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Journal articles on the topic 'Amitrole'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Wang, Yue, Danqun Huo, Jingzhou Hou, Junjie Li, Mei Yang, Shiying Zou, Huixiang Wu, Xianfeng Wang, and Changjun Hou. "A Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensor for Amitrole Determination in Aqueous Samples." Nano 12, no. 07 (July 2017): 1750071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017500710.

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A simple yet sensitive fluorescent sensor was reported for amitrole analysis based on integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs) via inner filter effect (IFE). The fluorescence of GSH-coated CdTe QDs can be significantly quenched by AuNPs, and gradually restored in the presence of amitrole. Addition of amitrole induced AuNPs aggregation and decreased their characteristic surface plasmon absorption, which diminished the IFE between them. The sensor platform realized high sensitivity and good reproducibility in low concentration amitrole ranging from 9.5[Formula: see text]nM to 1000[Formula: see text]nM with a detection limit down to 4.75[Formula: see text]nM under the optimized conditions. It also resisted a wide range of interfering counterparts and showed analytical performance comparable to the majority of analytical methods reported in prior studies. We envisioned the first fluorescent amitrole sensor would be potentially useful for low cost on-site amitrole monitoring in real application.

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2

Mani, Veerappan, Rajkumar Devasenathipathy, Shen-Ming Chen, V. S. Vasantha, M. Ajmal Ali, Sheng-Tung Huang, and Fahad M. A. Al-Hemaid. "A simple electrochemical platform based on pectin stabilized gold nanoparticles for picomolar detection of biologically toxic amitrole." Analyst 140, no. 16 (2015): 5764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an00930h.

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3

Ghanizadeh, H., K. C. Harrington, T. K. James, and D. J. Woolley. "A glyphosateresistant perennial ryegrass population is also resistant to amitrole." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5779.

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A doseresponse experiment was conducted on a previously confirmed glyphosate resistant perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) population from a Marlborough vineyard to examine if it is also resistant to amitrole after an initial experiment suggested amitrole is less effective on this population The plants of two populations of perennial ryegrass Population O (glyphosate resistant) and Population SP (glyphosate susceptible) were multiplied up by splitting out tillers and planting them into pots The plants were sprayed with rates of amitrole from 0 to 9600 g ai/ha and each treatment consisted of five replicates (one plant per replicate) The dry weight of plant material was measured 8 weeks after herbicide application The data were fitted to a three parameter logistic model and the herbicide rate giving 50 reduction in growth (GR50) was calculated The GR50 value of Population SP for amitrole was 523 g ai/ha whereas the GR50 for Population O was found to be 131 times greater This is the first confirmed case of amitrole resistance evolving within New Zealand and further work is currently underway to study this resistance

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4

Schneider, Bernd, Manfred Stock, Gernot Schneider, Horst Robert Schütte, Klaus Schreiber, Angela Brauner, and Ernst Ulrich Kaußmann. "Metabolism of Amitrole in Apple: I. Soluble Metabolites from Mature Fruits." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 47, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1992): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1992-1-220.

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Abstract Mature fruits from apple trees contain residual amounts of radiolabel derived from soil-ap- plied [3,5-14C]amitrole. This report deals with characterization of the soluble part of this radioactivity. By GC/MS of suitable derivatives 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-aminopropionic acid was identified as a new metabolite of amitrole. Significant parts of radiolabel were incorporated into genuine plant products, indicating liberation of 14CO2 from the applied substance followed by reassimilation. Possible pathways of metabolism of amitrole within the system soil/apple tree are discussed.

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5

Rascio, Nicoletta, Francesca Dalla Vecchia, Laura Agnolucci, Roberto Barbato, Vinicio Tassani, and Giorgio Casadoro. "Amitrole effects on barley etioplasts." Journal of Plant Physiology 149, no. 3-4 (January 1996): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(96)80124-6.

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6

Altman, Steven A., and Theophanes Solomos. "3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE, A CATALASE INHIBITOR, PROLONGS CARNATION VASE LIFE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1127d—1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1127d.

