Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amibe libre'
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Merlin, Christian. "Contribution a l'evaluation des relations phylogenetiques au sein des amibes libres du genre naegleria : etude de la variabilite genetique chez des souches de naegleria gruberi et de naegleria jadini." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1P126.
Full textCasper, Thierry. "Les infections disséminées à amibes libres chez les sujets infectés par le VIH : à propos d'une observation." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11029.
Full textFouque, Emilie. "Les processus de différenciation et la résistance des kystes aux traitements de désinfection chez l'amibe libre Vermamoeba vermiformis." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2310/document.
Full textVermamoeba vermiformis is a free-living amoeba (FLA) widespread in the environment and artificial environments such as hot water networks. It is now well established that it acts as a reservoir for many pathogenic bacteria, such as Legionella pneumophila. The control of V. vermiformis in artificial environments represents an important health issue. FLA can turn from a metabolic active form (trophozoite) to a resistance form, called cyst, when conditions are unfavorable. Cysts are more resistant to treatments. Despite the high prevalence of V. vermiformis in hot water networks, the processes of differentiation and the resistance of cysts to disinfection treatments have been poorly studied. Therefore we investigated morphological and ultrastructural changes occurring during encystment and excystment of V. vermiformis. It appears that encystment is a fast process (9 h) which leads to the formation of cysts surrounded by a double-layered wall. During excystment, trophozoites do not emerge through an ostiole as is the case with Acanthamoeba. Then, we studied the effect of environmental conditions and cell concentration on encystment. We observed that the higher cell concentration was, the faster the encystment was, which suggests the existence of intercellular communication. Finally, we studied the resistance of cysts to conventional disinfection treatments used in hot water networks and to innovative treatment with proteases. These treatments were effective, in vitro, to inactivate V. vermiformis cysts. This work provides new finding regarding differentiation processes and cysts resistance of V. vermiformis, a free-living amoeba poorly studied
Ataya, Abdou. "Étude isoenzymatique de populations naturelles d'amibes libres du genre Naegleria : relations phylogénétiques et arguments génétiques en faveur d'une reproduction de type sexué chez l'espèce Naegleria lovaniensis." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T184.
Full textVandenesch, François. "Relations entre amibes libres et légionella : étude in vitro et in vivo." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M477.
Full textHAGNERE, CATHERINE. "Symbioses d'amibes libres et de bacteries de l'environnement hydrique induisant une mercuri-resistance et une limitation de la proliferation de bacteries pathogenes." Strasbourg 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR15011.
Full textEl, Kadiri El Hassani El Yamani Ghiziane. "Contribution à l'étude des amibes libres essais de systématique et approche écologique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614625j.
Full textEL, KADIRI EL MASSANI EL YAMANI GHIZLANE. "Contribution a l'etude des amibes "libres" : essais de systematique et approche ecologique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21121.
Full textOmar, Shabir Ahmad. "Étude isoenzymatique des amibes libres du genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa acanthamoebidae) par isoélectrofocalisation : application à l'identification des souches et répercussions taxonomiques." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1W267.
Full textThomas, Vincent. "Amibes libres de l'environnement : écologie et interactions avec des micro-organismes pathogènes émergents." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694418.
Full textMaisonneuve, Elodie. "Interactions amibes libres / micro-organismes : préférence trophique et étude comparative avec les macrophages." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2257/document.
