Academic literature on the topic 'AML pattern detection'
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Journal articles on the topic "AML pattern detection"
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Rao, GuoLi, Zhuxuanzi Wang, and Jiayu Liang. "Reinforcement Learning for Pattern Recognition in Cross-Border Financial Transaction Anomalies: A Behavioral Economics Approach to AML." Applied and Computational Engineering 142, no. 1 (2025): 116–27. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.kl22287.
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This paper presents a novel approach to anti-money laundering (AML) in cross-border financial transactions by integrating reinforcement learning (RL) with behavioral economics principles. The research addresses critical limitations in traditional AML systems by conceptualizing money laundering detection as a sequential decision-making problem where detection policies adapt to evolving criminal strategies. We develop a specialized methodology that incorporates multi-level data representations, behavioral feature extraction algorithms, and a composite reward function designed to balance detection accuracy with investigation efficiency. The framework leverages behavioral economics principles to distinguish between legitimate financial anomalies and suspicious patterns indicative of money laundering activities. Experimental evaluation across three datasets demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves a 27.4% improvement in money laundering detection rate while reducing false alerts by 18.6% compared to state-of-the-art methods. Behavioral pattern recognition components prove particularly effective for identifying sophisticated laundering schemes characterized by strategic transaction structuring and temporal spacing designed to evade traditional detection systems. Case studies of cross-border money laundering operations validate the approach's effectiveness in operational environments. The research contributes a unified theoretical framework that enhances AML capabilities while providing practical implementation guidance for financial institutions and regulatory bodies engaged in combating cross-border financial crime.
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Kramarzova, Karolina, Andre Willasch, Bernd Gruhn, et al. "Expression Pattern of WT1 Isoforms in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA)." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 2502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2502.2502.
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Abstract Abstract 2502 Introduction: The Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) is highly expressed in a large proportion of human acute leukemias and other hematological malignancies. It has been demonstrated that WT1 protein is produced in more than 36 different isoforms. These variants have distinct, partially overlapping functions and their ratio is supposed to influence the final effect of WT1. However, only limited information on WT1 isoforms has been published so far and the relevance of their expression pattern remains unclear. Aims: Our main aim was to determine the expression pattern of four WT1 isoforms characterized by the presence or absence of exon 5 and KTS insert (A[−/−], B[+/−], C[−/+], D[+/+]) in patients with AML, MDS and SAA. Materials and Methods: We designed a unique qPCR system for detection and quantification of 4 major WT1 isoforms. Using this method we analyzed the ratio of WT1 isoforms in 8 leukemic cell lines (Kasumi-1, NB-4, K562, MV4;11, REH, NALM6, UOCB6, RS4;11) and diagnostic BM samples of 73 childhood AML, 30 adult AML, 20 childhood MDS, 9 childhood SAA as well as 23 healthy controls. Results: Median expression level of total WT1 in healthy donors was 29 WT1/ABL×104 NCN. Childhood and adult AML expressed WT1 on significantly higher level compared to healthy controls (2058 and 3446 WT1/ABL×104 NCN respectively; p<0.0001). The expression level of total WT1 in patients with MDS was 196 WT1/ABL×104 NCN, whereas children with SAA had total WT1 comparable or lower than control samples (4 WT1/ABL×104 NCN). We found an excellent correlation between the total WT1 expression and the sum of WT1 isoforms (rho=0.916, p<0.0001). However, very low levels of total WT1 precluded detection of WT1 isoforms in majority of healthy donors and SAA samples, since we reached the limit of the sensitivity of qPCR method (as defined by limiting dilution experiments). For the same reason (very low total WT1 levels), 18 patients with AML (mostly AML M5) as well as 8 MDS samples were excluded from further analyses. The analysis of WT1 isoforms ratio showed a diverse expression patterns of WT1 variants in the particular cell lines (p<0.0001). Interestingly, a similar pattern of WT1 isoforms was present in cell lines with MLL/AF4 rearrangement, independent of the lineage (myeloid - MV4;11 and lymphoid - RS4;11). We could successfully determine the expression profile of WT1 isoforms in 1 healthy BM, which showed a substantial overexpression of isoform D with the ratio of 1.2: 1.8: 1.7: 5.3 for A, B, C and D variants, respectively. Rather surprisingly, we found a uniform expression pattern of WT1 isoforms (D>B>C∼A) in patients with childhood AML as well as adult AML (0.9: 2.5: 1.1: 5.5 and 1.3: 3.1: 1.3: 4.5 for isoforms A, B, C and D respectively). In contrast to AML samples, a different and more variable ratio of WT1 variants was found in children with MDS with predominance of variant D and similar levels of isoforms A, B and C (1.6: 1.5: 1.7: 4.6 for A, B, C and D respectively). Moreover, the unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis according to the expression pattern of WT1 isoforms indicated that children with MDS belonged to a distinct cluster compared to childhood and adult AML. Conclusion: This is the first report of the analysis of WT1 isoforms expression pattern in AML and MDS using a unique qPCR method for the detection of WT1 variants. Our data suggest that WT1 isoforms expression pattern is surprisingly uniform in pediatric and adult AML with predominant expression of Exon5[+] isoforms. To the contrary, the ratio of WT1 isoforms in childhood MDS significantly differ from AML indicating that the expression pattern of WT1 variants is related to the type of malignant cells. Careful pre-analytical testing of the detection system parameters suggests the technical limitations in detection of WT1 isoforms in samples with very low total WT1 levels. Therefore, the previously reported differences in WT1 isoforms ratio between normal bone marrow and AML samples should be interpreted with caution. Supported by MSM0021620813, GAUK 81709, IGA NS10488–3/2009 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Reichle, Albrecht, Birgit Panzer, Gerlinde Goetz, et al. "Genetic Instability in Remission Hematopoiesis Is Different from That in AML Blasts: A New Diagnostic Tool to Study Biology of AML." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1069.1069.
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Abstract Recently we have shown that aberrations, ie microsatellite instability (MSI) and allelic imbalance (AI) in positively selected CD34+ cells from leukapheresis products collected during first complete remission of de novo AML following double induction or consolidation according to AMLCG protocol may be predictive for relapse-free survival (RFS). Here we present data of an extended patient population treated on the same protocol. We compared MSI/AI pattern in CD34+ cells (n=60) with the corresponding pattern in AML blasts at diagnosis (n=60) or at relapse (n=12), and compared the AI/MSI pattern in CD34+ cells with those observed in the corresponding unselected bone marrow aspirates in first CR (n=50). The following loci were tested: D7S486, D7S525, D8S559, TP53, D11S1356, D2S123, APC, MfD5. Minimal residual disease (MRD) in the tested remission specimen (FACS analysis) was &lt;0.1%. MSI and/or AI at diagnosis could be detected in few cases (10 of 60, 17%), whereas CD34+ cells were tested positive in 25 of 60 cases (42%), and in 5 of 12 relapses studied (42%). Analysis of AI and MSI in DNA of bone marrow aspirates could not adequately confirm MSI and/or AI detectable in the corresponding CD34+ cells (n=3 cases, 12%). In 15 cases MSI and/or AI was observed in CD34+ cells, but not in AML blasts at diagnosis, in 5 cases in blasts at diagnosis, but not in CD34+ cells, in 4 cases in AML blasts at diagnosis and in CD34+ cells. Identical AI/MSI pattern were found in CD34+ cells and in AML blasts at relapse (n=2), as well as in AML blasts at diagnosis and relapse (n=1). According to the definition of genetic instability (GIN: MSI or &gt;2 AI at any locus, AI at APC locus), GIN in CD34+ cells was predictive for unfavorable RFS (p=0.001). In conclusion, detection of AI/MSI in CD34+ cells of remission hematopoiesis represents a new important diagnostic tool to study biology of AML besides the detection of MRD. For the first time we could demonstrate, that the same AIs or MSIs detectable in CD34+ cells, but not in AML blasts at diagnosis may occur in AML blasts at relapse.
