Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amidon'
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Savary, Catherine. "Mélanges amidon-polymères synthétiques : structure et biofragmentation." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10068.
Full textALLONCLE, MARTINE. "Etude rheologique et structurale des interactions amidon-hydrocolloide." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112055.
Full textDony, Philippe. "Étude et caractérisation de mélanges amidon plastifié/ionomère." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS042/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the preparation and the study of plasticized starch/ionomer blends. The study aims to link the thermomechanical properties of these materials with their morphology and the interactions that may exist between the two components. The type of ionomer is derived from poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid). The plasticized wheat starch (TPS) is obtained by destructuring the granule using an internal mixer. It makes it possible both to rationalize the choice of candidates by a screening process based on the measurement of the viscosity ratio p of the materials and to carry out the mixtures. Under the conditions where p is close to unity, the critical capillary number is minimal, the morphology is the finest and interactions are maximized. The study of the thermal properties reveals the existence of an interface and the modification of the crystallinity of ionomer due to the presence of TPS. The mechanical behavior of formulations is intermediate between that of a composite and that of a polymers blend. Models show an inversion to high percentages of plasticized starch. The morphology is multimodal, which explains the mechanical behavior. It indicates the existence of a phase inversion between 65% and 90% of weight plasticized starch,. Finally, the interactions involve both the polar and the apolar parts of ionomers
Baumberger, Stéphanie. "Obtention et caractérisation de matériaux composites amidon-lignines." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAP0009.
Full textMbey, Jean Aimé. "Films composites amidon de manioc-kaolinite : influence de la dispersion de l'argile et des interactions argile-amidon sur les propriétés des films." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0006/document.
Full textIn this study, composites films made from glycerol plasticized cassava starch and a kaolinite clay, as mineral filler, were studied. The origin and mechanisms of clay-starch interactions and their role on films properties are examined. To deal with the unexpandable nature of kaolinite, an analysis of its exfoliation mechanism was done through dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) intercalation followed by DMSO displacement using ethyl acetate and ammonium acetate. The crystalline structure of kaolinite is deeply disordered upon DMSO displacement because of a random reassociation of the clay layers. A better dispersion of the intercalated kaolinite within a polymer matrix is then expected. This expectation was confirmed by the comparison of microscopes and X-ray diffraction analyses on films charged with various dosages of raw or DMSO intercalated kaolinite. The lowering of the glass transition temperature and the elastic modulus together with the increase of barrier effects to thermal decomposition, water vapour diffusion and visible UV transmission, confirmed that the intercalated kaolinite is better dispersed. The starch chain orientation coupled to increase starch/glycerol miscibility due to the transportation of glycerol at the interface by clay particles are the two mechanisms that better explained plasticization effect induced by the filler. The interference of starch-kaolinite interactions on starch chain-chain interactions caused a decrease of starch matrix cristallinity that contribute to increase plasticization. The starch-kaolinite interactions are found to be weak due electrostatic repulsion associated to some weak associative forces due to hydrogen bonds
Szydlowski, Nicolas. "Contribution à l’étude fonctionnelle des amidon-synthétases dans la feuille d’Arabidopsis thaliana : initiation et élongation du polysaccharide de réserve." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10049/document.
Full textFive isoforms of starch synthase (the elongation enzyme of the starch pathway) have been identified in land plants genomes. One of them, the GBSS (Granule Bound Starch Synthase) is noncovalently bound to the starch granule and is responsible for amylose synthesis. Three other isoforms, SS1, SS2 and SS3, are soluble within the chloroplast, where they elongate the amylopectin-forming glucans. Recently, it has been proposed that another isoform, SS4, is involved in the control of the size and the number of starch granules per chloroplast. We are now reporting, the phenotypic analysis of double mutant combinations including mutations at SS1, SS2 and SS3 loci. The analysis of amylopectin glucan length distribution shows that SS2 and SS3 isoforms are partially redundant for the elongation of DP12 to DP28 glucans. In addition, structural studies of amylopectin after ß-amylolysis, suggest that the normal synthesis of amylopectin internal molecular structure requires the presence of at least two of the three isoforms. We also provide in this work, further evidences indicating that SS4 is involved in the initiation of starch synthesis, and that this isoform is necessary and sufficient for the production of the regular number of starch granules per chloroplast. However, SS3 activity is partially redundant to that of SS4 in this regard, and the presence of one of these isoforms is sufficient to initiate starch biosynthesis in the triple mutant lines ss1- ss2- ss3- and ss1- ss2- ss4-
Landreau, Emmanuel. "Matériaux issus de ressources renouvelables. Mélanges amidon plastifié/PA11 compatibilisés." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000801.pdf.
Full textTo develop renewable resources based material, plasticized starch were blend with polyamide 11, a bio-based polymer from castor oil, to improve its mechanical properties and water resistance. Through the high polarity of the amide group, the blends need a compatibilizer to be efficient. The different molecules tested are polysaccharides with anionic groups known to interact with polyamide: sodium alginate, carraghenan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Tests runs in blender show that only sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can improve blend tensile properties. Optimization of the plasticizer, the compatibilizer level and the blend process lead to a mainly starch based material (70%) with a high tensile strength (15 MPa) and elongation at break (130%) with only 1% of CMC. These materials were blends in a twin screw extruder to be studied. SEM, solvent extraction, rheology and electrical resistance mesurment show a continuous PA phase up to 80% of starch. The polysaccharide has a mainly nodular morphology with a partial percolation around 30% starch. Isolated nodules co-exist with a co-continous structure up very high starch content. CMC reduce interfacial tension and nodule size preventing their coalescence. Compostability test on blends, show that starch mineralization is complete whatever its concentration is, but PA remain resistant to biodegradation
Randrembason, Vero. "Biocomposites amidon-cellulose : Elaboration, caractérisation et modélisation du comportement viscoélastique." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20009.
