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Academic literature on the topic 'Aminoglycosides Drug resistance in microorganisms'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aminoglycosides Drug resistance in microorganisms"
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Petca, Răzvan-Cosmin, Silvius Negoiță, Cristian Mareș, Aida Petca, Răzvan-Ionuț Popescu, and Călin Bogdan Chibelean. "Heterogeneity of Antibiotics Multidrug-Resistance Profile of Uropathogens in Romanian Population." Antibiotics 10, no. 5 (2021): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050523.
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity for both males and females. The overconsumption of antibiotics in general medicine, veterinary, or agriculture has led to a spike in drug-resistant microorganisms; obtaining standardized results is imposed by standard definitions for various categories of drug-resistant bacteria—such as multiple-drug resistant (MDR), extensive drug-resistant (XDR), and pan drug-resistant (PDR). This retrospective study conducted in three university teaching hospitals in Romania has analyzed urine probes from 15,231 patients, of which 698 (4.58%) presented multidrug-resistant strains. Escherichia coli was the leading uropathogen 283 (40.54%), presenting the highest resistance to quinolones (R = 72.08%) and penicillin (R = 66.78%) with the most important patterns of resistance for penicillin, sulfonamides, and quinolones (12.01%) and aminoglycosides, aztreonam, cephalosporins, and quinolones (9.89%). Klebsiella spp. followed—260 (37.24%) with the highest resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (R = 94.61%) and cephalosporins (R = 94.23%); the leading patterns were observed for aminoglycosides, aminopenicillins + β-lactams inhibitor, sulfonamides, and cephalosporins (12.69%) and aminoglycosides, aztreonam, cephalosporins, quinolones (9.23%). The insufficient research of MDR strains on the Romanian population is promoting these findings as an important tool for any clinician treating MDR-UTIs.
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Немченко, Ulyana Nemchenko, Григорова, et al. "analysis of phago- and antibiotic sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from women of reproductive age." Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, no. 5 (2016): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23414.
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Pelvic inflammatory diseases occupy a special place in the structure of general morbidity, and are polymicrobial in nature with dominance of opportunistic microorganisms, in particular bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.The aim was to study the composition of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age with pelvic inflammatory diseases, as well as to determine the sensitivity of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics and bacteriophages.The study included 70women of reproductive age, among them 37were diagnosed with colpitis and cervicitis, 33women in the comparison group (women screened for a diagnosis). Isolated microorganisms were identified by abdominoperineal methods, including the disk diffusion method to determine the sensitivity of microorganism cultures of Enterobacteriaceae family to antibiotics, and the method of crosses (evaluation of lytic activity of bacteriophages by the number of crosses) to determine the sensitivity to specific therapeutic bacteriophages.Vaginal biocenosis was characterized by deficit of lactobacilli (<106CFU/ml in 100%), the presence of conditionally pathogenic microflora: bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family, coccal flora and Candida fungi. From 60.0 to 89.3% of Enterobacteria strains were resistant to aminoglycosides and quinolones, but also had a low level of sensitivity to therapeutic bacteriophages.The obtained data indicate the reduction of colonization resistance of vaginal mucosa in pelvic inflammatory diseases and specify the need to use medicinal drugs only under medical supervision to prevent clinically significant drug resistance.
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CHARTERIS, WILLIAM P., PHILLIP M. KELLY, LORENZO MORELLI, and J. KEVIN COLLINS. "Effect of Conjugated Bile Salts on Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bile Salt–Tolerant Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Isolates." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 10 (2000): 1369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.10.1369.
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Virtually every antibiotic may cause in vivo alterations in the number, level, and composition of the indigenous microbiotae. The degree to which the microbiotae are disturbed depends on many factors. Although bile may augment antibiotic activity, studies on the effect of bile on the antibiotic susceptibility of indigenous and exogenous probiotic microorganisms are lacking. It was against this background that the antibiotic susceptibility of 37 bile salt–tolerant Lactobacillus and 11 Bifidobacterium isolates from human and other sources was determined in the presence of 0.5% wt/wt oxgall (conjugated bile salts). Oxgall did not affect the intrinsic resistance of lactobacilli to metronidazole (5 μg), vancomycin (30 μg), and cotrimoxazole (25 μg), whereas it resulted in a complete loss of resistance to polymyxin B (300 μg) and the aminoglycosides gentamicin (10 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), and streptomycin (10 μg) for most strains studied (P < 0.001). Oxgall did not affect the intrinsic resistance of bifidobacteria to metronidazole and vancomycin, whereas polymyxin B and co-trimoxazole resistance was diminished (P < 0.05) and aminoglycoside resistance was lost (P < 0.001). Seven lactobacilli, but no bifidobacteria strain, showed unaltered intrinsic antibiotic resistance profiles in the presence of oxgall. Oxgall affected the extrinsic susceptibility of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria to penicillin G (10 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), and rifampicin (5 μg) in a source- and strain-dependent manner. Human strain–drug combinations of lactobacilli (P < 0.05) and bifidobacteria (P < 0.01) were more likely to show no change or decreased susceptibility compared with other strain-drug combinations. The antimicrobial activity spectra of polymyxin B and the aminoglycosides should not be considered limited to gram-negative bacteria but extended to include gram-positive genera of the indigenous and transiting microbiotae in the presence of conjugated bile salts. Those lactobacilli (7 of 37) that show unaltered intrinsic and diminished extrinsic antibiotic susceptibility in the presence of oxgall may possess greater upper gastrointestinal tract transit tolerance in the presence of antibiotics.
