Journal articles: 'Ammonia/water'

1

ISHIDA, Kenji, Issa MAHMOUD, and Masanori MONDE. "Ammonia vapor absorption into ammonia-water mixture." Proceedings of thermal engineering conference 2002 (2002): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeptec.2002.0_435.

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Kim, Hahn, and Han Myoung Lee. "Ammonia−Water Cation and Ammonia Dimer Cation." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113, no. 25 (June 25, 2009): 6859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp903093a.

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3

Dobeš, Josef, and Milada Kozubková. "Modelling of Cavitation of Wash-Out Water, Ammonia Water, Ammonia Water with Increased Content Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulphide, Tar Condensate." Transactions of the VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Mechanical Series 59, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22223/tr.2013-2/1955.

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Trypuć, Mieczysław, and Katarzyna Białowicz. "Solubility of NH4VO3in Water + Ammonia." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 42, no. 2 (March 1997): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je960259q.

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5

Abovsky, V. "Thermodynamics of ammoniawater mixture." Fluid Phase Equilibria 116, no. 1-2 (March 1996): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(95)02884-6.

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6

Goncharova, N. V., E. A. Nikitina, V. D. Khavryuchenko, and E. F. Sheka. "Computational chemistry of the silicon nitride surface. 1. Water, ammonia, and water-ammonia complex." Journal of Structural Chemistry 36, no. 1 (January 1995): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02577749.

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Salavera, Daniel, Simona Libotean, Kashinath R. Patil, Xavier Esteve, and Alberto Coronas. "Densities and Heat Capacities of the Ammonia + Water + NaOH and Ammonia + Water + KOH Solutions." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 51, no. 3 (May 2006): 1020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je050512z.

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Yamaguchi, Masakuni, Tomoyuki Ichikawa, Hikaru Miyaoka, Tengfei Zhang, Hiroki Miyaoka, and Yoshitsugu Kojima. "Proton-based solid acids for ammonia absorption in ammonia water." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 41 (August 2020): 22189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.05.255.

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9

Rollinson, Andrew N., Gavin L. Rickett, Amanda Lea-Langton, Valerie Dupont, and Martyn V. Twigg. "Hydrogen from urea–water and ammonia–water solutions." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 106, no. 3-4 (August 2011): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.05.031.

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10

Ankley, G. T., M. K. Schubauer-Berigan, and P. D. Monson. "Influence of pH and hardness on toxicity of ammonia to the amphipod Hyalella azteca." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 2078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-801.

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The amphipod Hyalella azteca is frequently used for freshwater sediment tests throughout North America. A common potential toxicant in sediments is ammonia. Our objective was to characterize the influence of two key water quality variables, pH and hardness, on toxicity of ammonia to the amphipod. Ninety-six hour, water-only exposures of H. azteca to ammonia were conducted using three different water types with hardnesses of 42, 100, and 270 mg/L as CaCO3 and three levels of pH (ca. 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5). In the soft water, toxicity of total ammonia was constant across test pH. As water hardness increased, toxicity of ammonia (on a total basis) to the amphipod decreased and became more pH dependent. Our data suggest that in softer water the amphipod was quite sensitive to the ionized (NH4+) form of ammonia. This contrasts with most other species that have been tested, which typically are more sensitive to un-ionized (NH3) ammonia than to NH4+. These data provide baseline values for interpreting the possible contribution of ammonia to sediment toxicity in tests conducted with H. azteca and also indicate that in some situations NH4+ may be important in determining ammonia toxicity.

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Yanping, Dong, Fu Lei, and Wang Lihui. "Comprehensive Utilization of Ammonia-containing Exhaust Gas in Soda Ash Chemical Plants." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913605005.

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Industrial chemical plants of soda ash mainly adopted the ammonia-soda production process and the combined process (Hou's process for soda manufacture), during which the mother liquor was recycled and the exhaust gas purified and recovered, realizing continuous manufacturing. However, in practical operation, there was still a small amount of fugitive ammonia emitted during storage and transport of materials. To improve the environment, an idea of using ammonia-containing exhaust gas for process improvement was introduced: collecting the ammonia-containing exhaust gas, extract some of the thin liquid from the circulating mother liquor for preparation of pure water, from which the concentrate return to the mother liquor circulation system and the pure water for absorption of the ammonia-containing gas; dilute ammonia water that took in the ammonia-containing gas and the feedstock ammonia were again used for preparation of ammonia water for industrial use, which, at the service of the boiler desulfurizing installations of the enterprise, helped achieve internal energy saving and emission reduction.

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12

Wright, P. A., G. K. Iwama, and C. M. Wood. "AMMONIA AND UREA EXCRETION IN LAHONTAN CUTTHROAT TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKI HENSHAWI) ADAPTED TO THE HIGHLY ALKALINE PYRAMID LAKE (pH 9.4)." Journal of Experimental Biology 175, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175.1.153.