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Chitra, P., M. R. Ebenezer Jebarani, P. Kavipriya, K. Srilatha, M. Sumathi, and S. Lakshmi. "Detection of AML in Blood Microscopic Images using Local Binary Pattern and Supervised Classifier." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12, no. 4 (2019): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2019.00286.5.
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Lingamfelter, Daniel, Na Yu, Tim Quinn, et al. "Detection and Production of Haptoglobin within Acute Myeloid Leukemic Blasts." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4305.4305.
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Abstract While a directly proportional relationship between serum haptoglobin (Hp) levels and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been documented, the exact source of this elevated haptoglobin remains in dispute. Furthermore, no reported studies thus far have analyzed haptoglobin-targeted immunohistochemistry as a potential diagnostic tool for AML. In this study, we examined Hp expression in patients with AML. Previously collected blood samples were obtained, with informed consent, during routine diagnostic blood studies from twenty-one patients with AML (13 males, 8 females; age range 4–73 years). Cytospin samples were prepared, and immunohistochemistry was performed using a polyclonal anti-haptoglobin antibody. Total RNA was extracted from 19 AML patient samples as well as from a K562 leukemic cell line for the RT-PCR assay. Cytospin specimens derived from all twenty-one patients with confirmed AML showed consistent anti-haptoglobin staining of blast cells in a granular, cytoplasmic pattern. The K562 cell line, used as a positive control, stained in a similar fashion to the patient samples. Immunohistochemical co-labeling of blasts was achieved with the AML anti-podocalyxin marker in conjunction with the anti-haptoglobin antibody. All of the AML blasts as well as the K562 cells expressed Hp by the RT-PCR assay. The ratio index (RI) of Hp band density against β-actin serving as an internal control was used to compare the expression level among the AML cases. The RIs ranged from 0.89 to 0.02, indicating different Hp transcription levels among the AMLs. We conclude that haptoglobin is produced by AML blasts and stored within the cytoplasm. This may partly explain the increased serum level of haptoglobin observed in AML patients. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry consistently detects these intra-blastic haptoglobin stores, suggesting a potential for a novel diagnostic tool for AML.
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Haque, Salina, Zulfia Zinat Chowdhury, Tamanna Bahar, et al. "Immunophenotypic Characterisation Along with Aberrant Expression of CD markers in Morphologically Diagnosed Cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Journal of Medicine 23, no. 2 (2022): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v23i2.60626.
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Immunophenotyping of leukemia cells is useful for detecting leukemia cell line, determining maturation stage and identifying aberrant antigens which act for individual treatment monitoring and detection of residual disease. A total of 104 newly diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukemia were identified at hematology department in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021.We detect Immunophenotypic pattern in newly diagnosed cases of acute myeloid leukemia. We also determine the frequency and pattern of aberrant expression of CD markers in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Mean age of patients was 35 years (SD±16 years) with male to female ratio was 1.53:1. Most frequent morphologic subtype was AMLM2 constituting 33.6% of all AML cases. Lineage specific markers HLADR, CD13, CD33, MPO, CD117 and CD34 were expressed in 80%, 89%, 95%, 77%, 74% and 62% cases of all AML cases respectively. Among 104 AML patient, aberrant CD expression was observed in 36% cases. The most frequently observed aberrant markers were CD7 and CD19 lymphoid markers, that were expressed in 15.38% and 14.42% cases respectively. Less frequent aberrant cCD3, CD10, CD5 and cCD79a antigens were expressed in 2.88%, 1.92%, 0.96% and 0.96% cases respectively. Immunophenotyping is essential in diagnosis and sub-classification of AML and expression of aberrant CD antigens is common in acute myeloid leukemia. These findings suggest the necessity for a more extensive study to evaluate the prognostic significance of aberrant CD marker expression in AML and to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and classification of AML. J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 106-111
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Wu, Kai, Qianyi Ma, Darren King, Jun Li, and Sami Malek. "Paired Analyses of AML at Diagnosis and Relapse By Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies Two Distinct Relapse Patterns." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124170.
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Introduction: Despite achievement of complete remission (CR) following chemotherapy, Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) relapses in the majority of adult patients. While relapsed AML is almost always clonally related to the disease at diagnosis, the actual molecular and cellular contributors to chemotherapy resistance and to AML relapse remain incompletely understood. Some molecular determinants of relapse have been identified in genomic, epigenetic and proteomic aberrations, while cellular relapse reservoirs have been identified in leukemia stem cells as well as in more mature leukemic cell compartments. Here, we set out to determine the cellular composition, gene mutation status and gene expression of paired AML specimens procured at diagnosis and at relapse aiming at a better understanding of the AML relapse process. Methods: We employed the drop-seq 3' single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) method (Macosko 2015) with minor modifications to analyze the mRNA expression in single cells derived from 12 paired AML specimens procured at diagnosis and at relapse from prior CR. We obtained scRNA-seq data on 1000-2000 single cells per sample detecting approximately 2000-3000 unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) and 800-1500 genes per cell. Using WES or panel-based sequencing we determined mutations in known driver genes. Subsequently, we optimized novel methods for detection and mapping of mutated driver genes to individual cells using mutation specific PCR conditions and novel bioinformatics approaches. We annotated scRNA-seq expression profiles of the diagnosis and relapsed AML specimens individually using publicly available data for cell type-specific RNA markers derived from sorted normal cell populations and further compared the scRNA-seq data to scRNA-seq data of 5 pooled normal human bone marrows generated for this study. Results: Through analyses of scRNA-seq data of paired diagnosis and relapse AML specimens via principle components analyses (PCA) or t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) we detected varying degrees of separation of cell clusters in all cases analyzed indicative of substantial changes in single cell gene expression between AML diagnosis and relapse. A few of these observed cluster shifts were paralleled by gain or loss of mutated genes (e.g. FLT3-ITD) at relapse while most others lacked obvious clonal genomic markers. Through subsequent comparison of the expression similarities of single AML cells to sorted normal human bone marrow cells we detected two distinct AML relapse patterns: i) a pattern of relapse suggesting simple leukemia regrowth as evidenced by similar proportions of leukemia cells mapping onto discrete normal bone marrow cells (e.g. monocyte-like or GMPs or CMPs), and, ii) a pattern of relapse whereby the gene expression of relapsed cells (but not diagnosis cells) had similarity to normal hematopoietic cells that are conventionally placed more apical in the classical hematopoiesis differentiation cascade (HSCs, MPPs, CMPs; a phenotypic shift to immaturity). In addition, no leukemia sample mapped to just one classically defined bone marrow cell type but instead to multiple cell types, suggesting that most AML leukemia cells harbor aberrant hybrid cell gene expression patterns. Finally, we detected quantitative shifts in T cells and NK cells in some samples at relapse, which will be analyzed in greater detail. Conclusions: The comparative analysis of scRNA-seq data of paired AML specimens procured at diagnosis and relapse, identifies frequent and previously unrecognized changes in gene expression in leukemia cells at relapse. Through a comparison of gene mutation and gene expression at single cell resolution we identify two distinct AML relapse patterns in adult AML. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Orsmark-Pietras, Christina, Henrik Lilljebjörn, Marianne Rissler, et al. "Comprehensive Prospective Next Generation Sequencing of Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 3830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3830.3830.