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Sim-type carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L., cv. Elliot's White) continuously treated with 50 mM or 100 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) and held in the dark at 18°C did not exhibit a respiratory climacteric relative to dH2O-treated controls. No morphological changes symptomatic of floral senescence appeared in treated flowers until 12-15 days post-harvest. Other triazoles were not effective in prolonging senescence. Amitrole appears to inhibit ethylene biosynthesis by blocking the enzyme-mediated conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate. Ethylene action appears to be progressively inhibited in that flowers held in treatment solution for 2 d or less responded to application of 10 uL/L exogenous ethylene whereas flowers held 10 d or longer exhibited no response. Electrophoretic resolution of total crude extracts evidenced protein synthesis as well as degradation. Western analysis and total activity assays showed an amitrole concentration-specific inhibition of catalase activity.

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7

Singer, Susan R., and Carl N. McDaniel. "Analyzing growth in cell cultures. II. Effect of initial cell mass on growth." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-034.

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Numerous factors must be considered when analyzing growth in a cultured cell system. One extremely critical factor is the initial cell mass. The effect of initial mass (10 to 400 mg) on growth rate was assessed for cell lines tolerant and susceptible to the herbicides 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) and N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate). For a given cell line, the relationship between initial mass and growth rate was comparable in the presence and absence of the growth inhibitors. However, among cell lines the response varied. For one amitrole- and glyphosate-tolerant cell line, increased initial callus mass resulted in an increased relative rate of growth. However, the opposite effect was observed for another cell line which was also tolerant to both herbicides. For a third cell line which was herbicide sensitive no initial mass effect was observed. A fourth cell line (amitrole tolerant – glyphosate sensitive) also showed no initial mass effect except for the very small 10-mg calluses, which had significantly lower growth rates. The observed effect of initial mass was dependent on the method of calculating growth rates.

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8

He, Danfeng, Shumei Liu, Fujiang Zhou, Xianjun Zhao, Yiwei Liu, Fang Luo, and Shuxia Liu. "Recognition of trace organic pollutant and toxic metal ions via a tailored fluorescent metal–organic coordination polymer in water environment." RSC Advances 8, no. 60 (2018): 34712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05502e.

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9

Grzyb, B., S. Gryglewicz, A. Śliwak, N. Díez, J. Machnikowski, and G. Gryglewicz. "Guanidine, amitrole and imidazole as nitrogen dopants for the synthesis of N-graphenes." RSC Advances 6, no. 19 (2016): 15782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24624e.

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10

Schneider, Bernd, Manfred Stock, Hartmut Bohm, Gernot Schneider, Horst-Robert Schütte, Klaus Schreiber, Angela Brauner, Johannes Köster, and Ernst U. Kaußmann. "Metabolism of amitrole in apple: III. Model systems." Pesticide Science 41, no. 4 (August 1994): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780410407.

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11

Zhou, Shenghai, Hongbo Xu, Yanjun Wei, Jing Gao, Yue Feng, Ning Wang, and Junfeng Gao. "Platelet Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-Doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon with Inexpensive Methylene Blue as a Single Precursor for Electrochemical Detection of Herbicide Amitrole." Nano 14, no. 08 (August 2019): 1950104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292019501042.

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Heteroatom-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) have currently been considered as promising electrode materials for electrochemical sensors due to the combined advantages of ordered mesoporous materials and heteroatom-doped carbon materials. Herein, a novel nitrogen and sulfur co-doped OMCs (N,S-OMC) has been prepared via a nanocasting strategy with an inexpensive methylene blue as single precursor. The obtained mesoporous carbon has platelet morphology, short mesoporous channel together with a large surface area (549[Formula: see text]m2/g) as well as rich N- and S-containing functional groups (6.8[Formula: see text]at.% N and 2.3[Formula: see text]at.% S). Compared with the graphene (GR) and carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode material, the N,S-OMC exhibited a higher electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of herbicide amitrole, ascribable to N,S-OMC’s open mesoporous structures and abundant electroactive defect sites on the carbon skeleton. And, an amitrole electrochemical sensor with N,S-OMC modified electrode as working electrode was fabricated, exhibiting a good selectivity, stability, reproducibility and wide linear range of 3–750[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. Moreover, the N,S-OMC-based electrochemical sensor was proved feasible in river water sample analyses, showing a satisfied recovery ranging from 97.03% to 105.42%. The results not only demonstrate cheap methylene blue can be used as single precursor for the N,S-OMC preparation, but also confirm the N,S-OMC is promising in amitrole sensor fabrication.

