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Journal articles on the topic 'Amniotic fluid index (AFI)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Mishra, Anamika, Ram Prasad Neupane, Pratap Narayan Prasad, and Abhishek Kumar Thakur. "Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with borderline versus normal amniotic fluid index â€“ A prospective study." Journal of General Practice and Emergency Medicine of Nepal 7, no. 9 (2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59284/jgpeman91.

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Introduction: Amniotic fluid cavity filled with liquor amnii is a natural floating bed for fetus required for its existence and growth in sterile environment, regulation of temperature, avoidance of external injury and reduction of impact of uterine contractions. Amniotic fluid has high influence on the fetal outcome and is directly related to the perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to compare the pregnancy outcomes in patients with borderline AFI between 5-8 cm and normal AFI >/= 8-24 cm. Method: This was a prospective observational study of 108 pregnant women. After A

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Aslam, Iram, Nazia Mussarat, and Sadia Bano. "PERINATAL OUTCOME IN LOW AMMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 01 (2015): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.01.1423.

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Introduction: In high risk pregnancies, there is a dire need to assess amniotic fluidvolume. If values of amniotic fluid volume fall within normal limits, it reassures us regarding wellbeing of fetus. The chronically stressed fetus is likely to have low amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluidindex is a reliable fetal surveillance test and in some obstetrical units highly reliable parameter.Decreased amniotic fluid index has been considered as an indicator of poor neonataloutcome. AFI may be used to predict the occurrence of thick meconium stained liquor andneed for intervention for fetal distress in po

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Akhtar, Farkhunda, Arooj Aziz, Arfa Hamid, and Tooba Hamid. "AFI IN PREGNANT PATIENTS;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 01 (2017): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.01.472.

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Background: Amniotic fluid plays major role in fetal growth & development.Abnormalities of fluid volume can affect fetal development causing many structural anomalies.Maternal dehydration leads to changes in amniotic fluid index by changing net movement of fluidinto or from the fetus. Study Design: Cross sectional study was carried out to asses increaseincidence of reduced amniotic fluid index in Quetta due to dehydration. Period: Year of 2015.Method: The study was a cross sectional study for this purpose 50 pregnant patients referringto obstetric Out Patient Department of Combined Militar

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Fatmawati, Eny, Diah Rumekti Hadiati, and Heru Pradjatmo. "Hubungan Asupan Cairan Ibu Hamil terhadap Indeks Cairan Amnion." Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi 5, no. 2 (2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkr.38549.

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Introduction: Adequate amniotic fluid volume is a requirement for intra uterine fetal development and good pregnancy outputs / neonatal. Adequate intake of fluid in pregnant women can increase both the amniotic fluid index on oligohydramniotic or normoamniotic, but the scientific basis for the adequacy of the recommended daily fluid have not clear yet. Furthermore, the fluid intake counseling in addition to nutrition for pregnant women is neededObjective: To determine the fluid intake in pregnant women and the mean difference of amniotic fluid index on adequate fluid intake compared to less fl

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Akter, Mst Ralifa, Md Anwarul Haque, Nargis Nahar, and Towhida Khan. "A Study of Pregnancies Complicated by Decreased Amniotic Fluid with Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Combined Military Hospital Dhaka." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 18, no. 1 (2022): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v18i1.61263.

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Introduction: Decreased amniotic fluid volume below the normal range expected for the gestational age is a challenging entity encountered by obstetricians. Normal range of amniotic fluid is Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) 8-20cm. Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) is a quantitative estimation of amniotic fluid volume seen and measured by ultrasonography during pregnancy. AFI is the sum of the deepest vertical pocket of fluid, excluding fetal parts and umbilical cord, in four quadrants between the maternal midline vertically and transverse line half way between the pubic symphysis and uterine fundus. Decrea

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Bhangale, Siddhika, and Varsha Kose. "Obstetric outcome of pregnancies with borderline versus normal amniotic fluid index at term: an analytical cross sectional study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 6 (2022): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221449.

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Background:Amniotic fluid plays a vital role in the normal growth of fetus and promotes normal musculoskeletal development. Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is preferred method of amniotic fluid measurement in pregnancy which is done by ultrasonography. The normal range of AFI is between 5-24 cm. Any value above 24 cm is considered hydramnios and below 5 cm as oligohydramnios. More accepted range for borderline amniotic fluid index is 5-8 cm. The objective of this analytical cross-sectional, study was carried out to characterize maternal and fetal risks associated with borderline AFI in pregnancies,

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7

Adeyekun, Ademola A., and Gbolahan G. Awosanya. "Relationship Between Amniotic Fluid Index and Ultrasound Estimated Fetal Weight in Healthy Pregnant African Women." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 3 (January 30, 2013): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.106614.