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Souza, Teógenes, Maria Morais-Braga, José Costa, Antônio Saraiva, and Henrique Coutinho. "Enhancement of antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and antifungals by the use of natural products from Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) link." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 1 (2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1201043s.
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The ethanol extract and methanol fraction of Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) link were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal and modulatory activities against strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. The antimicrobial activity of the natural products was evaluated by the microdilution method associated or not with aminoglycosides and antifungals. The ethanol extract and methanol fraction of P. calomelanos showed good activity against S. aureus when associated with aminoglycosides and with benzoilmetronidazol against species of the genus Candida. These results indicate that P. calomelanos should be studied as a possible source of natural products to combat bacteria and fungi either directly or by modulating the mechanisms of resistance of these microorganisms, enhancing the antimicrobial activity of these drugs and combating microbial resistance.
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Golovko, A. M., N. G. Pinchuk, T. I. Fotina, and Zh E. Klishchova. "Determination of bactericidal properties of the drug “Saroflox” in relation to museum test cultures of microorganisms." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 95 (2019): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9516.
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Everyone knows that test cultures are used to control and quality the growth properties of nutrient media, to check the activity of antiseptics and disinfectants, as well as to assess the adequacy of the sensitivity of the tested microorganisms to new antibacterial drugs, which are currently produced by rapid temp. with the development of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to most of the active substances used in new drugs. Moreover, it is the understanding that most antibiotics are clinically useless in treating infectious diseases because of their long-term use for chemotherapy purposes – a major problem not only in Ukraine but worldwide. In this article the results of researches sensitivity museum strains, namely: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (F-50), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 2853 (F), Proteus vulgaris HX 19 number 222, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterobacter aerogenes 10006, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 to the antibacterial drug “Saroflox”. We find that Saroflox inhibited the growth of all test cultures at different dilution rates. Using different concentrations of the antibiotic (2.5 mg, 1.25 mg, 0.625 mg, 0.3125 mg, 0.1562/200 μl), it was found that all test cultures under study were highly sensitive to Saroflox. most from 38.0 ± 1.0 to 20.0 ± 1.0 mm. The results of studies show that the new antibacterial drug “Saroflox” has bactericidal properties to most cultures that cause bacterial diseases of various species of animals and birds, which only confirms its effectiveness against gram-negative microorganisms (Enterobacter spp. , Staphylococcus aureus E. coli and others) including beta-lactam antibiotic resistant, tetracyclines, macrolides and aminoglycosides.
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García-Méndez, Jorge, Erika M. Carrillo-Casas, Andrea Rangel-Cordero, et al. "Nocardia transvalensisDisseminated Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3818969.
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Nocardia transvalensiscomplex includes a wide range of microorganisms with specific antimicrobial resistance patterns. N. transvalensisis an unusualNocardiaspecies. However, it must be differentiated due to its natural resistance to aminoglycosides while otherNocardiaspecies are susceptible. The present report describes aNocardiaspecies involved in an uncommon clinical case of a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and pulmonary nocardiosis. Microbiological and molecular techniques based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene allowed diagnosis ofNocardia transvalensissensu stricto. The successful treatment was based on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other drugs. We conclude that molecular identification ofNocardiaspecies is a valuable technique to guide good treatment and prognosis and recommend its use for daily bases diagnosis.
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V. A., Mochonyi, Savchenko O. A., Podsevakhina S. L., and Tkachenko O. V. "PROBLEMS OF THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA." Modern medical technologies 42, no. 3 (2019): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34287/mmt.3(42).2019.15.
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Pseudomonas infection is one of the most problematic pathogens of pneumonia, because it has natural resistance to many antibiotics, is able to quickly form acquired resistance, often causes severe pneumonia with a poor prognosis. Analysis of the literature data showed that today P. Aeruginosa demonstrates resistance to all anti-pest control antibiotics, with the exception of polymyxin. The levels of resistance of P.Aeruginosa are very considerably depending on the region of the survey and the profile of the hospital, which requires monitoring the sensitivity of microorganisms in each department of the hospital. The data on the degree of resistance to P. Aeruginosa antibiotics in Ukraine are limited, but available local studies on this issue also show a high level of resistance of this microorganism to the main anti-pest antibiotics. In patients with pneumonia and risk factors for the involvement of Pseudomonas infection, most authors recommend combination antibiotic therapy, which has a synergistic effect on P. Aeruginosa, which allows, in most cases, to overcome the resistance of this microorganism. According to the literature, such synergism has been proven for the combination: beta-lactams (ceftazidime, cefepime, antipseudomonas carbapenems) + aminoglycosides (amikacin) or fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin). The use of these drugs in the maximum allowable dose allows a higher degree of probability to achieve the eradication of P. Aeruginosa in patients with pneumonia and to improve the prognosis for this disease. Keywords: pneumonia, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, resistance, treatment.