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12

James, T. K., and A. Rahman. "Chemical control of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense)." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6543.

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Field horsetail is a perennial rhizomatous weed with summergrowing fernlike foliage and sporelating stems It likes moist freedraining sandy soils and gravel riverbeds and flood plains Glasshouse experiments on 10month old potted field horsetail plants showed excellent efficacy of imazapyr amitrole metsulfuron picloram and combinations of picloram with metsulfuron or triclopyr all at highest recommended rates However in the field trial single applications of these herbicides did not provide effective longterm control with significant regrowth 2 months after treatment This suggests that most of the herbicide treatments did not damage the extensive root system sufficiently to stop considerable regrowth with herbicides such as triclopyrpicloram glyphosate and metsulfuron failing to give adequate control of this weed in the field Further applications of amitrole or triclopyrmetsulfuron 2 months after the initial treatment gave better results but also killed all other vegetation

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13

Pope, VA, and PN McConville. "Efficacy of post-emergence herbicides for weed control in chemical fallows in southern Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 1 (1990): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900079.

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Out-of-patent herbicides (2,4-D, MCPA, dichlorprop, amitrole, ametryn, atrazine and linuron) were screened at 3 rates of post-emergence application for weed control during fallow periods in southern Queensland. Herbicide efficacy was assessed on 26 weeds at 1 or more stages of growth. Each herbicide had a limited spectrum of activity over the range of species encountered, with amitrole being the most effective. The chlorophenoxy compounds controlled only some of the broad-leaved species and had no effect on grass species. Where more than 1 growth stage for each weed was encountered, differences in susceptibility to the herbicides were evident amongst stages. Most herbicides were ineffective on large weeds. The rate of herbicide application also influenced the level of activity on most species. Most of the weeds in the Brassicaceae group were susceptible to all rates of the chlorophenoxy herbicides.

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14

Hurrell, G. A., T. K. James, C. S. Lusk, and M. Trolove. "Herbicide selection for wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) control." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6885.

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Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) prevents the regeneration of native forests in New Zealand The herbicide triclopyr effectively controls this weed but is damaging to many native plant species To identify alternative herbicides 16 active ingredients representing eight chemical groups were applied to containergrown wandering Jew plants of various ages in three experiments In Experiment 1 triclopyr killed all plants (3 months old) while amitrole caused substantial damage to plants In Experiment 2 amitrole terbuthylazine metsulfuronmethyl and triclopyr provided excellent control of 2 month old plants In Experiment 3 on 4 monthold plants wandering Jew was highly susceptible to triclopyr metsulfuronmethyl fluroxypyr glyphosate fluroxypyr metsulfuronmethyl triclopyr and picloram triclopyr These herbicides were evaluated in a subsequent field trial and all except metsulfuronmethyl gave similar levels of control to Experiment 3 Further investigation of these chemicals is required to determine their optimal use rates and safety for native plants

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15

CHO, Ritsuko. "Determination of Amitrole in Agricultural Products by Capillary Electrophoresis." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 40, no. 5 (1999): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.40.5_396.

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16

Zen, Jyh-Myng, Huey-Ping Chen, and Annamalai Senthil Kumar. "Disposable clay-coated screen-printed electrode for amitrole analysis." Analytica Chimica Acta 449, no. 1-2 (December 2001): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01338-1.

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17

Oesterreich, Torsten, Uwe Klaus, Matthias Volk, Bernd Neidhart, and Michael Spiteller. "Environmental fate of amitrole: Influence of dissolved organic matter." Chemosphere 38, no. 2 (January 1999): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00185-4.

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18

Balkisson, Ron, David Murray, and Victor Hoffstein. "Alveolar Damage due to Inhalation of Amitrole-Containing Herbicide." Chest 101, no. 4 (April 1992): 1174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.101.4.1174.

