Academic literature on the topic 'Amniotes animal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Amniotes animal"
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Card, Daren C., W. Bryan Jennings, and Scott V. Edwards. "Genome Evolution and the Future of Phylogenomics of Non-Avian Reptiles." Animals 13, no. 3 (2023): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030471.
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Non-avian reptiles comprise a large proportion of amniote vertebrate diversity, with squamate reptiles—lizards and snakes—recently overtaking birds as the most species-rich tetrapod radiation. Despite displaying an extraordinary diversity of phenotypic and genomic traits, genomic resources in non-avian reptiles have accumulated more slowly than they have in mammals and birds, the remaining amniotes. Here we review the remarkable natural history of non-avian reptiles, with a focus on the physical traits, genomic characteristics, and sequence compositional patterns that comprise key axes of variation across amniotes. We argue that the high evolutionary diversity of non-avian reptiles can fuel a new generation of whole-genome phylogenomic analyses. A survey of phylogenetic investigations in non-avian reptiles shows that sequence capture-based approaches are the most commonly used, with studies of markers known as ultraconserved elements (UCEs) especially well represented. However, many other types of markers exist and are increasingly being mined from genome assemblies in silico, including some with greater information potential than UCEs for certain investigations. We discuss the importance of high-quality genomic resources and methods for bioinformatically extracting a range of marker sets from genome assemblies. Finally, we encourage herpetologists working in genomics, genetics, evolutionary biology, and other fields to work collectively towards building genomic resources for non-avian reptiles, especially squamates, that rival those already in place for mammals and birds. Overall, the development of this cross-amniote phylogenomic tree of life will contribute to illuminate interesting dimensions of biodiversity across non-avian reptiles and broader amniotes.
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Sadguru, Prakash. "MEDICO-ETHNOZOOLOGICAL STUDIES ON AMNIOTES FAUNA OF DEVIPATAN DIVISION OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 5, no. 5 (2020): 222–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4059633.
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The medico-ethnozoological survey was carried out in 46 village of Tharu community inhibited at Indo-Nepal border of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Interviews of local healers were conducted to collect the indigenous knowledge recording use of amniotes animals to cure the human diseases. Total of 24 species of amniotes were identified as medicinal importance. Out of 24 amniotes, 11 are fishes, 4 amphibians and 9 are the reptiles. The low cost and almost no side effects of the ethnozoological preparations made them adaptable for use by the local communities particularly curing various ailments of human being. An attempt has been made to document the ethnozootherapeutics and folk claims
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Birchard, G. F., and C. L. Reiber. "A COMPARISON OF AVIAN AND REPTILIAN CHORIOALLANTOIC VASCULAR DENSITY." Journal of Experimental Biology 178, no. 1 (1993): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.178.1.245.
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Oviparous amniotes exchange respiratory gases across a specialized vascular membrane, the chorioallantois. Although many investigations into the physiology of amniote eggs, particularly those of the chicken, have been carried out, there is no comparative information about the chorioallantoic membrane. Given the differences in size and phylogeny, it might be expected that significant morphological differences exist in this gas-exchange organ.
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HOUSSAYE, Alexandra. "âPachyostosisâ in aquatic amniotes: a review." Integrative Zoology 4, no. 4 (2009): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00146.x.
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Arbour, Victoria M., and Lindsay E. Zanno. "The evolution of tail weaponization in amniotes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1871 (2018): 20172299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2299.
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Weaponry, for the purpose of intraspecific combat or predator defence, is one of the most widespread animal adaptations, yet the selective pressures and constraints governing its phenotypic diversity and skeletal regionalization are not well understood. Here, we investigate the evolution of tail weaponry in amniotes, a rare form of weaponry that nonetheless evolved independently among a broad spectrum of life including mammals, turtles and dinosaurs. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we test for links between morphology, ecology and behaviour in extant amniotes known to use the tail as a weapon, and in extinct taxa bearing osseous tail armaments. We find robust ecological and morphological correlates of both tail lashing behaviour and bony tail weaponry, including large body size, body armour and herbivory, suggesting these life-history parameters factor into the evolution of antipredator behaviours and tail armaments. We suggest that the evolution of tail weaponry is rare because large, armoured herbivores are uncommon in extant terrestrial faunas, as they have been throughout evolutionary history.
