Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ammoniaque'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 29 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ammoniaque.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Frocrain, Isabelle. "Les gommo-oléorésines des Ombellifères : ase-fétide, galbanum et gomme ammoniaque." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P214.
Full textCarlach, Philippe. "Précipitation homogène ou polyphasique par décomplexation thermique : application à la synthèse d'hydroxydes de nickel à partir de solutions ammoniacales." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1149.
Full textBudan, Alexandre. "Caractérisation phytochimique et activités biologiques d'extraits végétaux riches en saponines : étude in vitro de leur capacité à orienter le métabolisme ruminal." Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0020.
Full textScientific research about alternatives to in-feed antibiotics used as growth promoters is a blooming subject since their european ban in 2006. The aim of this word was to evaluate the interest in adding extracts from saponin containing plants to the diet of dairy cows to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production and ammonia (NH3) concentration in the rumen fluid. A selection of 6 plants growing locally (e. G. Saponaria officinalis), 5 industrial by-products (e. G. Chenopodium quinoa), and two saponin containing plants from the animal feed market (Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria) was evaluated in this context. Inhibition of the methanogenesis, without negative impact on volatile fatty acids, was observed with extracts from Saponaria officinalis and Camellia ofeifera (-9 to -10%). Extracts from primula veris, Chenopodium quinoa and Gypsophila paniculata showed the highest potential to decrease NH3 concentration (-26 to -31%). The chemical profile of the extracts was determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, in order to characterise their profile in saponins. . .
Lutin, Florence. "Suivi analytique de la digestion anaérobie de résidus d'origine animale en séparation des étapes acidogène et méthanogène." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120060.
Full textBasseres, Anne. "Performance des microphytes et des macrophytes dans l'épuration d'effluents organiques à forte charge en ammoniaque." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30150.
Full textGuérin, Didier. "Préparations cosmétiques et mise au point d'une coloration d'oxydation sous forme de gel sans ammoniaque." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30076.
Full textThe interest of these cosmetic formulations is to create a gel forming oxidation hair dyes without ammonia. First, we have study the physiology and anatomy of hair, and cosmetic raw materials, to formulate cosmetic preparations for permanent or semi-permanent waves shampoo and other hair cares. Second, we have studied existing colorations direct or permanent, to learn the technical way to prepare hair dying products, and the interactions between the intermediates. We have formulate a liquid base witch can be a gel form in presence of an hydrogen peroxide solution (6%). A least, we try to substitute ammonia by another alkalising agent in this type of colouring products, decreasing the toxicological impact
Oliviero, Laetitia. "Oxydation voie humide catalysée de composés organiques azotés : détermination des schémas réactionnels et optimisation de l'activité de catalyseurs métalliques supportés." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2291.
Full textMouillé, Béatrice. "Influence d'un régime hyperprotéique sur le métabolisme de l'ammoniaque dans les cellules épithéliales coliques et effets de l'ammoniaque sur la prolifération de cellules épithéliales tumorales coliques." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077080.
Full textNeu, Christophe. "Préparations cosmétiques et mise au point d'une coloration semi-permanente, sans oxydation, sans ammoniaque, destinée à la population masculine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30075.
Full textIn the domain of cosmetics, hair dyeing is one of the booming sectors. Formulation control is essential to companies for entering successfully on this market. The study is organised in two parts: Formulation and preparation of cosmetics for treatment and care of hair and skin. Formulation of semi permanent gel based hair dyeing, without using any oxidising agent or ammonia. The author studies different types of supports existing on the market, and sketch out the way to obtain his hair dye support. The study analyses the most concerned parameters witch influence the dye uptake on the hair shaft, and suggests ways to improve it. Fifteen different shades formulas are described, using mixtures of diverse nitrated and cationic hair dyes. The originality of this support is to allow dissolving and uptake of the dyes, without using a solvent
Bernardi, Marco. "Oxydation voie humide des boues secondaires : catalyse par les sels solubles, traitement catalytique de l'ammoniac et de l'ammoniaque résiduels." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10166.
Full textRoy, Philippe. "Étude thermodynamique en dimensions finies des cycles de puissance utilisant un mélange ammoniaque-eau avec des rejets de faible température comme source de chaleur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1439.
Full textBrousse, Dominique. "Brûlures chimiques oculaires par alcalins (Spécificité étiologique en Guadeloupe)." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23021.
