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Journal articles on the topic 'Ammonia-based aeration control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Schraa, Oliver, Leiv Rieger, Jens Alex, and Ivan Miletić. "Ammonia-based aeration control with optimal SRT control: improved performance and lower energy consumption." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 1 (2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.032.

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Abstract Ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC) is a cascade control concept for controlling total ammonia nitrogen (NHx-N) in the activated sludge process. Its main goals are to tailor the aeration intensity to the NHx-N loading and to maintain consistent nitrification, to meet effluent limits but minimize energy consumption. One limitation to ABAC is that the solids retention time (SRT) control strategy used at a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) may not be consistent with the goals of ABAC. ABAC-SRT control is a strategy for aligning the goals of ammonia-based aeration control and SRT

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2

Schraa, Oliver, Alex Rosenthal, Matthew John Wade, Leiv Rieger, Ivan Miletić, and Jens Alex. "Assessment of aeration control strategies for biofilm-based partial nitritation/anammox systems." Water Science & Technology 81, no. 8 (2020): 1757–65. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.174.

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The objective of this work was to compare the nitrogen removal in mainstream, biofilm-based partial nitritation anammox (PN/A) systems employing (1) constant setpoint dissolved oxygen (DO) control, (2) intermittent aeration, and (3) ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC). A detailed water resource recovery facility (WRRF) model was used to study the dynamic performance of these aeration control strategies with respect to treatment performance and energy consumption. The results show that constant setpoint DO control cannot meet typical regulatory limits for total ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>x</sub

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3

Schraa, O., A. Rosenthal, M. J. Wade, L. Rieger, I. Miletić, and J. Alex. "Assessment of aeration control strategies for biofilm-based partial nitritation/anammox systems." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 8 (2020): 1757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.174.

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Abstract The objective of this work was to compare the nitrogen removal in mainstream, biofilm-based partial nitritation anammox (PN/A) systems employing (1) constant setpoint dissolved oxygen (DO) control, (2) intermittent aeration, and (3) ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC). A detailed water resource recovery facility (WRRF) model was used to study the dynamic performance of these aeration control strategies with respect to treatment performance and energy consumption. The results show that constant setpoint DO control cannot meet typical regulatory limits for total ammonia nitrogen (NHx-

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4

Wett, B., and K. Ingerie. "Feedforward aeration control of a Biocos wastewater treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 3 (2001): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0122.

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The Biocos strategy as a cyclical time controlled activated sludge system shows a great variability in operation and control. One topic such a type of treatment plant has to deal with is the optimum relation between aerobic and anoxic conditions. The aeration control has to adapt the length of the nitrification phases to the current constraints in order to save operational costs and maximise nitrogen elimination. Since wastewater treatment plants up to a certain size are usually not equipped with on-line nitrogen probes, influent flow and temperature can be taken as control parameters for the

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5

Medinilla, Victoria R., Travis Sprague, Jason Marseilles, et al. "Impact of Ammonia-Based Aeration Control (ABAC) on Energy Consumption." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155227.

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An Ammonia-Based Aeration Control (ABAC) system is installed in the primary aeration basins of a regional wastewater treatment facility. The energy consumption of the system of air blowers, measured in kilowatts per hour by an existing meter, is analyzed for seven months after the installation of the ABAC system and compared to system performance prior to commissioning of the ABAC system. Processed data, including volume flow rate, ammonia loading, and treatment equipment efficiency, are evaluated for periods before and after the ABAC system installation. Ammonia mass loading and air transfer

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6

Wankmuller, David, Katya Bilyk, Paul Pitt, et al. "Saving Carbon with SND Using Ammonia Based Aeration Control." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 3 (2017): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864717821494439.

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7

Regmi, Pusker, Ryder Bunce, Mark W. Miller, et al. "Ammonia-based intermittent aeration control optimized for efficient nitrogen removal." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 112, no. 10 (2015): 2060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.25611.

