Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aminotransferases. Transaminases

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Academic literature on the topic 'Aminotransferases. Transaminases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Aminotransferases. Transaminases"

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Compagnone, D., G. Federici, R. Massoud, L. Santoro, M. Anichini, and G. Palleschi. "Analysis for Transaminases in Serum with an Amperometric Glutamate Electrode." Clinical Chemistry 38, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.11.2306.

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Abstract We determined transaminases in human blood serum with an amperometric glutamate biosensor. The probe was a hydrogen peroxide sensor assembled with appropriate selective membranes to enhance the probe specificity and lifetime. Calibration curves of glutamate were linear in the range 1-1000 mumol/L, with a response time of < 1 min. This probe was subsequently applied to the measurement of activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in human sera. Analytical recovery studies demonstrated the suitability of the glutamate sensor by measuring 91-99% of added glutamate, 92-106% of added aspartate aminotransferase, and 101-105% of added alanine aminotransferase. Transaminase activity measured in 80 sera correlated well with results obtained with a spectrophotometric procedure.
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Donini, Stefano, Manuela Ferrari, Chiara Fedeli, Marco Faini, Ilaria Lamberto, Ada Serena Marletta, Lara Mellini, et al. "Recombinant production of eight human cytosolic aminotransferases and assessment of their potential involvement in glyoxylate metabolism." Biochemical Journal 422, no. 2 (August 13, 2009): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20090748.

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PH1 (primary hyperoxaluria type 1) is a severe inborn disorder of glyoxylate metabolism caused by a functional deficiency of the peroxisomal enzyme AGXT (alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase), which converts glyoxylate into glycine using L-alanine as the amino-group donor. Even though pre-genomic studies indicate that other human transaminases can convert glyoxylate into glycine, in PH1 patients these enzymes are apparently unable to compensate for the lack of AGXT, perhaps due to their limited levels of expression, their localization in an inappropriate cell compartment or the scarcity of the required amino-group donor. In the present paper, we describe the cloning of eight human cytosolic aminotransferases, their recombinant expression as His6-tagged proteins and a comparative study on their ability to transaminate glyoxylate, using any standard amino acid as an amino-group donor. To selectively quantify the glycine formed, we have developed and validated an assay based on bacterial GO (glycine oxidase); this assay allows the detection of enzymes that produce glycine by transamination in the presence of mixtures of potential amino-group donors and without separation of the product from the substrates. We show that among the eight enzymes tested, only GPT (alanine transaminase) and PSAT1 (phosphoserine aminotransferase 1) can transaminate glyoxylate with good efficiency, using L-glutamate (and, for GPT, also L-alanine) as the best amino-group donor. These findings confirm that glyoxylate transamination can occur in the cytosol, in direct competition with the conversion of glyoxylate into oxalate. The potential implications for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria are discussed.
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Thomsen, Maren, Lilly Skalden, Gottfried J. Palm, Matthias Höhne, Uwe T. Bornscheuer, and Winfried Hinrichs. "Crystallographic characterization of the (R)-selective amine transaminase fromAspergillus fumigatus." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 70, no. 4 (March 20, 2014): 1086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714001084.

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The importance of amine transaminases for producing optically pure chiral precursors for pharmaceuticals and chemicals has substantially increased in recent years. The X-ray crystal structure of the (R)-selective amine transaminase from the fungusAspergillus fumigatuswas solved by S-SAD phasing to 1.84 Å resolution. The refined structure at 1.27 Å resolution provides detailed knowledge about the molecular basis of substrate recognition and conversion to facilitate protein-engineering approaches. The protein forms a homodimer and belongs to fold class IV of the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes. Both subunits contribute residues to form two active sites. The structure of the holoenzyme shows the catalytically important cofactor pyridoxal-5′-phosphate bound as an internal aldimine with the catalytically responsible amino-acid residue Lys179, as well as in its free form. A long N-terminal helix is an important feature for the stability of this fungal (R)-selective amine transaminase, but is missing in branched-chain amino-acid aminotransferases and D-amino-acid aminotransferases.
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Josekutty, Joby, Jahangir Iqbal, Takao Iwawaki, Kenji Kohno, and M. Mahmood Hussain. "Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibition Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Increases Gene Transcription via Ire1α/cJun to Enhance Plasma ALT/AST." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 20 (March 26, 2013): 14372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.459602.

