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Journal articles on the topic 'Ammonium quaternaire polymere'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Itsuno, Shinichi, Miyuki Takahashi, Yukihiro Arakawa, and Naoki Haraguchi. "Synthesis of polymers containing chiral 1,2-diamine derivatives and their application to asymmetric reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 9 (January 1, 2007): 1471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779091471.

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Polymer-supported chiral 1,2-diamine derivatives have been prepared. The polymers containing free 1,2-diamine moiety were applied to enantioselective hydrogenation catalyst by combination with RuCl2-BINAP complex. Asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones was performed by means of the polymeric catalyst derived from these polymers to give the chiral secondary alcohols with high ee in quantitative conversion. The polymers containing 1,2-diamine monosulfonamide were applied to enantioselective transfer hydrogenation catalyst by combination with RuCl2-p-cymene complex. Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones was performed by means of the polymeric catalyst to afford the chiral secondary alcohols. A high level of enantioselectivities up to 99 % ee was attained in neat water by using the polymeric catalyst prepared from quaternary ammonium salt-type polymer support.

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2

Rassu, Giovanna, Silvia Fancello, Marta Roldo, Milo Malanga, Lajos Szente, Rossana Migheli, Elisabetta Gavini, and Paolo Giunchedi. "Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Uptake of Cationic Beta-Cyclodextrins as Valid Tools in Nasal Delivery." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 7 (July 12, 2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070658.

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Cyclodextrin polymers have high applicability in pharmaceutical formulations due to better biocompatibility, solubility enhancement, loading capacity and controlled drug release than their parent, cyclodextrins. The cytotoxicity and cell uptake of new cationic beta-cyclodextrin monomers and polymers were evaluated as suitable materials for nasal formulations and their protective effects on cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide were studied. PC12 and CACO-2 cells were selected as the neuronal- and epithelial-type cells, respectively, to mimic the structure of respiratory and olfactory epithelia of the nasal cavity. All cationic beta-cyclodextrin polymers tested showed dose- and time-dependent toxicity; nevertheless, at 5 µM concentration and 60 min of exposure, the quaternary-ammonium-beta-cyclodextrin soluble polymer could be recognized as nontoxic. Based on these results, a fluorescently labelled quaternary-ammonium-beta-cyclodextrin monomer and polymer were selected for uptake studies in CACO-2 cells. The monomeric and polymeric beta-cyclodextrins were internalized in the cytoplasm of CACO-2 cells; the cationic monomer showed higher permeability than the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, employed as comparison. Therefore, these cationic beta-cyclodextrins showed potential as excipients able to improve the nasal absorption of drugs. Furthermore, amino-beta-cyclodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin soluble polymers were able to reduce oxidative damage in PC12 and CACO-2 cells and thus could be studied as bioactive carriers or potential drugs for cell protection against oxidative stress.

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3

Lee, Seunghyun, Hyejin Lee, Tae-Hyun Yang, Byungchan Bae, Nguyen Anh Thu Tran, Younghyun Cho, Namgee Jung, and Dongwon Shin. "Quaternary Ammonium-Bearing Perfluorinated Polymers for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications." Membranes 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10110306.

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Perfluorinated polymers are widely used in polymer electrolyte membranes because of their excellent ion conductivity, which are attributed to the well-defined morphologies resulting from their extremely hydrophobic main-chains and flexible hydrophilic side-chains. Perfluorinated polymers containing quaternary ammonium groups were prepared from Nafion- and Aquivion-based sulfonyl fluoride precursors by the Menshutkin reaction to give anion exchange membranes. Perfluorinated polymers tend to exhibit poor solubility in organic solvents; however, clear polymer dispersions and transparent membranes were successfully prepared using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at high temperatures and pressures. Both perfluorinated polymer-based membranes exhibited distinct hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase-separated morphologies, resulting in high ion conductivity despite their low ion exchange capacities and limited water uptake properties. Moreover, it was found that the capacitive deionization performances and stabilities of the perfluorinated polymer membranes were superior to those of the commercial Fumatech membrane.

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4

Shmakova, N. S., I. A. Kirsh, and V. A. Romanova. "Influence of cationic surfactants on physical and mechanical properties of polymer compositions." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-225-229.

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When creating filled polymer composite materials, difficulties often arise due to poor compatibility of polymers with modifying additives. To solve such problems, surface-active substances (SAS) are successfully used in many industries, but they are practically not used in polymer processing. This is largely due to the insufficient assortment of surfactants produced that are suitable for introduction into polymers, especially film-forming ones. Anionic and nonionic surfactants are used in the synthesis and processing of elastomers, but they are not used in the production of film materials. As for the use of cationic surfactants, there are still no data at all. They differ from other types of surfactants in a variety of structures, in the number and relative positions of cationic centers and hydrophobic radicals, and also in antimicrobial properties. The prospects of using quaternary ammonium salts for the modification of packaging materials are shown. The expediency of using cationic surfactants for the modification of polymeric materials is proved. It is shown that the use of quaternary ammonium salts improves the physical and mechanical properties of films based on polyethylene and polypropylene. It is proved that cationic surfactants are technologically compatible with polyolefins, which allows the processing of polymer compositions by extrusion. Today, the most common polymers for food packaging are polyethylene and polypropylene. This is due to their low cost, safety in contact with food products, and suitability for processing into films of different thicknesses. More and more attention is being paid to the creation of packaging materials with antimicrobial properties. The imparting of such properties is achieved by introducing an antimicrobial additive into the polymer melt. It is most expedient to introduce additives directly into the melt of the polymer composition during processing, since, for example, during the extrusion process, polymer homogenization with the additive.