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8

Stewart, Rachel D., Rania Bashar, Carly Amstadt, et al. "Pilot-scale comparison of biological nutrient removal (BNR) using intermittent and continuous ammonia-based low dissolved oxygen aeration control systems." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 2 (2021): 578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.630.

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Abstract Sensor driven aeration control strategies have recently been developed as a means to efficiently carry out biological nutrient removal (BNR) and reduce aeration costs in wastewater treatment plants. Under load-based aeration control, often implemented as ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC), airflow is regulated to meet desired effluent standards without specifically setting dissolved oxygen (DO) targets. Another approach to reduce aeration requirements is to constantly maintain low DO conditions and allow the microbial community to adapt to the low-DO environment. In this study, we

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9

Rieger, Leiv, Richard M. Jones, Peter L. Dold, and Charles B. Bott. "Ammonia-Based Feedforward and Feedback Aeration Control in Activated Sludge Processes." Water Environment Research 86, no. 1 (2014): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143013x13596524516987.

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10

Dabkowski, Bob, Robert Relph, George Wendorf, Kevin Menning, and Melody White. "Modelling Ammonia Based Aeration Control in Real Time with Online Instrumentation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 10 (2017): 2996–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864717822153030.

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11

Liu, Guoqiang, and Jianmin Wang. "Role of Solids Retention Time in Ammonia-Based Feedback Aeration Control." Journal of Environmental Engineering 142, no. 7 (2016): 04016029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001106.

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12

Isaacs, S., and D. Thornberg. "Rule based control of a periodic activated sludge process." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 3 (1998): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0222.

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A rule based control strategy for automatically adjusting phase lengths and aeration intensity for an activated sludge nutrient removal process based on a periodic operation is examined using simulations based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 1. The strategy is based on four criterion functions, two which determine the switching of the roles of two nitrifying/denitrifying reactors and two which adjust the dissolved oxygen setpoint levels in the two reactors as functions of ammonia and nitrate concentrations. Trajectory plots of reactor concentrations in the ammonia-nitrate plane are shown to

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13

Bertanza, G., L. Menoni, and P. Baroni. "Energy saving for air supply in a real WWTP: application of a fuzzy logic controller." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 8 (2020): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.084.

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Abstract An unconventional cascade control system, for the regulation of air supply in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), was tested. The dissolved oxygen (DO) set point in the aeration tank was dynamically calculated based on effluent ammonia concentration, following a fuzzy logic based approach. First, simulations were conducted, according to the BSM2 protocol, for a general comparison with more conventional control strategies. It turned out that the effluent quality could be improved by 7–8%, based on the EQI parameter. Moreover, the aeration energy requirement could be r

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14

Vrečko, D., N. Hvala, and M. Stražar. "The application of model predictive control of ammonia nitrogen in an activated sludge process." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 5 (2011): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.477.

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In this paper a model predictive controller (MPC) for ammonia nitrogen is presented and evaluated in a real activated sludge process. A reduced nonlinear mathematical model based on mass balances is used to model the ammonia nitrogen in the activated sludge plant. An MPC algorithm that minimises only the control error at the end of the prediction interval is applied. The results of the ammonia MPC were compared with the results of the ammonia feedforward-PI and ammonia PI controllers from our previous study. The ammonia MPC and ammonia feedforward-PI controller give better results in terms of

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15

Uprety, Kshitiz, William Balzer, Rick Baumler, Ryan Duke, and Charles Bott. "Implementation of Ammonia-Based Aeration Control (ABAC) at full-scale Wastewater Treatment Plants." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 19 (2015): 5857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819538624.

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16

Uprety, Kshitiz, Amanda Kennedy, William Balzer, Rick Baumler, Ryan Duke, and Charles Bott. "Implementation of Ammonia-Based Aeration Control (ABAC) at full-scale Wastewater Treatment Plants." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 3 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819557902.