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Introduction: Fetal weight (FW) estimation in late pregnancy is an important guide in obstetric care. Amniotic fluid protects the fetus against traumatic and infective insults. There possibly exists a relationship between FW and amniotic fluid index (AFI) that can be estimated by ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-eight low-risk pregnancies were prospectively studied by means of ultrasound over a 12-month period. FW was estimated using a combination of fetal parameters; bi-parietal diameter, fetal trunk cross sectional area, and femur length. AFI was assessed using t

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Parmar, Manisha M., and Sandeep M. Parmar. "Study of amniotic fluid index and its pregnancy outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 12 (2019): 4727. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20195309.

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Background: Amniotic fluid is vital to the well-being of the fetus. Severe oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are associated with increased maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This was prospective observational study conducted at tertiary teaching institute from July 2012 to July 2013. Total 200 patients were included in the study. On the basis of amniotic fluid index (AFI), patients were categorized in 3 groups, Normal AFI (8-24 cm), oligohydramnios (AFI <5cm) and polyhydramnios (AFI > = 25 cm). Results were analysed in the form of incidence, mode of delive

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Rahman, Dr Reefaat, Dr Hasina Khatun, Dr Salma Akter Munmun, and Dr Farah Noor. "Improving Amniotic Fluid Index with L-Arginine Supplementation." Scholars International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 10 (2024): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijog.2024.v07i10.001.

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Background: Oligohydramnios, characterized by a low Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI), is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, and low birth weight. Effective interventions for improving AFI are critical, particularly in resource-limited settings. L-Arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, has shown promise in enhancing uteroplacental circulation and increasing AFI. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L-Arginine supplementation in improving AFI and associated maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with oligohydramnios in Banglade

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10

M., Vidyasagara, Chandrashekhar T., and Sunil S. Raikar. "Correlation of amniotic fluid index with fetomaternal outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 8 (2021): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212969.

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Background: Amniotic fluid acts like a protective cover around the baby. Advances in ultrasound have increased early detection of abnormal amniotic fluid volumes. Any variation in the amniotic fluid volume warrants antenatal foetal surveillance.Methods: 300 pregnant women between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation were included in the study. A detailed history, examination and ultrasound was done. Pregnant women were divided into 3 groups’ i.e. normal liquor, oligohydramios and polyhydramnios. All the women were closely monitored during labour and puerperium. Follow-up was done till 7 days post-deliv

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Augestine, Tony, Saphina Palakkan, and Umadevi N. "Obstetric outcome in pregnancies with borderline versus normal amniotic fluid index." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 8 (2019): 3240. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193542.

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Background: Amniotic fluid is an indicator of placental function on the fetal development. It is regulated by several systems, including transmembraneous pathway, fetal production (fetal urine and lung fluid) and uptake (fetal swallowing), and the balance of fluid movement via osmotic gradients. The amniotic fluid index is the most commonly used method of measuring amniotic fluid. An AFI between 5 to 8 cms is borderline oligohydraminos. To compare the fetal and maternal outcome in pregnancies with borderline amniotic fluid index (5 to 8 cms) and normal AFI.Methods: This prospective cohort stud

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Aggarwal, Pragati, and Sharda Patra. "Correction with oral hydration improves maternal and perinatal outcome in women with third trimester isolated oligohydramnios." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 2 (2018): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180192.

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Background: Oligohydramnios is related to serious maternal and fetal complications. In case of isolated oligohydramnios in third trimester maternal oral hydration has shown promising results in improving maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This study was conducted on 50 pregnant women complicated by idiopathic oligohydramnios (AFI<5) in third trimester. Their pre hydration daily fluid intake was noted and they were advised to take oral fluids more than their usual intake (according to their convenience). The daily fluid intake and AFI was measured on day1, day2, day3 then weekly till de

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Jyothi, Tippoji, Rama Gade, Sweethi B., and Padma Latha R. "Perinatal Outcomes in Amniotic Fluid Index in Postdated Pregnancies at Tertiary Care Center, Karimnagar." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 12, no. 5 (2022): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11753568.