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Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is a target to reduce plasma lipids because of its indispensable role in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein biosynthesis. MTP inhibition in Western diet fed mice decreased plasma triglycerides/cholesterol, whereas increasing plasma alanine/aspartate aminotransferases (ALT/AST) and hepatic triglycerides/free cholesterol. Free cholesterol accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria resulting in ER and oxidative stresses. Mechanistic studies revealed that MTP inhibition increased transcription of the GPT/GOT1 genes through up-regulation of the IRE1α/cJun pathway leading to increased synthesis and release of ALT1/AST1. Thus, transcriptional up-regulation of GPT/GOT1 genes is a major mechanism, in response to ER stress, elevating plasma transaminases. Increases in plasma and tissue transaminases might represent a normal response to stress for survival.
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Palgova, Liudmila K., Irina V. Borisova, Natalia V. Zhestkova, and Marina A. Tarasova. "Essential phospholipids use in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury in pregnant women." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 66, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd66214-23.

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The aim of the study was evaluation the efficiency of essential phospholipids for the treatment of drug-induced liver disease in pregnant women. In the research group included 67 pregnant women with clinical and biochemical manifestations of drug-induced cytolytic syndrome, 58 pregnant women (the main group) were treated with hepatoprotectors, 9 women (the control group) the treatment of essential phospholipids wasn’t carried out. Patients of both groups were eliminated hormonal drugs and other drugs or their dosage is reduced as much as possible. Drug liver disease in pregnancy is manifested by increased transaminase, in some cases accompanied by increased level of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, liver glutamate dehydrogenase. Against the background of the treatment in both groups decrease in transaminases have been reported. But the rate of decline of aminotransferases was differed, so in the main group decrease of ALT and AST was occurred faster than in the control group.
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Khan, Adeena, Sadia Ali, Muhammad Usman Ul Haq, Mamoona Sultan, Saba Maqsood, and Sana Akhtar. "Relationship between alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT and AST) and fatty liver on ultrasound." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 1610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571610.

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Background: Non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease, also known as NAFLD is said to result from a number of disorders such as insulin resistance, Obesity & diabetes mellitus possibly as a result of an unhealthy and sedentary life style. The prevalence of NAFLD is stated to be 25.23%, but it ranges between 115 to 45% in Asian countries globally. Plasma aminotransferases (aspartate1aminotransferase [AST] & alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) are increased in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim:To find the relationship between alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT and AST) and fatty liver on ultrasound. Study design & duration: Retrospective Study, September 2017-2018. Settings: Radiology Department of Avicenna Medical College and Hospital, Lahore. Methods: 274 patients present with age of 18 years and above with demographic features as body mass index, grade of fatty liver and also noted ALT, AST and size of fatty liver were included from the study. Grade I was labeled if there was increased hepatic echogenicity but visible periportal & diaphragmatic echogenicity. Grade II was considered if increased hepatic echogenicity causes imperceptible periportal echogenicity, without obscuration of diaphragm. Grade III was considered as marked increase in liver echogenicity with imperceptible periportal echogenicity and diaphragm. The patients were then followed for the Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) Results: In this study The mean age of patients 53.8±11.94. There were 116(42.3%) male and 158(57.6%) females. Majority of patients were of grade II fatty liver 126(45.9%). Grade III fatty liver was found in 110(40.1%) and grade I fatty liver was found in 38(13.8%). hepatomegaly was seen in 153(55.8%) patients. None of the grade I fatty liver patients were found to have raised ALT or AST. Raised ALT was found in 21 patient of grade II and 15 of grade III fatty liver patients. Raised AST was found in 20 of grade II and 7 had grade III fatty liver patients. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study that mean of ALT increased as compare to AST. None of the grade I fatty liver patients were found to have raised ALT or AST. Raised ALT was found in 21 patient of grade II and 15 of grade III fatty liver patients. Keywords: Fatty liver disease, Grade I, II, III, AST, ALT
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Bezsudnova, Ekaterina Yu, Daria V. Dibrova, Alena Yu Nikolaeva, Tatiana V. Rakitina, and Vladimir O. Popov. "Identification of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases active towards (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine among PLP fold type IV transaminases." Journal of Biotechnology 271 (April 2018): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.02.005.