Full textFree living amoebae (FLA) are protoza found in various environments where they can feed by phagocytosis on bacteria, fungi, viruses or other protozoa. Acanthamoebae castellanii was used as the main model in this thesis, divided in two parts. The first part of the thesis relied on the trophic preference of amoebae, in presence of different microorganisms. Amongst them, two bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, appeared as the most attractive for the studied protozoa. Bacterial extracts have been fractionned and their study has shown the protein nature of the chemoattractants involved in this interspecies crosstalk.Literature data have reported similarities between A. castellanii and other phagocytic cells such as macrophages. The second part of the thesis allowed us to compare phagocytic activities of A. castellanii and Thp-1 macrophagic cells towards four microorganisms: the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus and an Adenovirus B3 serotype. The influence of the two phagocytic cells on the microorganisms' growth has also been investigated. This has evidenced the behavior differences between FLA and macrophages towards pathogenic microorganisms, showing that results obtained by studying amoebae and microorganisms relationships could not be extrapolated in all cases to the relationships between macrophages and microorganisms
Ben, Salah Iskandar. "Les mycobactéries du complexe Mycobacterium avium : identification et interactions avec les amibes libres." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20682.
Full textHalna, Jean-Michel. "Contribution à l'étude des amibes libres potentiellement pathogènes : à propos d'une enquête mulhousienne." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M132.
Full textLeprince, Sylvain. "Etude comparative de l'inactivation des amibes libres du genre Naegleria par voie chimique et physique." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN4001.
Full textCoulon, Céline. "Amibes libres de l'environnement : résistance aux traitements de désinfection et interactions avec les Chlamydiales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665238.
Full textCoulon, Céline. "Amibes libres de l’environnement : résistance aux traitements de désinfection et interactions avec les Chlamydiales." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114806/document.
Full textAcanthamoebae are ubiquitous amoebae responsible for several infections, mostly amoebic keratitis. They are also resistant to numerous disinfection treatments, as well under their free shape (trophozoite ) as under their encysted shape. Most of the available data of efficiency estimated biocides used for the disinfection of the drinking water and\or the contact lenses, but few data are available concerning the treatment of surfaces or medical devices. These amoebae are also capable of serving as reservoir for pathogenic bacteria, in particular for new species of Chlamydia named " Chlamydia-like ". These new bacteria recently discovered are potentially responsible for respiratory infections and miscarriages. Despite their importance, only few data are available concerning the survival and the resistance to biocides. The objective of this work was at first time to evaluate the resistance of amoebae to disinfection treatments, as well for the trophozoites as for the cysts. Secondly, we studied the survival and the resistance of Chlamydia-like to disinfection, as well as their interactions with amoebae and with various cellular lineages; Chlamydia trachomatis served as control in this second series of experiments. The methods of culture and encystement of trophozoites as well as the choice of selected strains turned out critical for the evaluation of biocides. Some treatments generally considered as effective treatments of disinfection against most of the microorganisms showed an efficiency limited towards the amoebic cysts as well as the trophozoites ( glutaraldehyde ). Chlamydia-like turned out capable of surviving in the environment during long periods but are globally sensitive to disinfectants. Some of these bacteria are also capable to surve in amoebal cysts, what can confer them a resistance increased towards biocides
Cavalie, Laurent. "Relations entre amibes libres, légionelles et pseudomonas dans divers environnements techniques et en co-cultures." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON13514.
Full textThis work treats interrelationships between Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and free living amoebae in water. These protozoa could be true bacterial vectors or even amplifiers. There is an added medical problem since Legionella may cause outbreaks whose starting point is a contaminated hydrous environment. Moreover, certain free amoebas and P. Aeruginosa also have a pathogenic capacity. Different hydrous environments were tested for the presence of these organisms. Free amoebae were found in many environments and Legionella were only found in their presence. This assumption was then studied in vitro in sterilized thermal spring water. It confirms that certain amoebic genera allow the multiplication of Legionella contrary to Willaertia genera. P. Aeruginosa, on the other hand involve amoebic lysis by synthesis of factors of virulence
Denet, Elodie. "Adaptation de Stenotrophomonas maltophilia aux amibes libres du sol et rôle des pompes à efflux." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1263.