Full textDavid, Marie. "Echange d'ammoniac entre une prairie et l'atmosphère : sources et puits à l'échelle du couvert prairial et influence des pratiques agronomiques." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112057.
Full textAtmospheric ammonia is recognised as a pollutant mainly because of its negative impact, associated with acidification and eutrophication, on natural ecosystems. The ammonia exchange between plants and the atmosphere is bidirectional: both ammonia emission and deposition can occur. Semi-natural ecosystems are generally regarded as ammonia sinks and agricultural ecosystems as ammonia sources. However, less is known about the role of the vegetation in atmospheric ammonia budgets. This PhD thesis, a part of the European project GRAMINAE (GRassland AMmonia INteractions Across Europe), focuses on two main points: the study of the origin of the ammonia fluxes within the canopy and the quantification of the net exchange budgets under a semi-continental climate. A dynamic chamber was developed to measure ammonia emissions within a grassland canopy under field conditions over several days. The emissions from the green leaves, the litter and the soil were assessed. .
Carbonell, Delphine. "Étude de la détoxication des milieux de culture cellulaire : application à l'élimination de l'ammoniaque." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10171.
Full textVilleneuve, Kévin. "Contacteurs à membranes composites pour le captage du CO2 en postcombustion dans des solutions ammoniacales en vue de sa valorisation sur site industriel : étude expérimentale et modélisation des étapes d'absorption et de désorption." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0223.
Full textThis work aims to evaluate the performances of hollow fiber membrane contactors used for the CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia and the regeneration of the latter within the frame of post-combustion CO2 capture. Fibers are made of a thin dense layer coated on a microporous support, the dense layer prevent membrane wetting by liquid penetration. Both experiment and modelling were done. During absorption experiments, important decrease of the CO2 capture efficiency was observed due to ammonium salts precipitation in the gas-side corroborating results from previous works. Experiments with CO2/N2 mixture saturated with water vapor, as would be the case for flue gas, interestingly, showed stable performances of the process. A one-dimensional multi-component adiabatic transfer model for CO2 absorption in NH3 has been implemented in Aspen Custom Modeler® and validated with experimental results. The simulations performed with the model confirmed the volumetric intensification potential of the technology, however, the NH3 slip reduction expected, because of the use of a dense layer more permeable to CO2 than NH3, wasn’t satisfying. Water condensation phenomenon in membrane contactors were studied with both experiments and simulations. It was thus showed that membrane pore wetting by condensation should not happened but gas-side condensation led to an important increase of the pressure drop with the potential of increasing compression costs. Experiments and simulations of the desorption of CO2 from a loaded aqueous ammonia solution with a membrane contactor were performed and important disparities were found between CO2 flux measured and simulated. A volumetric reduction of the membrane contactor when compared to the packed column was calculated highlighting the potential of the technology for the stripping step. In collaboration with the partners of the C2B project, in which this thesis is integrated, CO2 absorption essays were carried out on site with an industrial scale membrane contactor. The results of this pilot are consistent with laboratory results and encourages the transfer of the technology to the industrial scale
Ayadi, Hana. "Catalyseurs performants pour le traitement de la pollution organique azotée par Oxydation en Voie Humide Catalytique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1273/document.
Full textManganese oxide-based catalysts have been synthesized through different routes and evaluated in the Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of ammonia. Such catalysts are active, selective towards molecular nitrogen and stable under the applied reaction conditions. Molecular nitrogen and nitrite are primary products. A detailed study of the impact of the operating conditions (manganese content, oxygen partial pressure, ammonia concentration, initial pH, and charge at the catalyst surface) on the catalytic performances was carried out. The selectivity in molecular nitrogen is optimum when i) the amount of catalyst is low, ii) the ratio nO2:nNH4+ is close to stoichiometry (˜ 0.75) and ii) the pH at the point of zero charge of the catalyst is neutral. Although strongly basic conditions (pH 13) improve the catalytic activity, the conversion nitrite to nitrate is inhibited and the selectivity in molecular nitrogen is degraded. From a kinetic point of view, the reaction order with respect to oxygen and ammonia are 0 and 1, respectively. The influence of the oxidation state of manganese (+II, +III and +IV) in the presence of bulk manganese oxides or ceria-supported manganese oxides indicated that the active site would consist of a pair of Mn(+III) and Mn(+IV). The reaction makes the active site and the oxides where manganese is initially present at a low oxidation state are markedly modified upon reaction. A synergy between manganese and cerium is also confirmed, involving the two Mn(+III)/Mn(+IV) and Ce(+III)/Ce(+IV) redox couples in a concerted way
Lousteau, Cédric. "Conversion de la pollution ammoniacale en azote moléculaire par Oxydation en Voie Humide Catalytique (OVHC)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10182/document.