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5

Kim, Dae-Hee, Min-Yeong Jung, Hyun Park, In-Won Lee, Ho-Hwan Chun, and Nam-Ju Jo. "Antifouling Paint Resin Based on Polyurethane Matrix with Quaternary Ammonium Salt." Polymer Korea 39, no. 1 (January 25, 2015): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2015.39.1.122.

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6

Domb, Abraham J., Nurit Beyth, and Shady Farah. "QUATERNARY AMMONIUM ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS." MRS Proceedings 1569 (2013): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.907.

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ABSTRACTPolymers possessing antimicrobial activity have been used for self sterilization surfaces as well as agents for treating contaminated water. Cationic polymers based on quaternary ammonium or guanidine groups have shown high inherent antimicrobial activity where the activity is related to the disruption of the microorganism cell wall. A range of antimicrobial nanoparticles possessing active quaternary ammonium groups with one of the alkyl is a an octyl chain have been synthesized. These nanoparticles were incorporated in dental restoration compositions to form self sterile composites. Quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles with N-octyl dimethyl residues, demonstrated high antibacterial effect.

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7

Wang, Li-Fei, Xing-Gui Liu, Mei-Mei Meng, Yong-Kai Xu, Rui Zhu, Rui Zhang, Zhen-Zhong Lu, and Wei Huang. "Three coordination polymers built by quaternary-ammonium-modified isophthalic acid." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 77, no. 5 (April 9, 2021): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229621003296.

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Three coordination polymers based on quaternary-ammonium-modified isophthalic acid, namely, catena-poly[[[aqua-μ2-bromido-di-μ3-hydroxido-methanoldinitratotetracopper(II)]-bis{μ4-5-[2-(tripropylazaniumyl)ethoxy]benzene-1,3-dicarboxylato}] nitrate], {[Cu4Br(C19H28NO5)2(NO3)2(OH)2(CH4O)(H2O)]NO3} n , 1, poly[μ3-bromido-μ2-bromido-bromido-μ3-hydroxido-{μ4-5-[2-(tripropylazaniumyl)ethoxy]benzene-1,3-dicarboxylato}tricopper(II)], [Cu3Br3(C19H28NO5)(OH)] n , 2, and poly[bromido{μ3-5-[2-(tripropylazaniumyl)ethoxy]benzene-1,3-dicarboxylato}zinc(II)], [ZnBr(C19H28NO5)] n , 3, were obtained by solvothermal reactions. Coordination polymer (CP) 1 contains tetranuclear Cu4 units, in which the four Cu atoms are linked by two μ3-OH− groups into a Cu4(OH)2 cluster, which are in turn linked by 5-[2-(tripropylazaniumyl)ethoxy]benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate (cpa−) ligands into a chain structure. CP 2 also contains a tetranuclear Cu4(OH)2 cluster and these are linked with CuBr3 units into chains. The chains are then connected by cpa− ligands into a two-dimensional layered structure. CP 3 contains a two-dimensional layer structure built by binuclear Zn2 units and cpa− ligands. The Br− counter-anions of the quaternary ammonium groups all take part in the construction of the polymeric networks.

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8

Bonenfant, Danielle, François-René Bourgeois, Murielle Mimeault, Frédéric Monette, Patrick Niquette, and Robert Hausler. "Synthesis and structure-activity study of quaternary ammonium functionalized β-cyclodextrin-carboxymethylcellulose polymers." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 12 (June 1, 2011): 2827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.630.

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Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-based polymers functionalized with two types of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), the alkaquat DMB-451 (N-alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C10) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride) (DMD-451) named polymer DMB-451, and FMB 1210-8 (a blend of 32 w% N-alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C10) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride and 48 w% of didecyldimethylammonium chloride) named polymer FMB 1210-8, were synthethized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of these polymers against Eschericia coli were also evaluated at 25 °C in wastewater. The results have indicated that the polymer FMB 1210-8 possesses a high-affinity binding with bacterial cells that induces a rapid disinfection process. Moreover, in the same experimental conditions of disinfection (mixture of 1.0 g of polymer and 100 mL of wastewater), the polymer FMB 1210-8 has a higher antimicrobial efficiency (99.90%) than polymer DMB-451 (92.8%). This phenomenon might be associated to a stronger interaction with bacterial cells due to stronger binding affinity for E. coli cells and greater killing efficiency of the C10 alkyl chains QAC of polymer FMB 1210-8 to disrupt the bacterial cell membrane as compared to N-alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C10) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Together, these results suggest that the polymer FMB 1210-8 could constitute a good disinfectant against Escherichia coli, which could be advantageously used in wastewater treatments due to the low toxicity of β-CD and CMC, and moderated toxicity of FMB 1210-8 to human and environment.