Full textUmurigirwa, Benitha Sandrine. "Élaboration et caractérisation d'un agromatériau chanvre-amidon pour le Bâtiment." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS017/document.
Full textIn order to control energy consumption, several European countries including France, adopted regulations to optimize the energy performance of the building envelope. This fact could increase the level of indoor relative humidity which can affect the health of the occupants and causes material damage. Using eco-friendly materials such as hemp concrete which can buffer indoor moisture levels might contribute to maintain high indoor comfort.The main purpose of this thesis is to optimise and characterize a construction material made of hemp hurds and wheat starch binder.The formulation of the hemp-starch is studied by varying starch/hemp ratio and its impact on mechanical properties. Sound absorption coefficient is measured for optimal composition. To improve the adhesion between hemp fibers and starch matrix, alkali treatment with sodium hydroxide was performed to solubilize hemicelluloses and lignin seal surrounding the cellulose bundle in the first step and then a silane coupling agent (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxylsilane was used to provide a stable bond between hemp fibres and starch matrix. The influence of the treatments were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR). After the treatments, mechanical properties of hemp-starch material were studied.Hygrothermal properties of hemp-starch material with and without fibre treatment were also measured. These properties include sorption isotherm curve, water vapour permeability, thermal conductivity and moisture buffering value
Landreau, Emmanuel Tighzert Lan Bliard Christophe. "Matériaux issus de ressources renouvelables. Mélanges amidon plastifié/PA11 compatibilisés." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000801.pdf.
Full textDeneufbourg, Florence. "Technologie des amidons : aspects physico-chimique, métabolique et nutritionnel." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P178.
Full textBalasse, Emilie. "Les propriétés adjuvantes des microcapsules d’hydroxyéthyl amidon. Application en immunothérapie anti-mélanome." Reims, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REIMP215.
Full text@Malignant melanoma is on the rise in fair-skinned societies. The discovery of melanoma-associated antigens by T cells led to the development of new active approaches of immunotherapy. We have tested a new strategy of anti-melanoma immunotherapy. To do that, hydroxyethylstarch (HES) microparticles were designed and used to encapsulate proteins extracted from a doxorubicin-resistant B16 murine melanoma cell line (B16R). The aim of this strategy was to improve protein presentation to antigen-presenting cells and therefore increase their immunogenicity. We have demonstrated that HES microparticles exhibit the required features for peptide or protein delivery systems, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, they are easy to produce and to use for loading of antigens. We have studied the adjuvant properties of HES microparticles on the immune response against bovine serum albumin (BSA). These particles 1) are not immunogenic, 2) can be internalized by mononuclear cells, 3) enhance the immune response against BSA, and 4) induce both Th1 and Th2-mediated responses. We have shown that subcutaneous prophylactic injections of free or encapsulated B16R proteins induced a weak slowing down in tumour development. Immunological studies revealed that this impair tumour growth was correlated with high levels of CD8 T cells in the treated animals. Since B16R cells do not express class I molecules both in vitro and in vivo, the reduction of tumour growth was not mediated by a specific cellular immune response. Moreover the cytolitic activity of spleen cells was higher when the target cells expressed MHC class I molecules. These results highlight the significant part of MHC class I molecules in the establishment of an effective anti-tumour immunity
Balasse, Emilie Madoulet Claudie. "Les propriétés adjuvantes des microcapsules d'hydroxyéthyl amidon. Application en immunothérapie anti-mélanome." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000706.pdf.
Full textHublin, Laurence. "Influence des caractéristiques structurales des amidons natifs sur leur réactivité chimique." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2092.
Full textVandromme, Camille. "Caractérisation de facteurs impliqués dans l’initiation et la morphogenèse des grains d’amidon chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1S103.
Full textMost of photosynthetic organisms accumulate starch to store carbon and energy produced during photosynthesis. It is thus one of the most abundant storage polysaccharides on earth. Despite our knowledge of starch granule properties and metabolism, its initiation process remains poorly understood. Great progress in this field has been made through the discovery of the starch synthase 4 (SS4) as a major protein involved in starch priming in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Indeed, this enzyme controls the number of the starch granules per chloroplast, but also their shape and their size. During my PhD, I focused my research on the analysis of a protein called PII1 (protein involved in starch initiation 90KDa) that interact with SS4 within the chloroplast. This study reveals the involvement of the PII1 protein in the machinery determining starch granules number in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Then, I tried to find new clues on the global comprehension of starch initiation. This was achieved by reporting the phenotypic analysis of double mutations including mutation of protein involved in starch initiation: ss3pii1, ss4pii1 and ss4phs1. These results highlight the specific role of PII1 in starch initiation compared to starch synthase. We also found evidence of the implication of phosphorylase PHS1 in starch initiation within non-photosynthetic organs
Desse, Mélinda. "Du granule gonflé à la suspension : comportement sous écoulement d'un amidon physiquement modifié." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360192.