Full textTiO2, ZrO2, CeO2 and CeZrO2 supported noble metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru and Rh) have been in a first time prepared to be used in the Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of ammonia. The first results show that platinum is the most active metal. Palladium and iridium are the most selective toward nitrogen. Pt/TiO2 is the most interesting catalyst because it combines a very strong activity and a selectivity toward nitrogen close to iridium and palladium. An in-depth study on this catalyst (preparation method, nature of the metallic precursor…) shows that the single parameter which has a negative impact on the selectivity toward nitrogen is the basicity of the catalyst surface. The work realized on the operating conditions (PO2, catalyst weight, pH and ammonia concentration) in the presence of Pt/TiO2 shows the necessity to control the oxidizing function and particularly the nO2/nNH3 ratio. Indeed, if the value of this ratio is too high (nO2/nNH3 >> 0,75) then the selectivity toward nitrogen degrades strongly. To end, PtIr/TiO2 and PtPd/TiO2 bimetallic catalysts have been prepared to combine the activity of the platinum and the selectivity of palladium/iridium to nitrogen. These catalysts are not interesting because their behaviour is similar to the mechanical mixtures. Furthermore, the selectivity toward nitrogen is also degraded for nO2/nNH3 >> 0,75 with these catalysts
Toro, Molina Carol. "Comparaison du captage du CO2 en postcombustion par des solutions d'ammoniaque et d'amines organiques : Évaluation en contacteurs direct et indirect, par des approches cinétiques, thermodynamiques et par modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935386.
Full textCelliere, Géraldine. "Multi-scale modeling of hepatic drug toxicity and its consequences on ammonia detoxification." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC100.
Full textAmmonia removal is a key liver function. Recently, the consensus reaction scheme involved in hepatic ammonia detoxification has been shown to be insufficient to completely understand ammonia removal. In order to uncover the mechanisms at play, we have developed a series of competing explanations formulated as compartment ODE-based mathematical models. Using statistical procedures, the models have been evaluated and compared. The results suggest that the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase is a crucial element of ammonia detoxification after acute liver damage. When modeling tissues, the choice of the geometry representation can influence quantitative model predictions. To improve the current 1D models, we have developed a multi-scale model of hepatic metabolism. The model represents each individual hepatocyte, the intracellular metabolism and the blood flow within the blood vessel network. The impact of the precise tissue micro-architecture representation on model predictions has been assessed and recommendations could be drawn concerning its importance. In a third part, the early phase of liver damage is investigated. We address the question whether it is possible to predict the extent of in vivo tissue damage following a paracetamol overdose, via a model and in vitro data. To do so, we have used a combination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling including the following aspects: (i) the precise drug exposure profile, (ii) the metabolic activity differences between the in vitro and the in vivo situation, and (iii) spatial inhomogeneities within the liver. With these extensions, the prediction of in vivo paracetamol toxicity could be significantly improved
Makhloufi, Camel. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation d'un procédé de captage en CO2 en postcombustion par l'ammoniaque à l'aide de contacteurs membranaires : du matériau à l'évaluation de l'intensification de l'absorption." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0318/document.
