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Journal articles on the topic 'Amnesty International'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Skrypnyk, Olena. "The role of the Amnesty International in the system of international relations." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (352) (2022): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2022-4(352)-138-148.

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The article examines the history of the international human rights organization Amnesty International, which since its inception has been constantly working around the world to stop human rights violations. The activity of this international organization from the moment of its foundation to the present is described. The covered Amnesty International’s fight against the abolition of the death penalty, protection of sexual rights, fight against discrimination to protect the rights of migrants and refugees, fight against apartheid, protection from torture, etc. The role of the international non-governmental organization Amnesty International in the system of global governance from its creation to the present period is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the activities of this international organization in Ukraine. Amnesty International has investigated and covered issues in Ukraine such as torture and ill-treatment in the army and prisons, the case of Georgy Gongadze and other journalists, and called on Ukraine to end criminal charges against journalists. With the beginning of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, Amnesty International has focused the world’s attention on the problem of the war in Ukraine. The author concludes that, despite the contradictory nature of its activities, this international organization has played and continues to play an important role in world politics. Today, it is one of the most famous and influential non-governmental organizations in the world. It investigates violations and abuses whenever and wherever, and requires governments and corporations to comply with their obligations and respect international law.

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2

Tesseur, Wine. "The translation challenges of INGOs." Translation Spaces 6, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.2.02tes.

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Abstract In the current climate where the legitimacy of Western-based international Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) is increasingly put under pressure, some NGOs have started to change their approach to translation, often as a consequence of structural changes within the organisation. This article focuses on the translation challenges of one such organisation, namely Amnesty International, and how it has aimed to deal with these. Drawing on ethnographic data, it describes the mission of Amnesty’s Language Resource Centre, which aims to support translation at Amnesty into a variety of languages. The article reveals some of the tensions between the use of professional translators, particularly for languages such as French, Spanish and Arabic, and the continued reliance of smaller Amnesty offices on volunteer translators. It demonstrates that despite the trend towards professionalisation, volunteer translation continues to represent a significant portion of Amnesty’s translation work.

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Ivzhenko, Diana. "Amnesty for combatants involved in armed condlicts: between peace and justice." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.83.

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The article deals with amnesty for combatants, who committed crimes in international armed conflicts or armed conflicts of non-international character in foreign countries, there are also explored conclusions and recommendations of international government and non-government organisations on exemption combatants from criminal liability. It’s obviously, that amnesty does not apply to the perpetrators of such crimes as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, torture, enforced disappearances, and some others. Considering the extended armed conflict in the east of Ukraine, it’s extremely necessary to examine the institution of amnesty within the context of diplomatic and peaceful measures of ending the conflict. As far as Ukraine is concerned, amnesty in Ukraine is a step towards general reconciliation of the society given serious work and understanding within the society is completed. Moreover, in article discussed the question on specificities of amnesty's implementation in context of armed conflict on temporary occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Special attention is focused on binding terms of amnesty for combatants. As a conclusion, author of this article states on some necessary conditions for implementing the amnesty for combatants in post-conflict society. These conditions are: Disarmament, demobilisation, reintegration. This is one of the most controversy and difficult steps. Combatants only then are going to be disarmed when they feel their safety under international and national law. There is a list of human rights violations that may not be pardoned by the amnesty: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The nation and victims of the armed conflict have to know the truth about all violations of human rights according to international humanitarian law and international human rights law. It’s important to understand, that amnesty is one of the institutions in oust-conflict society, that aimed for the end of the conflict, stabilisation of the politica; situation in the country, disarming and reintegration.

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4

O'Brien, Roderick. "Amnesty and International Law." Nordic Journal of International Law 74, no. 2 (2005): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571810054929486.

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AbstractAmnesties are proving as popular in the twenty-first century as they did in the twentieth. Wherever there is an attempt to end a conflict, there is often an amnesty. The author briefly surveys the characteristics of amnesties, and offers a simple taxonomy. The author next assesses the approach taken in international law to amnesties. The survey draws on the experience of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Subsequently the author looks ahead to the Proposed Extraordinary Chamber for Cambodia and the International Criminal Court. From this survey, two particular topics for international law are addressed: the right to a fair trial, and alternatives to courts (such as Truth and Reconciliation Commissions). Assuming that international law is going to be selective in its treatment of amnesties, the author offers a tentative model for an amnesty which will meet the needs of current international law.