Full textDesse, Melinda. "Du granule gonflé à la suspension : comportement sous écoulement d’un amidon physiquement modifié." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360192.
Full textStarch used as a food thickener is interesting for its nutritional value but also because it offers better flavour perception when compared to other food thickeners such as hydrocolloids. This latter property seems to be linked to the ability of the product to mix in the mouth and thus to the diffusion of the tastants to the receptors. A suggested parameter that could reflect the ability to mix in the mouth and allow differentiating food thickeners is the break-up of a droplet submitted to simple shear. The aim of this study is to understand the behaviour of a swollen-in-water starch suspension droplet and compare it to the behaviour of a known fluid droplet, an aqueous solution of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). The droplets placed in an immiscible fluid (silicon oil) are submitted to a simple shear flow using a counter rotating shear cell. The break-up conditions of a starch suspension droplet are studied in detail and compared to the HPMC solution droplet. The break-up mechanism of the suspension droplet is different from that of the HPMC solution droplet. The deformation of the suspension droplet was explained by the rheological behaviour of the suspension and the deformation of a single swollen starch granule submitted to shear
Cheviron, Perrine. "Nanostructuration de films nanocomposites amidon / argent et amidon / argent / montmorillonites par procédé de « chimie verte » : influence des voies de génération des nanoparticules métalliques sur la structure et les propriétés de transport." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10047/document.
Full textThe present work reports a strategy involving the preparation of silver nanoparticles in a biodegradable polymer stemming from either an ex situ or an in situ method, using in both cases a completely green chemistry process. The influence of the reducing agent concentration and the silver nanoparticles generation route is investigated on the structure, the morphology and the properties of the nanocomposite films. In both routes, silver nanoparticles with a diameter below 30 nm were highlighted in the nanocomposite films. For all nanocomposite films, no modification on the crystalline structure of the starch matrix is observed in the presence of silver. The in situ generation route allowed to obtain the smallest silver nanoparticles with a diameter below 10 nm. Crystalline silver nanoparticles were obtained only from the in situ generation route at the temperature of 85°C. The introduction of montmorillonites in both generation routes was also studied. The decrease of the water sorption and the improvement of water and oxygen barrier properties were found to be not dependent on the reducing agent concentration but mainly on the presence of the crystalline structure of the silver nanoparticles. Thus, significant enhancement of the barrier properties were finally obtained for the in situ nanocomposite films thanks to an efficient interaction between the crystalline silver nanoparticles and the starch matrix
Tessier, Romain. "Elaboration de nanocomposites à matrice polypropylène greffé amidon renforcée de montmorillonite pour application automobile." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10160/document.
Full textStarch-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-starch) / organoclay nanocomposites were melt-compounded by co-rotating twin-screw extrusion. Homopolymer or copolymer-based polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) with different molecular weights and different maleic anhydride (MA) grafting levels was added at different weight contents as compatibilizer. Two organo-modified montmorillonites were used, the first one containing polar functional groups having affinity with the starch phase, and the other one containing non polar-groups having affinity with the PP phase of the polymer matrix. The best miscibility of PP-g-starch/PP-g-MA blends was observed for low content (5wt%) of the ethylene-propylene copolymer-based PP-g-MA, which combines the lowest molecular weight and the highest MA-grafting level (1,4 wt%), and has a rheological behaviour close to that of PP-g-starch. Optimisation of mechanical properties (rigidity and strength increase without significant loss of ductility) of the ternary hybrids was then achieved by two ways: (i) by using the non polar montmorillonite, compatibilization being not essential in that case; (ii) by using the polar montmorillonite, which requires a compatibilization between the PP phase of the matrix and the starch organomodifier with a sufficiently MA-grafted polyogefin-g-MA (maleation of the polyolefin > 0,3wt%) whose viscosity at the processing temperature is close to that of the PP-g-starch matrix
Khallou, Jamila. "Biodynamique du cholestérol chez le hamster lithiasique : influence d'un amidon de maïs riche en amylose." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112176.
Full textBy using an isotopic equilibrium method, the rates of cholesterol turnover processes, i. E. Dietary cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol excretion in the faeces and urine, and bile acid synthesis, were determined in hamsters ingesting a control diet (T) or a lithogenic diet (L). Dietary cholesterol absorption was reduced by 30 %, cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol fecal excretion were twice higher in the L group than in the T group. The increase of cholesterogenesis in lithiasic animals took place essentially in the liver. Bile acids biosynthesis did not differ in the two groups, but represented only 35 % of cholesterol output in L group versus 52 % in the T group. The lithogenic diet prevented the acidic transformation of cholesterol. The specific activity of cholesterol at the isotopic equilibrium were of the same order in the liver, plasma, bile, and gallstones. This suggests that the novo hepatic synthesised cholesterol were rapidely mixed with plasma cholesterol before biliary secretion. The replacement of sucrose in the lithogenic diet by an amylomaize starch, autoclaved (E group) prevented gallstones formation and reduced by 54 % plasma cholesterol mainly in the HDL. In the E group compared with L group, bile acid biosynthesis and pool were doubled but the HMG-coA reductase activity was not modified. This starch stimulates the acidic transformation of cholesterol input which become similar to that of control hamster. The concentration and the secretion of bile acids. Lnto the bile were enhanced whereas those of biliary cholesterol were diminished. Thus, the lithogenic index strongly decreased. This starch strongly reduced microbial degradation of bile acids. An autoclaved amylomaize starch is, thus able to desaturate the bile, to lower the level of plasma cholesterol and to reduce microbial effects
Chochois, Vincent. "Implication des réserves carbonées dans le photoproduction d'hydrogène chez l'algue verte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22074.pdf.