Full textAqueous ammonia as a solvent for post-combustion CO2 capture in a packed column is seen as a promising technology. Nevertheless, ammonia volatility is a considerable drawback for its large scale deployment. In this study, the ability of hollow fiber membrane contactors to significantly improve CO2 mass transfer performances while mitigating ammonia losses when compared to packed column is evaluated. In that purpose, the use of innovating composite fibers made of a thin dense layer selective for CO2 over NH3 is proposed. Up to now, a faster permeation of CO2 compared to NH3 in dense polymers was totally unexpected and to our knowledge unexplored. Time-lag experiments have revealed a series of 6 fluorinated structures showing the desired reverse selectivity properties. Teflon AF2400 has been selected as the dense skin of composite fibers used during absorption experiments. Their performances have been compared, for different operating conditions, to those given by commercial microporous (Oxyphan) and composite (Oxyplus) membrane contactors. Due to ammonium salt precipitation issues, no stable experiment has been achieved using microporous membrane contactors. At the opposite, absorption efficiencies higher than post-combustion capture standards have been reached using composite membrane contactors. 2D mass transfer modeling has revealed the controlling role of the microporous support in the observed absorption performances. Finally, high CO2 mass transfer intensification factor and drastically reduced ammonia losses have been shown
Al-Ourabi, Hammoud. "Etude expérimentale de gaz azotés, du dioxyde de soufre et de l'ozone à l'échelle des écosystèmes de l'Afrique tropicale : application à l'estimation des dépôts secs gazeux dans le cadre du réseau IDAF." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30126.
Full textSnoussi, Karim. "Étude par RMN de la structure et de la dynamique d'acides nucléiques en solution." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066478.
Full textBoissier, Noémie. "Mathematical modeling of blood and bile flow in healthy and damaged liver micro-architecture." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS155.
Full textCounting among the six vital organs in the body, liver carries numerous functions. Among them, it regulates metabolites blood concentration, removes drug and toxins from the blood, and produces bile. Mathematical modeling of liver function is a subject of growing interest, especially in drug development. Nevertheless, most models do not take into account liver’s spatial arrangement at micro-scale, resulting in approximations. This thesis addresses two liver functions focusing on a single liver lobule, the smallest repetitive anatomical and functional tissue unit of liver: removal and metabolism of drugs and toxins from the blood (blood detoxification), and bile production. A resistive hemodynamics model of micro-circulation is proposed, based on a image-based representative generated liver lobule. To simulate convection-reaction equations (PDE) in liver capillaries modeling the transport and exchange of a compound, an extension of a finite volume scheme is developed. It is then coupled with a model of metabolism in the cells (ODE) that takes into account cell-to-cell variability. This model has been quantitatively compared to experiments in two presented cases. Finally, the second key flow system of liver: the biliary system, is addressed. An experiment-based mathematical model is proposed to determinate processes responsible for the movement of bile acids within liver micro-architecture
Pereira, Alice. "Contribution à l'étude de la qualité des eaux des retenues amazoniennes : application de la modélisation mathématique à la retenue de Tucurui (Brésil)." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569488.
Full textBazinette, Rémy. "Effet de la forme d'excitation électrique sur une décharge contrôlée par barrière diélectrique (dbd) à la pression atmosphérique et application au dépôt de couche mince." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3009/document.
Full textThe homogeneous discharge controlled by dielectric barrier at atmospheric pressure and their applications are a promising field of activity because of their advantages in contrast with the low pressure processes, especially for the on line treatment of large surface without pumping system. The physics of these discharges as the thin film properties obtained are well established with low frequency sinusoidal (<200 kHz) and radiofrequency excitation (13.56MHz). This is what is explored in this thesis aimed to find and explore new modes of homogeneous DBD and maximizing the power to optimize the deposition rate while maintaining quality thin layers. To achieve this goal, an original device has been developed varying the excitation frequency from 100 kHz to 18 MHz. The frequency increase on this range have many consequences. In an Ar-NH3 mixture, the discharge regime becomes successively a glow (GDBD) then Townsend (TDBD) around 250 kHz then RF-DBD from 3 MHz. The electrical and optical measurements that have been done show that the average power of the homogeneous discharges increases by a factor of 30 between GDBD regime and RF-DBD regime (up to 35 W/cm3) while the breakdown voltage is reduced by a factor 6. These observations coupled to the discharge emission spectra indicate that the electron density increases by several orders of magnitude while their energy decreases. These results are due to a change of the ionization mechanism with a dominant role of the secondary electron emission at the cathode in low frequency regime (GDBD and TDBD) while the volume ionization is dominate in RF-DBD. Both transitions between GDBD-TDBD regimes and TDBD-RF-DBD are studied. The first is related to the ion transit from the anode to the cathode which becomes longer than the half-period. In consequence, the