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Earlier studies have reported that acute exposure to alkaline pH strongly inhibits ammonia excretion in freshwater rainbow trout, but the Lahontan cutthroat trout thrives in Pyramid Lake, Nevada, at pH 9.4. We investigated the rates and mechanisms of ammonia and urea excretion in this species in Pyramid Lake water to determine whether special strategies are employed to excrete nitrogenous wastes in an environment unfavourable for ammonia excretion. The majority of nitrogen wastes (N-wastes) were excreted as ammonia (56 % through the gills, 10 % through the kidney), while urea excretion accounted for 34 % (32 % gills, 2 % kidney). Ammonia excretion was dependent on the NH3 partial pressure gradient (deltaPNH3) across the gills and independent of Na+ influx and acidification of the gill water boundary layer. Acute exposure to more alkaline water (pH 10) decreased ammonia excretion by 52 %, while exposure to neutral water (pH 7.6) increased ammonia excretion by 200 %. When fish were held in a ‘closed system’ for 8 h, ammonia excretion decreased as water ammonia levels increased over the first 6 h. However, after 6 h a marked increase in ammonia excretion occurred which may have been associated with an increase in the PNH3 gradient and/or activation of a carrier-mediated transporter. We conclude that Lahontan cutthroat trout, adapted to pH 9.4 water, maintain N-waste excretion by modifying mechanisms common to other teleosts. These modifications include lower rates of ammonia excretion, a higher ratio of urea excretion to ammonia excretion, a higher rate of renal ammonia excretion, greater plasma pH and greater total ammonia level (increased plasma PNH3), which facilitate the diffusive excretion of NH3 across the gills, and a lack of dependence of ammonia excretion on Na+ influx.

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13

Kini, Girish, and Srinivas Garimella. "Surfactant-enhanced ammonia-water bubble absorption." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 187 (May 2022): 122520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.122520.

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14

Sundén, A. E. K., K. Støchkel, P. Hvelplund, S. Brøndsted Nielsen, B. Dynefors, and K. Hansen. "Stabilities of protonated water-ammonia clusters." Journal of Chemical Physics 148, no. 18 (May 14, 2018): 184306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5023620.

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15

Loeffler, M. J., U. Raut, and R. A. Baragiola. "Radiation chemistry in ammonia-water ices." Journal of Chemical Physics 132, no. 5 (February 7, 2010): 054508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3308484.

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16

Zheng, Weijun, David Jewitt, and Ralf I. Kaiser. "INFRARED SPECTRA OF AMMONIA-WATER ICES." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 181, no. 1 (February 19, 2009): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/181/1/53.

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17

Gordon, R., and P. Schuepp. "Water-manure interactions on ammonia volatilization." Biology and Fertility of Soils 18, no. 3 (1994): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00647673.

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18

Malloum, Alhadji, and Jeanet Conradie. "Water-ammonia and water-acetonitrile proton transfer free energy." Journal of Molecular Liquids 318 (November 2020): 114300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114300.

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19

Asih, Eka Nurrahema Ning, Ary Giri Dwi Kartika, Makhfud Efendy, Kartika Dewi, Bahri Fadloli, and Arya Galin Fakhrul Islami Zain. "Concentration of Ammonia Pollution in Madura Traditional Salt Production Water." Omni-Akuatika 18, S1 (April 18, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2022.18.s1.980.

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Ammonia (NH3) is one of the impurities in salt-producing water, which is often found in the traditional salt ponds of the Madurese. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of ammonia contamination as an impurity in salt production process water from raw water, reservoir ponds, evaporator ponds to geomembrane crystallizer ponds when salt production takes place in the salt ponds of Tanjungan Village, Bangkalan Regency. Determination of ammonia concentration using the phenate method based on SNI 06-6989.30-2005 with a spectrophotometer reading tool (UV-2700 Serial No. A11674900027) at a wavelength of 420 nm. The average concentration of ammonia as an impurity in raw materials in traditional pond ponds in Tajungan village, namely raw water is 2.31Â±0.24 mg/L, reservoir ponds are 2.56Â±0.57 mg/L, evaporator ponds are 2, 39Â±0.84 mg/L and the geomembrane crystallizer ponds are 1.37Â±0.09 mg/L. The highest average ammonia concentration was found in the reservoir ponds raw saltwater sample, while the lowest concentration was found in the geomembrane crystallizer ponds sample. The high average ammonia concentration in the salt ponds of Tajungan Village, Bangkalan Regency indicates that all raw saltwater in these ponds is contaminated with ammonia. The high concentration of ammonia in the salt ponds may be due to the entry of household waste.Â Keywords: (NH3), raw water, reservoir ponds, evaporation ponds, geomembrane crystallizer ponds

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20

Hofmann, R., S. Larcher, and R. Andrews. "Effect of several natural water constituents on bromate formation during ozonation." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0210.

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Synthetic water matrices containing ammonia, bicarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, and natural organic matter were studied to identify the effects of these compounds (individually and in combination) on bromate formation. Ammonia alone was observed to significantly reduce bromate formation through the sequestering of brominated intermediates as bromamines. Natural organic matter reacted quickly with bromamines, which could impair the ability of ammonia to block bromate formation. Bicarbonate was observed to generally promote bromate formation in otherwise pure water, but bicarbonate worked synergistically with ammonia to reduce bromate formation by a greater factor than ammonia alone, due to OH radical scavenging. Experiments showed that hydrogen peroxide lowered the effectiveness of ammonia to block bromate formation.