Full textThe unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is able to produce hydrogen, using water as an electron donor, and sunlight as an energy source. Although this property offers interesting biotechnological perspectives, a major limitation is related to the sensitivity of hydrogenase to oxygen which is produced by photosynthesis. It had been previously shown that in conditions of sulfur deprivation, C. Reinhardtii is able to produce hydrogen during several days (Melis et an. 2000). During this process, two pathways, one direct depending on photosystem II (PSII) activity and the other involving only the PSI, are involved, starch reserves being supposed to play a role in both of these pathways. The purpose of this phD thesis was to elucidate the mechanisms linking starch catabolism to the hydrogen photoproduction process. Firstly, the analysis of mutants affected in starch biosynthesis (sta6 and sta7) showed that if starch reserves are essential to the functioning of the indirect pathway, they are not involved in the direct one. Secondly, in order to identify metabolic steps and regulatory processes involved in starch breakdown, we developed a genetic approach based on the search of mutants affected in starch reserves mobilization. Eight mutant (std1 to std8) diversely affected in their ability to degrade starch after an accumulation phase have been isolated from an insertional mutant library of 15,000 clones. One of these mutants, std1, is affected in a kinase related to the DYRK family (dual‐specificity tyrosine regulated serine threonine kinase). Although the targets of this putative kinase remain to be identified, the analysis of the granulebound proteome displayed profound alterations in the expression profile of starch phosphorylases, potentially involved in starch breakdown. STD1 represents the first starch catabolism regulator identified to date in plants
Aouay, Mohamed. "Amélioration des performances des plastiques biodégradables via l'intégration de nanoparticules biosourcées dans le PLLA et les mélanges PBAT/amidon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI026.
Full textThis thesis was set in a sustainable development context and aimed at improving the properties of biodegradable polymers, focusing on the use of PLLA and PBAT as promising alternatives to traditional polymers, particularly in the short-term packaging sectors. The first part of this work addressed the limitations associated with PLLA, such as its slow crystallization and limited crystallinity. The adopted approach involved incorporating biobased nanoparticles (NPs) like cellulose and chitin nanocrystals as nucleating agents to formulate PLLA-PEG-NP nanocomposites. The results revealed a significant increase in the crystallization rate and the degree of crystallinity of PLLA, with the nucleation efficiency varying with the specific surface properties of the NPs. The second part focused on optimizing the dispersion of amino-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-Am) in PEG-plasticized PLLA. The incorporation of CNC-Am substantially increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus of PLLA, reaching optimum performance at a 2 wt% NCC concentration. The final section dealt with the enhancement of PBAT/thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends by incorporating lignocellulosic nanofibrils (CNF-L), thereby overcoming the constraints related to the low fraction of TPS and moisture sensitivity. The water resistance and mechanical properties of the blends incorporating CNF-L were notably increased, providing a sustainable option for various applications of these polymers. This thesis highlighted the significant potential of these strategies to improve the performance of biodegradable polymers, opening new avenues for the advancement of environmentally-friendly materials
Khandal, Dhriti. "Traitement sous rayonnement ionisant de mélanges amidon-lignine et de leurs modèles : étude et quantification des modifications induites." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS021/document.
Full textThis work was part of the LignoStarch ANR CP2D Project aimed at understanding the radiation-induced processes and mechanisms in thermoplastic starch – lignin mixture at the molecular level. Starch has the advantage of being biodegradable and agriculture based renewable resource that can be converted into a thermoplastic material with or without any additive. Lignin and its derivatives are good candidates for reducing the water sensitivity of starch based materials; however being hydrophobic in nature they are not compatible with the polysaccharides. Electron Beam radiation has been proposed as an efficient method for modifying the starch lignin blends and creating covalent linkages between the two constituents for improved blend stability. Previous studies as part of the Project have shown that the mechanical properties of the irradiated blends can be positively modified by choosing an appropriate blend composition. For a better understanding of how the properties of the blend can be tailored, an understanding of the radiation-induced processes was carried out using model blends comprising maltodextrin and different aromatic compounds having structural features of lignin monomers. The blends were analyzed using SEC, NMR, and MALDI-TOF for placing in evidence the phenomenon of radiation-induced grafting to compete with chain scission in presence of the aromatic additives. The quantification of the radiochemical yields of scission G(s) and crosslinking G(x) were carried out using the blends of pullulan polysaccharide as a function of varying amounts of aromatic additive in the blend. The methods of calculation exploited here are based on the study of radiation-induced molecular mass changes before the formation of gel as proposed by Saito and the quantification of sol-gel content for formulations resulting in gel as proposed by the Charlesby-Pinner method. The condition of gel formation G(s) < 4 G(x) is found to be valid for a certain minimum quantity of aromatic additive for high applied doses.Keywords: Starch, Lignin, Maltodextrin, Pullulan, Lignin-like Monomers (Aromatic Additives), Scission, Crosslinking, Grafting, Electron Beam, Radiochemical yields of Scission G(s) and Crosslinking G(x), Saito Method, Charlesby-Pinner Method
Offner, Anne. "Modélisation systémique de la digestion dans le rumen : comparaison des modèles existants, modélisation des flux d'amidon, approche thermodynamique des fermentations." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000448.