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19

Powles, Stephen B., and Peter D. Howat. "Herbicide-resistant Weeds in Australia." Weed Technology 4, no. 1 (March 1990): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025203.

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This review considers the development of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes in Australia. Biotypes of the important annual weed species, capeweed, wall barley, and hare barley are resistant to the bipyridylium herbicides paraquat and diquat. These resistant biotypes developed on a small number of alfalfa fields that have a long history of paraquat and diquat use within a distinct geographical area in central western Victoria. The resistant biotypes are controlled by alternative herbicides and pose little practical concern. Some populations of wild oat are resistant to the methyl ester of diclofop. Of greatest concern is the development of cross resistance in biotypes of rigid ryegrass to aryloxyphenoxypropionate, cyclohexanedione, sulfonylurea, and dinitroaniline herbicides. The cross-resistant rigid ryegrass infests crops and pastures at widely divergent locales throughout the cropping zones of southern Australia. The options for control of cross-resistant rigid ryegrass by herbicides are limited. A biotype of rigid ryegrass on railway tracks treated for 10 yr with amitrole plus atrazine has resistance to amitrole and atrazine and other triazine, triazinone, and phenylurea herbicides. Management tactics for cross resistance are discussed.

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20

Muraja-Ljubičić, Jasmina, Mercedes Wrischer, and Nikola Ljubešić. "Influence of the Herbicides Amitrole and Norflurazon on Greening of Illuminated Potato Microtubers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 54, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1999): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1999-5-607.

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Abstract Potato microtubers turn green within a few days when kept in the light. The initial phases in this process were observed as early as 12 hours after the onset of illumination. The changes included a pronounced increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, accompanied by changes in the protein pattern and in the transformation of amyloplasts and leucoplasts to chloroplasts. The bleaching herbicides amitrole and norflurazon inhibited the synthesis of carotenoids in the illuminated potato microtubers. However, amitrole only delayed greening and an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels became visible as late as four days after the onset of illumination, and the LHC II protein of the photosynthetic membrane was not detected before the seventh day of light exposure. Norflurazon, in contrast, acted as a stronger inhibitor, and microtuber tissues stayed yellowish throughout the experiment. The concentrations of both carotenoids and chlorophylls were very low in tissues treated with this herbicide. The LHC II protein could not be detected after a seven-day light exposure and the plastids were damaged, small in size, without normal thylakoids and with numerous plastoglobules.

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21

Wrischer, Mercedes, Nikola Ljubešić, and Zvonimir Devidé. "Ultrastructural studies of degradational processes in amitrole-damaged photosynthetic membranes." Journal of Structural Biology 108, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1047-8477(92)90001-q.

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22

MATTIOLI, F., L. ROBBIANO, L. FAZZUOLI, and P. BARACCHINI. "Studies on the Mechanism of the Carcinogenic Activity of Amitrole." Toxicological Sciences 23, no. 1 (1994): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/23.1.101.

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23

Mattioli, F. "Studies on the Mechanism of the Carcinogenic Activity of Amitrole." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 23, no. 1 (July 1994): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/faat.1994.1085.

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24

Pozdnyakov, Ivan P., Peter S. Sherin, Victoria A. Salomatova, Marina V. Parkhats, Vjacheslav P. Grivin, Boris M. Dzhagarov, Nikolai M. Bazhin, and Victor F. Plyusnin. "Photooxidation of herbicide amitrole in the presence of fulvic acid." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 21 (February 23, 2017): 20320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8580-x.

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25

UEBORI, Michiko. "Determination of Amitrole in Environmental Water Samples by LC/MS/MS." Journal of Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 2 (2003): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5985/jec.13.445.

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26

Agnolucci, Laura, Francesca Dalla Vecchia, Roberto Barbato, Vinicio Tassani, Giorgio Casadoro, and Nicoletta Rascio. "Amitrole Effects on Chloroplasts of Barley Plants Grown at Different Temperatures." Journal of Plant Physiology 147, no. 5 (January 1996): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(96)80037-x.

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27

Schneider, Bernd, Manfred Stock, Horst R. Schütte, Klaus Schreiber, Johannes Köster, and Ernst U. Kaußmann. "Metabolism of amitrole in apple: II. Bound residues from mature fruits." Pesticide Science 37, no. 1 (1993): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780370103.