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5

Hopgood, S. "DIGNITY AND ENNUI: Amnesty International, Amnesty International Report 2009: The State of the World's Human Rights, London: Amnesty International Publications." Journal of Human Rights Practice 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/hup025.

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6

Fomba, Diakaridia, Muhammad Misbahul Mujib, and Ahmed Hedieloum Kodio. "Amnesty Limits in International Criminal Law." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p69.

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This article examine the problems raised by amnesty in the domestic and international legal order in the context of national reconciliation. It examines the scope and limits of the amnesty law, justifying it by the exceptions made for international crimes and violations as far as international humanitarian law is concerned. Indeed, this paper deals with the domestic and international legal aspects of non-amnesty crimes that are recognized under conventional and customary international law as imprescriptible, through the experience of specialized international courts on the subject such as those of Rwanda, Sierra Leone, and the ICC.

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7

Dugard, John. "Dealing With Crimes of a Past Regime. Is Amnesty Still an Option?" Leiden Journal of International Law 12, no. 4 (December 1999): 1001–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000515.

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From time immemorial amnesty has been employed as a means of promoting a political settlement and advancing reconciliation in societies that have emerged from repression. At present there is a trend in support of prosecution of those who have committed international crimes, such as torture and crimes against humanity, which excludes the possibility of amnesty. That amnesty is no longer favored is illustrated by the failure of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to recognize amnesty as a defence to prosecution. While there is no place for unconditional amnesty in the contemporary international legal order an intermediate solution such as a Truth and Reconciliation Commission with power to grant amnesty after investigation, of the South African kind, may contribute to the achievement of peace and justice in a society in transition more effectively than mandatory prosecution.

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8

Reikin, Vitalii. "CAPITALS AMNESTY: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND DESHADOWING PROSPECTS FOR UKRAINE." Economic journal of Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University 15, no. 3 (2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2411-4014-2018-03-7-15.

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9

Cesarotti, Francesca. "L'Educazione ai Diritti Umani con Amnesty International per contrastare bullismo e cyber-bullismo." MINORIGIUSTIZIA, no. 2 (January 2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mg2021-002015.

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Il testo illustra alcuni esempi degli approcci e attività per i diritti umani legati ai programmi educativi di Amnesty international Italia per contrastare il bullismo e il cyber bullismo tra bambini e adolescenti in ambienti educativi formali e non formali. I principi e i metodi educativi tratti dal movimento globale amnesty international e come sono stati messi in pratica a livello locale e nazionale da amnesty international italia.

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10

Amin, M. Yakub. "Amnesti Umum Nabi Muhammad SAW pada Peristiwa Fathu mekkah." Politea 4, no. 1 (June 26, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/politea.v4i1.10527.

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<span>Fathu Makkah is a historical record of the glory of the Prophet Muhammad who proved the conquest without blood. Fathu Mecca is an authentic proof that general forgiveness or amnesty can be given to the people despite how wrong they were in the past. General Amnesty at the time of Fathu Mecca was proven when not a single blood was shed and unconditional forgiveness was given by the Prophet. The current general amnesty carried out by the international community is no more than a political decision wrapped in rhetoric of peace and humanity. Meanwhile, the Prophet's decision to amnesty was purely due to his humanity and love for peace. There are several points that can be studied at the Fathu Makkah amnesty, namely: Peace Diplomacy Before the Fathu Mecca Incident, Unconditional Forgiveness, Amnesty Fathu Makkah is Better than Amnesty International that Has Been There, The Humanism Attitude of the Prophet in the Fathu Mecca Amnesty</span>

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11

Ginanjar, Wahyu Rozzaqi. "Peran NGO dalam Tata Kelola Global: Keterlibatan Amnesty International dalam UN Summit for Refugee and Migrant 2016." Insignia: Journal of International Relations 7, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.1.2277.