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17

Niemann, K., and H. Orth. "Control measures for wastewater treatment plants during storm flow." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 11 (2001): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0696.

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In the context of the development of treatrnent plant control techniques, three measures for maintaining a high efficiency of treatment plants during rainfall events were tested. The three measures are increasing the nitrification volume by operating a facultative aeration, bypassing the primary sedimentation and adding flocculants before secondary sedimentation. Ammonia concentrations and ammonia loads were used in combination with rainfall forecasts as the criteria for putting the measures into operation. A simulation based on the Activated Sludge Model No.1 and a pilot scale plant were used

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18

Wang, Fan, Fang Yang, Hongjie Gao, Yangwei Bai, Haiqing Liao, and Haisheng Li. "Simulation of Denitrification Process of Calcium Nitrate Combined with Low Oxygen Aeration Based on Double Logarithm Mode." Water 14, no. 2 (2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14020269.

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In situ remediation of sediment pollution is an important measure for the treatment of urban black-odorous water. In this study, the process of calcium nitrate dosing and low oxygen aeration was used to repair the sediment of black-odorous water body in a glass container. The variation trend and removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in sediment and overlying water were investigated during the process. By establishing the double logarithm model of calcium nitrate sediment repair process, the change law of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content in sediment under diff

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19

Juan-García, Pau, Mehlika A. Kiser, Oliver Schraa, Leiv Rieger, and Lluís Corominas. "Dynamic air supply models add realism to the evaluation of control strategies in water resource recovery facilities." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 5 (2018): 1104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.356.

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Abstract This paper introduces the application of a fully dynamic air distribution model integrated with a biokinetic process model and a detailed process control model. By using a fully dynamic air distribution model, it is possible to understand the relationships between aeration equipment, control algorithms, process performance, and energy consumption, thus leading to a significantly more realistic prediction of water resource recovery facility (WRRF) performance. Consequently, this leads to an improved design of aeration control strategies and equipment. A model-based audit has been perfo

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20

Isaacs, S. "Automatic adjustment of cycle length and aeration time for improved nitrogen removal in an alternating activated sludge process." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 1 (1997): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0053.

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The paper examines the nitrogen dynamics in the alternating BIODENITRO and BIODENIPHO processes with a focus on two control handles influencing flow scheduling and aeration: the cycle length and the ammonia concentration at which a nitrifying period is terminated. A steady state analysis examining the combined effect of both control handles reveals three conditions which characterize when nitrogen removal is maximized. A dynamic analysis shows that these conditions also apply for a changing ammonia load. This then allows an automatic control strategy for maximizing nitrogen removal to be based

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21

Bilodeau, Kaitlyn, and Viraj deSilva. "Ammonia-Based Aeration Control On-Line Probes to Save Energy Cost and Meet Compliance." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 19 (2015): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819538877.

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22

Anderson, W., G. Budzynski, I. Myers, M. Alvis, Brischke, and Rieger. "Taking Ammonia-Based Aeration Control to the Next Level — Real World Experience and Lessons Learned." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2018, no. 18 (2018): 210–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718825138330.

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23

Carlsson, B., and A. Rehnström. "Control of an activated sludge process with nitrogen removal – a benchmark study." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 4-5 (2002): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0570.

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In this paper, a simulation benchmark of a predenitrifying activated sludge process is used to evaluate a number of control strategies. A main procedure has been to use feedforward terms that are based on simplified physical models. Important mass balance relations may then be incorporated in the control law. The nitrate level in the last anoxic zone is controlled by the dosage of an external carbon source and the nitrate level in the last aerobic zone is controlled by the internal recirculation flow rate. The ammonia level is controlled by a DO set-point controller. In order to be able to hav

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24

Smith, Robert C., Josh Holton, and Jon van Dommelen. "Ammonia-Based Aeration Control of an Oxidation Ditch to Improve Effluent Quality and Reduce Operating Cost." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2018, no. 18 (2018): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718825138358.