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9

Weng, Zhulin, Yaochen Zheng, Aijin Tang, and Chao Gao. "Synthesis, Dye Encapsulation, and Highly Efficient Colouring Application of Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (2014): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13353.

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A novel kind of amphiphilic hyperbranched polymer (AHP), poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-co-polystyrene (HPTAM-co-PS), was synthesized via the combination of reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization and self-condensing vinyl polymerization (RAFT-SCVP). HPTAM-co-PS was functionalized via the highly efficient Menschutkin click reaction, resulting in hyperbranched poly(propargyl quaternary ammonium methacrylate)-co-polystyrene (HPPrAM-co-PS) with a hydrophilic quaternary ammonium salt core and hydrophobic PS shell. The average numbers of dye molecules trapped by each molecule of HPPrAM-co-PS (24.2 kDa) were 24.1 for methyl orange (MO), 22.0 for fluorescein sodium (FS), 24.2 for rose bengal (RB), and 238.4 for Congo red (CR). The polymer–dye complexes show excellent colouring effects for both PS and poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) membranes; the colour of the membrane containing AHP is very stable and uniform. Our work opens an avenue for the design of efficient dye-colouring additives and for the application of hyperbranched polymers in the field of polymer colouring.

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10

Liu, Ji Ping, Yan Hua Wu, Lei Liu, Yu Mei Xiao, Xiao Dong Ma, and Bin Fu. "Synthesis of a New Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers Containing Thiazoline Moiety for Antibacterial Activity Bioassay." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1594.

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The water-soluble cationic polyfluorene derivatives PFP-N(Me)3+I- and PFP-T containing the thiazoline cycle on side chain was designed and synthesized. The preliminary bioassay was carried out for the thiazolines and polymers at different concentrations. The antibacterial activity of the polymers and thiazolines were determined with E.coli by growth inhibition assays. The results demonstrate that the polymer containing thiazoline cycle (PFP-T) has a higher inhibition ratio against E.coli than the thiazoline compound itself and the corresponding thiazoline quaternary ammonium.

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11

Nowak, Łukasz, Magdalena Regel-Rosocka, Barbara Marszałkowska, and Maciej Wiśniewski. "Removal of Zn(II) from chloride acidic solutions with hydrophobic quaternary salts." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0028-8.

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Removal of Zn(II) from chloride acidic solutions with hydrophobic quaternary salts The equilibrium of zinc(II) extraction from hydrochloric acid solutions with phosphonium and ammonium quaternary salts and their application as carriers in polymer inclusion membranes were studied. The most efficient was the extraction of zinc with the use of chlorides and bromide of ammonium and phosphonium salt (more than 90%). Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium chlorides and bromide are efficient extractants of zinc(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions. Two-fold molar excess of extractant over Zn(II) is necessary for efficient extraction (100%). Solvent extraction power of the extractants studied decreases with increasing hydrophobicity of the anion in the following sequence: QPCl > QPBr > QPBis > QACl > QABF4 > QPBF4 > QPPF6 > QPNtf2. A solution of 1 M H2 SO4 is chosen as the best stripping phase from the technological and economical point of view. Transport across polymeric inclusion membrane enables concentration of the stripping solution; however it takes a very long time.

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12

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, and Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil. "Application of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Compatibilizers for Polymer Blends and Polymer Composites—A Concise Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073167.

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A wide variety of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have escalated the attraction of researchers to explore the application of QACs. The compounds have frequently been synthesized through alkylation or quaternization of tertiary amines with alkyl halides. Recently, QACs have been applied to compatibilize polymer blends and polymer composites in improving their thermo-mechanical properties. This concise review concentrates on the application of two types of QACs as compatibilizers for polymer blends and polymer composites. The types of QACs that were effectively applied in the blends and composites are quaternary ammonium surfactants (QASs) and quaternary ammonium ionic liquids (QAILs). They have been chosen for the discussion because of their unique chemical structure which can interact with the polymer blend and composite components. The influence of QASs and QAILs on the thermo-mechanical properties of the polymer blends and polymer composites is also described. This review could be helpful for the polymer blend and polymer composite researchers and induce more novel ideas in this research area.

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13

Parvulescu, Viorica, Adriana Popa, Gabriela Paun, Ramona Ene, Corneliu-Mircea Davidescu, and Gheorghe Ilia. "Effect of polymer support functionalization on enzyme immobilization and catalytic activity." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0715.