cathode fall is not formed. The second transition is related to ions and electrons trapping which depends on the applied voltage, the value of the inter-electrode space and frequency.These discharges regime are compared to Nanopulsed repetitively discharge (NPR-DBD). The conditions leading to a homogeneous discharge are found. In homogeneous regime the maximum of the discharge power is 17 W/cm3 which is 17 times higher than for a low sinusoidal voltage for the same frequency. It is obtained for a repetition frequency of 30 kHz with a 10 ns voltage pulse. Hydrogenated silica and silicon nitride thin film obtained from SiH4 with GDBD, RF-DBD and NPR-DBD were studied. In all cases, the deposition rate is defined by the discharge power. The increase of the discharge power with the frequency increases the deposition rate from 30 nm/min to 90 nm/min. However with the use of silane at room temperature, nanoparticles are formed in RF regime when the discharge power is high. The amplitude modulation allows to prevent the formation of powders. AS far as the energy injected during Ton is less than 100 μJ. As the precursors are not consumed by the formation of powders, they are available for the growth of the layer thereby doubling the deposition rate compared to the continuous process for the same average power. Increasing the growth rate without powders with the average power requires an increase in the modulation frequency (> 1 kHz) i.e. a short Ton to limit the injected energy. Thus this work has highlighted a new discharge regime, the TDBD in Ar-NH3 and compared the GDBD, TDBD, RF-DBD and NRP-DBD discharge in the same configuration. For the first time, RF-DBD coating have been made and it has been shown that modulation of plasma, although it decreases the discharge power, can significantly increase the deposition rate
Chatauret, Nicolas. "Études du métabolisme cérébral et musculaire lors d'une insuffisance hépatique aiguë : implications pour de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15328.
Full textBélanger, Mireille. "Modifications de l'expression génique du système nerveux central lors de l'insuffisance hépatique aiguë : rôle dans les mécanismes pathophysiologiques responsables de l'œdème cérébral." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15335.
Full textChastre, Anne. "Le rôle de l’inflammation dans le développement des complications neurologiques associées à l’insuffisance hépatique aiguë chez la souris." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9886.
Full textAcute liver failure (ALF) is the clinical manifestation of an abrupt loss of hepatic function resuting from a massive hepatocyte necrosis in a patient with no preexisting liver disease. ALF is associated with metabolic and immunological disturbances that may lead to peripheral and cerebral complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), brain edema, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and ultimately death by cerebral herniation. ALF is frequently complicated by infections, which are known to increase the risk of developing a SIRS with a subsequent worsening of HE and higher mortality rates. Ammonia plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to HE and brain edema, and recent studies suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines may also be involved. The aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate the role of circulating and cerebral pro-inflammatory cytokines in the setting of HE and brain edema during ALF. In article No. 1, we demonstrated that peripheral inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by etanercept delays the progression of HE by reducing hepatocellular damage, decreasing peripheral and cerebral inflammation as well as associated oxidative/nitrosatif stress in mice with ALF induced by azoxymethane (AOM). These findings demonstrate an important role of TNF-α in the pathophysiology of HE during toxic liver injury and suggest that etanercept may provide a therapeutic approach in the management of patient awaiting liver transplantation. In article No. 2, we mimicked infection in mice with AOM-induced ALF in order to better understand the effects of an increased inflammatory response. We demonstrated that endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) precipitates the onset of coma and worsens the liver pathology. Peripheral and brain pro-inflammatory cytokines are synergistically raised by LPS during ALF and result in a large increase in cerebral matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) activity that was associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation in the brain parenchyma. These results demonstrate a major increase of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability that contributes to the pathogenesis of HE during ALF with superimposed infection. Results from article No. 3 demonstrate that increase of BBB permeability during AOM-induced ALF without superimposed infection is not due to alteration of BBB constitutive proteins. In article No. 4, we demonstrated that exposure of cultured astrocytes to pathophysiological concentrations of ammonia or interleukin-1β results in an alteration of the expression of astrocytic genes implicated in cell volume regulation and oxidative/nitrosative stress. An additive effect on astrocytic genes implicated in oxidative/nitrosative was made evident in case of co-treatment. Taken together, results of the present thesis demonstrate a major role of peripheral and cerebral inflammation in the onset of neurological complications during ALF and a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated may contribute to new therapeutic strategies for ALF patients awaiting transplantation.
Guerinot, Geneviève. "Modélisation du vieillissement chimique de panachés de feux de biomasse boreaux." Phd thesis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764878.
Full text