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25

Rosenthal, Alex, Oliver Schraa, Leiv Rieger, et al. "Simulation of dissolved oxygen-and ammonia-based aeration control strategies in a mainstream deammonification biofilm process." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2018, no. 7 (2018): 5238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718825138501.

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26

Husin, M. H., M. F. Rahmat, N. A. Wahab, and M. F. M. Sabri. "Improving total nitrogen removal using a neural network ammonia-based aeration control in activated sludge process." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 14, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2021-016.

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27

Regmi, Pusker, Becky Holgate, Dana Fredericks, et al. "Optimization of a mainstream nitritation-denitritation process and anammox polishing." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 4 (2015): 632–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.261.

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This paper deals with an almost 1-year long pilot study of a nitritation-denitritation process that was followed by anammox polishing. The pilot plant treated real municipal wastewater at ambient temperatures. The effluent of high-rate activated sludge process (hydraulic retention time, HRT = 30 min, solids retention time = 0.25 d) was fed to the pilot plant described in this paper, where a constant temperature of 23 °C was maintained. The nitritation-denitritation process was operated to promote nitrite oxidizing bacteria out-selection in an intermittently aerated reactor. The intermittent ae

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28

Hasan, Hassimi Abu, Shahrizan Jamaludin, and Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah. "Aeration Control Based on a Neural Network in a Biological Aerated Filter for Simultaneous Removal of Ammonia and Manganese." Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (2015): 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2015.278.288.

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29

Susanti, Lily, Suyud Warno Utomo, and Noverita Dian Takarina. "Sustainability and feasibility assessments of nanobubble aeration technology in economic-socio environment of Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming." BIO Web of Conferences 33 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213305005.

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Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming in Indonesia is faced with several challenges in the environmental, economic, and social aspects. Therefore, this study aims to assess the benefits of novel nanobubble aeration systems for the ecosystem, businesses, and communities. This is an experimental study conducted by comparing P. vannamei post larva 10 reared at a density of 2000 inds./L in a pond treated with nanobubble and without treatments (control). Furthermore, the Net Present Value (NPV) and payback period were calculated to assess the economic feasibility of nanobubble, while community interviews

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30

AI-Ghusain, Ibrahim A., Jason Huang, Oliver J. Hao, and Bong S. Lim. "USING pH AS A REAL-TIME CONTROL PARAMETER FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND SLUDGE DIGESTION PROCESSES." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (1994): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0182.

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The alternating aerobic-anoxic (AAA) process offers many advantages for wastewater treatment and sludge digestion. Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using pH as a realtime control parameter for this process. Several well defined control points on the pH curve were identified, e.g., ammonia valley and nitrate apex. These points were directly related to the alternating nitrification and denitrification reactions in the process, and were found to be consistent with those previously identified using ORP. Although both pH and ORP can be used as real-time

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31

Brenner, Asher. "Modification of Small Activated Sludge Plants to Recycled Systems for Nitrogen Removal and Control of Settling Properties." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (1990): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0191.

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Modification of small activated sludge plants to recycled systems is proposed as a means to improve nitrogen removal and control of settling properties. The modification process involves separation of the aeration basin to anoxic and aerobic zones and addition of internal recycle of mixed liquor from the aerobic to the anoxic zone. This mode of operation may prevent problems of floating sludge in the final clarifier caused by uncontrolled denitrification. In the recycled system, part of the organic carbon is removed under anoxic conditions. Therefore, it may assist in the selection of microbia

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32

Deng, Weifeng, Litao Wang, Lang Cheng, Wenbo Yang, and Dawen Gao. "Nitrogen Removal from Mature Landfill Leachate via Anammox Based Processes: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020995.