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Blackburn, Daniel G. "Classification of the Reproductive Patterns of Amniotes." Herpetological Monographs 14 (2000): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1467051.
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Gao, Jing, Wen Zhang, Wei Dang, et al. "Heat shock protein expression enhances heat tolerance of reptile embryos." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1791 (2014): 20141135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1135.
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The role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in heat tolerance has been demonstrated in cultured cells and animal tissues, but rarely in whole organisms because of methodological difficulties associated with gene manipulation. By comparing HSP70 expression patterns among representative species of reptiles and birds, and by determining the effect of HSP70 overexpression on embryonic development and hatchling traits, we have identified the role of HSP70 in the heat tolerance of amniote embryos. Consistent with their thermal environment, and high incubation temperatures and heat tolerance, the embryos of birds have higher onset and maximum temperatures for induced HSP70 than do reptiles, and turtles have higher onset and maximum temperatures than do lizards. Interestingly, the trade-off between benefits and costs of HSP70 overexpression occurred between life-history stages: when turtle embryos developed at extreme high temperatures, HSP70 overexpression generated benefits by enhancing embryo heat tolerance and hatching success, but subsequently imposed costs by decreasing heat tolerance of surviving hatchlings. Taken together, the correlative and causal links between HSP70 and heat tolerance provide, to our knowledge, the first unequivocal evidence that HSP70 promotes thermal tolerance of embryos in oviparous amniotes.
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Elinson, Richard P., and Yvonne Beckham. "Development in frogs with large eggs and the origin of amniotes." Zoology 105, no. 2 (2002): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0944-2006-00060.
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Chojnowski, J. L., and E. L. Braun. "Turtle isochore structure is intermediate between amphibians and other amniotes." Integrative and Comparative Biology 48, no. 4 (2008): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icn062.
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Patel, Sonam, Isha Ranadive, Pranav Buch, Kashmira Khaire, and Suresh Balakrishnan. "De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis of Differential Gene Expression among Various Stages of Tail Regeneration in Hemidactylus flaviviridis." Journal of Developmental Biology 10, no. 2 (2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb10020024.
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Across the animal kingdom, lizards are the only amniotes capable of regenerating their lost tail through epimorphosis. Of the many reptiles, the northern house gecko, Hemidactylus flaviviridis, is an excellent model system that is used for understanding the mechanism of epimorphic regeneration. A stage-specific transcriptome profile was generated in the current study following an autotomized tail with the HiSeq2500 platform. The reads obtained from de novo sequencing were filtered and high-quality reads were considered for gene ontology (GO) annotation and pathway analysis. Millions of reads were recorded for each stage upon de novo assembly. Up and down-regulated transcripts were categorized for early blastema (EBL), blastema (BL) and differentiation (DF) stages compared to the normal tail (NT) by differential gene expression analysis. The transcripts from developmentally significant pathways such as FGF, Wnt, Shh and TGF-β/BMP were present during tail regeneration. Additionally, differential expression of transcripts was recorded from biological processes, namely inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell migration. Overall, the study reveals the stage-wise transcriptome analysis in conjunction with cellular processes as well as molecular signaling pathways during lizard tail regeneration. The knowledge obtained from the data can be extrapolated to configure regenerative responses in other amniotes, including humans, upon loss of a complex organ.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Amniotes animal"
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Hieronymus, Tobin L. "Osteological Correlates of Cephalic Skin Structures in Amniota: Documenting the Evolution of Display and Feeding Structures with Fossil Data." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1237491191.