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Abstract Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with poor overall five-year survival of less than 30%. Current risk stratification is largely based on cytogenetics, combined with information of the most commonly mutated genes in AML (e.g. NPM1, FLT3, DNMT3A). To improve clinical decision making and to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying AML it is essential to gain additional information about the mutational landscape of AML. In this prospective study we perform comprehensive Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to determine the mutational landscape of AML. Starting from September 2014, bone marrow samples, with matched skin biopsies, were collected from all newly diagnosed samples of AML at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden. So far, almost 40 AML samples have undergone whole-exome sequencing (WES) (100X coverage), targeted AML-gene panel sequencing (>100 genes with recurrent mutations in the TCGA AML data set) (400X), RNA-seq and low pass Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) (1.5X). Additionally, clinical data such as age, treatment response and survival outcome are collected and samples are also cryopreserved for functional follow-up studies. The targeted AML-panel sequencing allows for high coverage data enabling identification of not only common but also rare variants present in subclones, while WES might reveal genes and pathways not previously associated with AML. Low pass WGS enables the detection of cytogenetic alterations, ranging from larger structural rearrangements to fusion gene detection. RNA-seq also makes the detection of fusion genes possible as well as providing global gene expression data. So far our prospective study has identified 22 recurrently mutated genes (with mutations present in >5% of the reads). Out of these, DNMT3A (34%), NPM1 (29%), TET2 (21%), FLT3 (18%) and RUNX1 (18%) were the most commonly mutated genes. The corresponding mutation frequencies in TCGA AML data set are DNMT3A (26%), NPM1 (27%), TET2 (9%), FLT3 (28%) and RUNX1 (10%). More than 70% of the cases carry combinations of mutations in two up to seven of the genes included in our AML panel. Each patient also carries a private combination of unique exomic variants. RNA-seq data confirmed all clinically known fusion genes and principal component analysis revealed that cases with e.g. NPM1 mutations have a uniform gene expression pattern. Although diagnostics has improved over the last years, information of the most commonly mutated genes has not largely improved risk stratification. A plausible explanation is the clonal complexity in AML and the joint risk combination of common and rare variants. NGS-based methods have greatly improved our possibility to detect genetic alterations and comprehensive NGS of AML has the potential to identify mutational patterns that can further improve diagnostics and risk stratification. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Usman, Atif, Nasir Naveed, and Saima Munawar. "Intelligent Anti-Money Laundering Fraud Control Using Graph-Based Machine Learning Model for the Financial Domain." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 25, no. 1 (2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.316665.
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Financial domains are suffering from organized fraudulent activities that are inflicting the world on a larger scale. Basel Anti-Money Laundering (AML) index enlists 146 countries, which are impacted by criminal acts like money laundering, and represents the country's risk level with a notable deteriorating trend over the last five years. Despite AML being a substantially focused area, only a fraction of such activities has been prevented. Because financial data related to this field is concealed, access is limited and protected by regulatory authorities. This paper aims to study a graph-based machine-learning model to identify fraudulent transactions using the financial domain's synthetic dataset (100K nodes, 5.3M edges). Graph-based machine learning with financial datasets resulted in promising 77-79% accuracy with a limited feature set. Even better results can be achieved by enriching the feature vector. This exploration further leads to pattern detection in the graph, which is a step toward AML detection.
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Ramilyeva, I. R., Zh K. Burkitbaev, S. A. Abdrakhmanova, A. A. Turganbekova, D. K. Baimukasheva, and E. B. Zhiburt. "DISTRIBUTION PATTERN FOR HLA SPECIFICITIES IN THE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA." Medical Immunology (Russia) 21, no. 5 (2019): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2019-5-965-972.
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The article presents a study on the distribution of gene polymorphisms in the histocompatibility antigens among the patients diagnosed with AML, and healthy donors in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as features of the HLA-A*, *B, Cw*, DRB1*, DQB1* distribution among the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). HLA typing and data processing were performed at the Research and Production Center of Transfusiology, Nur-Sultan. A total of 3808 people were examined, including 3621 healthy blood donors and 187 patients diagnosed with AML. Genomic DNA for HLA typing was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes by proteinase method using columns with silica membrane and using a set of reagents PROTRANS DNA BOX (Protrans, Germany). Typing of HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1 in the patients and blood donors was performed by polymerase chain reaction using commercial reagent kits from Protrans (PROTRANS HLA- A*/B*/DRB1* Cyclerplate System, PROTRANS HLA-C* Cyclerplate System, PROTRANS HLA-DQB1* Cyclerplate System).HLA-A*31 (OR = 1.8; CI 1.16-2.79; p < 0.01) proved to be more common in the group of patients compared to the control group, which suggesting an association between AML and presence of this antigen. The control group showed an increased frequency of HLA-A*02 antigen (OR = 0.55; CI 0.41-0.75; p < 0.01). This antigen may be, therefore, exert a protective effect in AML development.The studies of major histocompatibility complex which include HLA genes, did significantly expanded the understanding of HLA antigens which may have strong associative links with distinct diseases, and moderately or poorly expressed links in other disorders. Analysis of the literature data showed that myeloid leukemia is characterized by decreased frequency of HLA-B13, B14, B40 antigens, most often determined by antigens B16, Bw 22, B27. In this study, HLA-A*31, B*37 were associated with AML. Phenotypes with antigens HLA-A*02, B*27, C*02, DRB1*01, *04, DQB1*06 have a probable protective effect on the development of this pathology.The study has determined some features of histocompatibility gene distribution in AML patients, detection of HLA-markers that determine the risk or resistance to the occurrence of this disease. We have established characteristic specific markers of HLA system among AML patients in Kazakhstan, which may be associated with higher risk of the disease.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AML pattern detection"
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Ridge, Douglas John. "Imaging for small object detection." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295423.
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Song, Keng Yew. "Surface defect detection on textured background." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844113/.