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Guimarães, José Eugênio, Rosilda Menezes de Souza, Romana Damasceno Assunção, Maria Angela Ornelas de Almeida, Maria Consuelo Caribé Ayres, and Gilênio Borges Fernandes. "Leptospira interrogans sorotipo pomona em caprinos: determinação do fibrinogênio, proteína total, transaminases e bilirrubinas, durante infecção experimental." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 30, supl. (December 3, 1993): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.1993.52037.

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Com o objetivo de estudar os aspectos laboratoriais, através da determinação do fibrinogênio plasmátieo, proteína total plasmática, aspartato e alanina aminotransferases séricas, e bilirrubinas séricas total, direta e indireta, utilizaram-se 20 caprinos mestiços, clinicamente sadios, de ambos os sexos, com dez meses de idade e, com peso vivo médio de oito quilogramas. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de dez: grupo "A”, controle e grupo "B". experimental. Nos animais deste último grupo foram inoculados cinco mililitros, via intraperitoneal, de cultura de Leptospira interrogans sorotipo pomona (estirpe M7/87), previamente preparada. Inicialmente, as amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas a partir do 3º dia após inoculação, em intervalos de quatro dias, entre o 3º e 15º dia, passando para seis dias do 16º ao 44º dia, e finalmente para sete dias entre o 45º e 93º dia. A análise estatística revelou significância a nível de 5% para a bilirrubina total e direta, enquanto para as demais variáveis não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos.
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Zhai, Lixin, Zihao Xie, Qiaopeng Tian, Zhengbing Guan, Yujie Cai, and Xiangru Liao. "Structural and Functional Analysis of the Only Two Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate-Dependent Fold Type IV Transaminases in Bacillus altitudinis W3." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111308.

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Aminotransferases are employed as industrial biocatalysts to produce chiral amines with high enantioselectivity and yield. BpTA-1 and BpTA-2 are the only two pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent fold type IV transaminase enzymes in Bacillus altitudinis W3. Herein, we compared the structures and biochemical characteristics of BpTA-1 and BpTA-2 using bioinformatic analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and other approaches. BpTA-1 and BpTA-2 are similar overall; both form homodimers and utilize a catalytic lysine. However, there are distinct differences in the substrate cofactor-binding pocket, molecular weight and the proportion of the secondary structure. Both enzymes have the same stereoselectivity but different enzymatic properties. BpTA-2 is more active under partial alkaline and ambient temperature conditions and BpTA-1 is more sensitive to pH and temperature. BpTA-2 as novel enzyme not only fills the building blocks of transaminase but also has broader industrial application potential for (R)-α-phenethylamines than BpTA-1. Structure-function relationships were explored to assess similarities and differences. The findings lay the foundation for modifying these enzymes via protein engineering to enhance their industrial application potential.
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Hasković, Edhem, Melina Pekić, Muhamed Fočak, Damir Suljević, and Lejla Mešalić. "Effects of Glyphosate on Enzyme Activity and Serum Glucose in Rats Rattus norvegicus." Acta Veterinaria 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acve-2016-0018.