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Pontes, Kelly Cristine de Sousa. "Utilização de membrana amniótica canina como bandagem no tratamento de úlcera experimental da córnea estudo clínico, histológico e morfométrico em coelhos." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5110.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-15<br>União de Ensino Superior de Viçosa - UNIVIÇOSA<br>The amniotic membrane has been widely used in the repair of corneal ulcers showing good results as it exhibits anti-adhesive effect and bacteriostatics properties, it protects the wound, reduces pain, participates in the epithelization and is not immunogenic. This membrane can be used on corneal ulcers as a graft or a patch depending on its position. A superficial keratectomy was made on all of the 28 animals included in this study. On the resulted corneal ulcer of the 14 animals of the treated group an amniotic membrane was used as patch sutured with its epithelial surface over the experimentally made ulcer. The control group did not receive the patch. The animals were submitted to clinical evaluations 24 hours after the proceedings, at a two-day interval during the first week and at a four-day interval from the second week until 180 days after surgeries. The histological and morphometric analysis were undertaken at 1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 60 e 180 days after surgery. The amniotic membrane s effect as a patch and its incorporation to the cornea were evaluated. The time needed for the corneal repair of the treated group was compared to the control and the time needed for the cornea s complete transparence was observed. Glycerin at 99% was evaluated as a preservation medium and the binocular magnifying glass was evaluated during surgeries. The corneal opacity was always present both in the treated and the control group during 180 days. The membrane retained the inflammatory cells on its surface and provided an improvement on the repair process at the beginning, but at some point it delayed this process and its conclusion. The membrane and the trauma caused by the suture needle leaded to discomfort, conjunctival congestion, ocular secretion and stimulated neovascularization and corneal fibrosis. There was no incorporation of the membrane to the cornea. The glycerin at 99% acted efficiently as a preservation medium when analyzing contamination, but its anti-angiogenesis characteristics were lost. The binocular magnifying glass was efficient during these works proceedings.<br>A membrana amniótica tem sido amplamente utilizada na reparação de úlceras de córnea, demonstrando resultados satisfatórios por possuir efeito antiadesivo, propriedades bacteriostáticas, promover a proteção da lesão, reduzir a dor, auxiliar na epitelização e não possuir imunogenicidade. Esta membrana pode ser utilizada em lesões da córnea como enxerto ou como bandagem dependendo do seu posicionamento. Neste estudo, foi realizada a ceratectomia superficial em 28 coelhos. No grupo tratado, composto por 14 animas, utilizou-se a membrana amniótica canina como bandagem, suturada com sua face epitelial aplicada sobre o leito da úlcera experimental. O grupo controle não recebeu tratamento. A avaliação clínica foi realizada a partir de 24 horas após a realização dos procedimentos, em intervalos de 2 dias na primeira semana e de 4 dias da segunda semana até os 180 dias de pósoperatório. A avaliação histológica e morfométrica foram realizadas aos 1, 2, 7, 15, 30, 60 e 180 dias após a cirurgia. Observaram-se os efeitos da membrana amniótica como bandagem e sua incorporação à córnea. Comparou-se o tempo de reparação da córnea entre os grupos e verificou-se o período para que a córnea apresentasse transparência completa. Avaliaram-se ainda a eficácia da glicerina a 99% como meio de preservação das membranas e da lupa binocular como instrumento de magnificação do campo operatório nos procedimentos cirúrgicos. A opacidade corneana esteve presente em todos os animais, tanto no grupo tratado como no grupo controle, durante os 180 dias. A membrana atuou contendo as células inflamatórias em sua superfície e promoveu um avanço no início do processo de reparação, porém a partir de determinado momento retardou a sua conclusão; e juntamente com o trauma causado pela agulha de sutura causou desconforto, congestão conjuntival, secreção ocular e estimulou a neovascularização e a fibrose na córnea. Não houve incorporação da membrana à córnea. A glicerina a 99% atuou satisfatoriamente como meio de preservação da membrana no que diz respeito à contaminação, mas suas características antiangiogênicas foram perdidas. A lupa binocular mostrou ser eficiente na realização dos procedimentos cirúrgicos envolvidos neste trabalho.
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Baulier, Edouard. "Évaluation du potentiel thérapeutique des cellules souches issues du liquide amniotique et de la fraction vasculaire stromale du tissu adipeux dans un modèle pré-clinique porcin de donneur décédé après arrêt cardiaque : application à la transplantation rénale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT1405.