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This thesis addresses the problem of defect detection on complex textural surfaces. In general, whether the texture to be inspected is regular or random, in image terms it is characterized by local variations in pixel grey level values. These normal variations render the problem of texture defect detection extremely difficult as defects are often manifested by grey level changes and their detection requires more than mere pixel comparisons. In the thesis, classical techniques on texture representation are studied and various existing texture defect detection algorithms are reviewed. Three novel algorithms have been developed to tackle the problem of defect detection on random or regular textures. The first two are devoted to the problem of crack detection and the third algorithm is devoted to the problem of detecting regional defects. For texture crack detection, a cojoint spatial and spatial frequency representation, that is, wigner distribution is proposed to model the inspected texture surface. A detailed analysis of the wigner distribution, its properties and the effect of windowing on its crack detection performance are carried out. Two postprocessing methods, ie, probabilistic relaxation labelling and linear filtering are incorporated into the crack detection algorithm to refine the results. The potential of the Wigner model has also been explored by modifying the crack detection algorithm so as to detect other types of defects. For real world applications, an efficient crack detection algorithm based on a new distribution is proposed. The algorithm is shown to produce comparable results but in much shorter time. For regional defect detection, a hybrid chromato-structural approach to colour texture representation is proposed where combined colour texture information is extracted from various chromatic classes associated with the inspected surface. In the approach, a unified defect detection framework which combines a new colour clustering scheme, morphological smoothing and blob analysis are used to capture the relevant combined colour texture information. With this framework, good defect detection results are obtained and presented in this thesis.
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Beattie, R. J. "Edge detection for semantically based early visual processing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26281.
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Vespa, Lucas. "Memory-efficient pattern matching for network intrusion detection /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594486431&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Demirel, Hasan. "Training set analysis for image-based facial feature detection." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264934.
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Parent, Pierre 1953. "Trace inference, curvature consistency, and curve detection." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66100.
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Green, Michael Antony. "A multiple resolution approach to feature detection in monocular greyscale images." Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387341.
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MOTA, GUILHERME LUCIO ABELHA. "PATTERN DETECTION IN BIDIMENSIONAL IMAGENS: CASES STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2000. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7469@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>A presente dissertação estudo dois problemas de detecção
de padrões em imagens com fundo complexo, casos onde os
algoritmos de segmentação convencionais não podem
proporcionar bons resultados: a localização de Unidades
Estruturais (UE`s) em imagens obtidas por Microscópio
Eletrônico de Transmissão em Alta Resolução, e a detecção
de faces frontais na posição vertical em imagens. Apesar
de serem abordados problemas diferentes, as metodologias
empregadas na solução de ambos os problemas possuem
semelhanças. Uma operação de vizinhança é aplicada a
imagem de entrada em busca de padrões de interesse. Sendo
cada região extraída desta imagem submetida a um operador
matemático composto por etapas de pré-processamento,
redução de dimensionalidade e classificação.
Na detecção de UE`s foram empregados três métodos
distintos de redução de dimensionalidade - Análise de
Componentes Principais (PCA), PCA do conjunto de
treinamento equilibrado (PCAEq), e um método inédito,
eixos que maximizam a distância ao centróide de uma classe
(MAXDIST) - e dois modelos de classificador -
classificador baseado na distância euclideana (EUC) e rede
neural back-propagation (RN). A combinação PCAEq/RN
forneceu taxa de detecção de 88% para 25 componentes. Já a
combinação MAXDIST/EUC com apenas uma atributo forneceu
82% de detecção com menos falsas detecções. Na detecção de
faces foi empregada uma nova abordagem, que utiliza uma
rede neural back-propagation como classificador. Aplica-se
a sua entrada recebe a representação no subespaço das
faces e o erro de reconstrução. Em comparação com os
resultados de referência da literatura na área, o método
proposto atingiu taxas de detecção similares.<br>This dissertation studies two pattern detection problems
in images with complex background, in which standard
segmentation techniques do not provide good results: the
detection of structural units (SU`s) in images obtained
through High resolution transmission Electron Microscopy
and the detection of frontal human faces in images.
The methods employed in the solution of both
problems have many similarities - a neighborhood operator,
basically composed of pre-processing, dimensionality
reduction and classification steps, scans the input image
searching for the patterns of interest.
For SU detection three dimensionality reduction
methods - Principal Component Analysis (PCA), PCA of the
balanced training set (PACEq), and a new method, axis that
maximize the distance to a given class centroid
(MAXDIST) -, and two classifiers - Euclidean Distance
(EUC) and back-propagation neural network (RN). The
MAXDIST/EUC combination, with just one component, provided
a detection rate of 82% with less false detections.
For face detection a new approach was employed,
using a back-propagation neural network as classifier. It
takes as input a representation in the so-called face
space and the reconstruction error (DFFS). In comparison
with benchmark results from the literature, the proposed
method reached similar detection rates.
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Shen, Ze-ping. "An application of neural networks for the detection of coronary heart disease." Thesis, Brunel University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385186.
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Pan, Xiang. "Approaches for edge detection, pose determination and object representation in computer vision." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1378.
Full textBooks on the topic "AML pattern detection"
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Rainville, Pierre. A signature of pain in the brain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0029.
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The discovery of pain biomarkers has profound implications for both pharmacology and neurobiology; in 2013, in the landmark paper discussed in this chapter, Wager et al. presented a neurologic signature of pain based on human brain imaging performed in healthy individuals administered experimental heat-pain stimuli. Using advanced analytic methods based on machine learning and multivariate pattern analysis, Wagner et al. provide very convincing support for the idea that pain is encoded in a distinctive pattern of brain activity in one or several brain areas typically referred to as the ‘pain matrix’, which acts as a saliency detection system for the body. Although the usage of such tool to infer pain in patients poses major challenges and is clearly not indicated in medico-legal contexts, the study provides experimental proof of concept in favour of a pattern theory of pain as well as for a specificity theory of pain.
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Anxiety. Exon Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36255/anxiety.
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Anxiety is a common but serious condition that affects millions of people worldwide, impacting how they feel, think, and handle daily activities. This article explores all important aspects of anxiety, serving as a valuable resource for patients, their loved ones, and the general public. The book begins with an introduction to anxiety, explaining its nature and significance. It then covers the various types of anxiety disorders, patterns of anxiety, and the difference between normal mood changes and clinical anxiety. The symptoms and causes of anxiety are discussed in detail, along with the various risk factors. The article also explains how anxiety is diagnosed and explores different treatment and management options, including medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of early detection, appropriate treatment, and supportive measures to improve the quality of life for those affected by anxiety. All information is presented in simple terms to ensure it is understandable for all readers.
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Panic Attacks. Exon Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36255/panic-attacks.
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Panic attack is a sudden and intense episode of fear and discomfort that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. This article explores the important aspects of panic attacks, serving as a valuable resource for patients, their loved ones, and the general public. The article begins with an introduction to panic attacks, explaining their nature and significance. It covers the different types and patterns of panic attacks and distinguishes between normal mood changes and clinical panic attacks. The symptoms and causes of panic attacks are discussed in detail, along with the various risk factors. The article also explains how panic attacks are diagnosed and explores different treatment and management options, including medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of early detection, appropriate treatment, and supportive measures to improve the quality of life for those affected by panic attacks. All information is presented in simple terms to ensure it is understandable for all readers.
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Depression. Exon Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36255/depression.
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Depression is a serious mood disorder that significantly impacts how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities. This article provides information about depression, serving as a valuable resource for patients, their loved ones, and the general public. The article begins with an introduction to depression, explaining what it is and its different types. It covers the patterns of depression and distinguishes between normal mood changes and clinical depression. The symptoms and causes of depression are discussed in detail, along with the various risk factors associated with the condition. The article also explains how depression is diagnosed and explores the different treatment and management options available, including medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of early detection, appropriate treatment, and supportive measures to improve the quality of life for those affected by depression. All information is presented in simple terms to ensure it is understandable for all readers.