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28

Sánchez, F. García, A. Navas Díaz, A. García Pareja, and V. Bracho. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Asulam and Amitrole with Pre-Column Derivatization." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 20, no. 4 (February 1997): 603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826079708010947.

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29

Croker, P., A. M. Bonin, and N. H. Stacey. "Evaluation of amitrole mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium using prostaglandin synthase activation." Mutation Research Letters 283, no. 1 (September 1992): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(92)90115-x.

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30

Dakhel, Nathalie, Enrique Barriuso, Marie-Paule Charnay, Christine Touratier, and Dominique Ambrosi. "Amitrole degradation in vineyard soils in relation to pedo-climatic conditions." Biology and Fertility of Soils 33, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740100357.

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31

Creager, Richard A. "Control of Young Mediterranean Saltwort (Salsola vermiculata) with Postemergence Herbicides." Weed Technology 4, no. 2 (June 1990): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025574.

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Mediterranean saltwort has become an established weed in the upper San Joaquin Valley and the Temblor Range areas of California. Fifteen herbicides were evaluated to determine their effects on 6- to 8-week-old plants grown in the greenhouse. Mediterranean saltwort was killed by chlorsulfuron3, hexazinone, and metribuzin at low rates. Triclopyr4(Garlon 3A and Garlon 4), atrazine, imazapyr, glyphosate, dicamba, bromacil, karbutilate, and simazine were effective at higher rates. Four herbicides, asulam, pendimethalin, amitrole, and fosamine, did not kill Mediterranean saltwort at the rates tested.

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32

Catastini, Carole, Salah Rafqah, Gilles Mailhot, and Mohamed Sarakha. "Degradation of amitrole by excitation of iron(III) aquacomplexes in aqueous solutions." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 162, no. 1 (February 2004): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00316-2.

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33

Legube, B., S. Guyon, and M. Doré. "Ozonation of Aqueous Solutions of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds : Benzotriazoles, Atrazine and Amitrole." Ozone: Science & Engineering 9, no. 3 (June 1987): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919518708552338.

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34

Fontecha-Cámara, M. A., M. V. López-Ramón, L. M. Pastrana-Martínez, and C. Moreno-Castilla. "Kinetics of diuron and amitrole adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbons." Journal of Hazardous Materials 156, no. 1-3 (August 2008): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.043.

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35

Stegmann, Hartmut B., and Paul Schuler. "Oxidative Stress of Crops Monitored by EPR." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1993): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-9-1014.

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Abstract Treatment of leaves of spinach, corn, and peas with the herbicides paraquat, amitrole or acifluorfen leads to oxidative stress resulting in a light driven drastically increased production of ascorbic acid radical (m̱onoḏehydroa̱scorbic acid, MDAA) which could be demonstrated by in vivo EPR analysis. A discrimination of the MDAA formation between the action of electron uncouplers and catalase inhibitors can be achieved by observation of the radical rise kinetics. Significant MDAA signal intensities are detected in the darkness likewise. These signals are probably due to the action of ascorbic acid oxidase activated by membrane destruction.

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36

Tazi, Rabia, Hamza El Hadki, Mohammed Salah, Abdallah Zrineh, Mohammed El Azzouzi, and Najia Komiha. "Theoretical Approach of the Adsorption of Herbicide Amitrole on the Soil using DFT Method." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 3 (June 22, 2018): 1240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340306.

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Quantum chemical calculations were performed on amitrole used as herbicide in agriculture to investigate its interaction with humic substances which are the main components of soil organic matter. They contain carboxylic, phenolic, amine and quinonic groups as well as specific structural configurations. Global and local reactivity have been studied to predict reactive centers and to determine the favorable site for interaction with surface. The results suggest us that hydrogen bonds are formed between this compound and the amino acids of soil organic matter. The effect of water as solvent is considered since adsorption of pesticide commonly occurs in aqueous environment.

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37

Mac Carthy, Patrick, and K. E. Djebbar. "Removal of Paraquat, Diquat, and Amitrole from Aqueous Solution by Chemically Modified Peat." Journal of Environmental Quality 15, no. 2 (April 1986): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1986.00472425001500020003x.