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La transplantation rénale, thérapie de choix de l'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale, est limitée par une pénurie d'organes. Les greffons issus de donneurs décédés par arrêt cardiaque (DDAC) peuvent contribuer à pallier à cette pénurie au prix de stratégies thérapeutiques visant à améliorer l'issue de la transplantation. Les cellules souches mésenchymateuses (MSC) de l'organisme adulte ont des propriétés de sécrétion, d'immunomodulation et de différenciation intéressantes dans ce contexte.L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer, dans un modèle pré-clinique porcin de DDAC, le potentiel thérapeutique de deux populations cellulaires d'intérêt : les MSC issues du liquide amniotique (AFSC) et les cellules de la fraction vasculaire stromale du tissu adipeux (SVF). Les AFSC porcines injectées dans l'artère rénale 7 jours post-greffe, en raison de leur sensibilité à une séquence d'hypoxie réoxygénation (HR) in vitro, accélèrent la reprise de fonction et réduisent l'extension des lésions chroniques du greffon et sont détectées dans le rein 24h après injection. La SVF porcine, phénotypiquement proche de celle de l'Homme, est moins sensible à cette séquence d'HR et peut être injectée dans l'artère du greffon à sa reperfusion sans perturbation du flux sanguin rénal, avec une rétention des cellules dans le rein 24h post injection.Ce travail met en évidence le rôle bénéfique des AFSC dans la réparation des lésions ischémie-reperfusion des greffons issus des DDAC, ainsi que la faisabilité de l'injection de la SVF dans l'artère rénale après transplantation, et ouvre des pistes pour l'optimisation les protocoles d'administration de produits de thérapie cellulaire en transplantation<br>Kidney transplantation is the best therapeutic option for end stage chronic kidney failure, but is limited by transplant shortage. Use of transplants from deceased after cardiac death donors (DCD) could represent an additional graft source, but there is a need for developing new therapeutic approaches like cell therapy to increase their recovery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) potentially extracted from many adult tissues have interesting paracrine, immune-modulating, and differentiation properties in this context. This work aims to assess, in a preclinical porcine model DCD donor, the therapeutic potential of two cell populations of interest: amniotic fluid derived MSC (AFSC) and cells from stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue (SVF). Delayed injection of AFSC 7 days following kidney transplantation because of their sensitivity to a specific Hypoxia Reoxygenation (HR) sequence in vitro, accelerates graft function recovery and limits chronic injuries to the transplanted organ. Cells are detectable into the transplanted kidney 24h after injection. Porcine SVF is phenotypically similar to human. Injected in renal artery simultaneously with organ reperfusion because of its resistance to the HR sequence, porcine SVF does not disturb renal blood flow and allow cell-retention within the organ 24h after injection. This work highlights the protective effect of AFSC against ischemia reperfusion lesions in grafts from DCD donors and the feasibility of SVF injection directly into the renal artery of the graft following kidney transplantation in DCD conditions. Moreover it opens new lines for optimizing injection protocols of cellular products in kidney transplantation
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Azevedo, Tomás Augusto Barreiros Pais de 1986. "Dynamics of embryo axis elongation in amniotes vs. anamniotes:the role of the notochord." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/1420.