Full textThe opportunistic bacterial species, responsible for nosocomial infections in humans, occurs in terrestrial and aquatic environments. They are often characterized by natural resistance to antibiotics giving them a phenotype called Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR). The efflux of antibiotics via pumps, is one of the mechanisms behind this multi-resistance. While the role of these pumps in bacteria isolated from hospital is known, no data are available regarding their role in bacteria associated with other soil eukaryotic organisms such as amoebae. Nevertheless, data from the literature indicate that amoebae, mainly known to be predators of bacteria, are likely to harbour "amoeba resistant bacteria†(ARB). Among these ARB, opportunistic pathogens have been identified, some of which are known to be carriers of efflux pumps. The efflux pumps of these bacteria could thus interfere in the adaptation to soil amoebae. In order to verify this hypothesis, we first isolated and identified the amoebal population and the ARB of different soils. Among the identified ARB, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia are characterized by high contrast antibiotic resistance and high virulence. Interaction studies showed that S. maltophilia could multiplied in axenic amoebae and Sme efflux pumps were overexpressed. Furthermore, molecules secreted by the amoeba stimulate bacterial growth and preliminary studies of metabolic profile have shown that production of various secondary metabolites by the amoeba during the interaction with S. maltophilia could play a role in the efflux pumps expression
Mba, Medie Felix. "Le rôle des cellulases dans les interactions entre les mycobactéries du complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis et les amibes libres." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20695/document.
Full textThe genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, encodes a protein with the ability to bind to cellulose (Rv1987), one potential cellulase (Rv1090), and one fully active cellulase (Rv0062). This observation is puzzling, because cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls, whereas M. tuberculosis is a human pathogen without known contact with plants. We hypothesized that these genes could play a role in the interactions between M. tuberculosis complex organisms and amoebal cysts, whose wall contains cellulose.In our thesis work, we have searched by in silico analysis for the presence of these three genes in all bacteria with complete sequenced genomes present in the CAZy database (available online at www.cazy. org). This study showed that only 2.5% of bacteria encode the three genes simultaneously. Among these bacteria we have confirmed experimentally by PCR and sequencing the presence of Rv0062, Rv1090 and Rv1987 in the M. tuberculosis complex organisms. We have checked the transcript of the three genes in the reference strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv and we subsequently produced Rv1090 and Rv1987 fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and demonstrated that they were indeed able to hydrolyze (Rv1090) and to bind (Rv1987) cellulose. In addition, we have developed an experimental model of interaction between M. tuberculosis organisms and the free-living amoebae in order to understand the role of Rv0062, Rv1090 and Rv1987 genes. Initially we have shown that M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium canettii and Mycobacterium avium used here as a positive control were able to survive in the cytoplasm of the free-living amoeba such as Acanthamoeba polyphaga. We have further shown that M. tuberculosis and M. bovis but not M. canettii were able to survive within the amoebal cysts. Finally we have shown that M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. canettii were able to survive in soil for at least 6 months. The data obtained in this thesis support the role of cellulase in the survival of M. tuberculosis complex organisms in the environment and pave the way for the study of this unknown phase in the cycle of these organisms
Mounif, Eskandar. "Résines époxy/amine pour le rotomoulage réactif : étude de la rhéocinétique et simulation numérique de l'écoulement." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003668.
Full textMoussa, Mirna. "Les amibes libres pathogènes des eaux chaudes de la Guadeloupe : étude écologique caractérisation moléculaire et prophylaxie des zones de baignade." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0007/document.