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21

Ciesielska, Aleksandra, Wojciech Ciesielski, Henryk Kołoczek, Damian Kulawik, Joanna Kończyk, Zdzislaw Oszczęda, and Piotr Tomasik. "Structure and some physicochemical and functional properties of water treated under ammonia with low-temperature low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (September 26, 2020): 1195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0166.

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AbstractDeionized, tap and two kinds of commercially available mineralized water, after supplementation with ammonia, were treated with low-pressure, low-temperature glow plasma (GP) of low frequency. Treating hard water with ammonia provided the removal of permanent and temporary water hardness already at room temperature. On such treatment, mineralized water supplemented with ammonia was partly demineralized. Precipitated rhombohedral deposit from hard water did not turn into scale even when maintained in suspension for 3 days at around 90°C. In such manner, the use of other chemicals for prevention from the scale formation and/or for the scale removal is entirely dispensable. The rate and yield of precipitation depended on the concentration of admixed ammonia and the GP treatment time. Ammonia served as a ligand of calcium, magnesium and ferric central atoms of corresponding salts constituting the hardness. Moreover, ammonia constituting the atmosphere of the treatment was arrested inside aqueous clathrates. So, stabilized ammonia solutions could potentially be utilized as an environmental-friendly nitrogen fertilizer. The precipitate could also be utilized for the same purpose.

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Rahaman-Noronha, E., M. Donnell, C. Pilley, and P. Wright. "Excretion and distribution of ammonia and the influence of boundary layer acidification in embryonic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 2713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.12.2713.

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This study examined ammonia excretion by embryos of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The distribution of ammonia in relation to the H+ distribution and electrical potential was determined. The influence of the pH of the unstirred layer (USL) of water next to the external surface of the embryo was also assessed. Eyed-up embryos (3540 days post-fertilization) were exposed to various external water conditions [pH 6.0, pH 10.0, 1.6 mmol l-1 NaCl, 0.0 mmol l-1 NaCl, 0.2 mmol l-1 NH4Cl, 2.5 mmol l-1 borax buffer (Na2B4O7.10H2O), 2.5 mmol l-1 Hepes, 0.1 mmol l-1 amiloride] for 30 min and ammonia excretion rates, ammonia concentration in the perivitelline fluid (PVF) and yolk, and the pH of the PVF, yolk and USL were measured. The rate of ammonia excretion was dependent, in part, on the partial pressure gradient of NH3 ( PNH3) from the PVF to the USL. Exposure to water of pH 6 increased, whereas NH4Cl or pH 10 exposure decreased, ammonia excretion rates. Elevated external Na+ levels also influenced the rate of ammonia excretion, but neither Na+-free water nor amiloride had any effect. The distribution of ammonia between the PVF and USL was dependent on the H+ distribution, but ammonia was distributed according to the electrical potential between the PVF and yolk. The USL was 0.32 pH units more acidic than the bulk water. Addition of buffer to the external water eliminated the acid USL and decreased ammonia excretion rates. We conclude that rainbow trout embryos excrete ammonia primarily as NH3, but when external Na+ levels are elevated, ammonia excretion may be independent of the PNH3 gradient. The acidic USL next to the chorion probably facilitates NH3 diffusion by maintaining the PNH3 through the conversion of NH3 to NH4+ upon entry into the USL.

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23

Lamas Galdo, María Isabel, Laura Castro-Santos, and Carlos G. Rodriguez Vidal. "Numerical Analysis of NOx Reduction Using Ammonia Injection and Comparison with Water Injection." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020109.

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This work analyzes NOx reduction in a marine diesel engine using ammonia injection directly into the cylinder and compares this procedure with water injection. A numerical model based on the so-called inert species method was applied. It was verified that ammonia injection can provide almost 80% NOx reduction for the conditions analyzed. Furthermore, it was found that the effectiveness of the chemical effect using ammonia is extremely dependent on the injection timing. The optimum NOx reduction was obtained when ammonia is injected during the expansion stroke, while the optimum injection timing using water is near top dead center. Chemical, thermal, and dilution effects of both ammonia and water injection were compared. The chemical effect was dominant in the case of ammonia injection. On the other hand, water injection reduces NOx through dilution and, more significantly, through a thermal effect.

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Amar, Ibrahim A., and Mohammed M. Ahwidi. "Synthesis of Ammonia Directly from Air and Water via a Single-Chamber Reactor Using Lanthanum Chromite-Based Composite as an Electrocatalyst." Nano Hybrids and Composites 32 (April 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.32.35.