Full textImberty, Anne. "Nouvelles données sur la structure et le polymorphisme des grains d'amidon." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10029.
Full textSchwach, Emmanuelle. "Etude de systèmes multiphases biodégradables à base d'amidon de blé plastifié : relations structure-propriétés, approches de la compatibilisation : thèse pour le doctorat en sciences, spécialité Chimie des Matériaux." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000112.pdf.
Full textPrevious approaches had shown different levels of compatibility between phases for plasticized wheat starch / biodegradable polyester blends. The aim of the present study, which carries on these former works, is to understand and to forecast the existing phenomena, and then to bring solutions. In the first part, this thesis consists of studying the interfacial compatibility of these systems through their interfacial, mechanical, rheological and structural properties, as well as establishing different structure-properties relationships. The limits of the associations of plasticized starch with biodegradable polyester without compatibilisation agent being known, the second part of this work is then turned towards the incorporation of compatibilising agents thanks to two different approaches : in-situ compatibilisation and compatibilisation by addition of an amphiphilic grafted copolymer : amylose-g-PLA
Verheyde, Isabelle. "L'hydroxyethylamidon peut-il remplacer la serumalbumine dans le priming de la circulation extra-corporelle ?" Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M091.
Full textGayral, Mathieu. "Bases moléculaires et physico-chimiques de la vitrosité du maïs." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2107.
Full textMaize endosperm vitreousness, a major factor of this value, is specified by vitreous endosperm amount. Vitreousness is determined by the starch/protein matrix compactness but the molecular and physicochemical mechanisms that underlie this property remain largely unknown. In this context, we analyzed the spatiotemporal mechanisms deployed during endosperm development, and their impacts on the starch/protein matrix compactness. Ours results revealed the establishment of a compositional gradient within the endosperm. Indeed, we observed a continuous decrease of protein, amylose and the embed starch lipids starting from the periphery to the center of the grain. These compositional discrepancies are associated with structural modifications affecting particularly starch granules. Moreover, molecular mechanisms analyses during endosperm development revealed lipid homeostasis modifications likely associated with compositional gradients. These modifications paralleled the observed differences developmental stress management during endosperm development. Indeed, ours results revealed differences in stress management depending on whether the endosperm is vitreous or floury. These stresses are mainly related to massive reserve accumulation and hypoxic conditions during endosperm development, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and energetic metabolism modifications. These results show the extent to which the maize endosperm vitreous development complexity
Tawil, Georges. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes physico-chimiques impliqués lors de l'hydrolyse enzymatique de l'amidon natif." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2003.
Full textThe main purpose of this study was to elucidate the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in enzymatic hydrolysis of concentrated raw starch. Two new α-amylases from Rhizomucor sp. (RA) and Anoxybacillus flavothermus (AFA) optimized for bioethanol and low temperature glucose syrup production respectively, were studied in detail. Their mode of action was determined by monitoring the change in the starch structure during hydrolysis and also from the kinetics curves in different conditions. The limiting factors for incomplete hydrolysis were also determined. RA and AFA hydrolyze very efficiently concentrated suspensions of native starch (31%). RA has a remarkable ability to degrade preferentially the crystalline domains in maize starch, while AFA is characterized by a very high initial velocity. Final hydrolysis rate is dependent on starch concentration for RA, while the action of AFA is more limited by its rapid loss of activity. On contrary to AFA which releases a broad range of oligomers, RA yields only glucose. This behaviour makes it well suited to bioethanol production. The decrease of the native A-type crystalline structure observed during the first stages of hydrolysis is in agreement with the large decrease of the amylopectin fraction. At the same time, the amylose-lipid complex present in maize starch is more resistant to hydrolysis and hydrolyzed in further stages releasing amylose fragments. Then, these fragments rearrange into very resistant Btype structure which prevent from a complete hydrolysis. The mechanisms involved in the hydrolysis of the different levels of structure present in the starch granule are discussed for these two original enzymes
Schwach, Emmanuelle Averous Luc. "Etude de systèmes multiphases biodégradables à base d'amidon de blé plastifié." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000112.pdf.
Full textGentès, Marie-Claude. "Compréhension du rôle structural d'exopolysacharides de bactéries lactiques dans des systèmes laitiers fermentés enrichis en amidon modifié." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28139/28139.pdf.