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Kotker, Joan. James Patterson. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400673597.
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Since the publication and cinematic success of 1992's Along Came a Spider, James Patterson seems to have taken up permanent residence on the bestseller lists. In the ensuing decade, his hit detective novels, with memorable nursery rhyme titles like Cat and Mouse, (1997) and Pop! Goes the Weasel (1999), came in rapid-fire succession and generated similar popularity and praise. His Alex Cross series created one of the most recognizable detectives in literature, and one of the first urban African American detectives to appeal, on such a grand scale, to audiences of all demographics. With full literary analyses of ten of his most popular works of fiction, this critical companion offers readers a chance to more fully explore Patterson's writings. Beginning with his 1976 bestseller The Thomas Berryman Number and moving chronologically to 2002's 2nd Chance, each chapter examines elements of plot, character development, theme, and critical perspectives. A full chapter offers a delving biographical study of Patterson, including a brief timeline, that traces his early literary and personal interests and later professional achievements. Another chapter discusses the genres of detective and mystery writing, and situates Patterson 's contributions within this framework. Patterson's sociological writings are also considered. Whether for personal pursuits or school assignments, this volume provides ample insight and extensive bibliographic information on Patterson's work, including critical sources and reviews.
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Wu, Kana, NaNa Keum, Reiko Nishihara, and Edward L. Giovannucci. Cancers of the Colon and Rectum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0036.
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Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and second in women, with annual estimates of 1.4 million newly diagnosed cases and over 690,000 deaths. Incidence rates relate closely to economic development. Although incidence rates have stabilized at a high level in most economically developed countries, they continue to increase in many traditionally low-risk countries, following the uptake of Western patterns of diet and physical inactivity. In principle, CRC is among the most preventable of all common cancers. Potentially modifiable risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, high intake of red or processed meat, tobacco smoking, and heavy alcohol use. Several screening tests effectively reduce both the incidence and death rates of CRC through the detection of precancerous lesions and the treatment of early stage cancers. Despite the preventability of CRC, incidence rates over the last twenty years have decreased in only a few countries.
Book chapters on the topic "AML pattern detection"
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Krausa, Michael, Kartsen Pinkwart, Peter Rabenecker, and Marc Kehm. "Electrochemical Trace Detection and Pattern Recognition." In Electronic Noses & Sensors for the Detection of Explosives. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2800-7_11.
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Devi, V. S., S. Roopak, Tony Thomas, and Md Meraj Uddin. "Multi-Pattern Matching Based Dynamic Malware Detection in Smart Phones." In Energy Efficient Computing & Electronics. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315200705-15.
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Hale, Robert C., Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, and Lehuan H. Yu. "Analytical Chemistry of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, and Instrumentation." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_2.
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AbstractApproaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include tire wear, paint chips, semisynthetics (e.g., rayon), and bioplastics. Plastics commonly contain chemical additives and fillers, which may alter their toxicological potency, behavior (e.g., buoyancy), or detector response (e.g., yield fluorescence) during analysis. Field sampling methods often focus on >20 μm and even >300 μm sized particles and will thus not capture smaller microplastics (which may be most abundant and bioavailable). Analysis of a limited subgroup (selected polymer types, particle sizes, or shapes) of microplastics, while often operationally necessary, can result in an underestimation of actual sample content. These shortcomings complicate calls for toxicological studies of microplastics to be based on “environmentally relevant concentrations.” Sample matrices of interest include water (including wastewater, ice, snow), sediment (soil, dust, wastewater sludge), air, and biota. Properties of the environment, and of the particles themselves, may concentrate plastic debris in select zones (e.g., gyres, shorelines, polar ice, wastewater sludge). Sampling designs should consider such patchy distributions. Episodic releases due to weather and anthropogenic discharges should also be considered. While water grab samples and sieving are commonplace, novel techniques for microplastic isolation, such as continuous flow centrifugation, show promise. The abundance of nonplastic particulates (e.g., clay, detritus, biological material) in samples interferes with microplastic detection and characterization. Their removal is typically accomplished using a combination of gravity separation and oxidative digestion (including strong bases, peroxide, enzymes); unfortunately, aggressive treatments may damage more labile plastics. Microscope-based infrared or Raman detection is often applied to provide polymer chemistry and morphological data for individual microplastic particles. However, the sheer number of particles in many samples presents logistical hurdles. In response, instruments have been developed that employ detector arrays and rapid scanning lasers. The addition of dyes to stain particulates may facilitate spectroscopic detection of some polymer types. Most researchers provide microplastic data in the form of the abundances of polymer types within particle size, polymer, and morphology classes. Polymer mass data in samples remain rare but are essential to elucidating fate. Rather than characterizing individual particles in samples, solvent extraction (following initial sample prep, such as sediment size class sorting), combined with techniques such as thermoanalysis (e.g., pyrolysis), has been used to generate microplastic mass data. However, this may obviate the acquisition of individual particle morphology and compositional information. Alternatively, some techniques (e.g., electron and atomic force microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry) are adept at providing highly detailed data on the size, morphology, composition, and surface chemistry of select particles. Ultimately, the analyst must select the approach best suited for their study goals. Robust quality control elements are also critical to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the sampling and analysis techniques. Further, improved efforts are required to assess and control possible sample contamination due to the ubiquitous distribution of microplastics, especially in indoor environments where samples are processed.
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Triantafyllopoulos, K., and S. Han. "Detecting Mean-Reverted Patterns in Algorithmic Pairs Trading." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5076-4_9.
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Wurzenberger, Markus, Max Landauer, Agron Bajraktari, and Florian Skopik. "Automatic Attack Pattern Mining for Generating Actionable CTI Applying Alert Aggregation." In Cybersecurity of Digital Service Chains. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04036-8_7.
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AbstractIntrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) monitor all kinds of IT infrastructures to automatically detect malicious activities related to cyber attacks. Unfortunately, especially anomaly-based IDS are known to produce large numbers of alerts, including false positives, that often become overwhelming for manual analysis. However, due to a fast changing threat landscape, quickly evolving attack techniques, and ever growing number of vulnerabilities, novel anomaly detection systems that enable detection of unknown attacks are indispensable. Therefore, to reduce the number of alerts that have to be reviewed by security analysts, aggregation methods have been developed for filtering, grouping, and correlating alerts. Yet, existing techniques either rely on manually defined attack scenarios or require specific alert formats, such as IDMEF that includes IP addresses. This makes the application of existing aggregation methods infeasible for alerts from host-based or anomaly-based IDSs that frequently lack such network-related data. In this chapter, we present a domain-independent alert aggregation technique that enables automatic attack pattern mining and generation of actionable CTI. The chapter describes the concept of the proposed alert aggregation process as well as a dashboard that enables visualization and filtering of the results. Finally, the chapter demonstrates all features in course of an application example.
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Huc, Florian, Aubin Jarry, Pierre Leone, Luminita Moraru, Sotiris Nikoletseas, and Jose Rolim. "Early Obstacle Detection and Avoidance for All to All Traffic Pattern in Wireless Sensor Networks." In Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05434-1_11.
