Yaxing Li, Awet Fesseha, and Moussa Diallo. "Improving Amharic Speech Recognition System Using Connectionist Temporal Classification with Attention Model and Phoneme-Based Byte-Pair-Encodings." Information 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12020062.
Full textAbstract:
Out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words are the most challenging problem in automatic speech recognition (ASR), especially for morphologically rich languages. Most end-to-end speech recognition systems are performed at word and character levels of a language. Amharic is a poorly resourced but morphologically rich language. This paper proposes hybrid connectionist temporal classification with attention end-to-end architecture and a syllabification algorithm for Amharic automatic speech recognition system (AASR) using its phoneme-based subword units. This algorithm helps to insert the epithetic vowel እ[ɨ], which is not included in our Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) conversion algorithm developed using consonant–vowel (CV) representations of Amharic graphemes. The proposed end-to-end model was trained in various Amharic subwords, namely characters, phonemes, character-based subwords, and phoneme-based subwords generated by the byte-pair-encoding (BPE) segmentation algorithm. Experimental results showed that context-dependent phoneme-based subwords tend to result in more accurate speech recognition systems than the character-based, phoneme-based, and character-based subword counterparts. Further improvement was also obtained in proposed phoneme-based subwords with the syllabification algorithm and SpecAugment data augmentation technique. The word error rate (WER) reduction was 18.38% compared to character-based acoustic modeling with the word-based recurrent neural network language modeling (RNNLM) baseline. These phoneme-based subword models are also useful to improve machine and speech translation tasks.