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Abstract Glyphosate is a pesticide that influences many blood parameters if taken orally or subcutaneously. This pesticide causes important changes in the metabolic activity which can be measured by organospecific enzyme activity such as liver aminotransferases (AST and ALT), while glucose acts as a stress, energy and metabolism indicator after acute glyphosate exposure. In this research, glyphosate was applied subcutaneously to rats, administrated each 24 hours for a 15 days period. The concentration of the applied glyphosate was 2.8 g/kg. The experimental rats were 13 weeks old. The concentration of serum glucose, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and liver transaminases (AST and ALT) were observed as indicators of metabolic changes after treatment. It was observed that glyphosate led to a statistically significant decrease of serum glucose level. Statistically significantly increased (p<0.05) AST, ALT and LDH activities are indicators of hepatocyte damage while LDH activity demonstrates damage of other tissues.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aminotransferases. Transaminases"

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Yamamoto, Kagami Jin Marcos, and Núñez Jesús Sebastián Prado. "Asociación entre transaminasemia y resistencia a la insulina en una población urbana de Lima, Perú entre los años 2014 y 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628126.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre los niveles elevados de transaminasemia y resistencia a la insulina en una población de individuos sin alteraciones laboratoriales previas de glicemia, insulinemia, ni tiroideos. Métodos: Realizamos un modelo lineal generalizado crudo y ajustado de la familia Poisson con una varianza robusta, para evaluar la asociación entre los niveles elevados de transaminasemia y resistencia a la insulina. Las asociaciones se presentaron como razón de prevalencia (RP) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Se incluyeron 261 participantes. La mediana de edad fue de 39 años (31-45) y el 23,7% de los participantes eran hombres. La prevalencia de transaminasas séricas elevadas para TGO y TGP fue de 13.8% y 26.1%, respectivamente. La prevalencia de resistencia a la insulina fue del 34,1%. En el análisis en bruto encontramos significancia estadística entre TGP y TGO elevados y resistencia a la insulina (RP = 3,18; IC del 95%: 2,33-4,34 y RP = 2,44; IC del 95%: 1,88 a 3,30; respectivamente). Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariado ajustado, la asociación entre el nivel elevado de transaminasas séricas y la resistencia a la insulina permaneció estadísticamente significativa con TGP, pero se perdió con TGO; un PR = 1.90; CI95%: 1.31-2.77 y un PR = 1.23; CI95%: 0,93-1,61; respectivamente. Conclusión: niveles séricos elevados de TGP se asociaron con resistencia a la insulina. TGP podría usarse en la práctica clínica como una herramienta adicional para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina en personas sin alteraciones laboratoriales previas de glicemia, insulinemia, ni tiroideos.
Aim: To evaluate the association between elevated serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance in a population of individuals without alterations in their laboratorial values of glycemia, insulinemia and thyroid panel. Methods: We performed a crude and adjusted generalized linear model of the Poisson family with robust variance, in order to evaluate the association between elevated serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance. The associations were presented as prevalence ratio (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We included 261 participants in the study. The median age was 39 years (31-45) and 23,7% of the participants were men. The prevalence of elevated serum transaminase for TGO and TGP were, 13.8% and 26.1%, respectively. The prevalence of insulin resistance was 34,1%. In the crude analysis we found statistical significance between elevated TGP and TGO and insulin resistance (PR=3,18; 95% CI: 2,33-4,34 and PR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.88-3.30; respectively). However, in the multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and thyroid hormones, the association between the elevated serum transaminase level and insulin resistance remained statistically significance with TGP, but lost its significance with TGO; a PR = 1.90; CI95%: 1.31-2.77 and a PR = 1.23; CI95%: 0.93-1.61; respectively. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of TGP were associated with insulin resistance. TGP could be used in clinical practice as an additional tool to assess insulin resistance in people without laboratorial alterations in glycemia, insulinemia and thyroid panel.
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Yamamoto, Jin Marcos, Sebastian Padro-Nuñez, Mirella Guarnizo-Poma, Herbert Lazaro-Alcantara, Socorro Paico-Palacios, Betzi Pantoja-Torres, Carmen Ranilla-Seguin Vitalia del, and Vicente A. Benites-Zapata. "Association between serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance in euthyroid and non-diabetic adults: Serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance in healthy adults." Elsevier Ltd, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652461.