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Tese de mestrado, Biologia (Biologia Evolutiva e do Desenvolvimento), 2009, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências<br>In this thesis, we sought to analyze the dynamics of amniote and anamniote embryo axis elongation and the possible role of the notochord. For that, we chose the chick and zebrafish as representative model organisms of each group. We found that in the zebrafish embryo, elongation has two different phases during the stages analysed, from shield to 15 somite stage. The first phase is characterized by a constant (i.e., linear) growth rate which is faster than that observed during the second phase. The first phase occurs simultaneously with the epiboly movements of the basltoderm and yolk-syncytial layer (YSL). In chick embryos, we also find a constant (linear) growth phase which spans from stage HH4-11 (Hamburger & Hamilton 1951), a period during which the chick embryo forms structures homolog to those formed by zebrafish embryos during the first (linear) growth phase. Furthermore, in chick embryos, we found that the cranial portion elongates at a slower rate than that of two other portions of the embryo: the segmented and pre-somitic portions of the embryo, which contain all tissues adjacent to the segmented and pre-somitic mesoderm, respectively. Using micromanipulation techniques we show that elongation in the chick is independent of the primitive streak and a direct connection of Hensen's node to the extra-embryonic tissues. This contrasts with zebrafish embryo development where it has been well established that axis extension only occurs if there is an intact connection between the embryo and the YSL. We propose that the structures that could contribute to axis extension are: the notochord, the neural tube and the paraxial mesoderm. Again, using micro-manipulation techniques, we show that none of three different portions of the notochord (cranial, segmented and pre-somitic ) are essential for embryo axis elongation. However, preliminary experiments suggest that the presence of the whole notochord might contribute to the process of embryo axis extension. This work shows that the notochord is not the main driver of early embryo axis extension in amniotes, a hypothesis that had been advanced in the literature often but had not yet been formally tested. Clearly, the forces that shape the early vertebrate embryo into its typical elongated shape come from tissues inside the embryo itself, other than the notochord. In amniotes, these forces have evolved in order to allow the embryo to extend autonomously, without the additional force produced by expanding extra-embryonic tissues, as still seen in most anamniotes (e.g., fish and amphibians)<br>Resumo alargado em português disponível no documento
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Peng, Kuan-Yen, and 彭冠諺. "An animal study of applying amniotic membrane matrix for root coverage surgery." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22824622000338556556.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>臨床牙醫學研究所<br>98<br>Gingival recession is the most common mucogingival deformity in adult orthodontic patients. Treatment of gingival recession has been an important therapeutic issue due to increasing cosmetic demand. The exposed roots could be covered by various surgical procedures including connective tissue graft, free gingival grafts, coronally positioned flaps, and the use of barrier membranes. The amniotic membrane, the innermost layer of the fetal membrane, contains growth factors and large amount of collagen matrix. Therefore, amniotic membrane has been successfully used as a scaffold for cell growth and as a physiological wound dressing. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of applying de-epithelialized amniotic membrane in root coverage surgery to promote tissue regeneration. In a split-mouth design, the maxillary and mandibular third incisors, canines, second premolars, third premolars, and maxillary first premolars of 3 adult mongrel dogs were used. The buccal osseous dehiscence and gingival recession were surgically created 1 month prior to root coverage surgery, and refined immediately before the surgery. The exposed root surfaces were covered with de-epithelialized human amniotic membrane, and followed by the coronally positioned flap (experimental group). On the contralateral side, the coronally positioned flap was conducted without coverage of amniotic membrane (control group). The clinical parameters assessed during the experimental period included the probing depth and the amount of gingival recession (n =4~5). The observation time points were the 3 days, 2 weeks, 1 months, 2 months, and 6 months after root coverage. After the animals were sacrificed, the specimens of dento-periodontal complex were processed for paraffin sections and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Histomorphometric evaluations were conducted by analyzing the parameters including the amount of new cementum formation, new bone formation, connective tissue regeneration, root coverage, epithelium thickness and height. Our results revealed that the amniotic membrane may inhibit tissue inflammation and promote rapid epithelialization at the initial healing of the gingival wound. The histomorphometric analysis showed that the periodontal tissue regeneration and root coverage in the experimental group were better than those in the control group. However, the group differences were not statistically significant. Further studies of higher sample size are needed to clearly assess the beneficial effect of applying amniotic membrane in the periodontal surgical procedures for root coverage.
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Rannou, Benoit. "Contribution des kinines dans le syndrome d'embolie de liquide amniotique : proposition de la lapine gravide comme modèle animal." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4816.