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Reiche, Sebastian, Sarel Cohen, Kirill Simonov, and Tobias Friedrich. "Beyond Following: Augmenting Bot Detection with the Integration of Behavioral Patterns." In Complex Networks & Their Applications XII. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53468-3_21.
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Carley, L. Richard, and Kathleen M. Carley. "Improved Change Detection in Longitudinal Social Network Measures Subject to Pattern-of-Life Variations." In Complex Networks & Their Applications XII. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53503-1_27.
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Ibáñez, Jaime, J. Ignacio Serrano, M. Dolores del Castillo, et al. "Detection of the Onset of Voluntary Movements Based on the Combination of ERD and BP Cortical Patterns." In Biosystems & Biorobotics. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08072-7_66.
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Kocyigit, Emre, Arianna Rossi, and Gabriele Lenzini. "Towards Assessing Features of Dark Patterns in Cookie Consent Processes." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31971-6_13.
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AbstractThere has been a burst of discussions about how to characterize and recognize online dark patterns — i.e., web design strategies that aim to steer user choices towards what favours service providers or third parties like advertisers rather than what is in the best interest of users. Dark patterns are common in cookie banners where they are used to influence users to accept being tracked for more purposes than a data protection by default principle would dictate. Despite all the discussions, an objective, transparent, and verifiable assessment of dark patterns’ qualities is still missing. We contribute to bridging this gap by studying several cookie processes, in particular their multi-layered information flow —that we represent as message sequence charts—, and by identifying a list of observable and measurable features that we believe can help describing the presence of dark patterns in digital consent flows. We propose thirty one of such properties that can be operationalised into metrics and therefore into objective procedures for the detection of dark patterns.
Conference papers on the topic "AML pattern detection"
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Tiwary, Priya, Akshayraj Madhubalan, Amit Gautam, and Raj Darji. "Attention to Patterns is all you need for Insider threat detection." In 2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Metaverse and Cybersecurity (ICAMAC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icamac62387.2024.10828982.
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Sakhterov, Vladimir Ivanovich, Aleksandr Anatolevich Averin, Vladimir Viktorovich Varenkov, Dmitri Sergeevich Gorkin, and Dmitri Andreevich Smirnov. "Application of Ground Penetrating Radar with Controlled Antenna Pattern for Detection of Low-Contrast Objects." In 2024 IEEE 9th All-Russian Microwave Conference (RMC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/rmc62880.2024.10845903.
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Gómez-Ramos, Raúl, Jaime Duque-Domingo, Eduardo Zalama, and Jaime Gómez-García-Bermejo. "Ambient Intelligence Ecosystem for Elderly Pattern Detection and Care Using Social Robots." In 2024 IEEE International Conferences on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing & Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical & Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData) and IEEE Congress on Cybermatics. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ithings-greencom-cpscom-smartdata-cybermatics62450.2024.00061.
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Hosseini, Seyed Ali, Alessandro Niccolai, Marco Lorenzo, Fabio Casamatta, and Francesco Grimaccia. "Advanced Pattern Detection and Trend Forecasting in European Carbon Markets Using Machine Learning Algorithms." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence & Green Energy (ICAIGE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaige62696.2024.10776670.
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Ryntathiang, Shemphang, Abisek Dahal, and Soumen Moulik. "Leveraging Gait Patterns and Machine Learning for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease." In 2025 8th International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering & Nano-Technology (IEMENTech). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iementech65115.2025.10959514.
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Bhavani, Tedla, Burri Naresh, BNV Madhu Babu, Ch Ravikumar, Ashlesha Kolakar, and Anjum Nabi Sheikh. "Enhancing Wireless Intrusion Detection Systems with the All-Ready State Traversal Pattern Matching (ARSTPM) Algorithm." In 2024 4th International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ictacs62700.2024.10841010.
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Pacaldo, Joren Mundane, Chi Wee Tan, Wah Pheng Lee, Dustin Gerard Ancog, and Haroun Al Raschid Christopher Macalisang. "Utilizing Synthetically-Generated License Plate Automatic Detection and Recognition of Motor Vehicle Plates in Philippines." In International Conference on Digital Transformation and Applications (ICDXA 2021). Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56453/icdxa.2021.1022.
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We investigated the potential use of synthetic data for automatic license plate detection and recognition by detecting and clustering each of the characters on the license plates. We used 36 cascading classifiers (26 letters + 10 numbers) as an individual character to detect synthetically generated license plates. We trained our cascade classifier using a Local Binary Pattern (LBP) as the visual descriptor. After detecting all the characters individually, an investigation has been established in identifying and utilizing a clustering algorithm in grouping these characters for valid license plate recognition. Two clustering algorithms have been considered including Hierarchical and K-means. Investigation results revealed that the hierarchical clustering algorithm approach produces better results in clustering the detecting characters than the K-means. Inaccuracy in the actual detection and recognition of license plates is largely attributed to the false detections in some of the 36 classifiers used in the study. To improve the precision in the detection of plate numbers, it is recommended to have a good classifier for each character detection and utilization of a good clustering algorithm. The proponents concluded that detecting and clustering each character was not an effective approach, however the use of synthetic data in training the classifiers shows promising results. Keywords: Cascading Classifiers, Synthetic Data, Local Binary Pattern, License Plate Recognition
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Guan, Yonggui, Guowei Yang, and Yaqiang Dong. "Development of all-electrostatic camera tubes with pattern yoke." In Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging: Technology and Applications '93, edited by LiWei Zhou. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.142025.
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Dalirrooyfard, Mina, Thuy Duong Vuong, and Virginia Vassilevska Williams. "Graph pattern detection: hardness for all induced patterns and faster non-induced cycles." In STOC '19: 51st Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on the Theory of Computing. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313276.3316329.
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Thomas, James P., and Lynn A. Olzak. "Contrast-related nonlinearities do not account for configuration effects in discrimination." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.thaa4.
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Discriminations between highly similar, complex spatial patterns often show configuration effects: two patterns that differ from each other by a single transformation (such as rotation or magnification of all components in one pattern) are more accurately discriminated than two patterns in which transformations of the same magnitude have been applied differentially to the components of one pattern (such as one component magnified and another minified). One hypothesis is that contrast related nonlinearities produce distortion products that aid discrimination in the first case, but not in the second case. This hypothesis was tested by measuring discrimination for the two types of pattern, plus appropriate single component and masking controls, as the contrast of the individual components was varied from 2 to 20 times the detection threshold of the component when viewed alone. Comparison of performance on the complex patterns with performance on single- component control patterns indicates that sum or difference products do not aid discrimination.
Reports on the topic "AML pattern detection"
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Tao, Yang, Victor Alchanatis, and Yud-Ren Chen. X-ray and stereo imaging method for sensitive detection of bone fragments and hazardous materials in de-boned poultry fillets. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695872.bard.