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The refugee crisis is a global problem that needs serious attention. Responsibility-sharing is a core tenet of international responses to refugee crises. However, global governance, within the framework of the global refugee regime, is often practically ineffective to respond such problems. In this aspect, conceptual evaluation and reform are needed. In this particular momentum, civil society groups are able to be involved, in both performance evaluation and framework formulation related to global governance on refugees. One of the formal form of civil society is a non-governmental organization (NGO). Amnesty International is one of the NGOs involved in the process of evaluating and reforming global governance on refugees. This article aims to find out the form of Amnesty International's involvement in global governance on refugees. This study used descriptive-qualitative method. The findings in this article are that Amnesty International has a direct involvement in order to evaluate and to reform the global governance framework related to refugees through the 2016 UN High Summit for Refugee and Migrant. This involvement was demonstrated through performance evaluations and proposals for more genuine responsibility-sharing, both at the conceptual and technical level. Amnesty International in this involvement pursued an agenda that has two dimensions, namely: the dimension of institutional evolution and the agenda dimension.

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12

Bratholm, Anders. "Norsk påtalemyndighet mot Amnesty International." Lov og Rett 28, no. 04 (April 1, 1989): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3061-1989-04-01.

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13

Combeaud Bonallack, Patricia. "Amnesty International Language Resource Centre." Translation and Interpreting in Non-Governmental Organisations 7, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.00005.com.

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Abstract In the wake of profound structural and organizational changes stemming from an institutional restructure as part of the Global Transition Programme and the Governance Reform undertaken to transform Amnesty International into a truly global movement, the Amnesty International Language Resource Centre examines the role it must play in order to align with the new operating model and evaluates the position it should reach so as to contribute to organizational aspirations for increased diversity and inclusion, as well as integrated approaches to working practices. This paper presents, in broad terms, the operational impact the structural changes have had on its language activities and reaffirms the Language Resource Centre’s crucial contribution to advancing the human rights agenda as a language service provider and strategic language advisor.

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14

Kirby, Justice Micheal. "Human Rights - the Way Forward." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 31, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v31i4.5932.

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The following paper was presented at the inaugural Michael Hirschfeld Memorial Address hosted by the Amnesty International Freedom Foundation on 30 October 1999. Michael Hirschfeld was instrumental in establishing the Freedom Foundation in 1989. He wanted to help stabilise Amnesty International's financial base in order to guarantee the organisation's research and international campaigning efforts against gross human rights violations such as unfair imprisonment, torture and killings. His death at the beginning of 1999 shocked and saddened fellow Freedom Foundation members who determined to establish this annual event to honour his memory and his commitment to international human rights.

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15

Forest, Isabelle. "Amnesty international : Barbarie contre les femmes." Cahiers du féminisme 57, no. 1 (1991): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cafem.1991.4035.

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16

Coudriou, Cécile, and Pascal Boniface. "Amnesty International, vigie des droits humains." Revue internationale et stratégique N° 124, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ris.124.0007.

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17

BUCHANAN, T. "Amnesty International in Crisis, 1966-7." Twentieth Century British History 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 267–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/15.3.267.

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18

Murphy, Fiona, and Brian Ruane. "Amnesty International and human rights education." Child Care in Practice 9, no. 4 (October 2003): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357527032000169054.

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19

The Lancet. "Half a century of Amnesty International." Lancet 377, no. 9780 (May 2011): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60768-x.

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20

Dugard, John. "South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Process and International Humanitarian Law." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2 (December 1999): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000441.

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Since its establishment in 1995, the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission has captured the attention of an international community preoccupied with the problem of dealing with crimes of the past in divided societies. While the creation of a permanent international criminal court to punish those guilty of atrocities constituting international crimes has been the first priority, the international community has, albeit grudgingly, accepted that there may be circumstances in which amnesty and reconciliation hold out more hope for troubled societies than punishment. This realisation has led to the search for an acceptable alternative to punishment that does not result in absolute amnesty for those guilty of gross human rights abuses. The South African model, of conditional amnesty accompanied by the uncovering of the past, appears to offer such an alternative. This factor, together with the relief over the fact that apartheid has at last been laid to rest, accounts for the interest shown in the South African experience.The present note will not attempt to describe and analyse the South African precedent in detail. Instead it will provide an overview of the history, establishment and work of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC); examine the significance of the Report of the TRC for international humanitarian law; and consider the status of amnesty under contemporary international law in the context of the South African experience.