Full textAmoebas are eukaryotic unicellular organisms, measuring from 10 to 300 µm, being able to live under a parasite form or to evolve freely in soils and aquatic media. They can even adopt either form depending of the environment. Some free living amoebas are highly pathogenic for animals and humans, especially Naegleria fowleri which develops in naturally hot waters at temperatures between 27 and 45°C. This species is responsible for an encephalitis generally lethal, the primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a case of which occured in Guadeloupe in 2008. A 9-year-old child having contracted the disease, died a few days after a bath in the hot waters of Dolé, in Gourbeyre. Our Thesis at the Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, in association with the ARS, initiated a research program on these pathogenic amoebas poorly known in our territory, to better estimate the risk to contract the disease while bathing in geothermal recreational waters of Guadeloupe. We developed and worked out a method of detection and enumeration of amoebas using the molecular biology, which is currently applied in routine in our laboratory. Since January, 2011, a monthly monitoring of the baths revealed the presence of thermophilic free living amoebas and pathogenic amoeba in almost all the analyzed sites (Ravine Chaude, La Lise, Bain du Curé à Pigeon, Bains Jaunes, Bain de Dolé, Bain de Capès, Bain des Amours, Bain de la rivière Grosse-Corde, Chutes du Carbet, Morphy and the hot bath of Matouba), with the exception of sulphurated and/or salty hot waters of Sofaïa and the Anse-Thomas in Bouillante. The sequencing of the PCR products obtained were deposited in Genbank and confirmed that the Guadeloupean N. fowleri belonged to the Type-3 Euro-American, identical to that detected in the patient in 2008 (Moussa et al. 2013). The number of pathogenic amoebas varied from 2 to 30 amoebas / liter according to the baths, without exceeding the limit of 100 amoebas / liter recommended by the health authorities. In spite of this rather low concentration the baths require a regular surveillance. On the full year 2011-2012, the pathogenic species N. fowleri was the most frequently encountered species followed by N. lovaniensis and Hartmanella sp. These data of the surveillance led the ARS and the municipalities concerned to organize an awareness campaign destinated to the local and tourist population, based on the installation of prevention panels near the main sites where N. fowleri was found. The regular presence of N. fowleri during the year in most of the hot baths, especially the most frequented ones, leads us to look for the origin of their contamination. We discovered that geothermal springs are not contaminated at their emergence, but that amoebas come from the soil upstream the baths. This result which shows that soil is the natural reservoir of amoebas, allowed us to propose to the authorities effective means of prevention by installing pipes to carry the water from the emergence to the bath, without touching the soil
Robino, Etienne. "Etude des amibes marines et de leurs interactions avec les vibrios pathogènes d’huître." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG041.
Full textFree living amoebae inhabit aquatic environments and use phagocytosis of bacteria for their nutrition. According to the hypothesis of coincidental evolution of virulence, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis being preserved from amoebae to the immune cells of animals, the predation exerted by amoebae could favor the emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to phagocytosis. Since 2008, Crassostrea gigas oysters have suffered from over-mortality in France. This poly-microbial disease involves the Herpes OsHV-1 μvar virus which causes an immunosuppression of oysters that are then colonized by various opportunistic pathogenic bacteria including vibrios inducing the death of the animal. V. tasmaniensis LGP32 is a facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster hemocytes that resists phagocytosis and destroys hemocytes using different virulence factors. We have therefore undertaken to study the interactions between marine amoebae of the oyster environment and the vibrios in order to verify if some mechanisms of virulence could also play a role in this type of interactions. By performing field sampling, we demonstrated that the interaction between vibrios and amoebae is ecologically realistic and observed a low diversity of heterotrophic protists near the oyster tables of the Thau Lagoon compared to other less anthropogenic environments. Functional studies between LGP32 and the amoeba Vannella sp. AP1411 showed that LGP32 is able to resist amoeba predation involving certain virulence factors such as Vsm metalloprotease and CopA P-ATPase copper efflux pump which are also involved in the interaction of LGP32 with oysters. In contrast, other virulence factors implicated in the oyster are not involved in amoeba-predation resistance indicating that some factors are involved in interactions with various hosts while others would be involved in more specific interactions
Barbot, Vanessa. "Implication des levures du genre Candida et des amibes libres dans le risque infectieux lié à l'eau – contexte des soins dentaires." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT1404/document.