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As Americans become increasingly health conscious, they have increased their consumptionof boneless white and skinless poultry meat. To the poultry industry, accurate detection of bonefragments and other hazards in de-boned poultry meat is important to ensure food quality andsafety for consumers. X-ray imaging is widely used for internal material inspection. However,traditional x-ray technology has limited success with high false-detection errors mainly becauseof its inability to consistently recognize bone fragments in meat of uneven thickness. Today’srapid grow-out practices yield chicken bones that are less calcified. Bone fragments under x-rayshave low contrast from meat. In addition, the x-ray energy reaching the image detector varieswith the uneven meat thickness. Differences in x-ray absorption due to the unevenness inevitablyproduce false patterns in x-ray images and make it hard to distinguish between hazardousinclusions and normal meat patterns even by human visual inspection from the images.Consequently, the false patterns become camouflage under x-ray absorptions of variant meatthickness in physics, which remains a major limitation to detecting hazardous materials byprocessing x-ray images alone.Under the support of BARD, USDA, and US Poultry industries, we have aimed todeveloping a new technology that uses combined x-ray and laser imaging to detect bonefragments in de-boned poultry. The technique employs the synergism of sensors of differentprinciples and has overcome the deficiency of x-rays in physics of letting x-rays work alone inbone fragment detection. X-rays in conjunction of laser-based imaging was used to eliminatefalse patterns and provide higher sensitivity and accuracy to detect hazardous objects in the meatfor poultry processing lines.Through intensive research, we have met all the objectives we proposed during the researchperiod. Comprehensive experiments have proved the concept and demonstrated that the methodhas been capable of detecting frequent hard-to-detect bone fragments including fan bones andfractured rib and pulley bone pieces (but not cartilage yet) regardless of their locations anduneven meat thickness without being affected by skin, fat, and blood clots or blood vines.
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Hansen, R., K. Marvel, and C. Bonfils. Detecting Humanity's Imprint on Rainfall Patterns: An S&TR Preprint. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132003.
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Iselin, Columbus O'Donnell. Summary of bathythermograph observations from the western North Atlantic : October 1940 - December 1941. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29563.
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The range of submarine detection is frequently limited by the refraction produced by vertical temperature gradients in the superficial layers of the ocean. In order to measure these temperature gradients and thus to permit predictions of the range, the bathythermograph was developed and is now being used on a considerable number of anti-submarine vessels, while a somewhat modified version of the instrument is being tried out on submarines. Some 6675 bathythermograph observations from the western North Atlantic have been examined in order to determine how frequently such observations should be made so that within practical limits and anti-submarine vessel may at all times know the assured range of its sound gear. The occurrence of the four basic types of refraction patterns is shown by a series of six charts. For all but one of these patterns the range can be rather quickly and easily estimated from simple tables; but when the so-called afternoon effect is encountered, which is on the average about 20% of the time, a more complete analysis is necessary. It is found that under the most unfavorable circumstances, that is, in mid-summer and near the edges of a strong current system, there is about one chance in three that the refraction pattern will chance significantly in a distance of four miles. At other times of year and in areas where horizontal variations in temperature are less pronounced a single bathythermograph observation can be considered representative of a much larger area. It is also shown that in the western North Atlantic about 92% of the time in summer and about 34% of the time in winter the assured range of submarine detection is limited by refraction to less than 2500 yards.
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Kurimo-Beechuk, Elizabeth, Michael Byrne, and Wendy Wright. Landbird community monitoring at Fort Sumter National Monument: 2012 data summary. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, 2016. https://doi.org/10.36967/2228028.
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Birds are an important component of park ecosystems. Due to their high body temperature, rapid metabolism, and high ecological position in most food webs, birds are also good indicators of the effects of local and regional ecosystem changes. Patterns in the community composition, distribution, and occurrence of breeding birds provide a metric for assessing ecological integrity and sustainability in southeastern U.S. ecosystems. Further, trends in these attributes in relation to activities occurring at Fort Sumter National Monument (e.g., management actions, natural disturbance, invasive-species treatment) will improve our understanding of the effects of various management actions and other stressors on the condition of monument resources. This report summarizes data collected during implementation of the SECN landbird community monitoring protocol (Byrne et al. 2014) at Fort Sumter National Monument in 2012. 1. Automated recording devices collected bird detection/ non-detection data from four spatially balanced random locations within the monument. 2. Approximately 80 minutes of recordings were collected in May and June, to represent a closed population, and were evaluated to detect the presence of vocalizing birds. 3. Thirty-three species of birds were detected during the sampling effort. 4. Carolina wren, house finch, and northern cardinal were the most frequently occurring and widely distributed species (i.e., occurring at all sampling locations). Blue jay, brown thrasher, Carolina chickadee, chimney swift, fish crow, mourning dove, northern mockingbird, purple martin, and red-winged blackbird were also widely distributed across the monument, occurring at 75% of all sampling locations. 5. Two non-native species, house finch and house sparrow, were detected during the sampling effort. 6. Blue-gray gnatcatcher, great crested flycatcher, and orchard oriole represent new detections and will be added to the monument species list. 7. The full dataset, and associated metadata, can be acquired from the NPS data store at the Integrated Resource Management Applications portal (https://irma. nps.gov/App/Portal/Home).
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Michaels, Trevor. Red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor) surveys at Salt River Bay National Park, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands: 2023 report of activities. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303799.
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St. Croix is home to a variety of threatened and endangered (T&E) species that are at risk for predation by the invasive red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor), such as the St. Croix ground lizard (Amevia polyps), the ground-nesting least tern (Sterna antillarum), and the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Genetic analysis determined the original red-tailed boa population on St. Croix sourced from a single female released by a pet owner and its range expands every year. Presently, the main population of red-tailed boa is established on the west end of St. Croix and extends as far east as Salt River. One individual was found in Salt River Marina and additional sightings have occurred in Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) more recently. This inventory aims to search for red-tailed boas in two focal areas that park staff are actively restoring. The park will use information from this inventory to develop a boa removal program and protect sensitive native species like the ground-nesting least tern, the St. Croix ground lizard and the hawksbill sea turtle nests and increase the success of restoration. Snakes are cryptic species, often occurring in low density, and utilize complex habitat patterns. To increase the likelihood of detecting red-tailed boa, the Maryland/Delaware/D.C. Wildlife Services detector dog handling team partnered with the USDA-APHIS National Detector Dog Training Center to train and develop detector dogs to assist in determining the presence/absence of red-tailed boa for this project. Canines were trained to locate red-tailed boa and indicate its presence to the handler via barking three times near the identified target. Two dog detector teams traveled to Salt River Bay National Park (SARI) in St. Croix to conduct surveys for red-tailed boa in habitats likely to contain red-tailed boa in June 2023. Habitat varied throughout the surveys. Close to the bay, mangrove forests dominated and, as elevation increased, transects took place in almost exclusively dry tropical shrub forest. Each transect was surveyed by one dog team. The canine teams had no red-tailed boa detections within SARI. Canines showed proficiency at surveying for red-tailed boa populations in SARI. Given the proximity of confirmed detections to SARI, it is likely red-tailed boa will be in the park in the future, if they are not already. Additional surveys, whether by humans, canines, or both, are recommended in areas of the park that have not been previously surveyed.
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Pou, Jose, Jeff Duffany, and Alfredo Cruz. Terrorist Activity Evaluation and Pattern Detection (TAE&PD) in Afghanistan: A Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDDM) Approach for Counter-Terrorism. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581564.