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Abstract Two enzymes, laccase and peroxidase, were immobilized on chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers supports functionalized with phosphonates ((RO)2PO) or mixed ammonium and phosphonium groups (N+R3Cl–, P+Ph3Cl–). Phosphonates groups and quaternary ammonium salts were grafted on the “gel-type” copolymer by Michaelis–Becker polymer analogue reaction. Mixed polymer-supported ammonium and phosphonium salts were obtained by transquaternization of the ammonium groups to phosphonium group. The degrees of functionalization for obtained polymers were relatively high ensuring a sufficient concentration of active centers per unit mass of the copolymer. The obtained materials were characterized by thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM microscopy. The effects of OR1 and R2 radicals from phosphonate and respectively ammonium groups, as well as those of glutaraldehyde utilization on the immobilization yield and the catalytic properties of the supported enzymes were indicated. The activity of enzymes increased after immobilization and high immobilization yield was obtained for all the samples. The higher interaction of enzymes with support was indicated for mixed ammonium and phosphonium functions. A higher catalytic activity was obtained for peroxidase in oxidation of phenol and laccase in oxidation of anisole. The low effect of glutaraldehyde on enzyme activity reveals the strong interaction of enzyme with the polymer support, respectively with the functional groups.

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14

Оvcharoy, V. І., L. О. Sokolova, L. R. Jusupova, V. K. Grishchenko, and A. V. Barantsova. "Properties of polydienes in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts from raw materials as vulcanization activators." Polymer journal 39, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.39.04.260.

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15

Kanta Sharker, Komol, Yuki Ohara, Yusuke Shigeta, Shinji Ozoe, and Shin-ichi Yusa. "Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST) Behavior of Polystyrene-Based Polyampholytes in Aqueous Solution." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020265.

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Strong polyampholytes comprising cationic vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) bearing a pendant quaternary ammonium group and anionic sodium p-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) bearing a pendant sulfonate group were prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. The resultant polymers are labelled P(VBTAC/NaSS)n, where n indicates the degree of polymerization (n = 20 or 97). The percentage VBTAC content in P(VBTAC/NaSS)n is always about 50 mol%, as revealed by 1H NMR measurements, meaning that P(VBTAC/NaSS)n is a close to stoichiometrically charge-neutralized polymer. Although P(VBTAC/NaSS)n cannot dissolve in pure water at room temperature, the addition of NaCl or heating solubilizes the polymers. Furthermore, P(VBTAC/NaSS)n exhibits upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aqueous NaCl solutions. The UCST is shifted to higher temperatures by increasing the polymer concentration and molecular weight, and by decreasing the NaCl concentration. The UCST behavior was measured ranging the polymer concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 g/L.

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16

Hrubý, Martin, Viktorya Korostyatynets, Milan J. Beneš, and Zdeněk Matějka. "Bifunctional Ion Exchange Resin with Thiol and Quaternary Ammonium Groups for the Sorption of Arsenate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 11 (2003): 2159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20032159.

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A bifunctional resin with thiol and quaternary ammonium groups was prepared from a macroporous strongly basic anion exchange resin of the styrene-divinylbenzene type. The key step of the synthesis is the reaction of the quaternary benzyltrimethylammonium group of the ion exchange resin with suitable sulfur-containing nucleophiles. Three synthetic routes are described: direct conversion to thiol with sodium sulfide, reaction with potassium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate followed by decomposition of the dithiocarbonate with ammonia or acid and conversion to polymeric isothiuronium salt by the reaction with thiourea and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis to thiol. Sorption of arsenate on thiol resin and its Fe(III) complex was studied.

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17

Rocheleau, Marie-Josée, and William C. Purdy. "The application of quaternary ammonium ionic polymers to electroanalysis: Part 2. Voltammetric studies with quaternary ammonium functionalized polymer film-coated electrodes." Electroanalysis 3, no. 9 (November 1991): 935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140030910.

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18

Raja, Arsalan A., and Cafer T. Yavuz. "Charge induced formation of crystalline network polymers." RSC Adv. 4, no. 104 (2014): 59779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra10594j.

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19

Kojuch, Luana Rodrigues, Keila Machado Medeiros, Dayanne Diniz de Souza Morais, Edcleide Maria Araújo, and Hélio de Lucena Lira. "Study of Nanocomposites of Polyamide 6.6/National Bentonite Clay." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.894.

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Polymers nanocomposites are a class of materials where inorganic substances with nanometrics dimensions are modified and used as dispersed loads in polymers matrices. In this work, polyamide 6.6 was chosen because of its excellent chemical, mechanical and thermal properties. The bentonite clay was treated with quaternary ammonium salt (Cetremide®) to make it organophilic and to improve the interaction with the polymer matrix. It was verified by the Torque Rheometry that the system with salt presented a bigger torque in relation to the torque of the system with untreated clay and pure polyamide 6.6. The nanocomposites presented an exfoliated and partially exfoliated structure, as evidenced by XRD. By DSC, it was observed that the treated clay increases the decomposition temperature of the nanocomposite.

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20

Gao, Wei, Zeng-chao Dang, Fu-sheng Liu, Sheng Wang, Duan-wei Zhang, and Meng-xi Yan. "Preparation of antistatic epoxy resin coatings based on double comb-like quaternary ammonium salt polymers." RSC Advances 10, no. 71 (2020): 43523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07479a.