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Aim: To evaluate the association between elevated serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance (IR) in a population of healthy individuals. Methods: We define IR with a cut-off point of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.8. For aspartate aminotransferase (AST), we consider elevated values >30 U/L in women and values >36 U/L in men. For alanine aminotransferase (ALT), we consider elevated values >30 U/L in women and values >40 U/L in men. We performed a crude and adjusted generalized linear model from Poisson family with robust variance, in order to evaluate the association between elevated serum transaminase levels and IR. The associations were presented as prevalence ratio (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We included 261 participants in the study. The median age was 39 years (31–45) and 23.7% of the participants were men. The prevalence of elevated serum transaminase for AST and ALT were, 13.8% and 26.1%, respectively. The prevalence of IR was 34.1%. In the crude analysis we found statistical significance between elevated AST and ALT with IR (PR = 3.18; 95% CI: 2.33–4.34 and PR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.88–3.30; respectively). However, in the multivariate analysis, the association only remained statistically significance with ALT, but lost its significance with AST, PR = 1.90; CI 95%: 1.31–2.77 and a PR = 1.23; CI 95%: 0.93–1.61; respectively. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of ALT were associated with insulin resistance. ALT could be used in clinical practice as an additional tool to assess IR in apparently healthy people.
Dirección de Gestión de la Investigación, Universidad de Antofagasta
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Schuster, Joachim. "Charakterisierung der Branched-Chain Aminotransferasen als wichtige Enzyme des Metabolismus verzweigtkettiger Aminosäuren in Höheren Pflanzen." Ulm : Universität Ulm, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11293379.

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Knill, Tanja. "Charakterisierung der Funktion von Branched-Chain Aminotransferasen und Isopropylmalat Isomerasen im Primär- und/oder Sekundärmetabolismus in Arabidopsis thaliana." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-65228.

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DRIGUEZ, EMMANUEL. "Evolution de l'activite serique des aminotransferases au cours des pancreatiques aigues alcooliques, des pancreatites aigues biliaires et des lithiases de la voie biliaire principale." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM097.

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Zulian, Maurício Cardoso. "Níveis de fator V e alanina aminotransferase como preditores da mortalidade hospitalar após o transplante hepático." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/37051.

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Introdução e objetivos: A determinação de fatores preditores precoces da mortalidade após o transplante hepático ortotópico é essencial para o aprimoramento e o aumento da eficácia desta modalidade terapêutica. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a associação entre o fator V e a ALT como preditores da mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes submetidos ao transplante hepático e avaliar outros possíveis fatores prognósticos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo que analisou 96 pacientes adultos submetidos ao transplante hepático entre março de 2002 e outubro de 2010 no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. A mortalidade hospitalar foi o desfecho principal. Foi investigada a possível associação de fatores pré, trans e pós-operatórios com o desfecho. Resultados: As variáveis que apresentaram associação com a mortalidade hospitalar na análise univariada foram ALT > 2500UI/L, AST > 2500UI/L, fator V ≤ 45% e re-operação na internação. A associação do fator V ≤ 45% com a ALT > 2500UI/L nas primeiras 48 horas de pós-operatório assim com a ocorrência de reoperação na internação demonstraram associação com a mortalidade hospitalar no modelo de análise multivariada. A acurácia do teste da associação entre fator V ≤ 45% e ALT > 2500UI/L para o desfecho mortalidade hospitalar foi de 88,5%. Conclusões: A presença conjunta do fator V ≤ 45% e da ALT > 2500UI/L nas primeiras 48 horas após o transplante hepático foi um fator de risco independente para a mortalidade hospitalar na amostra analisada. O teste possibilita um reconhecimento precoce dos pacientes com maior risco de óbito na internação.
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Fasol, Silvia. "Exploring the potential of transaminases in aqueous organic solvent solutions through protein engineering: a resource to optimise the synthesis of chiral amines." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163680.

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Miranda, Manrique Gonzalo Francisco. "Efectividad de la vitamina E en la reducción de los niveles de transaminasas y severidad ecográfica de la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en diabéticos tipo 2." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9454.