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Jordan, Ramon L., Abed Gera, Hei-Ti Hsu, Andre Franck, and Gad Loebenstein. Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568793.bard.
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Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.
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Kurimo-Beechuk, Elizabeth, Michael Byrne, and Wendy Wright. Landbird community monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2012 data summary. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, 2016. https://doi.org/10.36967/2228030.
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Birds are an important component of park ecosystems. Due to their high body temperature, rapid metabolism, and high ecological position in most food webs, birds are also good indicators of the effects of local and regional ecosystem changes. Patterns in the community composition, distribution, and occurrence of breeding birds provide a metric for assessing ecological integrity and sustainability in southeastern U. S. ecosystems. Further, trends in these attributes in relation to activities occurring at Cumberland Island National Seashore (e.g., management actions, natural disturbance, invasive-species treatment) will improve our understanding of the effects of various management actions and other stressors on the condition of seashore resources. This report summarizes data collected during implementation of the SECN landbird community monitoring protocol (Byrne et al. 2014) at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2012. 1. Automated recording devices collected bird detection/ non-detection data (i.e., presence/absence) from 30 out of 31 spatially balanced random locations at the seashore. 2. Approximately 1,700 minutes of recordings were collected May–June, to represent a closed population, and were evaluated to detect the presence of vocalizing birds. 3. Fifty-five species of birds were detected during the sampling effort. 4. Northern cardinal, Carolina wren, white-eyed vireo, blue-gray gnatcatcher, northern parula, and tufted titmouse were the most frequently occurring and widely distributed species (i.e., occurring at 90% or more of all sampling locations). Yellow-throated warbler, redbellied woodpecker, and summer tanager were also widely distributed across the seashore, occurring at 80% or more of all sampling locations. 5. One non-native species, house finch, was detected during the sampling effort. 6. The full dataset, and associated metadata, can be acquired from the NPS data store at the Integrated Resource Management Applications portal (https:// irma.nps.gov/App/Portal/Home).
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. role of FLS3 and BSK830 in pattern-triggered immunity in tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604270.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) located on the plant cell surface initiate immune responses by perceiving conserved pathogen molecules known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PRRs typically function in multiprotein complexes that include transmembrane and cytoplasmickinases and contribute to the initiation and signaling of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). An important challenge is to identify molecular components of PRR complexes and downstream signaling pathways, and to understand the molecular mechanisms that mediate their function. In research activities supported by BARD-4931, we studied the role of the FLAGELLIN SENSING 3 (FLS3) PRR in the response of tomato leaves to flagellin-derivedPAMPs and PTI. In addition, we investigated molecular properties of the tomato brassinosteroid signaling kinase 830 (BSK830) that physically interacts with FLS3 and is a candidate for acting in the FLS3 signaling pathway. Our investigation refers to the proposal original objectives that were to: 1) Investigate the role of FLS3 and its interacting proteins in PTI; 2) Investigate the role of BSK830 in PTI; 3) Examine molecular and phosphorylation dynamics of the FLS3-BSK830 interaction; 4) Examine the possible interaction of FLS3 and BSK830 with Pstand Xcveffectors. We used CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to develop plants carrying single or combined mutations in the FLS3 gene and in the paralogsFLS2.1 and FLS2.2 genes, which encode the receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), and analyzed their function in PTI. Domain swapping analysis of the FLS2 and FLS3 receptors revealed domains of the proteins responsible for PAMP detection and for the different ROS response initiated by flgII-28/FLS3 as compared to flg22/FLS2. In addition, in vitro kinase assays and point mutations analysis identified FLS2 and FLS3 domains required for kinase activity and ATP binding. In research activities on tomato BSK830, we found that it interacts with PRRs and with the co-receptor SERK3A and PAMP treatment affects part of these interactions. CRISPR/Cas9 bsk830 mutant plants displayed enhanced pathogen susceptibility and reduced ROS production upon PAMP treatment. In addition, BSK830 interacted with 8 Xanthomonastype III secreted effectors. Follow up analysis revealed that among these effectors XopAE is part of an operon, is translocated into plant cells, and displays E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Our investigation was also extended to other Arabidopsis and tomato BSK family members. Arabidopsis BSK5 localized to the plant cell periphery, interacted with receptor-like kinases, and it was phosphorylatedin vitro by the PEPR1 and EFRPRRs. bsk5 mutant plants displayed enhanced susceptibility to pathogens and were impaired in several, but not all, PAMP-induced responses. Conversely, BSK5 overexpression conferred enhanced disease resistance and caused stronger PTI responses. Genetic complementation suggested that proper localization, kinase activity, and phosphorylation by PRRs are critical for BSK5 function. BSK7 and BSK8 specifically interacted with the FLS2 PRR, their respective mutant plants were more susceptible to B. cinereaand displayed reduced flg22-induced responses. The tomato BSK Mai1 was found to interact with the M3KMAPKKK, which is involved in activation of cell death associated with effector-triggered immunity. Silencing of Mai1 in N. benthamianaplants compromised cell death induced by a specific class of immune receptors. In addition, co-expression of Mai1 and M3Kin leaves enhanced MAPKphosphorylation and cell death, suggesting that Mai1 acts as a molecular link between pathogen recognition and MAPK signaling. Finally, We identified the PP2C phosphatase Pic1 that acts as a negative regulator of PTI by interacting with and dephosphorylating the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase Pti1, which is a positive regulator of plant immunity. The results of this investigation shed new light on the molecular characteristics and interactions of components of the immune system of crop plants providing new knowledge and tools for development of novel strategies for disease control.
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Laughlin, Madison, Natasha Antonova, John Boetsch, Brian Harvey, and Joshua Lawler. Landscape disturbance status and trend analysis report for the North Coast and Cascades Inventory and Monitoring Network, 1987–2017. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2313366.
Full textAbstract:
Disturbance is a key characteristic of landscapes that significantly influences ecosystem functions such as carbon storage, water storage, and nutrient cycling, as well as ecosystem structure and productivity. This report summarizes disturbance patterns and trends for three national parks—North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Olympic National Park, and Mount Rainier National Park—and adjacent federally protected wilderness areas in the Pacific Northwest. We assessed changes greater than 0.8 ha across a 31-year period from 1987 through 2017 as detected using freely available satellite imagery, an automated change detection algorithm, and human review to identify and label disturbance areas in the following categories: Fire, Riparian Change, Avalanche, Defoliation, Mass Movement, Blowdown, Coastal Change, Ice Damage, Development, and Clearing. Fire was the predominant disturbance category for all parks combined, affecting 78% of cumulative disturbed area, followed by Defoliation which affected approximately 12% of total disturbed area. Generalized linear models indicated significant increases of annual disturbed area affected by Fire at Mount Rainier and Olympic National Park. Mean disturbance patch size also increased for Mount Rainier and all park study areas combined. Additionally, the number of Defoliation disturbance events at North Cascades National Park Service Complex and in all park study areas combined increased in the latter half of the study period (2000 to 2017) compared with the first half, as well as annual area affected by Defoliation in the eastern portion of North Cascades. These results, maps, and summaries provide useful baseline information about the frequency, extent, and magnitude of landscape change processes in and adjacent to our parks that can be used for guiding natural resource planning and understanding disturbance patterns in remote wilderness areas.