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The antistatic epoxy resin coatings using double comb-like quaternary ammonium salt polymers as antistatic agents reach good antistatic property with lower addition amount because polymers can dissolve and nearly linearly arrange in the coatings.

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21

Bakhshi, Hadi, and Seema Agarwal. "Dendrons as active clicking tool for generating non-leaching antibacterial materials." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 33 (2016): 5322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01105e.

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22

Wang, Jingyu, Minghao Sui, Zhanfang Ma, Hongwei Li, and Bojie Yuan. "Antibacterial performance of polymer quaternary ammonium salt–capped silver nanoparticles on Bacillus subtilis in water." RSC Advances 9, no. 44 (2019): 25667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05944j.

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23

Wu, Yufan, Haojie Hua, and Qiaochun Wang. "A CB[5] analogue based supramolecular polymer with AIE behaviors." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 11 (2018): 8320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj00633d.

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24

Lainioti, Georgia C., Anthi Tsapikouni, Denisa Druvari, Pavlos Avramidis, Ioannis Prevedouros, Alexios Glaropoulos, and Joannis K. Kallitsis. "Environmentally Friendly Cross-Linked Antifouling Coatings Based on Dual Antimicrobial Action." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094658.

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The synthesis of environmentally friendly antimicrobial polymeric coatings, especially in the case of aquaculture, that inhibit the growth of bio-deposits is a very important issue that will contribute to the cost reduction of nets’ cleaning process as well as the protection of the submarine wealth from the biostatic substances used so far. In the present work, the antimicrobial polymers P(SSAmC16-co-VBCHAMx) and the terpolymer P(SSAmC16w-co-VBCHAMx-co-GMAy) were synthesized, bearing quaternary ammonium compounds, electrostatically bound and covalently attached at the same polymer chain. The combination of the two types is of particular importance, as it can provide effective antimicrobial polymeric materials with self-polishing capabilities as a result of the released nature of the antimicrobial, in combination with the permanent local action of the immobilized species. The cross-linking reaction of the terpolymer P(SSAmC16w-co-VBCHAMx-co-GMAy) with the homopolymer polyacrylic acid (PAA) was tested at 120 °C in terms of the equivalent ratio between epoxy and carboxyl groups. The synthesized polymers were further used for the coating of aquaculture nets and tested in terms of antifouling efficiency in lab and scale-up conditions. Uncoated nets were also used in all applications for comparison reasons. The coated nets performed efficiently for 35 days in lab-scale and 66 days in scale-up conditions, showing a high antifouling activity in both fields compared to the uncoated nets.

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25

Rocheleau, Marie-Josée, and William C. Purdy. "The application of quaternary ammonium ionic polymers to electroanalysis: Part 1. quaternary ammonium ionic polymer membranes for solid-state, ion-selective electrodes." Electroanalysis 3, no. 9 (November 1991): 929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140030909.

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26

Zhang, Rong Ming, Hong Man Shan, Min Zhao, Dong Hui Ma, and Wei Li. "Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Cationic Polymer PEA." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1599.

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The cationic polymer PEA was synthesized by ring-opening reaction and quaterisation with epichlorohydrin and β-hydroxy alkyl propyl ether amine as the main materials.Study on the efffect of rate of charge, reaction time and reaction temperature on cationic degree and epoxy value. Capability of adsorption on the sand and anti-swelling resistance were studied. The results showed that the best polymerization conditions as follows,reaction temperature was 60 °C, reaction time was 6 h, the rate of charge of epichlorohydrin toβ-hydroxy alkyl propyletheramine was 2.5:1. Under these conditions , the cationic degree of PEA was 3.962 mmol/g, epoxy value was 0.12. Then it was performed the water absorption.

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27

Wang, Tao, Wenlong Wang, Yuan Lyu, Xingkun Chen, Cunyao Li, Yan Zhang, Xiangen Song, and Yunjie Ding. "Highly recyclable polymer supported ionic liquids as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for batch and flow conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates." RSC Advances 7, no. 5 (2017): 2836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26780g.

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28

Lee, Kwan-Soo, Sandip Maurya, Yu Seung Kim, Cortney R. Kreller, Mahlon S. Wilson, Dennis Larsen, S. Elango Elangovan, and Rangachary Mukundan. "Intermediate temperature fuel cells via an ion-pair coordinated polymer electrolyte." Energy & Environmental Science 11, no. 4 (2018): 979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ee03595k.

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29

Guo, Jiangna, Jing Qin, Yongyuan Ren, Bin Wang, Hengqing Cui, Yingying Ding, Hailei Mao, and Feng Yan. "Antibacterial activity of cationic polymers: side-chain or main-chain type?" Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 37 (2018): 4611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00665b.

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Imidazolium (Im), quaternary ammonium (Qa), and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium (DABCO-diium) cation-based small molecule cationic compounds and their corresponding side-chain/main-chain cationic polymers were synthesized.