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21

Bahar, Saba. "Human Rights Are Women's Right: Amnesty International and the Family." Hypatia 11, no. 1 (1996): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1996.tb00509.x.

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This essay examines why the recent recognition of human rights violations against women, as exemplified by Amnesty International's 1995 report on women, remains bound to the limitations of traditional approaches to human rights. The essay argues that despite Amnesty International's commitment to incorporating violations against women into its activities, it nevertheless upholds questionable assumptions about the gendered subject, gender relations within the family, and the relationship between the family and the state.

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22

Kristina Sianturi, Yanti, and Irza Khurun'in. "Amnesty International dan Penghapusan Hukuman Mati di Malaysia." Transformasi Global 7, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.2020.007.02.4.

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Malaysia is a country where the death penalty is still present and frequently practiced. It is due to different understandings of the death penalty itself. The absence of the Malaysian government in various international human rights treaties also increases unfair trials on death row inmates. The high number of death row inmates in Malaysia represents a severe human rights violation. The abolition of the death penalty is one of the current global human rights agendas. It goes against the right to live regulated by various international human rights instruments, such as the ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and the Declaration of Human Rights. One of the INGOs actively advocating the abolition of the death penalty in Malaysia is Amnesty International. This study looks at Amnesty International’s transnational advocacy tactics in encouraging the death penalty abolition in Malaysia from 2015 to 2018. The method used is descriptive research by collecting primary and secondary data and using transnational advocacy networks by Keck and Sikkink. The results of this research show that the efforts used by Amnesty International in this advocacy include information politics, symbolic politics, leverage politics, and accountability politics.

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23

Van Reenen, Piet. "The Amnesty Adventure; Amnesty International's Police Group in the Netherlands." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 15, no. 4 (December 1997): 475–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405199701500404.

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The Dutch section of Amnesty International has a group of police officers working for human rights. This group, the professional group of police, is one of the various professional groups that AI has. As a police group it is unique in the world. In this article, the history and the activities of the group are described and the success-factors indicated. An attempt is made to answer the question why such a group could develop in the Netherlands and why efforts to do so elsewhere have mainly failed.

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24

Daniels, Lesley-Ann. "How and When Amnesty during Conflict Affects Conflict Termination." Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, no. 9 (March 25, 2020): 1612–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002720909884.

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In the difficult process of ending civil wars, granting amnesty during conflict is seen as a useful option, with an underpinning assumption that trading justice for peace is effective. However, is the case? This article tries to bring some clarity to when and how amnesty given during conflict has an impact. Amnesty should have different effects on diverse conflict endings: negotiated settlement, rebel victory, government victory, or conflict reduction. The article also disaggregates amnesties to test direct impacts as an incentive or through reducing the commitment problem, and indirect effects that give military advantage to the government. Using a cross-national data set of amnesties in dyadic conflicts from 1975 to 2011, the research finds that amnesty’s strongest effect is, surprisingly, not as an incentive but rather to reduce commitment problems. It can lead to negotiated settlements but also to government military advantage. The results have implications for negotiations and conflict resolution.

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25

Ssenyonjo, Manisuli. "The International Criminal Court and the Lord's Resistance Army Leaders: Prosecution or Amnesty?" International Criminal Law Review 7, no. 2-3 (2007): 361–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156753607x204266.

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AbstractOn 13 October 2005, the International Criminal Court (ICC) Pre-Trial Chamber II unsealed the warrants of arrest for five senior leaders of the Lord's Resistance Army/Movement (LRA/M) for crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in Uganda since July 2002. While these warrants were yet to be executed, the Ugandan government entered negotiations with the LRA/M rebels. As a result Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni, disregarding the ICC arrest warrants, announced a 'total amnesty' for the LRA combatants in July 2006 on the condition that the rebels renounced terrorism and accepted peace. Following the amnesty offer, an agreement on cessation of hostilities between the Ugandan government and the LRA/M was concluded with effect from 29 August 2006. This article considers the question whether a 'total amnesty' to individuals indicted by the ICC may be binding upon the ICC.