Full textMicrobial contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUW) is known since the 60's. Water circulates throughout DUW with environmental conditions encouraging biofilm development (low flow, surface material, stagnation). This biofilm, which is a reservoir of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, may represent an infectious risk for patients and dental staff exposed to water and aerosols generated during dental cares, in particular for immunocompromised persons. Micro-organisms coming from water, such as free-living amoebae (FLA), may be isolated in this biofilm. Protozoa belonging to Acanthamoeba or Hartmannella genera are ubiquitous in the environment; they are known to be opportunistic pathogens for Human (keratitis, meningo-encephalitis), to encourage intracellular development of some pathogenic micro-organisms (for example: Legionella pneumophila), and they have already been isolated in DUW.On the other hand, micro-organisms coming from the oral cavity of an infected patient may also be isolated in DUW water, mixed with saliva traces and/or blood, mainly because of the dysfunction or the poor maintenance of anti-retraction valves. Candida yeasts colonize human's oral cavity and digestive tract as commensals or opportunistic pathogens, thus implicated in oro-pharyngeal infections; they are sometimes isolated in DUW.This work focused first on the study of the survival capacity of two species of FLA: A. castellanii and H. vermiformis, and three species of yeasts: C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis, in water, with or without saliva. Results showed that the addition of saliva permitted both survival and proliferation of all three tested Candida species whereas no effect was observed on FLA growth. Then, interactions have been demonstrated between FLA and yeasts: A. castellanii were able to internalize and then digest the three tested yeasts species, inducing their rapid degradation, independently of saliva presence. Conversely, H. vermiformis were able to promote Candida survival and proliferation in water, with or without saliva.Finally, in order to prevent and fight against infectious risk associated with DUW water, the efficacy of commonly used chemical treatments: chlorine (NaOCl), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Oxygenal 6©, was studied against the three species of Candida and the two species of FLA. These treatments showed a variable efficacy: chlorine was effective only using the highest tested concentrations (> 14 ppm), which are not compatibles with DUW use. H2O2 displayed no significant activity in the experimental conditions (0.07% to 0.9% v/v). Oxygenal 6© seemed to be the more effective for eradication of Candida yeasts and FLA, in water (even with 0.05% v/v)
Qoraiche, Smaïl. "Dénombrement des amibes libres dans les eaux d'une station d'épuration de l'agglomération lyonnaise : interprétation génétique de l'analyse isoenzymatique des souches du genre Naegleria (Protozoa vahlkampfiidae) isolées." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T196.
Full textDelafont, Vincent. "Diversité et implication des amibes libres dans la survie et la persistance des mycobactéries non tuberculeuses au sein d'un réseau d'eau potable." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2278/document.
Full textFree-living amoebae are unicellular eukaryotes whose ecology in drinking water networks remains poorly understood. They may represent a public health concern, because of their ability to favour the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, among which are mycobacteria.A sampling scheme based on Paris drinking water network allowed identifying the diversity of both freeliving amoebae and their bacterial microbiome, using ribosomal RNA targeted pyrosequencing. These analyses indicated the major presence of Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba, Echinamoeba and Protacanthamoeba genera. The microbiome was highly diverse and dominated by Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas and Pseudoxanthomonas. The coupling of physicochemical parameters to this analysis allowed underlining the importance of water origin, temperature, pH and chlorine concentration in shaping amoebal populations. Also an original endosymbiosis between V. vermiformis and a bacterium of the TM6 phylum was described. Free-living amoebae were frequently co-isolated with mycobacteria in the water network, mainly M. llatzerense and M. chelonae species. Infection experiments on A. castellanii illustrated the capacity of these species to resist and grow in presence of amoebae. Through genomics and transcriptomics approaches, several virulence factors, conserved between M. llatzerense, M. chelonae and M. tuberculosis were identified, and found to be upregulated during infection experiments. These results suggest their involvement in mycobacterial resistance to amoebal predation.Altogether, this work helped to better understand the ecology of free-living amoebae and their microbiome in drinking water networks, as well as the role of free-living amoebae in the survival and persistence of mycobacteria in such environments
Rolland, Steven. "Mise en évidence de gènes d'amibes libres impliqués dans l'interaction avec des bactéries intracellulaires." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2281.