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Carbon-free electrosynthesis of ammonia using water (H2 source) and air (N2 source) is promising technology to reduce the global CO2 emission resulting from the industrial ammonia production process (Haber-Bosch). In this study, electrocatalysis activity of non-noble metal perovskite-based catalyst (La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Fe0.5O3-δ-Ce0.8Gd0.18Ca0.02O2-δ, LSCrF-CGDC) for ammonia synthesis directly from air and water was explored. Ammonia was successfully from wet air (3%H2O) synthesized in a single-chamber type reactor. The highest ammonia formation rate and Faradaic efficiency of about 1.94×10-11 mol s-1 cm-2 and 2.01% were achieved at 375 oC and 1.2 V, respectively. The observed ammonia formation rate is higher than reported for an expensive noble metal-based catalyst (Ru/MgO). The obtained results indicated that the direct synthesis of ammonia from air and water is a promising technology for green and sustainable ammonia synthesis.

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Wu, Yun Long, Kai Du, Liu Yang, Shuai Yang Bao, and Wen Ji E. "Experimental Study on Dispersion Stability of Rutile TiO₂ Nano-Particles Suspension of Ammonia-Water Solution." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.587.

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In order to apply nanofluids to ammonia-water absorption refrigeration, several groups of nanofluids mixing with rutile TiO2(r-TiO2) and ammonia-water were perpared by an optimizing method. Observation tests were carried out to investigate the effects of the kind and mass fraction of dispersant, mass fraction of ammonia-water basefluid and durations of supersonic vibration on the dispersion stability of nanofluids. The results show that, all three factors have influences on the dispersion. The optimal dispersing condition of 0.1wt% r-TiO2 nanofluids was 0.1% of PAA in 25% ammonia water basefluid with 10 minutes of ultrasonic vibration.

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Zamzari, Nur Zalilah, Murizah Kassim, and Marina Yusoff. "Analysis and Development of IoT-based Aqua Fish Monitoring System." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae1022_20.

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Water quality is critical in fish farming activities, where criteria must be measured to ensure water quality. Unwanted amounts of water quality factors will affect aquatic life. It has been discovered that some breeders fail to maintain their ponds, causing water quality to worsen and affecting fish hibernation and mortality. Manual pond water quality testing was ineffective and time-consuming, causing the water quality to suffer. This study created a fishpond IoT system to monitor a pond's water quality, temperature, pH level, and ammonia toxicity. A real-time data analytics platform was created to collect data from the water temperature, pH level, and toxicity of ammonia sensors embedded into the IoT system. The NodeMCU ESP32 controller was used to process the data collected from all sensors, and real-time data may be viewed via mobile devices using the Blynk application. Three sensors are embedded to the system which are an ammonia gas sensor, an analog pH sensor, and a temperature probe sensor. As a result, a mobile fishpond monitoring system has been successfully created. The study reveals that the ammonia level is low at 0.021 ppm, the average temperature is 27.02°C, and the pH level is almost neutral at 6.85. It has been determined that the ammonia level is safe for fish hibernation. Temperature and pH had little effect on ammonia levels, while temperature and pH have a high association. This research is essential because it assists fish breeders in improving pond water quality, which supports aquatic life production and health. Keywords—water quality monitoring, ammonia, Internet of Things, ESP32, pH, temperature

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27

Al-Ajeel, Sarah, Emilie Spasov, Laura A. Sauder, Michelle M. McKnight, and Josh D. Neufeld. "Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and complete ammonia-oxidizing Nitrospira in water treatment systems." Water Research X 15 (May 2022): 100131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100131.

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28

Issa, M., K. Ishida, and M. Monde. "MASS AND HEAT TRANSFERS DURING ABSORPTION OF AMMONIA INTO AMMONIA WATER MIXTURE." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 29, no. 6 (August 2002): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1933(02)00368-8.

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Paul, Sandip, and Amalendu Chandra. "Liquid-vapor interfacial properties of water-ammonia mixtures: Dependence on ammonia concentration." Journal of Chemical Physics 123, no. 17 (November 2005): 174712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2107428.

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Fernández-Seara, José, and Jaime Sieres. "The importance of the ammonia purification process in ammonia–water absorption systems." Energy Conversion and Management 47, no. 13-14 (August 2006): 1975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2005.09.002.

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Mahmoud, Issa, Kenji Ishida, and Masanori Monde. "Analysis of ammonia vapor absorption into ammonia water mixtures: mass diffusion flux." Heat and Mass Transfer 41, no. 10 (June 8, 2005): 875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-004-0583-8.

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32

Zilfa, Zulfarman, and Hariyanti. "PENENTUAN TINGKAT KANDUNGAN AMONIAK, NITRIT, DAN NITRAT PADA REMBESAN SAMPAH LOKASI PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (LPA) AIR DINGIN KOTA PADANG." Jurnal Riset Kimia 5, no. 2 (March 17, 2012): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v5i2.223.

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Determination of amoniac, nitrite, and nitrate content in seepage waste water in landfill area in cold water, Padang have been done using spectrophotometric method. Sample took from sequencing ofseepage waste water treatment process. The results showed that the ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate content in seepage waste water were 137.612 to 400.298 mg/ L, 0.34 to 0.756 mg/ L, and 0.682 to5.842 mg/ L, respectively. The differences of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate content in seepage waste water and ammonia and nitrite contents tend to decrease while the nitrate content tends to increase. The rate of ammonia degradation in water seepage was different for each sampling place where the rate of degradation was greatest in seepage water waste treatment II. This degradation is expected to reduce the level of pollution on the environment.