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Le syndrome d’embolie de liquide amniotique (SELA) est une complication rare et souvent catastrophique de l’accouchement chez la femme caractérisée classiquement par une hypotension sévère, un arrêt cardiorespiratoire et une coagulation intra-vasculaire disséminée. Malheureusement, sa physiopathologie est encore mal connue. Le rôle des kinines n’a notamment pas été étudié. L’objectif de notre projet était de développer un modèle animal de SELA et d’étudier le rôle éventuel des kinines dans ce syndrome. Douze lapines en fin de gestation ont été incluses dans l’étude. Pour chacune d’entre-elles, le liquide amniotique était aspiré de chaque sac amniotique après une laparotomie. Six lapines recevaient un bolus de liquide amniotique injecté via la veine auriculaire alors que les six autres recevaient un bolus de saline. Parallèlement, les effets in vitro de liquide amniotique sur la coagulation étaient évalués par thrombelastographie (TEG) et comparés aux effets de la saline. L’injection de liquide amniotique n’a pas permis de reproduire les signes cliniques de SELA, n’a pas entrainé la génération de bradykinine, et n’a pas eu d’effet sur le temps de prothrombine, le temps de thromboplastine partielle activée, et l’activité du facteur VIII de. Une thrombocytopénie sévère et transitoire a cependant été notée 5 minutes après l’injection de liquide amniotique. De plus, en additionnant in vitro de liquide amniotique au sang on a observé un tracé de TEG hypercoagulable comparé à celui obtenu avec la saline. Le modèle n’ayant pas pu reproduire le SELA, le rôle des kinines dans ce syndrome reste à déterminer.<br>Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare but catastrophic complication of parturition characterized by severe hypotension, cardiovascular collapse, and massive consumptive coagulopathy. Its pathophysiology remains obscure. In particular, the potential role of bradykinin in hypotension is unknown. The objective of this study was to develop a suitable animal model of AFE and to study the effects of amniotic fluid injection on bradykinin release in this model. Twelve rabbits in late gestation (25 days) were used. For each rabbit, amniotic fluid was collected from foetal amniotic sacs by laparotomy. For six rabbits, the amniotic fluid was then injected as a bolus via the left auricular vein, whereas the six other rabbits received saline (control group). In parallel, the in vitro effects of amniotic fluid on coagulation was assessed by thrombelastography (TEG) and compared to the effects of saline. Injection of amniotic fluid did not reproduce clinical signs of AFE, did not provoke bradykinin generation and had no effect on prothrombin time, the activated partial thromboplastin time, nor Factor VIII activity. However, a significant thrombocytopenia was observed five minutes after amniotic fluid administration. This thrombocytopenia resolved within 60 minutes. In vitro addition of amniotic fluid to blood resulted in accelerated clotting on TEG tracings as compared to the effect of saline. As we were not able to reproduce AFE with our model, the role of kinins in this syndrome remains to be determined.
Books on the topic "Amniotes animal"
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Galant͡sev, V. P. Adaptat͡sii serdechno-sosudistoĭ sistemy vtorichnovodnykh amniot. Izd-vo Leningradskogo univ-ta, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Amniotes animal"
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Ax, Peter. "Amphibia — Amniota." In Multicellular Animals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08874-6_32.
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Ogawa, Akiko, Satoshi Terada, Masao Miki, and Norio Sakuragawa. "Increasing Population of Amniotic Epithelial Cells." In Animal Cell Technology: From Target to Market. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0369-8_59.
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Ogawa, A., S. Terada, M. Miki, K. Matsuura, A. Hoshika, and N. Sakuragawa. "Human Amniotic Epithelial (HAE) Cells Produce Erythropoietin." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0728-2_55.
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G. Rasmussen, A., B. Nørgaard-Pedersen, and J. Hangaard. "PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF A SPECIFIC QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOASSAY FOR ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN AMNIOTIC FLUID." In Pregnancy Proteins in Animals, edited by Jann Hau. De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110858167-008.
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Chipman, Ariel D. "Vertebrate diversity." In Organismic Animal Biology. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893581.003.0030.
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Abstract The best way to understand vertebrate diversity is to follow their evolutionary history from the Cambrian to the present. The first vertebrates are what we would call fish. They initially had no jaws and no fins, but these had evolved by the Silurian. Lobe-finned fish started a process of terrestrialization in the Devonian, and by the early Carboniferous there was a diversity of terrestrial amphibian vertebrates. Improved adaptation to the terrestrial environment involved evolving a water-resistant integument and the evolution of the amniotic egg, an egg with an internal cavity that provides a water-filled environment for the embryo to develop. The amniotes diversified throughout the mid-late Carboniferous, giving rise to several lineages, distinguished by openings in their skulls. One lineage, the diapsids, gave rise to dinosaurs, birds, and crocodiles through one branch, and to lizards and snakes through another branch. The second major lineage, the synapsids, gave rise to a succession of large-bodied animals throughout the Carboniferous and Permian. By the Mesozoic, the synapsids were outcompeted by the dinosaurs and became small and nocturnal. These were the ancestors of the mammals, which diversified following the extinction of most mammals at the end of the Cretaceous.