Full textFree-living amoebae are protists who colonize natural and artificial environments. Some strains of the genus Acanthamoeba are human pathogens. In addition, in response to environmental stresses, amoebae can differentiate into a resistant form called cyst, protecting them from adverse conditions. Free-living amoebae are described as environmental reservoirs for many bacterial pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila, a bacteria responsible for a serious form of pneumonia, called legionellosis. During this study, we were interested in the genes of A. castellanii that could be involved in amoebal physiology, especially encystment, and during interaction with L. pneumophila. For this purpose, several proteins of A. castellanii were selected from a proteomic analysis of L. pneumophila infected amoebae. The gene overexpression in the amoeba did not affect the intracellular growth of L. pneumophila. However, the overexpression of two of these genes partially inhibited the encystment process. One of them, the Erat protein, was analyzed in more details. It is an N-acetyltransferase-like of the GNAT family, has a potential prokaryotic origin, and its expression was strongly repressed during encystment. To conclude, this work led to the development of molecular tools on the A. castellanii model, as well as to improve knowledge on the amoebal physiology and in particular on the encystment process
Dey, Rafik. "Étude comparée de la prolifération de Legionella pneumophila dans différents hôtes amibiens et de leurs inter - relations : implication potentielle de phospholipides aminés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650228.
Full textGoudot, Sébastien. "Étude des facteurs d'influence de l'écologie de Naegleria fowleri dans les biofilms." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0304/document.
Full textThis study is aiming at preventing and reducing the proliferation of the pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri in several power plant cooling circuits. This work contributes to provide a better understanding of the ecology of this amoeba in complex environments such as freshwater biofilms, which recently has been recognized as privileged ecological niche for free-living amoebae. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the impact of environmental factors such as temperature, type of support material for the biofilm formation, nutritional resources and monochloramination treatment on the behavior and the fate of Naegleria fowleri in the biofilm. This work has demonstrated that the survival, implantation, maintain, growth and decline of Naegleria fowleri in biofilms are mainly governed by a combination of the temperature and nutritional resource factors. The other factors: type of support material, monochloramination treatment, and amoebic competition, appeared rather as disruptive or inhibitory parameters of this dynamic. Moreover, the obtained results for the amoebic colonization of the biofilm matrix confirm the crucial role of this habitat as natural reservoir for free-living amoebae and Naegleria fowleri
Freitas, Adilson Alves de. "Estudos de incorporação de solutos não-iônicos em micelas de detergentes zwitteriônicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-11102007-095443/.
Full textOne of the most important properties of aqueous micellar solutions is their capacity to incorporate organic solutes with different degrees of polarity and hydrophobicity. As demonstrated by Quina et aI. (J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 1170811714), one of the most promissing methods for obtaining correlations between solubilization eficiency and the solute and surfactant structure is via the use of linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs). The present work investigates the incorporation of a series of neutral solutes in micelles of the zwitterionic detergents hexadecyldimethylammonium propanesulfonate (CDAPS; 31 solutes) and the N-oxide of dodecyldimethylamine (DDAO; 33 solutes), as well as in the cationic micelles of the protonated form of DDAO (DDAOH+; 33 solutes). The incorporation constants were determined experimentally by photophysical techniques, from solubility measurements and by liquid and gas chromatographic methods. Analysis of the results by multiple regression techniques led to the following LSERs: CDAPS: Log Ks = - 0,55 + 0,99 R2 - 0,82 π2 + 0,36 Σα2 - 0,99 Σβ2 + 2,73 Vx DDAOH+: Log Ks = - 0,68 + 1,30 R2 - 0,78 π2 + 0,67 Σα2 - 1,45 Σβ2 + 2,29 Vx DDAO: Log Ks = - 0,46 + 0,89 R2 - 0,61 π2 + 0,82 Σα2 - 1,66 Σβ2 + 2,59 Vx where Σα2 and Σβ2 are the hydrogen bond acidity and basicity of the solute, R2 is the excess molar refraction, π2 is the dipolarity and Vx corresponds to the molar volume of the solute. The LSERs obtained demonstrate that zwitterionic surfactants are distinct from the other systems investigated previously. However, the similarity of the LSERs of DDAO and DDAOH+ suggests that incorporation of solutes is not affected by changes in the structure (charge) ofthe polar headgroup.