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Gong, Y. L., C. Luo, and W. B. Ma. "Thermodynamic Performance of Ammonia Water Power Cycle (AWPC)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 1061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.1061.

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This paper introduces the ammonia water power cycle and presents the cycle performance criteria such as net power output, net power energy per ton of geothermal water, heat efficiency and heat exchanger area of per net power. The cycle influencing factors such as ammonia concentration, solution circulation ratio and hot water temperature are analyzed. Results show that there is an optimum range of ammonia concentration and solution circulation ratio. The power system exploits a new way for utilizing the mid-low temperature heat resource efficiently.

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Shi, Jianchao, Lianxiang Wang, Yongrui Yang, and Tinglin Huang. "Effects of Seasonal Thermal Stratification on Ammonia Nitrogen Transformation in a Source Water Reservoir." Processes 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122218.

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Seasonal thermal stratification has a significant impact on water quality. In this paper, the variation of vertical distribution of ammonia nitrogen in a source water reservoir was studied, on the base of field monitoring data. The dominant factor of the variation in ammonia nitrogen is the anaerobic environment caused by the seasonal thermal stratification, which leads to the degradation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the sediments. To determine the rates of ammonia accumulation, an in situ experimental chamber was used. The results showed that, before the formation of thermal stratification in the reservoir, sediments in the bottom of the water have a high tendency to release ammonia; the rates of ammonia accumulation in the overlying water are 40.31–111.41 mg·m−2·d−1. However, thermal stratification causes changes in the physical and chemical properties of the sediment and reduction in the degradability of the nitrogen-containing compound in the sediment. The rates of ammonia accumulation (39.44–44.65 mg·m−2·d−1) after thermal stratification are lower than before. Considering the water pollution hazards caused by seasonal thermal stratification, it is necessary to take corresponding emergency response measures to cope with the possibility of water pollution risk.

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Zhang, Hua, Mei Yu Chen, Jian Chun Zhang, and Zhan Wei Tang. "Effect of Different Ways of Ammonia Removal on the Fine Structure and Properties of Hemp Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.91.

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Liquid ammonia treatment can improve the properties of a hemp fiber and widen its application in textiles. This study investigated the effects of different ways of NH3 removal on the fine structure and properties of hemp fibers, including thermal property and dyeing behaviour. It was found that, of the three ways of ammonia removal, removal of ammonia with glacial acetic acid resulted in the highest transition of cellulose Ⅰinto cellulose Ⅲ and removal ammonia with water resulted in the lowest transition of cellulose Ⅰinto cellulose Ⅲ. Removal of ammonia with water also resulted in better thermal stability and higher dye uptake than the other ways of ammonia removal. Of the three ways of ammonia removal, removal of ammonia by evaporation resulted in the lowest dye uptake.

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Nurdin, M. Ilham, Arifah Sukasri, and Jeanne Dewi Damayanti. "Adsorption of Ammonia in Wastewater Using Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes) Powder with The Assistance of Bio Balls." Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering 7, no. 2 (August 17, 2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.76073.

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Abstract. Water pollution can be caused by the discharge of domestic wastewater containing contaminants. Ammonia is a water pollutant that has a bad impact because it can cause an unpleasant pungent odor and can inhibit or stop the growth of aquatic organisms because it interferes with oxygen binding, changes pH and affects enzymatic reactions and membrane stability in aquatic organisms. This research treats domestic wastewater contaminated with ammonia by means of adsorption using water hyacinth powder. In order to reduce ammonia contaminants in domestic wastewater. This study used a quantitative method which included the acclimatization stage, preliminary test, water hyacinth powder production, adsorption process, ammonia content analysis. The results showed that the use of water hyacinth powder in the most efficient adsorption process was 8 grams of water hyacinth powder and 60 bioballs in 10 liters of wastewater with a decrease in ammonia content of 93.47% for 24 hours. With the bioremediation process ratio, the ammonia content in wastewater can be reduced from 4.810 ppm to 0.314 ppm. Keywords:Adsorption, Domestic Wastewater, Ammonia, Water Hyacinth Powder

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Uhl, W., and R. Gimbel. "Dynamic modeling of ammonia removal at low temperatures in drinking water rapid filters." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 4-5 (February 1, 2000): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0445.

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In drinking water production from surface water raw water quality is subject to major changes. In the case studied here, ammonia concentration varies between 0.05 and 4.2 mg/l. While at high temperatures effective ammonia removal is no problem at low temperatures ammonia breakthrough at the rapid filters can be observed. It was hypothesised that ammonia breakthrough mainly is a dynamic problem. A model was developed which takes into account the dynamic changes of attached nitrifiers due to growth, death and deposition of bacteria from the liquid phase. Backwashing was taken into account. The dynamic simulation showed that the model well describes the dynamic behaviour of the rapid filters with respect to ammonia removal over a period of one year.

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Said, N. I., W. Widayat, S. Yudo, M. A. Kholiq, and Setiyono. "Removal of ammonia in raw water taken from Surabaya river using biofiltration process." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 963, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012045.