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Pkhakadze, Tamara Yakovlevna, G. G. Okropiridze, E. S. Malysheva, T. Ya Pkhakadze, G. G. Okropiridze, and E. S. Malysheva. "Choice of Antibacterial Agents for Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Complications in Traumatologic and Orthopaedic Patients by Microbiologic Monitoring." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 16, no. 4 (2009): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto200916473-78.
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Etiologic structure of infectious complications in traumatologic and orthopaedic patients has been studied at CITO named after N.N. Priorov during the period from 2005 to 2007. Using modern agents and techniques 6799 samples from 3023 patients were studied. Resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to the wide spectrum of antibiotics including the drugs of last gene-ration was studied. Basing on the study results the protocols for the application of modern antibiotics including protected aminopeptides, cephalosporins of third-forth generation including the protected ones, glycopeptides, oxazolidinones, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, carbape-nemones have been elaborated and introduced into clinical practice.
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Ahsan, ASM Areef, Lovely Barai, Mohammad Omar Faruq, et al. "Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among Bacteria causing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in An Intensive Care Unit of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Critical Care Journal 4, no. 2 (2016): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v4i2.30019.
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Background : Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common type of nosocomial infection in critical care practice with high morbidity and mortality. Microorganisms responsible for VAP vary from place to place. So, identification of causative organism and knowledge of their resistance pattern is very important for empirical choice of antibiotic in managing VAP. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates to determine the microorganisms responsible for VAP and to study their antibiotic resistance pattern.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed over a period of six month starting from November, 2015 to April, 2016 in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of BIRDEM General Hospital. Patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of VAP were included in this study.Result: A total of 51 patients with a clinical diagnosis of VAP were included in this study. Growth was obtained in100% of the samples yielding 88 organisms. Gram-negative organisms were the mostly isolated organism (76.13%), followed by fungi (17.04%) and gram-positive cocci (6.81%). The most common pathogen was Acinetobacter sp. followed by Klebsiella sp., Candida sp. and Pseudomonas sp. respectively. Among the gram negative organisms, Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were highly resistant (>80%) to third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Resistance to aminoglycosides (>68%) and imipenem (>60%) was also high. Resistance of Pseudomonas sp. to piperacillin-tazobactum was lower (18.2%) in comparison to Acinetobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp. All the Gram-negative organisms were 100% sensitive to colistin except proteus. Regarding gram-positive cocci,Staphylococcus aureus is 100% sensitive to netilmycin and vancomycin with variable resistance pattern to other antibiotics.Conclusion: Emergence of drug resistance against the microorganism causing VAP is a serious concern in most of the ICUs. A knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility pattern will avoid its irrational use in order to control the spread of infection and for proper management of VAP.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 69-73
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AL-Khikani, Falah Hasan. "Antimicrobial Resistance Profile Among Major Bacterial Pathogens in Southern Babil, Iraq." Galician Medical Journal 27, no. 3 (2020): E202036. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2020.3.6.
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Background: At present, drug-resistant pathogens are considered one of the major increasing causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. The data on microorganisms' resistance assist define the best available treatment for patients. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the antimicrobial-resistant profile of different drugs in major clinical pathogens of urine, ear and wound infections.
 Methods: This study was conducted in Al-Shomali General Hospital, Southern Babil, Iraq from October 2019 to May 2020. Totally 67 clinical specimens obtained from the wound, urine, and ear discharge collected from hospitalized patients as well as 30 healthy individuals participate in this study. Then, the standard microbiological methods carried outperformed to the isolated and identified bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using different antimicrobial discs by applying the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.
 Results: Totally, 67 bacterial isolates were obtained from 44 (66%) female and 23 (34%) male patients. Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were the most common predominant organisms. All isolates were showed a high rate of resistance to evaluated cephalosporins 100% and 87% to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone respectively, while very low resistance recorded in Aminoglycosides 22% and 12% to Gentamicin and amikacin, respectively.
 Conclusion: These results suggest a constant screening for the detection of antibiotic resistance, as well as developing antimicrobial stewardship programs in Babil, Iraq. Moreover, these bacterial isolates have shown multidrug resistance, mainly to commonly administered drugs that could cause therapy ineffective. Therefore, in clinical use, appropriate treatment should be chosen based on the results obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.