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Perry, Steven F., Markus Lambertz, and Anke Schmitz. "The evolution of air-breathing respiratory faculties in craniotes." In Respiratory Biology of Animals. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0015.
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The origin of lungs from a swim bladder, swim bladder from lungs, or both from a relatively undifferentiated respiratory pharynx remains unresolved. Once present, the lungs can be ventilated by a positive-pressure buccal pump, which can be easily derived from the gill ventilation sequence in a lungfish, or by negative-pressure aspiration. Although aspiration breathing is characteristic of amniotes, it has also been observed in a lungfish and body wall muscle contraction in response to respiratory stimuli has even been reported in lamprey larvae. The hypaxial body wall musculature used for aspiration breathing is also necessary for locomotion in most amniotes, just when respiratory demand is greatest. This paradox, called Carrier’s constraint, is a major limiting factor in the evolution of high-performance faculties, and the evolution of anatomical and physiological specializations that circumvent it characterize most major amniote groups. Serendipitous combinations have resulted in evolutionary cascades and high-performance groups such as birds and mammals. Complementing evolution are the capacities for acclimatization and adaptation not only in the structure and function of the gas exchanger, but also in the control of breathing and the composition of the blood.
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Perry, Steven F., Markus Lambertz, and Anke Schmitz. "Respiratory faculties of amphibious and terrestrial craniotes." In Respiratory Biology of Animals. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199238460.003.0012.
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This chapter introduces the ‘who has what’ in terms of air-breathing respiratory faculties for craniotes. Air breathing has arisen independently dozens of times among ray-finned fishes, but none has become completely terrestrial. The lobe-finned fishes eventually gave rise to amphibians and amniotes, and we see an increased importance of primarily lung-based air breathing. A muscular mechanism for lung ventilation (a buccal pump in amphibians and primarily a negative pressure aspiration mechanism in amniotes), pulmonary veins that return oxygenated blood to the heart, and some mechanism for partial or complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood masses at the heart are seen. Each major tetrapod group, in fact, has its own specific breathing mechanism. The chapter examines in some detail low-performance and high-performance faculties, the latter being particularly realized in the diaphragm-powered, ventilated pool system of the mammalian bronchoalveolar lung, and in the cross-current system of the avian lung–air sac system.
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"Amniotic Fluid Test (AFT)." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_300090.
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"Stem Cells, Germ Cells, and Amniocytes." In Culture of Animal Cells. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470649367.ch23.
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Cisek, Paul, and Ayuno Nakahashi. "Evolution and Elaboration of Thalamocortical Action Maps." In The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus, edited by Andrew C. Halley and Leah Krubitzer. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197676158.003.0059.
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Abstract In this chapter, the authors describe a hypothesis on the functional organization of the thalamocortical and corticostriatal circuits of early mammals, constrained by inferences about ancestral amniotes and studies in modern mammalian species. Following the work of Graziano and others, they interpret the organization of sensorimotor neocortex in terms of “action maps” adapted to the needs of specific aspects of an animal’s behavioral repertoire, such as searching, feeding, handling, and defensive actions. The authors propose that selection between these activity types (e.g., search versus feed) is governed by the basal ganglia, while the particular details of actions within a type of activity (e.g., direction of locomotion) are selected within the cortical action map specialized for that activity. This proposal is supported by neuro-anatomical data from a wide range of species, as well as neural recording, microstimulation, and inactivation studies in rodents and primates, and leads to some testable predictions.
Conference papers on the topic "Amniotes animal"
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Kostecká, Zuzana, and Ján Blahovec. "Effects of non-matured form of IGF-II from animal amniotic fluid on mouse fibroblasts." In VIIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200306041.
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Utzig, Ingridy Liana Jung, Carla Vermeulen Carvalho Grade, and Marcela Boroski. "ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DA ATRAZINA SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO EMBRIONÁRIO DE AVES." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/800.