Full textIn Canada, modified starch addition in yoghurt is frequent in order to limit technological defects such as syneresis. Despite the addition of modified starch, technological defects still occur. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced naturally by some lactic acid bacteria can be used as stabilizers in yoghurt. Literature indicates that their properties to bind water and to modulate viscosity are not correlated to EPS concentration but to their structure and interactions with milk proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first work that has studied the effect of combined use of modified starch and EPS in yoghurt. The aim of this work was to study the structure-function relationship of EPS produced in situ by lactic acid bacteria on the rheological/physical properties (gel formation, viscosity, firmness, stiffness) and the microstructure of fermented dairy systems with modified starch. Four starters composed of one strain of Streptococcus thermophilus and one strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and producing EPS with known structure were studied: HC15/210R (control), HC15/291 (neutral, stiff, few branched EPS), HC15/702074 (neutral, flexible, highly branched EPS) and 2104/210R (anionic, stiff, linear, EPS). A final pH of 4.6 was obtained after a fermentation of 180-210 minutes à 42 C for all starters. The gel formation process was not influenced by the presence of EPS. The comparison of several EPS of known structure has shown that the anionic EPS from 2104/210R starter improved firmness and viscosity. Neutral, stiff and few branched EPS from HC15/291 starter contributed to viscosity and limited syneresis comparatively to the neutral, flexible and highly branched EPS from HC15/702074 starter. Although the smoothing process had a negative impact on the values of all rheological/physical properties of fermented dairy systems, the functionality of EPS remained. The addition of modified starch improved the rheological/physical properties of stirred fermented dairy systems but had no effect on set fermented dairy systems. To conclude, this work has shown that the rheological/physical properties of fermented dairy systems may be improved by the combination of modified starch and EPS with specific structural characteristics.
Gentès, Marie-Claude. "Compréhension du rôle structural d'exopolysaccharides de bactéries lactiques dans des systèmes laitiers fermentés enrichis en amidon modifié." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22500.
Full textIn Canada, modified starch addition in yoghurt is frequent in order to limit technological defects such as syneresis. Despite the addition of modified starch, technological defects still occur. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced naturally by some lactic acid bacteria can be used as stabilizers in yoghurt. Literature indicates that their properties to bind water and to modulate viscosity are not correlated to EPS concentration but to their structure and interactions with milk proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first work that has studied the effect of combined use of modified starch and EPS in yoghurt. The aim of this work was to study the structure-function relationship of EPS produced in situ by lactic acid bacteria on the rheological/physical properties (gel formation, viscosity, firmness, stiffness) and the microstructure of fermented dairy systems with modified starch. Four starters composed of one strain of Streptococcus thermophilus and one strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and producing EPS with known structure were studied: HC15/210R (control), HC15/291 (neutral, stiff, few branched EPS), HC15/702074 (neutral, flexible, highly branched EPS) and 2104/210R (anionic, stiff, linear, EPS). A final pH of 4.6 was obtained after a fermentation of 180-210 minutes à 42 C for all starters. The gel formation process was not influenced by the presence of EPS. The comparison of several EPS of known structure has shown that the anionic EPS from 2104/210R starter improved firmness and viscosity. Neutral, stiff and few branched EPS from HC15/291 starter contributed to viscosity and limited syneresis comparatively to the neutral, flexible and highly branched EPS from HC15/702074 starter. Although the smoothing process had a negative impact on the values of all rheological/physical properties of fermented dairy systems, the functionality of EPS remained. The addition of modified starch improved the rheological/physical properties of stirred fermented dairy systems but had no effect on set fermented dairy systems. To conclude, this work has shown that the rheological/physical properties of fermented dairy systems may be improved by the combination of modified starch and EPS with specific structural characteristics.
Thaburet, Jean-François. "Oxydation d'hydrolysats d'amidon." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES053.
Full textBrouillet, Fabien. "Contribution au développement de matrices hydrophiles à base de carboxyméthylamidon sodique à haute teneur en amylose : élaboration et évaluation des performances fonctionnelles." Thèse, Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13519.
Full textNacitas, Joselle. "Composition du fruit à pain récolté sur un territoire contrasté : Structure, propriétés et aptitudes technologiques de son amidon." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0517/document.
Full textThe results of this study the composition of breadfruit harvested in an area of agro climatic soil contrasting views, and its starch, show that the starch content of breadfruit appears to be influenced by season, but not by collection area. The starch content is much higher for breadfruit developed during the driest season is a very original result. Knowledge of the development cycle of breadfruit in Martinique has been described for the first time, to determine an optimal harvest period compared to flower: the 16th week for maximum growth, or the 17th week for a higher starch content. The study by Worrell et al., (1998), the only currently published, conducted in Barbados, showed a longer cycle of about 2 weeks.From the perspective of genetic diversity, breadfruit harvested in Martinique as a single group, in contrast to those collected in Guadeloupe that are close to two subgroups.With regard to starch, our results show that the size of starch granules of mature fruits are between 9 and 12 microns. Their size increases with the growth of the fruit as an immature fruit in their mean diameter was 7.5 microns. This is B-type starches with very high crystallinity, with temperatures of gelatinization are around 75 °C. Agro climatic soil factors, humidity took an active role on the quality of starch, since both the amount of amylose and amylopectin molecular weight of the decline. The starch has a solubility and low swelling of the same order of magnitude as the conventional starches and high viscosity to gelatinization and retrogradation, giving it a suitability for use as a gelling agent.Testing of food applications were made in bakery and extrusion. Changes in products like crackers gave moderately satisfactory results with 100 % breadfruit flour. Incorporation into bread flour breadfruit has deleterious actions on the baking. The acceptability of a taste "nature green" conferred by the breadfruit flour will be particularly assessed in future work.Product development based breadfruit allow several things, which meet the growing demand for food diversification
NAJIH-DARBOIS, ODILE. "Etude de la production de levures schwanniomyces castellii et kluyveromyces fragilis en presence de bi-substrat amidon/lactose." Montpellier, ENSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENSA0016.