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Mature landfill leachate is a complex and highly polluted effluent with a large amount of ammonia nitrogen, toxic components and low biodegradability. Its COD/N and BOD5/COD ratios are low, which is not suitable for traditional nitrification and denitrification processes. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) is an innovative biological denitrification process, relying on anammox bacteria to form stable biofilms or granules. It has been extensively used in nitrogen removal of mature landfill leachate due to its high efficiency, low cost and sludge yield. This paper reviewed recent advances of

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33

Miller, Mark W., Ryder Bunce, Pusker Regmi, et al. "A/B Process Pilot Optimized for Nitrite Shunt: High Rate Carbon Removal Followed by BNR with Ammonia-Based Cyclic Aeration Control." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 10 (2012): 5808–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811709607.

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34

Adhikari, Bikash, Anmol Parajuli, and Prakash Adhikari. "Study of Ponds in Kathmandu Valley and Analysis of their Present Situation." Historical Journal 12, no. 1 (2020): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hj.v12i1.35438.

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Ponds in Kathmandu were constructed to feed the sub surface aquifers of stone spouts and dug wells at all seasons. The study focuses on how the ponds have been saved, reduced in size or completely lost. The causes behind the degradation of ponds are forces of intervention and disturbances that lead to the loss of the originality, quality and quantity of ponds throughout its timeline. Out of eight existing ponds in the study area, 10 samples were taken from eight different ponds for quality assessment. The historical significances and status, uses as of 2019 are tabulated based on field survey.

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35

Wankmuller, David, Katya Bilyk, Paul Pitt, et al. "Easy as A-B-A-C 1-2-3. Case Studies of Ammonia Based Aeration Control at Multiple Advanced Wastewater Treatment Facilities." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 10 (2017): 2979–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864717822152941.

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36

Kosgey, Kiprotich, and Sammy Lewis Kiambi. "Impact of substrate gradient on start-up of partial nitritation-anammox process." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 335, no. 12 (2024): 210–19. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/12/4566.

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Relevance. Partial nitritation-anammox represents a cost-effective biological nitrogen removal that has a lot of potential as an alternative process to conventional nitrification/denitrification. However, the sensitivity of the process to operating and environmental conditions limits its widespread application. Aim. To study the impact of substrate gradient on the start-up of partial nitritation-anammox in continuously stirred tank reactor and plug-flow up-flow reactor. Methodology. Modified activated sludge model number 1 (ASM 1) in MATLAB environment was implemented. Time-based aeration cont

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37

Steen, Carsten, Søren Eriksen, Per Henrik Nielsen, Tim Constantine, Julian Sandino, and Adrienne Willoughby. "The Prius of the Racetrack: 15 Years of Successful Ammonia-based Aeration Control at an Advanced BNR Secondary Treatment Plant Achieving Net Zero Energy." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2017, no. 10 (2017): 2970–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864717822153067.

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38

Lee, H., K. M. Lee, C. H. Park, and Y. H. Park. "Application of remote monitoring and automatic control system using neural network for small wastewater treatment plants in Korea." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 10 (2005): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0373.

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For this study, an automatic control system has been developed by using a neural network and internet-based remote monitoring system for efficient operation of plants that have a serious variance of influent loading and have difficulties in appropriate maintenance, just like small wastewater treatment plants in Korea. In the control algorithm, ORP was used as the main sensor for control. At the point where the ORP value was judged to reach the “nitrate knee” of denitrification and phosphorus release, ORP indicated the state of lower saturation read by the neural network and then changed the op

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39

Kim, Chang, Song Go, Byol Jon, Song U, and Kwang To. "Optimization of Ammonia Removal in the Initial Phase of Biofloc System by RSM and Application of Maize Hydrolysate in BFT Based Culture of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 10, no. 1 (2025): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bmb.20251001.12.