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26

Ahmad, Khabir. "Amnesty International denounces treatment of Saudi women." Lancet 356, no. 9237 (October 2000): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)73860-5.

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27

Chelala, César. "Amnesty International condemns US human-rights violations." Lancet 352, no. 9136 (October 1998): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)70516-x.

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28

Afshar, Ahmadreza. "Hands on Stamps: Amnesty International on Stamps." Journal of Hand Surgery 41, no. 3 (March 2016): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.07.028.

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29

Baker, Philip. "China-Torture and Ill-treatment of Prisoners. Compiled by Amnesty International. [London: Amnesty International Publications, 1987. 46 pp.”." China Quarterly 115 (September 1988): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000027673.

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30

Lestari, Dannisa Maulita, and Indra Novianto Adibayu Pamungkas. "COMMUNICATION STRATEGY FOR TAX AMNESTY SOCIALIZATION." ENSAINS JOURNAL 2, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/ensains.v2i2.227.

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Abstract: The Tax Amnesty Program in Indonesia has been successfully implemented by the Directorate General of Taxes. With the communication strategy made by the Directorate General of Taxation P2Humas Directorate of Taxes, the tax amnesty program was awarded the world level organized by the International Public Relations Association (IPRA), the Golden World Award for Excellent in Public Relations 2018 in the Public Sector. IPRA considered that this tax amnesty program has bern achieved and remarkable achievements from the time which took place in mid-2016 to 2017. The purpose of this study is to know rhat communication strategie s such as what was done by the P2Humas Directorate in disseminating the Tax Amnesty program. This research use qualitative methods with qualitative descriptive research and constructivist paradigms. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the communication strategy carried out by the P2Humas Directorate in disseminating the Tax Amnesty program was to use all communication media, establish cooperative relations and conduct face-to-face socialization. Keywords: communication strategy, Public Relations, Amnesty Tax

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31

Rush, Gavin, and Declan Lyons. "Universal rights and mental illness in Ireland." Psychiatric Bulletin 28, no. 4 (April 2004): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.4.114.

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The human rights group Amnesty International has recently expanded the range of rights it promotes to include the right of persons with mental illness to enjoy the best available mental health care. The Irish section of Amnesty has launched a report and promotional campaign on the rights of persons with mental illness, using internationally recognised norms of best practice reflected in international conventions that generate binding legal obligations of the Irish state. The report is critical of piecemeal reforms and inadequate resourcing of mental health services, and calls for a more comprehensive implementation of the recommendations of domestic and international reports.

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Nagy, Rosemary. "Violence, Amnesty and Transitional Law: “private” Acts and “public” Truth in South Africa." African Journal of Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2004): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221097312x13397499735869.

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AbstractWhereas amnesty is generally associated with impunity and denial, in South Africa, amnesty was pulled into the reach of justice and reconciliation. This article assesses the extent to which South Africa's amnesty fulfilled these normative goals. It centers on the difficulty of differentiating between “private” acts and “political” crimes deserving of amnesty. It argues that the determination of political crimes obfuscated the full extent of apartheid violence and responsibility for it. Consequently, the amnesty process produced a truncated “truth” about apartheid violence that was insufficient to the task of overcoming the past. This is in part an intractable problem embedded in the conflicting tasks of transitional law. The lesson of hope that South Africa offers to other transitional nations is that amnesty should be wound into the promises of democracy without creating false expectations of reconciliation or simplistic truths about the past.

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McGregor, Lorna. "Individual Accountability in South Africa: Cultural Optimum or Political Facade?" American Journal of International Law 95, no. 1 (January 2001): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2642035.

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Transitional states have elected divergent strategies in dealing with their pasts. Some have opted not to confront the past at all by invoking general amnesty laws, whereas others have determined that some form of accountability is needed. Postapartheid South Africa presents a novel illustration of the attempts of a transitional state to balance the legal, political, practical, and cultural interests of its society as it moves toward the democratic ideal. In this vein, the purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine whether individual amnesty was the optimal method of accountability for South Africa to deal with its past; and second, to analyze the extent to which the Amnesty Committee has succeeded in its application of the individual-amnesty provisions and the effects of those efforts.