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Abstract Research on the removal of ammonia in raw water taken from the Surabaya river has been carried out. The study was conducted by operating a biofilter pilot plant consisting of lamella type-sedimentation tanks and biofilter reactors filled with honeycomb type-plastic media. The results of the study showed that the biofilter process which consists of sedimentation tanks and biofilter reactors can reduce turbidity, ammonia, and nitrite inside raw water. Generally, the longer the retention time in the biofilter pilot plant is, the greater the efficiency is in eliminating turbidity, ammonia, and nitrite in the raw water. With the total retention time of 81 minutes in the biofilter test model, the efficiency of turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite was 33.83%, 57.84%, 16.40%, and 59.41%, respectively. Based on the results of the research above, it was found that with the ammonia load of 1 until 5 gr/m3. Hours (24 until 120 gr/m3.day), it efficiently reduced the ammonia compounds by 30%-50%. In the chlorination process, chlorine compounds can react with ammonia compounds in the raw water, so by decreasing the concentration of ammonia, the consumption of chlorine will be reduced, resulting in lower production costs. With the reduced use of chlorine compounds, the potential formation of micropollutant compounds due to the chlorination process will also be reduced.

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Liu, Qiong Qiong, Xin Tan, and Lin Zhao. "Experimental Study on the Ammonium Ion-Exchange Material and its Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Water." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1558.

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Washed kaolin produced in Maoming, Guangzhou was used as the raw material and NaOH and NaAlO2were used as the modifiers to prepare a high-performance deaminating material by providing kaolin with sodium-type exchange groups through modification and calcination. Then the ammonia ion exchange capacity of this material was studied by means of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) determination. Research has also been done on the conditions for the preparation of this material, the factors that influence the result of the removal of ammonia nitrogen from water by this material, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of this material. In this study , an extruding-rounding process to make the powder material into 1-2mm grains and studied the forming process of the grains. Research results show that: The ammonia exchange capacity of the prepared material was greater than 70 mg NH4+-N/g. Laboratory static ammonia nitrogen experiment showed that the high-performance ammonia deaminating material could remove 90% of the ammonia nitrogen from water and were qualified for the removal of ammonia nitrogen in water treatment processes. Through the establishment of Pseudo-first reaction kinetic model and Pseudo-second reaction kinetic model of modified of kaolin absorption on NH4+, we can see that the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen in water by this ammonium ion-exchange material matches the pseudo-second-order reaction.

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Samy, Reham, Nabil Abdelmonem, Ibrahim Ismail, and Amr Abdelghany. "Removal techniques of ammonia from drinking water and wastewater in Egypt and developing countries: a review study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2305, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2305/1/012025.

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Abstract The ammonia pollution/contamination reveals at the inlet of drinking water treatment plants, especially on Northern coast of Egypt, due to the drainage of sewage and industrial wastes from factories along the Nile River, resulting in more neutralization that clogs inlet of water treatment plants. Ammonia causes many diseases; some of them lead to coma or death. Excess ammonia also causes the winter dam in North Egypt to force the drinking water treatment stations to stop operation because of the high pollution load. Therefore, many researchers removed ammonia from drinking water as it was limited to 0.5 ppm in the European association and WHO. In this review, a criticizing summary of researches work (1983-2021) is presented where removal of ammonia by physical (i.e. adsorption, air stripping, and membrane distillation), biological, and chemical (oxidation, struvite, photocatalyst, cold plasma) methods were reviewed.

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Mustafa, Hatem. "Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Ammonia Absorption into Ammonia-Water Solution: Estimated Interface Concentration." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.785.

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Ammonia absorption process of ammonia vapor into ammonia water solution has been investigated experimentally, by inserting superheated ammonia vapor into a test cell containing a stagnant pool of ammonia water solution of several ammonia mass fractions, Ci. Before commencing the experiment, the pressure in the test cell corresponds to the equilibrium vapor of the ammonia-water system at room temperature. When the valve is opened, mechanical equilibrium is established quickly and the ammonia vapor diffuses into ammonia solution [1]. The difference between the initial pressure in the vapor cylinder and the initial pressure in the test cell ΔPi is found to have a major influence not only on the absorption rate but also on the estimated interface concentration. The interface concentration Cint of the cases ΔPi = 50 and 100 kPa exhibits a similar tendency, Cint decreases rapidly compared to other initial pressures ΔPi = 150 and 200 kPa. On the other hand, the interface concentration Cint of the cases ΔPi = 250 and 300 kPa are increasing within about 50 sec, then are hardly changing with time. They behave almost in a similar way as of Cint = 0.27 kg/kg. A correlation which gives the total absorbed mass of ammonia as a function of the initial concentration, the initial pressure difference and time is derived. In addition, the absorbed mass at no pressure difference could be estimated from the absorbed mass at initial pressure difference.

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Mustafa, Hatem. "Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Ammonia Absorption into Ammonia-Water Solution: Free Absorption." Defect and Diffusion Forum 334-335 (February 2013): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.334-335.167.