Cote, Yoann. "Theory and molecular dynamics simulations of the local dynamics and free energy profiles of proteins : application to the interpretation of protein NMR data." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS075.
Full textUnderstand the local dynamics of proteins in their native state, i.e. in their folded functionalstructure, is a prerequisite to understand their global dynamics and their biological function. In thepresent thesis, we investigated the local dynamics of several small proteins by recording thefluctuations of local probes along the amino-acid sequence of those proteins. We tried tounderstand the dynamics of the local probe, i.e. how they relax between their differentconformations, how their fluctuations are correlated to each other, how their fluctuations arerelated to the function of the proteins. In the first three chapters, we introduced the concepts of the free rotational Brownian motion, of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and of the Molecular Dynamics (MD)simulations. In chapters 4 and 5, we studied the dynamics of the backbone amide bonds of theproteins on their free-energy landscape. In chapter 4, we demonstrated that the fluctuations of the backbone amide bonds of the protein VA3 are described by a rotational anomalous diffusion rather than by a free rotationaldiffusion, as often assumed in the interpretation of the raw NMR-measured data (Spin relaxation(SR) data and Residual Dipolar Coupling (RDC) data. [...] In chapter 5, we demonstrated the anomalous diffusion of backbone amide bonds up to 100 ns by using ten MD trajectories of 1 μs of duration for the protein ubiquitin. We also studied the convergence of the NMR-derived parameters extracted from the MD trajectories in function of their duration. [...] In chapter 6, we addressed the question of the correlation between the motions of the side chains and main chain of a protein. [...] In the first part of the final chapter of the present thesis, we investigated the evolution of the correlation between the side-chain and the main-chain motions of a protein during unfolding/folding events. In this preliminary work, we used a single MD simulation of the ultrafast folder Trp-cage performed at 380 K. We confirmed the results found for proteins in theirnative state. We observed an increase of the correlation between the two time series yn(t) and δn(t) during an unfolding event characterized, here, by the exit of the TRP residue of its “cage”.A steric parameter s was also defined in order to quantify interactions of the amino-acid side chainwith its environment. In a second part of the last chapter, we present a preliminary study of theunfolding of the downhill folder gpW under a mechanical force. To characterized the unfolding ofgpW, we computed the chemical shift of the Cª and of the Hⁿ atoms along the amino-acidsequence of the protein in function of a reaction coordinate: the distance, rCªCª , between the Cª atoms of the N and C terminal residues. We demonstrated that it is hard to distinguish a typical behavior of all the chemical shift of all the residues along the amino-acid sequence in function of the distance rCªCª . However, by averaging the chemical shift over all the residues of the protein we found that the evolution of the average value of the chemical shift described the unfolding eventsof the protein during the MD simulations
Guichard, Vincent. "Etude par spectrometrie raman de resonnance d'amines a l'etat de radical-cation et a l'etat triplet : contribution a l'etude des etats radicalaires et excites des derives benzeniques." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066276.
Full textPotin-Gautier, Martine. "Photoamidation d'olefines fluorees, en milieu homogene et en milieux microemulsions non aqueux." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30011.
Full textDiercxsens, Nicolas. "Synthèse d’amidines et de composés trifluorométhylés par le biais de molécules hautement réactives." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20038.
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