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34

Turner, Stuart, and Caroline Gorst-Unsworth. "Psychological Sequelae of Torture." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 4 (October 1990): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.4.475.

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Torture is one of the most important preventable causes of psychological morbidity. Amnesty International (1987) has reported the use of “brutal torture and ill-treatment” in over 90 countries in the 1980s. In some countries torture has been applied on such a widespread scale and in such an arbitrary manner that whole populations are affected. In Kampuchea under the Pol Pot regime, for example, genocide and torture took place on a massive scale; indeed, merely wearing spectacles became for many a capital offence (Amnesty International, 1983). Similar reports abound from many other countries and regions.

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Maggio, Meg. "Women in China – Imprisoned and Abused for Dissent. By Amnesty International. [London: Amnesty International, 28 June 1995. 27 PP.]." China Quarterly 145 (March 1996): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000044325.

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36

Daniels, Lesley-Ann. "Stick Then Carrot: When Do Governments Give Amnesty during Civil War?" International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab008.

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Abstract Governments grant amnesties to rebel groups during civil wars and this is a puzzle. Why would the government offer an amnesty, which can be interpreted as a signal of weakness? In certain circumstances, offering amnesty is a rational policy choice. Governments should give amnesties when they are winning: the risk of misinterpreted signals is lessened, costs are low, rebel groups are weakened, and so amnesty can be used instrumentally to encourage defection or division among foot soldiers or as an incentive to leaders. Therefore, the government capitalizes on its military advantage and offers amnesty in a “stick then carrot” tactic. Using a database of amnesties during conflicts from 1990 to 2011, the article shows that governments are more likely to give amnesties following high rebel deaths. The use of amnesty during conflict is nuanced and context is important when understanding strategic choices.

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Tesseur, Wine. "Institutional Multilingualism in NGOs: Amnesty International’s Strategic Understanding of Multilingualism." Meta 59, no. 3 (February 11, 2015): 557–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1028657ar.

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Institutional multilingualism is most often associated with large intergovernmental institutions such as the European Union and the United Nations. Institutional multilingualism in non-governmental organisations (NGOs), however, has remained invisible to a large extent. Like international governmental organisations (IGOs), NGOs operate across linguistic borders. This raises the question whether NGOs use language and translation in the same way as IGOs. The present article takes Amnesty International as a case study, and explores what institutional multilingualism means for this organisation, how it is reflected in its language policy, and how it is put into practice. By gaining insight into the particular case of Amnesty International, this article aims to make a contribution to institutional translation studies.

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Christiansen, Lars, and Keith Dowding. "Pluralism or State Autonomy? The Case of Amnesty International (British Section): The Insider/Outsider Group." Political Studies 42, no. 1 (March 1994): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1994.tb01671.x.

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This paper presents a case study of Amnesty International's relationship with the British Government. It demonstrates that Amnesty has a close working relationship with the Foreign Office over human rights violations abroad but is excluded from policy formation with regard to human rights in Britain. The differential treatment accorded to this legitimate group within different policy networks is discussed with regard to pluralist and state autonomy theories. It concludes that present accounts of pluralism cannot be empirically differentiated from reasonable theories of state autonomy.

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García, Alexandra. "Transitional (In)Justice: An Exploration of Blanket Amnesties and the Remaining Controversies Around the Spanish Transition to Democracy." International Journal of Legal Information 43, no. 2_3 (2015): 75–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500012506.