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Absorption phenomenon of ammonia vapor into ammonia water solution has been investigated experimentally, by allowing superheated ammonia vapor to flow into a test cell containing a stagnant pool of ammonia water solution. Before commencing the experiment, the pressure in the test cell P1i, corresponds to the equilibrium vapor of the ammonia-water system at room temperature and initial mass fraction Ci. When the valve is opened, mechanical equilibrium is established quickly and the pressure in the test cell becomes equal to that of the ammonia vapor cylinder. The difference between the initial pressure in the vapor cylinder and the initial pressure in the test cell ΔPi is found to have a major influence on the absorption rate [1]. The interface temperature can be estimated for a transient case, by help of an inverse solution proposed by Monde [2]. The interface concentration Cint obtained by measured ammonia vapour pressure and the estimated interface temperature. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the initial pressure difference and the initial concentration on the interface concentration. A correlation which gives the interface concentration as a function of the initial concentration, the initial pressure difference and time is derived. In addition, the absorbed mass at no pressure difference could be estimated from the absorbed mass at initial pressure difference.

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Rizza, J. J. "Ammonia-Water Low-Temperature Thermal Storage System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888042.

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An analysis of a low-temperature thermal storage system using an ammonia-water solution both as a refrigerant and as a low-temperature thermal storage material is considered. The thermal storage is useable at a temperature of −27°C and higher. The proposed system is designed to shift electric demand from high to low-demand periods. The system utilizes a heat-operated absorption refrigeration system; however, the generator heat is supplied by a self-contained vapor compression heat pump. The heat pump is operated during the off-peak period to recover the low-temperature thermal storage by reprocessing the stored ammonia-water solution to a lower ammonia-water concentration. The ammonia vapor liberated from solution in the dephlegmator is used in the compressor to produce the generator heat. Three different configurations are considered, including a solar-assisted system. The results are compared to an eutectic salt storage system.

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Prayogo, Mega Puspa Sari, Moch Amin Alamsjah,. "Pengaruh Bioabsorpsi Mangrove Avicennia alba terhadap Limbah Amoniak (NH3) [The Bioabsorbtion Effects of Mangrove Avicennia alba against Ammonia (NH3) ]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 6, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v6i2.11308.

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Abstract The pressure on the aquatic environment progressively increasing due to the influx of waste from various activities in areas that have been built in coastal areas. Waste is one of the issues that must be handled properly. Inadequate waste management with the application of inappropriate technology will cause negative effects on the environment because the waste contains harmful chemicals and toxic. One of the common chemicals contained in the waste is ammonia. Utilization of aquatic plants can be used to overcome the problem of ammonia. Mangrove Avicennia alba is a water plant that can be used to absorb ammonia in the water. This research is conducted to determine the effect and the ability of mangrove A. alba as bioabsorption of ammonia in the water. Based on the research conducted, A. alba can act as bioabsorbtion for ammonia in the water. A. alba can absorb ammonia content in water from 10 mg/L to 0 mg/L within seven days with the highest uptakes are in treatment of P3 (5 mg/L) and treatment of P4 (10 mg/L). Treatment of P2 (1 mg/L) is the highest average nitrogen contain with 0.9244 %.

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Cho, In-Ho, Eberhard Hohaus, Axel Lehnen, and Harro Lentz. "Extraktionen von Ginsenosiden aus Ginseng-Wurzeln mit flüssigem Ammoniak, Methanol-Wasser oder Wasser/ Extractions of Ginsenosidesj from Ginseng Roots with Liquid Ammonia, Methanol-Water or Water." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2000): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-3-415.

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Abstract Extractions of ginsenosides from ginseng roots with liquid ammonia, methanol/water (60:40; v/v) or water were carried out. The extracts have been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to valuate yield and selectivity of extractions of ginsenosides. Water supplied the lowest yield. The yields of extracts with liquid ammonia were higher than those with m ethanol-water (60%). Yields of the ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd by extracting with liquid ammonia are about twice as much as those of the extraction with methanol-water (60%). It was proved by HPLC that malonyl-ginsenosides m -Rb1 m-Rb2, m-Rc and m-Rd were converted to the corresponding neutral ginsenosides by extraction with liquid ammonia. Because of high yields of extracts and simultaneous increase of the contents of Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd the extraction with liquid ammonia is obviously superior to the other extraction methods. Furtherm ore, ginsenosides from ginseng roots were extracted by alkaline methanol-water (60%) solutions. Alternatively, the extracts of the methanol-water (60%) extraction were treated with sodium hydroxide solution. Both methods convert also the malonyl-ginsenosides to neutral ginsenosides

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Ozturk, Hilmi, Hakki Nazli, Korkut Yegin, and Mehmet Sezgin. "Detection of Ammonia in Liquids Using Millimeter Wave Spectroscopy." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/362084.

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Detection of ammonia plays a vital role for counter-bioterrorism applications. Using millimeter wave absorption measurements, ammonia dissolved in water solution is analyzed and compared to water-only solution. The inversion of ammonia molecule results in split rotational spectral lines and transitions of these lines can be detected. Two-port measurements were carried out with vector network analyzer and measurements revealed that ammonia presence can be identified, especially between 30–35 GHz.