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In this study, the initial phase of biofloc system was investigated and the main controllable factors were optimized by RSM. Maize hydrolysate was used as carbon source for the first time and &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt; was added to a biofloc system as inoculum. Optimal condition was set at 17 of C/N ratio, 13mg/L of nitrogen concentration and 60 L/min•m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; of aeration in practice. After scaling the optimal condition up to circular tank with volume of 30 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, the biofloc system was successfully

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40

Friedman, Liron, Kartik Chandran, Dror Avisar, Edris Taher, Amanda Kirchmaier-Hurpia, and Hadas Mamane. "Accelerating Microbial Activity of Soil Aquifer Treatment by Hydrogen Peroxide." Energies 15, no. 11 (2022): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113852.

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Soil aquifer treatment (SAT), as a gravity-based wastewater reuse process, is limited by oxygen availability to the microbial community in the soil. Using oxygen from enzymatic degradation of H2O2 to generate hyper-oxygen conditions can exceed solubility limitations associated with aeration, but little is known about the effect of hyper-oxygen conditions on the microbial community and the dominant bio-reactions. This study examined the impact of H2O2 addition on the community structure and process performance, along with SAT depth. Overall, two soil columns were incrementally fed synthetic sec

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41

Charpentier, J., H. Godart, G. Martin, and Y. Mogno. "Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) Regulation as a Way to Optimize Aeration and C, N and P Removal: Experimental Basis and Various Full-Scale Examples." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (1989): 1209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0320.

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The control of aeration by measuring the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of activated sludge, conducted at the YFFINIAC (West of France) sewage plant in 1983, showed this type of regulation to be attractive in that it can optimize energy costs and perfect the removal of carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollutants (CHARPENTIER et al, 1987). From a practical point of view, this new, inexpensive means of regulation has moreover proved easier to implement than the method based on measuring Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.). Before implementingthis process, we undertoook a pilot study that enabled us to make

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42

Jardin, N., and J. Hennerkes. "Full-scale experience with the deammonification process to treat high strength sludge water – a case study." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 3 (2012): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.867.

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More stringent effluent criteria with regard to nitrogen calls for improved nutrient removal techniques in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Besides optimisation of the liquid treatment train of the plants, attention has increasingly centred on the problem of return flows from sludge treatment. One of the most recent developments aimed at the reduction of this nitrogen load is deammonification which has been used at one of Ruhrverband's plants since 2002 by applying a moving bed system. To gain additional experience in operating this process, another full scale plant was modified in 2007 by

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Gurung, Shailesh, Sunila Rai, Dilip Kumar Jha, Ram Bhajan Mandal, and Himal Luitel. "Preliminary Study on the Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Biofloc Fish Farming." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 38, no. 1 (2024): 176–86. https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v38i1.73453.

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Globally, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most farmed fish with a significant contribution in improving local livelihoods, particularly in developing countries. A trial on the growth performance of tilapia in biofloc system was conducted at IAAS, Paklihawa Campus, Bhairahawa, Nepal from 6th July, 2022 to 31st Sept. 2022 upto 90 days. Altogether 15 circular polytank of 500 liter water capacity each were used to conduct the trial with stocking density of 50 fish (0.5 m3). Continuous aeration was supplied by 1 Hp ring blower connected to each tank to facilitate the dissolved ox

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Thornberg, Dines E., Marinus Nielsen, and Jöran Eriksson. "Upgrading of Borås wastewater treatment plant based on intelligent process and operation control." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 9 (1998): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0340.

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Borås wastewater treatment plant is being upgraded to comply with the new effluent standards for nitrogen. Three different configurations have been tested in parallel in full scale in the existing activated sludge plant. The Biodenitro operated line showed the best performance because of the flexible adjustment of the nitrification and denitrification capacity. The adjustment was made off-line with the aid of continuous ammonia and nitrate measurements. On-line sensors are now installed permanently at Borås wastewater treatment plant and will be used for on-line dynamic control of the nitrogen

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Cao, Jiashun, Jinyu Wang, and Runze Xu. "Mainstream Wastewater Treatment Process Based on Multi-Nitrogen Removal Under New Anaerobic–Swing–Anoxic–Oxic Model." Water 17, no. 10 (2025): 1548. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101548.