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Determina la efectividad de la vitamina E sobre los niveles de transaminasas y severidad ecográfica en el tratamiento de la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en diabéticos tipo 2 de diagnóstico reciente. Realiza un estudio analítico cuasi experimental. Se formaron dos grupos, uno experimental que recibió vitamina E a dosis de 400 UI además del manejo convencional y otro grupo control con solo el manejo convencional. El estudio incluyó a 71 pacientes en cada grupo. Ambos grupos fueron sometidos a una ecografía y a la medición de TGP al inicio y tras 6 meses así como evaluación de actividad fibrótica mediante NAFLD score.Para comparar las concentraciones de TGP dentro de un mismo grupo se empleó la prueba Wilcoxon y para evaluar diferencias entre el grupo experimenta y control se realizo prueba de U de Mann-Whitney. Asimismo, para comparar severidad ecográfica se empleó la prueba de wilcoxon y se realizo análisis de regresión logística. Dentro de los resultados se halló que la vitamina E fue efectiva en reducir el nivel de transaminasas y el grado de severidad ecográfica en pacientes con esteatosis hepática no alcohólica y diabéticos de diagnóstico reciente sin actividad fibrotica importante en forma estadísticamente significativa (Z=-4.727 y p<0.05) y no explicada por variables confusoras. Se concluye en la comprobación de la efectividad en el uso de la vitamina E a dosis de 400 UI en parámetros de función hepática como disminución en los niveles de transaminasas y mejora de la valoración ecográfica tras 6 meses de seguimiento en pacientes diabéticos de reciente diagnostico con EHGNA sin fibrosis significativa.
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Boukroute, Azzouz. "Étude physicochimique et immunologique des glutamate oxaloacétate transaminases de l'ascomycète sphaérostilbe repens." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10023.

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La glutamate oxaloacétate transaminase (GOT) catalyse la réaction suivante : aspartate + a-cétoglutarate. Chez Sphaerostilbe repens, la GOT est constituée de deux isoformes. La première (GOT1) est localisée dans la matrice mitochondriale, la deuxième isoforme (GOT2) est cytosolique. Les deux isoformes de la GOT ont été purifiées à homogénéité et leurs propriétés physicochimiques ont été étudiées. L'étude immunologique de deux isoformes montre que les anticorps dirigés contre la GOT mitichondriale ne reconnaissent pas la GOT cytosolique. La richesse des thalles en GOT1 a été analysée par test ELISA selon la nature de la source azotée du milieu de culture
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Seidel, Christian. "Experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen zur Modifizierung der Substratspezifität einer Amin-Pyruvat-Aminotransferase." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-125429.

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Mit Aminotransferasen können chirale Amine auf biotechnologischem Weg hergestellt werden. Diese besitzen große Bedeutung als Bausteine für weitere Synthesen in der pharmazeutischen und agrochemischen Industrie. Da natürlich vorkommende Enzyme oft nicht die gewünschte Substratspezifität für bestimmte industrielle Anwendungen besitzen, ist eine Optimierung durch Mutagenese notwendig. Solche Entwicklungen sind jedoch oft mit hohem Zeit- und Kostenaufwand verbunden. Die Optimierung kann entweder ungezielt durch empirische Methoden oder gezielt unter Einbeziehung von Informationen über das Enzym erfolgen. Die notwendigen Daten können als Vorbereitung zu konkreten Produktentwicklungen durch Untersuchungen an potentiell geeigneten Enzymen gewonnen werden. Um einen solchen rationalen Ansatz bei der einer speziellen Amin-Pyruvat-Aminotransferase zu ermöglichen, war es Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit die Grundlagen für die Veränderung der Substratspezifität dieses Enzyms zu erarbeiten. Zunächst wurden strukturelle Informationen durch ein Homologie-Modell gewonnen und später durch eine experimentell bestimmte Struktur ergänzt. Mit dieser Struktur wurden die Substrat-bindenden Reste identifiziert und zunächst der Einfluss auf die Substratbindung durch ortsgerichtete Mutagenese überprüft. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass alle acht ausgewählten Aminosäurereste an der Substratbindung beteiligt sind. Zudem wurde unter diesen Positionen nach Mutanten gesucht, die neue Substrate umsetzen können. Eine Reihe von Mutanten wurde identifiziert, die verschiedene neue Substrate umsetzen. Für zwei Positionen konnten eine Reihe von Mutanten identifiziert werden, die neue Substrate akzeptieren. Durch die Art der Seitenketten, die Position der Aminosäuren und der chemischen Struktur der akzeptierten Substrate konnten eine Reihe von Aussagen über den Mechanismus der Substratbindung für diese Amin-Pyruvat-Aminotransferase gemacht werden. Außerdem wurde die Zweckmäßigkeit der eingesetzten theoretischen und experimentellen Methoden für die Anwendung bei Entwicklungen mit Enzymen dieser Klasse gezeigt.
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Books on the topic "Aminotransferases. Transaminases"