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“Blanket amnesties” have generally been declared to be incompatible with international law due to the fact that they shield perpetrators of serious crimes from accountability as well as conflict with established principles regarding the applicability of statutory limitations to certain criminal offenses. The repeal of theFull StopandDue Obediencelaws in Argentina set a crucial precedent in the process toward the abrogation of legislation leading to impunity for those responsible for grave violations ofjus cogens.Additionally, permitting the prosecutions of Nazi officers Klaus Barbie and Erich Priebke in Europe confirmed the customary principle of the non-applicability of statutory limitations to crimes against humanity. However, for nearly 40 years, Spain's amnesty legislation continues to preclude any investigation or prosecution of the crimes committed during the civil war (1936–1939) and the Francoist regime (1939–1975). Spain's 1977 Amnesty Act has been widely characterized as a blanket amnesty and remains in force today despite allegations of noncompliance with international law and numerous requests from United Nations bodies to repeal it. This article explores the history of Spain's 1977 Amnesty Act, compares and contrasts it with other nations with similar amnesties, and makes the case that a successful transition from an authoritarian regime to a peaceful democracy is feasible without the use of overly broad “blanket” amnesties.

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Ulltveit-Moe, Tracy. "Amnesty International and Indigenous Rights: Congruence or Conflict?" American Indian Law Review 31, no. 2 (2006): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20070805.

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Kumar, Sanjay. "Amnesty International highlights children's rights in south Asia." Lancet 351, no. 9112 (May 1998): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79076-0.

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Arsanjani, Mahnoush H. "The International Criminal Court and National Amnesty Laws." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 93 (1999): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700066921.

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Thakur, Ramesh. "Human Rights: Amnesty International and the United Nations." Journal of Peace Research 31, no. 2 (May 1994): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343394031002003.

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Baehr, Peter R. "Amnesty International and its Self-Imposed Limited Mandate." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 12, no. 1 (March 1994): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934419401200102.

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This article deals with the development of the self-imposed limited mandate of Amnesty International and the considerations which are taken into account. The organization has gradually expanded its field of attention. It is suggested in this article that, although expanded, the mandate still remains ‘limited’ and in line with the principles as envisaged when the organization was founded in 1961. An important expansion or re-interpretation of the mandate took place at the International Council meeting in 1991. The article deals with the meaning of the mandate, the criteria which have to be met, the users of the mandate, and deals with three pertinent illustrations of mandate debates: the violence clause, political non-governmental entities and homosexuality.

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Winston, Morton Emanuel. "Keepers of the Flame: Understanding Amnesty International (review)." Human Rights Quarterly 28, no. 4 (2006): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2006.0055.

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O'Shea, Andreas. "Pinochet and Beyond: The International Implications of Amnesty." South African Journal on Human Rights 16, no. 4 (January 2000): 642–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02587203.2000.11827609.

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Dubru, Marc. "Amnesty International présent dans deux armées de I'OTAN." Military Law and the Law of War Review 29, no. 1-2 (December 1990): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.1990.1-2.46.

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Feinerman, James V. "China: Punishment Without Crime: Administrative Detention. By Amnesty International. [London & New York: Amnesty International Publications, 1991. 62 pp. $6.00.]." China Quarterly 130 (June 1992): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000041023.

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Treacy, Noel. "Amnesty International: information for human rights activism in Africa." African Research & Documentation 93 (2003): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00017799.

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Along with the enormous growth in information made available by digital technology, which has had such an impact on our profession in the last fifteen years, Amnesty International has also undergone major changes in its approach to protecting human rights. So, before examining information and activism, I will briefly describe Amnesty International and its work on human rights, then look at the changes that it has undergone and give an outline of the movement's structure before going on to discuss information flow and how this contributes to activism in Africa. I will conclude with the challenges to both our activism in Africa and to our information work to support this activism.Amnesty International is a membership organisation campaigning for the protection and promotion of human rights. It is largely funded by members’ activities and does not receive money from governments or political parties. There are about one million members worldwide and every two years an international meeting is held that decides the priorities of the movement.

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Jørgensen, Nina H. B. "The Scope and Effect of the Algerian Law Relating to the Reestablishment of Civil Concord." Leiden Journal of International Law 13, no. 3 (September 2000): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000431.

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On 13 July 1999 Algeria joined the growing list of countries that have adopted some form of ‘amnesty law’ as a means of restoring peace and encouraging reconciliation. After a brief description of the historical context, this article examines the features of the Algerian Civil Concord Law. This law is then used as a backdrop in considering eight ways in which modern amnesty laws may be drafted and adopted to ensure compliance with developing principles of international law.

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