Full textMOLIS, CHRISTINE. "Digestibilite des hydrates de carbone chez l'homme et effets des traitements technologiques sur la digestibilite d'un amidon de mais chez 6 volontaires sains." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT058M.
Full textPéron, Alexandre. "Effets des caractères physiques du blé (Triticum aestivum) sur la digestion chez le poulet." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S032.
Full textHamdi-Degobert, Ghania. "Preparation et caracterisation des microspheres d'amidon reticule destinees a l'administration pulmonaire (doctorat : pharmacotechnie et biopharmacie)." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114818.
Full textGuermonprez, Alice Marie Marguerite. "Etude de l'effet de l'origine botanique de l'amidon sur sa digestibilité antécaecale chez le cheval : mise en place d'une méthode de référence in sacco." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0034.
Full textStarch from cereals is the main source used to meet energetic requirements for performance horses. A part of this study was designed to adapt the mobile nylon bag technique, in cecal fistulated horses, in order to measure prececal starch digestion. This in sacco method allowed to demonstrate that the botanical origin of starch is a major factor interfering on the extent of prececal starch digestibility. Depending on the starch source, the prececal starch digestibility varies from 36 % to 99 %. Our data, obtained on different raw materials, could be used to include the digestible-starch-in-the-prececal-tract as a parameter in horse feeding programs. Another part of this work was set to get more information on the digestive mechanisms involved in starch digestion in horses. The study of biotic and abiotic factors related to carbohydrate digestion in the different compartments of the alimentary canal highlighted a microbial ecosystem in the stomach and the small intestine. The simultaneous observation of amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria in high concentrations, of volatile fatty acids and lactate synthesis and of a starch disappearance over 60 %, indicate that a part of ingested starch is degraded by stomach microorganisms. The energetic yield of starch is directly related to the type of digestion: biochemical or biological. More research are needed on the function of the stomach ecosystem, and on the partitioning of prececal starch digestion, to optimize the energetic utilization of dietary starch
Arvisenet, Gaëlle. "Influence des interactions physico-chimiques entre amidons et composés d'arôme sur la libération des arômes et les propriétés rhéologiques dans des matrices aqueuses complexes." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS058.
Full textAYDI, BENNANI SOUAD IDRISSI. "Capsules dures d'amidon capill : caracteristique, faisabilite industrielle, formulation de medicaments essentiels." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL20693.
Full textGrimaud, Florent. "Protéomique de l'amyloplaste et de grains d'amidons de maïs normal et mutants." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2125.
Full textStarch is a major polymer reserve whose structural properties are closely related to the proteins involved in its synthesis. In the last decade, advances in genomics have contributed to the identification of the major actors involved in starch metabolism. However, although it is subject to numerous studies, there is currently any integrated model unanimously recognize. The objective of the present work was to increase our knowledge about the starch biosynthesis and the factors involved in its modulation. In this study, multidisciplinary approaches have been used to analyze the proteome of amyloplasts and starch granules during development in maize endosperm, and to study the proteome and ultrastructure of starch granule in wild type and mutant plants. The proteomic characterization has conducted to the identification of several proteins of the starch metabolism (SSIIc, SSIII, BEI, BEIIa, ZPU1, starch phosphorylase and α-glucosidase) that have not been previously detected in starch granule. The comparison of the starch granule proteomes of the different mutants has shown modifications suggesting the possibility that the protein located in the granule are regulated by protein-protein interaction. Isoforms involved in starch synthesis were also distinguished by isoelectric point (pI), and molecular weight isoforms and relative abundance during endosperm development. Analysis of the granule phosphoproteome and glycoproteome indicated that some enzyme are modified at the post translational level as they occur in the granule. These post-translational modifications could play an important role in protein-protein interactions, in the modulation of enzyme activity and the formation of the starch granule. Finally, the structural characterization of the starch granule of wild type and mutant plants at different scales (granule, crystallites, macromolecules) has led to the establishment of correlation between the modification of the proteomes and the structural proprieties of the starch granule
Ayala, Garay Oscar Javler. "Etude écophysiologique de deux cultivars de cerfeuil tubéreux, Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. : accumulation d'amidon dans les tubercules et impact des modes de conservation sur l'hydrolyse de l'amidon." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NSARC065.
Full textBrouillet, Fabien. "Contribution au développement de matrices hydrophiles à base de carboxyméthylamidon sodique à haute teneur en amylose : élaboration et évaluation des performances." Thèse, Montpellier 1, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6648.
Full textBrouillet-Fourmann, Stéphanie. "Interactions eau-amidon dans la semoule de maïs : influence sur la mise en oeuvre par extrusion pour les applications en emballages." Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET4005.
Full textThe processing of plastics from vegetable materials leads to limit the environmental problems caused by waste incineration. To process a totally biodegradable thermoplastic at a low cost is possible provided that 2 criteria are fulfilled : a low-cost raw material must be chosen, for example the corn flour (essentially composed of starch). . . [etc. ]
Crépy, Lucie. "Conception et mise en forme de nouveaux matériaux à partir de macromolécules naturelles." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0403/document.