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30

Pérez, Jehú, Leandro Toledo, Cristian H. Campos, Jorge Yañez, Bernabé L. Rivas, and Bruno F. Urbano. "Arsenic sorption onto an aluminum oxyhydroxide-poly[(4-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride] hybrid sorbent." RSC Advances 6, no. 34 (2016): 28379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01230b.

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In this work, interpenetrated hybrid polymers consisting of aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) and a quaternary ammonium reagent were synthesized, and their capabilities of arsenite and arsenate retention from aqueous solution were studied.

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Carpov, A., C. Luca, S. Drăgn, and I. Petrariu. "New Aspects of Polymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium Groups." Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A - Chemistry 22, no. 5-7 (May 1985): 907–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222338508056644.

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Xu, Li Qun, Ning Ning Li, Jiu Cun Chen, Guo Dong Fu, and En-Tang Kang. "Quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-grafted agarose copolymers for multipurpose antibacterial applications." RSC Advances 5, no. 76 (2015): 61742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11189g.

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Bozkurt, A. "Dielectric and conductivity relaxations in quaternary ammonium polymer." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 63, no. 4 (April 2002): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3697(01)00214-1.

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Wu, Ho-Shing, and Chi-Wei Lo. "Kinetics of Synthesizing Polymer-Supported Quaternary Ammonium Catalysts." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 8, no. 6 (November 2006): 848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc060078x.

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Ji, Weihang, Richard R. Koepsel, Hironobu Murata, Sawyer Zadan, Alan S. Campbell, and Alan J. Russell. "Bactericidal Specificity and Resistance Profile of Poly(Quaternary Ammonium) Polymers and Protein–Poly(Quaternary Ammonium) Conjugates." Biomacromolecules 18, no. 8 (July 14, 2017): 2583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00705.

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Andrade, Daniela de Lourdes A. C. S., Wildemberg A. Freire, Sueila S. Araújo, Lucianna G. F. Vieira, Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa, Laura H. de Carvalho, Ailton S. Gomes, and Suédina Maria L. Silva. "Organophilization of Four Differents Bentonitic Clays with a Quaternary Ammonium Salt." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.67.

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Organophilic Bentonities clays are widely used for industrial purposes, as components of petroleum drilling fluids as well as in cosmetics, lubricants adhesives and paints. Most recent they have been used as fillers in polymer nanocomposites. In this work, three organophilic bentonitic clays from the distric of Boa Vista and one from Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, were synthesized and characterized. The four clays were treated with a quaternary chloride ammonium salt- dimethyl benzyl ammonium alkyl chloride (Dodigen 1611) provided by Chemco. The cation exchange and swelling capacities of the modified clays were determined and the clays were characterized by FTIR, Thermal Analysis (DTA, TGA) and X-ray diffraction. The results showed the modification of all four clays by the quaternary ammonium salt to be successful.

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Aeshala, Leela Manohar, Ramagopal Uppaluri, and Anil Verma. "Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to fuels: tuning of the reaction zone using suitable functional groups in a solid polymer electrolyte." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 33 (2014): 17588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02389g.

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The electrochemical reduction of gaseous CO₂ is studied for the first time using sterically hindered bulky quaternary ammonium ions in a solid polymer matrix at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a developed electrochemical reactor.

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NAMPITCH, TARINEE, and RATHANAWAN MAGARAPHAN. "EFFECT OF COAGULATING SKIM NR PARTICLES AS NR–CLAY NANOCOMPOSITE: PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 84, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548736.

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Abstract New materials of skim NR–clay nanocomposites were prepared by a coagulating method using several organoclays, i.e., dodecyl ammonium–montmorillonite, Cloisite 15A, Cloisite 20A, and Cloisite 25A, which were modified by dodecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl dehydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium chloride, dimethyl dehydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium chloride, and dimethyl hydrogenated tallow 2 ethylhexyl quaternary ammonium methyl sulfate, respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed that the intercalated nanocomposites were formed depending on the type and content of organoclays, and the excellent dispersion of clay in rubber matrix could be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy micrographs. In addition, thermal stability of the coagulated skim rubber–organoclay nanocomposites was improved as shown by the thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties and dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis revealed that hardness and storage modulus of nanocomposites were improved and the glass transition temperature of nanocomposites increased as compared with that of the pure skim NR. Thus, not only recovery of this significant fraction of the lost rubber material but also reinforced skim rubber particles were obtained by the use of a coagulating method using several organoclays.

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Nikulin, Sergey, and Viacheslav Misin. "Technological and ecological aspects of the practical application of quaternary ammonium salts in production of synthetic emulsion rubbers in Russia." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2008): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.02.147.

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In the review physical and chemical aspects and technological parameters of the rubbers production processes from industrial latex with application of ammonium halogenides, tetraalkylammonium salts, poly-(N,N-dimethyl-2-oxypropyleneammonium) chloride, poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride, and his copolymer with SO2 are considered. A significant ecological effect of polymeric flocculants application is shown.