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The Anaerobic–Swing Aerobic–Anoxic–Oxic (ASAO) process was developed to tackle problems such as temperature sensitivity during the Anaerobic–Oxic–Anoxic (AOA) process. By introducing a swing zone (S zone) with adjustable dissolved oxygen (DO), during the 112-day experimentation period, the ASAO system achieved removal rates of 88.18% for total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), 78.23% for total phosphorus (TP), and 99.78% for ammonia nitrogen. Intermittent aeration effectively suppressed nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate exceeded 90%, with 60% being tra

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Choudhury, Atun Roy. "Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Sciences 1, no. 1 (2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55124/jtes.v1i1.35.

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The quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is escalating at an alarming rate with every passing year alongside the modernization of our economy. Unfortunately, the majority of this waste remains uncollected or ends up in open dumping and followed by uncontrolled burning. Citing the deep-rooted consequences, open dumping should be absolutely abandoned and scientific interventions should be aggressively exercised to reclaim the municipal brownfields. The present research work undertook the judicial task of assessing the comparative feasibility of biomining and scientific capping as a

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Budzynski, Gregory. "Total ammonia aeration control (TAAC) theory – An innovative ammonia-based aeration controller." AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, February 16, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.209.

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Abstract Water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) need optimized and robust solutions to ensure efficient and reliable operation for this critical environmental service. Secondary treatment aeration control is a prime example as the activated sludge treatment process consumes the largest amount of energy for WRRFs, which require oxygen to biologically remove the ammonia content through nitrification. The selected control strategy will directly impact system efficiency and ability to maintain discharge permit compliance levels. The use of an ammonia-based aeration controller has two major ben

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Chang, Cheng-Nan, Li-Ling Lee, Han-Hsien Huang, and Ying-Chih Chiu. "Nitrogen Removal in a Real-Time Controlled Sequencing Batch Membrane Bioreactor." Water Practice and Technology 5, no. 3 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2010.065.

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The performance of a real-time controlled Sequencing Batch Membrane Bioreactor (SBMBR) for removing organic matter and nitrogen from synthetic wastewater has been investigated in this study under two specific ammonia loadings of 0.0086 and 0.0045g NH4+-N gVSS−1 day−1. Laboratory results indicate that both COD and DOC removal are greater than 97.5% (w/w) but the major benefit of using membrane for solid-liquid separation is that the effluent can be decanted through the membrane while aeration is continued during the draw stage. With a continued aeration, the sludge cake layer is prevented from

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Singh, Bhim, and Shivangi Jain. "Optimization of Control Structures in Wastewater Treatment Plants for Enhanced Efficiency." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE, January 28, 2025, 15–27. https://doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v11i1.538.

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: Wastewater Treatment Plants are crucial because they are ensuring environmental sustainability through effective wastewater treatment before discharge or reuse. Nevertheless, the power of these plants is compromised by aspects such as high energy usage, operational costs, and environmental problems like greenhouse gas production and sludge toxicity. This study will address optimization in the WWTP control structure by strengthening efficiency while observing minimum effluent quality compliant with regulatory necessities. By employing advanced control strategies such as real-time monitoring,

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Batool, Masooma, Laila Shahzad, and Arifa Tahir. "Review on municipal wastewater to energy generation; a favorable approach for developing countries." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, November 29, 2023, 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jener.23.00019.

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The current study focuses on understanding municipal wastewater constituents and assessing technological options to harness the energy content of wastewater in developing countries. There are numerous research studies related to water treatment technologies and wastewater energy value. However, it remains to be seen which perspectives actually make technology adoption feasible. This study explores and presents the potential for some viable and innovative municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) systems as a paradigm shift towards resource recovery, energy neutrality, and the production of r

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