Full textThis study deals with the synthesis of a natural-polysaccharide-based-material. First of all, we focused on the synthesis of fatty cellulose esters in a homogeneous media, with different fatty chains and various degrees of substitution. Chemical, thermal, mechanical and structural analyses of these products revealed the influence of the grafted fatty chain length (from C8 to C18) on these properties. Moreover, a structural model was purposed for the acylated cellulosic chains, in which these chains seem to be organized in a layered type structure, and where the fatty substituents are fully extended perpendicular to the cellulosic skeleton, and without interdigitated.Then, one of these cellulosic films was studied in order to be used in a medical application. A cellulose laurate film with high degree of substitution was chosen. Biological tests such as cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity were performed on this material from different type of cells. The results of the in-vitro tests conclude to the non-toxicity of this bio-based film. These results are promising for their application of as biomaterial.Finally, the synthesis of polysaccharide derivatives was performed in order to find alternatives to petrochemical derivatives compounds, used as superplasticizers in concrete formulation. Three native or chemically-modified polysaccharides were tested: cellulose and starch. First results indicate that starch sulfonate derivatives seem to be promising candidates to the substitution of such petrochemicals additives
Basiak, Ewelina. "Study of the chemical, physical and functional properties of edible starch-based films." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS018/document.
Full textThe amount of waste increased annually, mainly from plastic industry. Plastic materials were more produced during the only last ten years than during the last millennium. A potential solution of the ecological and economic problems can be biodegradable or edible films and coatings. The goal of this thesis was to study edible films and coatings based on starch. Fifteen types of film-forming solutions were made: 3 types of starch, starch + different amounts of plasticizer, starch + proteins, starch + oil. To better understanding the interaction between film components, physical, chemical and functional tests were done. Finnaly, validation on real foods (plums) as coatings and films helped to improved edible barrier films for fruit and vegetable preservation.Preliminary physico-chemical studies of corn, potato and wheat starch film properties allowed choosing the wheat starch-based films further experiments. Then, a 50% amount of plasticizer related to dry biopolymer weight was selected aiming to obtain films being not too rigid, that did not break and without blooming. To prove the barrier moisture efficacy, rapeseed oil was added as multilayers films. Microstructure observations displayed that oil was dispersed as droplets instead of layer, thus emulsion-based films were obtained instead of multilayer starch-oil-starch films. Various ratios of starch/protein were assessed to improve functional properties of films. The more the protein content was, the better the barrier efficiency against water vapour, oxygen or aroma were. Indeed, higher protein content films were more dense and homogeneous. From these data obtained on films, and the better understanding how composition and structure affect film performances, several recipes were tested as coatings or films for wrapping fresh plums. Thermographic analysis was used to study the plums behavior during storage, and starch coating was efficient to delay fruit degradation
Z każdym rokiem wzrasta liczba produkowanych odpadów, w szczególmości tych z plastiku. W ciągu pierwszych dziesięciu lat wyprodukowano więcej tworzyw sztucznych niż w przeciągu całego ubiegłego tysiąclecia. Rozwiązaniem tych ekologicznych i ekonomicznych problemów mogą okazać się filmy i powłoki do żywności. Celem tej pracy były studia nad jadalnymi filmami i powłokami na bazie skrobi. Piętnaście rodzajów roztworów powłokotwórczych zostało wytworzonych: z 3 typów skrobi, skrobia + różne stężenia plastyfikatora, skrobia + białka, skrobia + olej. W celu lepszego zrozumienia interakcji pomiędzy komponentami filmu właściwości fizyczne, chemiczne i funkcjonalne zostały zmierzone. W ostatnim etapie walidacja na prawdziwej żywności (powlekanie i pakowanie śliwek) pomogła w udowodnieniu istnienia właściwości barierowych owoców i warzyw podczas przechowywania.Próbne testy fizyko-chemiczne skrobi kukurydzianej, ziemniaczanej i pszenicznej pomogły w wyborze skrobi otrzymywanej z pszenicy do dalszych badań. Następnie wybrano zawartość plastyfikatora. 50% glicerolu względem suchej masy substancji powłokotwórczej nie powodowało twardości i pękania filmów ani też tzw. efektu kwitnienia (intensywnie żółty/ pomarańczowy kolor filmów). W celu poprawy właściwości barierowych olej rzepakowy został dodany. Zdjęcia mikroskopowe obrazują zawieszone krople oleju w matrycy jako emulsja zamiast dodatkowej warstwy, której oczekiwano. Do skrobi zostały dodane również białka serwatkowe w kilku proporcjach. Im więcej białek jest w stosunku procentowym skrobia/proteiny tyym lepsze są właściwości barierowe dla pary wodnej, tlenu i aromatów. Dodatkowo filmy zawierające więcej protein w stosunku procentowym są bardziej gęste i jednolite. Uzyskane informacje pozwoliły na lepsze zrozumienie wpływu kompozycji i struktury filmów i powłok na pakowanie świeżych śliwek. Analiza z użyciem kamery termowizyjnej pozwoliła na ocenę zmian w owocach podczas przechowywania, zaś powłoka skrobiowa efektywnie opóźniała procesy degradacyjne w owocach
Guigonis, Véronique. "Effets comparés sur la coagulation de l'albumine et d'un amidon de bas poids moléculaire en chirurgie prothétique de hanche." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA072105.
Full textPACHECO, DE DELAHAYE EMPERATRIZ. "Contribution de quatre souches bacteriennes isolees du rat holoxenique a la degradation d'un amidon d'amylomais chez le rat gnotoxenique." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077076.
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