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38

Chicharro, M. "Determination of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) in environmental waters by capillary electrophoresis." Talanta 59, no. 1 (January 2, 2003): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(02)00461-7.

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39

KODAMATANI, Hitoshi, Keiitsu SAITO, Nobumitu NIINA, and Shigeo YAMAZAKI. "Determination of Amitrole with Chemiluminescent Reaction Using Electrogenerated Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium (III)." Journal of Ion Exchange 14, Supplement (2003): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5182/jaie.14.supplement_229.

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40

Swartzberg, Dvora, Shamay Izhar, and Jacques S. Beckmann. "Tobacco Callus Line Tolerant to Amitrole: Selection, Regeneration of Plants and Genetic Analysis." Journal of Plant Physiology 121, no. 1 (September 1985): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(85)80088-2.

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41

Pan Hongmei, Sun Yulan, and Zhang Lishi. "The effects of amitrole on thyroglobulin and iodide uptake in FRTL-5 cells." Toxicology and Industrial Health 27, no. 2 (October 11, 2010): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233710386405.

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42

Clough, John M., Richard P. Dale, Barry Elsdon, Timothy R. Hawkes, Bridget V. Hogg, Anushka Howell, Daniel P. Kloer, et al. "Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxyazolopyrimidines as herbicides; the generation of amitrole in planta." Pest Management Science 72, no. 12 (April 4, 2016): 2254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4264.

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43

Ilager, Davalasab, Hyngtak Seo, Nagaraj P. Shetti, and Shankara S. Kalanur. "CTAB modified Fe-WO3 as an electrochemical detector of amitrole by catalytic oxidation." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 6 (December 2020): 104580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104580.

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44

Pachinger, A., E. Eisner, H. Begutter, and H. Klus. "A simple method for the determination of amitrole in drinking and ground water." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 342, no. 4-5 (1992): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00322197.

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Da Pozzo, Anna, Carlo Merli, Ignasi Sirés, José Antonio Garrido, Rosa María Rodríguez, and Enric Brillas. "Removal of the herbicide amitrole from water by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton." Environmental Chemistry Letters 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2005): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-005-0104-0.

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Chicharro, Manuel, Antonio Zapardiel, Esperanza Bermejo, Mónica Moreno, and Elena Madrid. "Electrocatalytic amperometric determination of amitrole using a cobalt-phthalocyanine-modified carbon paste electrode." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 373, no. 4-5 (July 2002): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-002-1345-4.

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van der Poll, J. M., M. Vink, and J. K. Quirijns. "Capillary gas chromatographic determination of amitrole in water with alkali flame ionization detection." Chromatographia 25, no. 6 (June 1988): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02324823.

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Powles, Stephen B., Debrah F. Lorraine-Colwill, James J. Dellow, and Christopher Preston. "Evolved resistance to glyphosate in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia." Weed Science 46, no. 5 (October 1998): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091165.

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Abstract:

Following 15 yr of successful use, glyphosate failed to control a population of the widespread grass weed rigid ryegrass in Australia. This population proved to be resistant to glyphosate in pot dose-response experiments conducted outdoors, exhibiting 7- to 11-fold resistance when compared to a susceptible population. Some cross-resistance to diclofop-methyl (about 2.5-fold) was also observed. Similar levels of control of the resistant and susceptible populations were obtained following application of amitrole, chlorsulfuron, fluazifop-P-butyl, paraquat, sethoxydim, sirnazine, or tralkoxydim. The presence of glyphosate resistance in a major weed species indicates a need for changes in glyphosate use patterns.

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LI, Li, Jian FU, Hongliang GAO, Haitao REN, Xishan LOU, and Lihui GUAN. "Determination of amitrole in agricultural products by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." Chinese Journal of Chromatography 28, no. 3 (May 6, 2010): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1123.2010.00301.

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Chicharro, M., E. Bermejo, M. Moreno, A. Sánchez, A. Zapardiel, and G. Rivas. "Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Amitrole at a Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electdrode." Electroanalysis 17, no. 5-6 (January 27, 2005): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200403172.

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