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Ran, Jin, Cenfeng Fu, Liang Ding, Pengrui Cao, and Tongwen Xu. "Dual hydrophobic grafted chains facilitating quaternary ammonium aggregations of hydroxide conducting polymers: a theoretical and experimental investigation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 14 (2018): 5714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00500a.

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Shadmon, Hodaya, Arijit Basu, Lea H. Eckhard, Abraham J. Domb, and Nurit Beyth. "Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of heterocyclic quaternary ammonium polymers." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 18 (2018): 15427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj03392g.

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Golgovici, Florentina, Liana Anicai, Andreea Florea, and Teodor Visan. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Conducting Polymers Involving Deep Eutectic Solvents." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190206145036.

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Background: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent a new generation of ionic liquids which are widely promoted as “green solvents”. They are gaining widespread application in materials chemistry and electrochemistry. DESs are defined as eutectic mixtures of quaternary ammonium salt with a hydrogen bond donor in certain molar ratios. Their use as solvents for electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers could influence the polymer properties and reduce their economic cost. Objective: This review presents the most recent results regarding the electropolymerization of common conductive polymers involving choline chloride based ionic liquids. New findings from our laboratory on the electrochemical growth of conductive polymers are also discussed. Methods: The electrochemical polymerization mechanisms during synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using various formulations of DESs are reviewed, as well as their characteristics, mainly from surface morphology view point. Results: Some general information related to the preparation and characterization of DESs is also presented, followed by an overview of the recent advances in the field of electropolymerization using DESs. Conclusion: Electropolymerization of conducting polymers involving DESs represents an attractive route of synthesis due to their compositional flexibility which makes possible the preparation of unlimited formulations further influencing the polymer morphology and properties. The use of these inexpensive eutectic mixtures has a large potential to contribute to the development of more sustainable technological processes meeting many of the required features characteristic to the green chemistry.

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Fan, Xiaoyan, Xuehong Ren, Tung-Shi Huang, and Yuyu Sun. "Cytocompatible antibacterial fibrous membranes based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) and quaternarized N-halamine polymer." RSC Advances 6, no. 48 (2016): 42600–42610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08465f.

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A novel polymeric N-halamine-containing quaternary ammonium salt (PHQS) was synthesized and used to make antibacterial electrospun fibrous membranes by blending with biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB-4HB)).

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Cavallaro, Alex, Peter Majewski, Mary Barton, and Krasimir Vasilev. "Substrate Independent Approach for Immobilisation of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds to Surfaces to Reduce Bio-Burden." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1389.

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Bacterial contamination of biomedical devices is an ongoing problem. One method to alleviate such contamination is the introduction of surface compounds onto devices which can kill bacteria on contact. Polymers containing quaternary ammonium groups are known for their antimicrobial properties. Here we report a substrate-independent two-step method for the immobilisation of quaternary ammonium groups onto any type of surface. To achieve this glycidlytrimethylammonium chloride was covalently bound to plasma polymerised allylmine interlayer. Changes in the membrane permeability ofEscherichia coliwere observed by BacLight LIVE\DEAD staining. 30% ofE. coligrown on the treated surfaces showed high levels of membrane permeability within 4 hours. Importantly, there was no observable cytotoxic effect on human dermal fibroblasts.

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Deng, Shao Xin, Hu Wang, and Tie Hong Chen. "Solvent-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol by Resin Supported Noble Metal Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.234.

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Noble metal nanoparticle catalysts supported by resin were prepared by a simple adsorption method. Resin D261 is an organic polymer containing quaternary ammonium group. The specific interaction between quaternary ammonium groups and different kinds of noble metal precursors can be generally applied for the preparation of supported noble metal catalysts. Due to the specific interaction, an easy control of the loading of noble metal can be achieved. Furthermore, without using volatile organic solvents and calcinations in the preparation procedure, the method reported here is environmentally benign and economically feasible. The catalysts were tested in aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under solvent- and base-free conditions and exhibited high activity and excellent selectivity.

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Duy Thanh, Tran, Nguyen Dang Mao, Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan, Ha Thuc Chi Nhan, Ha Thuc Huy, and Anne-Cecile Grillet. "Study Structure and Properties of Nanocomposite Material Based on Unsaturated Polyester with Clay Modified by Poly(ethylene oxide)." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/841813.

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In recent years, polymer clay nanocomposites have been attracting considerable interests in polymers science because of their advantages. There are many scientists who researched about this kind of material and demonstrated that when polymer matrix was added to little weight of clay, properties were enhanced considerably. Because clay is a hydrophilic substance so it is difficult to use as filler in polymer matrix having hydrophobic nature, so clay needs to be modified to become compatible with polymer. In this study, poly(ethylene oxide) was used as a new modifier for clay to replace some traditional ionic surfactants such as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary alkyl ammonium or alkylphosphonium cations having the following disadvantages: disintegrate at high temperature, catalyze polymer degradation, and make nanoproducts colorific, and so forth. In order to evaluate modifying effect of poly(ethylene oxide), modified clay products were characterize d by X-ray spectrum. Then organoclay was used to prepare nanocomposite based on unsaturated polyester. Morphology and properties of nanocomposites were measure d by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, tensile strength, and thermal stability. The results showed that clay galleries changed to intercalated state in the nanocomposites. Properties of nanocomposites were improved a lot when the loading of the organoclay was used at 1 phr.