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Wang, Tian, Li Wen, Xu Ming-Gang, He Na, and Ma Yong-Yue. "Design of High-precision Water Quality Ammonia Nitrogen Online Detection Technology System Based on Micro-control Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2562, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2562/1/012037.

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Abstract Based on Lambert’s theorem, this paper adopts the integration of micro-control technology and sequential injection technology and designs a water-quality ammonia nitrogen online detection system to improve the accuracy of ammonia nitrogen detection and to solve the demand for the determination of ammonia nitrogen index in the surface I to V water. The linearity of the assay data can be improved by controlling the variables in a control experiment, reducing the volume of the digestion cell, and reducing the inner diameter of the Teflon tube. Compared with the traditional ammonia nitrogen detection system, it has higher detection accuracy, and the number of reagents used and waste liquid generated have been greatly reduced, effectively improving the accuracy of ammonia nitrogen index detection. In this experiment, the determination of the ammonia nitrogen index was accomplished by salicylic acid spectrophotometry, and the range of determination covered the standard limits of ammonia nitrogen in a surface water environment from Class I to V water. The experimental results showed that: The regression model for the detection of ammonia index by the salicylic acid method was developed using the least squares fitting algorithm, and the linear range was from 0 to 2 mg/mL. The correlation coefficient of the experimental data for the 10 mm inner diameter tube was 0.9981 and that for the 15 mm inner diameter tube was 0.923. And the concentration and absorbance were both positively correlated, and the trend of the experimental data was consistent with the theoretical analysis. The system is designed to reduce operation and maintenance costs, improve detection accuracy, and efficiently analyze the ammonia nitrogen index in surface I-V water, providing technical support for environmental protection and surface water quality monitoring.

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Abizaka, Faiz Tuffah, Gunanti Mahasri, and Daruti Dinda Nindarwi. "Potential Carbon Thickness on Ammonia Content in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaponics System with Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)." World's Veterinary Journal 11, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2021.wvj85.

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The application of aquaponics aquaculture is needed to improve water quality, especially the addition of filtration materials which act as absorbent planting mediums for ammonia nitrogen content in toxic water. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of the carbon thickness on ammonia levels in Nile tilapia in aquaponics systems with Water spinach. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and five replications. The main parameter was ammonia level. Supporting parameters in this study included initial and final growth of Water spinach, fish survival rate, specific growth rate, and water quality which included temperature measurement, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Each treatment consisted of variations of carbon thicknesses at P0 (control), P1 (5 cm), P2 (7 cm), and P3 (9 cm). The results revealed that ammonia levels were significantly different at P1, P2, and P3 in the third and fourth weeks. Ammonia levels during the study decreased from 0.3969 ppm to 0.1741 ppm. The reported value of 7.2 was for acidity degree, 29.3°C for the temperature, 5.94 ppm for dissolved oxygen, 8.42 cm for the growth of Water spinach, 0.44% for the specific growth rate, and 90% for the survival rate. Carbon thickness caused a decrease in ammonia levels in Nile tilapia with aquaponics systems through the medium of Water spinach.

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Sironi, Selena, Lidia Eusebio, Licinia Dentoni, Laura Capelli, and Renato Del Rosso. "Ammonia diffusion through Nalophan™ bags." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 3 (October 22, 2013): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.700.

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The aim of the work is to verify the diffusion rate of ammonia through the Nalophan™ film that constitutes the sampling bag, considering storage times ranging from 1 to 26 h. The ammonia decay over time was evaluated using gas-chromatography for the quantification of ammonia concentration inside the bag. The research assesses the roles of both of ammonia and water concentration gradients at the polymeric film interface on the diffusion process. The results show that both the ammonia concentration gradient and, in a less pronounced way, the water concentration gradient are the main ‘engines’ of ammonia diffusion. Double bags seem to represent a simple solution for preventing ammonia losses during storage. Another interesting result concerns the role of the bag surface on the ammonia diffusion rate: the higher the surface/volume (S/V) ratio, the higher the ammonia diffusion rate through the polymeric film.

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Zhang, Jiaran, Zeyu Xu, Ce Shi, and Xinting Yang. "A Fluorescence Method Based on N, S-Doped Carbon Dots for Detection of Ammonia in Aquaculture Water and Freshness of Fish." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 8255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158255.

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Excessive ammonia can cause the death of fish and the eutrophication of the water environment, so ammonia detection is essential for environmental monitoring. In this study, a highly selective sensing strategy for ammonia detection based on N, S co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) was developed. The as-prepared N, S-CDs exhibited excellent photoluminescence properties and fluorescent stability. N, S-CDs demonstrated fluorescence quenched in the presence of ammonia in the wide linear range of 2–80 mmol/L, and were highly selective towards ammonia over metal ions. Furthermore, a possible fluorescence quenching mechanism is proposed. N, S-CDs were further applied to detection of ammonia in aquaculture water samples and river water samples, showing good practicability with recoveries from 0.93 to 1.27 and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.54% to 17.3%. N, S-CDs were also successfully used to determine the freshness of bighead carps.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ammonia/water'

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