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Introdução: A atrazina é considerada o herbicida mais utilizado no mundo, tem ação seletiva e sistêmica e é indicada para o controle de plantas daninhas infestantes de culturas variadas. Os resíduos deste herbicida são frequentemente encontrados no ambiente, o que pode resultar em riscos para a reprodução animal e humana. Em laboratório, a atrazina mostrou ser um químico com potencial de causar diversos danos ao funcionamento adequado dos organismos, mas pouco se sabe sobre os seus efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário animal e humano. Objetivo: No presente estudo buscouse analisar a ação da atrazina sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário de amniotos, utilizando embriões de galinha como modelo. Material e Métodos: Foram realizadas injeções in ovo de atrazina em três concentrações, iniciando com a concentração de resíduos no limite máximo permitido em água potável (2 µg/L) (n=65), seguindo para 20 µg/L (n=65) e, por fim, 200 µg/L (n=72), todos realizados em triplicata, e com seus próprios controles (solução de acetonitrila a 250 μg/L) (n=64; n=64; n=67, respectivamente). Após um período de incubação de sete dias, os embriões coletados foram analisados para mortalidade, presença de malformações, peso total do corpo e estágio do desenvolvimento. Resultados: Após análise estatística, foi verificado que não houve diferença significativa para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, entre tratados e controle, indicando que a atrazina não afetou a mortalidade dos embriões tratados, que apresentaram um desenvolvimento normal. Contudo, apesar da falta de significância dos dados, foram observadas malformações durante as análises, como alterações encefálicas, do tronco, dos membros e hemorragias. Conclusões: A atrazina não afetou significativamente a taxa de mortalidade, a presença de malformações, o peso do embrião e o estágio do desenvolvimento, quando aplicada em injeção aguda nas concentrações de 2 µg/L, 20 µg/L e 200 µg/L em ovos de galinha.
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Fischer, Amanda Kawka, Carla Vermeulen Carvalho Grade, and Marcela Boroski. "EFEITOS SINÉRGICOS DA ATRAZINA E GLIFOSATO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO EMBRIONÁRIO DE Gallus gallus." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/801.
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Introdução: O Brasil é o país que mais utiliza agrotóxicos no mundo. O glifosato e a atrazina, herbicidas proibidos em diversos países, estão entre os 10 compostos ativos mais comercializados no Brasil. Apesar da existência de alguns estudos acerca dos efeitos destes compostos sobre a reprodução dos organismos vivos, atenta-se ao fato de que resíduos dos químicos frequentemente se misturam na natureza, e assim aponta-se a importância do estudo de seus efeitos combinados. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do glifosato sozinho bem como seus efeitos sinérgicos juntamente com a atrazina, ambos em concentração máxima de resíduo permitida em água potável, sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário de amniotos, utilizando como modelo o embrião de galinha. Material e métodos: Ovos de galinha fertilizados foram divididos em dois tratamentos, realizados em três experimentos independentes. No primeiro tratamento, foi realizada injeção de solução de glifosato (500 μg L-1 ) diluído em água ultrapura (n=71) ou injeção apenas de água ultrapura (controle) (n=70). No segundo tratamento, foi injetada solução da mistura de glifosato (500 μg L-1 ) com atrazina (2 μg L-1 ) diluída em acetonitrila (n=72), com grupo controle recebendo injeção de acetonitrila (250 μg L-1 ) (n=69). Após injeção, os ovos foram acondicionados em incubadora por sete dias, e os embriões foram coletados, sendo avaliados quanto a sua mortalidade, presença de malformações, estádio de desenvolvimento e peso. Resultados: Os dados coletados dos experimentos foram submetidos a análises estatísticas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas em quaisquer das variáveis analisadas entre os grupos controles e tratados. Da mesma forma, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas mesmas variáveis entre os embriões tratados dos dois tratamentos. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos apontam que, em concentração máxima de resíduo permitida em água potável, o glifosato, isolado ou em mistura com atrazina, não causa perturbações no desenvolvimento embrionário de animais amniotos, em análises de toxicidade aguda.