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Plavan, Viktoriia, Olena Ishchenko, Ilya Resnytskyi, Iryna Liashok, and Daria Kuchynska. "MODIFIED POLYSACCHARIDES APPLICATION FOR ANTISEPTIC LEATHER PROCESSING." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 4(18) (2019): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-4(18)-209-214.

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Urgency of the research. The leather is very sensitive to microbial degradation during processing, storage, transportation and use. Therefore, it is important to search for preparations and methods of leather treatment, providing specific fungicidal properties, depending on the purpose. Target setting. To establish the possibility of using a composition based on modified polysaccharides with the addition of PVA and Quaternary ammonium salts for leather treatment to give fungicidal properties. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Recent open access publications have been reviewed regarding polymeric materials, antiseptic and fungicidal preparations used to obtain of insole leather with special properties. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The principle of action of many fungicidal or bactericidal products when used together has not been established. In particular, in the case of the simultaneous use of modified polysaccharides and quaternary ammonium salts for antiseptic treatment of the leather. The research objective. The purpose of the work is to research antiseptic properties of the coating based on modified polysaccharides with the addition of quaternary ammonium salts (QASc) for insole leather. The statement of basic materials. It is established that the polymer composition based on modified starch and polyvinyl alcohol with the addition of a quarter of ammonium salts gives the leather antiseptic properties, this is proved by the delay of growth of microorganisms by 3-4 mm from the edge of the sample. The relative air permeability of the leather is reduced by almost half (from 1.18 · 103 to 0.54 · 103 cm3 / cm2 • h), the leather porosity is also reduced by 5-10 % and the stiffness is increased by 40 %. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that although treatment of leather surface by a solution CMS: PVA and QASс reduction of the tensile strength of leather but in its physical and mechanical properties the treated leather meets the requirements for the lining, has antiseptic properties and can be used for the manufacture of insoles.

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Lin, Thong-Yueh, Min-Hua Chen, and Tse-Chuan Chou. "Postpolymerization of quaternary ammonium acrylate polymer produced by electropolymerization." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 82, no. 5 (2001): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1941.

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Medeiros, Keila Machado, Vanessa Nóbrega Medeiros, Dayanne Diniz Souza Morais, Luana Rodrigues Kojuch, Edcleide Maria Araújo, and Hélio Lucena Lira. "Analysis of the Efficiency of Surface Treatment of Bentonite Clay for Application in Polymeric Membranes." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.493.

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The bentonite clay fillers are mostly used for the development of nanocomposites, due to having characteristics which provide to obtain in nanometric particles. The bentonite clay was treated with an ammonium quaternary salt to modify it to organophilic clay. The polymeric membranes and nanocomposites were prepared using the phase inversion technique. The bentonite and organophilic clays were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The membranes were characterized by XRD. The results of XRF, XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of quaternary ammonium salt in the organoclay structure. The XRD diffraction patterns of nanocomposites membrane showed exfoliated and/or partially exfoliated structure. According to the obtained results, it could be seen that the treatment performed on the surface of the clay was quite promising and efficient to be added as nanofillers on polymeric membranes.

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Radchanka, Aliaksandra V., Tatiana I. Terpinskaya, Tatsiana L. Yanchanka, Tatjana V. Balashevich, and Mikhail V. Artemyev. "Influence of calcium ions on physical chemical characteristics of semiconductor quantum dots encapsulated by amphiphilic polymer and their efficiency of cellular uptake." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Chemistry, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-257x-2020-2-3-16.

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Here, we studied the effect of calcium ions on the physicochemical properties and cellular uptake of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots encapsulated with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-tetradecene), modified to a varying extent by quaternary ammonium groups. It was shown that quantum dots carrying negatively charged carboxyl groups in the polymer shell change their physicochemical and optical characteristics in the presence of Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions. As the negatively charged carboxyl groups in the shell are completely replaced by positively charged quaternary ammonium groups, these effects gradually decrease. A change in the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles leads to a change in their cellular uptake in the presence of calcium ions. Nanoparticles carrying only negatively charged groups in the shell in the presence of Ca2+ agglomerate and form conglomerates of nanoparticles and cells. The positively charged quaternary ammonium groups in the polymer shell of the nanoparticles increase their aggregative stability in the presence of Ca2+ and contribute to their uptake by cells. The mechanisms of uptake depend on nanoparticle’s charge. Nanoparticles with a positive ζ potential are absorbed by calcium-dependent mechanisms, which are suppressed by inhibition of the calcium-dependent enzyme dynamin or in the presence of calcium chelator EGTA. The uptake of nanoparticles with a negative ζ potential, in contrast, is enhanced by the chelation of calcium ions. This indicates the different role of cellular calcium-dependent mechanisms in the uptake of positively and negatively charged nanoparticles.

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