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1937-, Christen Philipp, and Metzler David E, eds. Transaminases. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aminotransferases. Transaminases"

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Recasens, M., and P. Mandel. "Similarities between Cysteinesulphinate Transaminase and Aspartate Aminotransferase." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 72 - Sulphur in Biology, 259–70. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720554.ch16.

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Chawla, Ranjna. "Chapter-28 Serum Aminotransferases (Transaminases)." In Practical Clinical Biochemistry_3RD EDITION, 148–51. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10646_28.

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Frey, Perry A., and Adrian D. Hegeman. "Nitrogen and Sulfur Transferases." In Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122589.003.0017.

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Unlike other group transfer reactions in biochemistry, the actions of nitrogen transferring enzymes do not follow a single unifying chemical principle. Nitrogen-transferring enzymes catalyze aminotransfer, amidotransfer, and amidinotransfer. An aminotransferase catalyzes the transfer of the NH2 group from a primary amine to a ketone or aldehyde. An amidotransferase catalyzes the transfer of the anide-NH2 group from glutamine to another group. These reactions proceed by polar reaction mechanisms. Aminomutases catalyze 1,2-intramolecular aminotransfer, in which an amino group is inserted into an adjacent C—H bond. The action of lysine 2,3-aminomutase, described in chapter 7, is an example of an aminomutase that functions by a radical reaction mechanism. Tyrosine 2,3-aminomutase also catalyzes the 2,3-amino migration, but it does so by a polar reaction mechanism. In this chapter, we consider NH2-transferring enzymes that function by polar reaction mechanisms. Transaminases or aminotransferases are the most extensively studied pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)–dependent enzymes, and many aminotransferases catalyze essential steps in catabolic and anabolic metabolism. In the classic transaminase reaction, aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) catalyzes the fully reversible reaction of L-aspartate with α-ketoglutarate according to fig. 13-1 to form oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. Like all aminotransferases, AAT is PLP dependent, and PLP functions in its classic role of providing a reactive carbonyl group to function in facilitating the cleavage of the α-H of aspartate and the departure of the α-amino group of aspartate for transfer to α-ketoglutarate (Snell, 1962). PLP in the holoenzyme functions in essence to stabilize the α-carbanions of L-aspartate or L-glutamate, the major biological role of PLP discussed in chapter 3. The functional groups of the enzyme catalyze steps in the mechanism, such as the 1,3-prototropic shift of the α-proton to C4' of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). The steady-state kinetics corresponds to the ping pong bi bi mechanism shown at the bottom of fig. 13-1. This mechanism allows L-aspartate to react with the internal aldimine, E=PLP in fig. 13-1, to produce an equivalent of oxaloacetate, with conversion of PLP to PMP at the active site (E.PMP), the free, covalently modified enzyme in the ping pong mechanism.
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"Alanine Aminotransferase (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, GPT)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_445.

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"Aspartate Aminotransferase (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GOT1, GOT2)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 150. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_1235.

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