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<strong>Background:</strong> The Amniotic fluid is the protective liquid and important part of pregnancy sac. This fluid serves as or helps for the growing fetus and also serves to facilitate the exchange of nutrients, water and biochemical product between mother and fetus. Patients with Low Amniotic fluid Index (AFI) need to deliver quickly, So, an assessment of amniotic fluid volume has become an important component of antenatal testing for the high-risk pregnancy. <strong>Aim & Objective:</strong> Study aimed to find the significance of amniotic fluid index in determining

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14

Singh, Shefali, Sandhya Pajai, Aditi Singh Thakur, and Aishwarya Gupta. "Correlation of single deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid and amniotic fluid index at term with maternal outcome." Multidisciplinary Reviews 8, no. 6 (2024): 2025174. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2025174.

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Amniotic fluid assessment is a critical component of prenatal care, as it provides valuable insights into fetal well-being and maternal outcomes. This study investigates the correlation between the Single Deepest Vertical Pocket (SDVP) and the Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) at term and their association with maternal outcomes. Both SDVP and AFI are established sonographic methods for assessing amniotic fluid volume, yet their clinical implications in predicting maternal outcomes remain underexplored. A retrospective analysis of term pregnancies was conducted, evaluating maternal outcomes such as m

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15

Pradhan, S., A. Adhikary, P. Pradhan, and S. Pradhan. "Relationship between Amniotic Fluid Index and Perinatal Outcome." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 10, no. 1 (2015): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v10i1.13196.

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Aims: This study was done to evaluate the predictive value of low amniotic fluid index (AFI) of < 5 cm for adverse perinatal outcome in term of caesarean section for fetal distress, birth weight, meconium stained liquor and APGAR scores. Methods: This was a prospective study of 200 antenatal women booked at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital during the year 2013-2014 with gestational age between 34 and 41 weeks. Patients history and clinical examination were recorded and AFI was measured and the perinatal outcome was compared between two groups i.e AFI <5 cm and >5 cm. Results: T

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Dobariya, Bhumika H., Shree A. Jani, and Ajesh N. Desai. "Relationship between the amniotic fluid index at term and the perinatal outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (2020): 2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202709.

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Background: Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is commonly used to estimate amniotic fluid volume. A proper AFI is between 10 and 24 centimetres. If it is below 5 cm, it is can represent oligohydramnios, and in case AFI is above 24 cm, it can represent polyhydramnios. This study was undertaken to determine whether measuring AFI at term is useful in the prediction of perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective study of 250 pregnant women with gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks was conducted at Sola Civil Hospital. AFI was measured in each patient using the Phelan’s technique and the perinatal outcome

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Sayeeda, Parveen, Swati Swarnim, and Chanchal. "Study of Normal and Abnormal Liquor Volume and Its Correlation with Perinatal Outcome." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 5 (2024): 2115–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12803771.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Surrounding the developing embryo, amniotic fluid (AF) is essential to the correct development of the fetus. A decrease in the volume of amniotic fluid may be the initial sign of an illness in the mother or a fetal defect. This study compares and evaluates the perinatal outcomes for mothers whose amniotic fluid volume is abnormal or normal. <strong>Method:</strong> A prospective comparative study was conducted for a period of 8 months from September 2021 to April 2022. Group I consist of 50 patients with normal amniotic fluid and group II consists of

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Marwat, Shahida Hashim, Mona Kanwal Naz, Mariam Riaz, Noureen Sardar, Sajida Hassan, and Hifsa Naseem. "Amniotic Fluid Index and its relationship with Poor Apgar Score in Term Pregnancy." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 3, no. 2 (2023): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v3i2.205.

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Background: The Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) is an essential indicator of fetal well-being during pregnancy. Abnormalities in AFI, such as oligohydramnios (low AFI) or polyhydramnios (high AFI), can have significant implications on neonatal outcomes. The Apgar score, a quick assessment of a newborn's health post-delivery, may be influenced by these variations in AFI. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AFI measurements and Apgar scores in term pregnancies, emphasizing the potential impact of amniotic fluid volume variations on neonatal health. Methods: Conducted a

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Senthilvel, Gopika, and Sailatha Ramanujam. "Effects of intravenous hydration with hypotonic saline in oligohydramnios." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 8 (2024): 2046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20242068.

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Background: The amniotic fluid encloses and protects the fetus within the amniotic cavity in uterus. Amniotic fluid allows room for fetal growth, movement and development. The abnormal amniotic fluid either high or low volumes helps to diagnose the reduced fetal outcomes. This fluid is an important predictive tool for assessing the development of pregnancy. Methods: The present study is done to assess the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) hypotonic saline fluid maternal hydration on oligohydramnios. This study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology, CHRI for 18 months. About

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Parveen, Rafia, Akhteruddin Ahmed, AS Mohiuddin, Shaikh Shofiur Rahman, and Tapesh Kumar Paul. "Correlation Between Amniotic Fluid Index and Estimated Fetal Weight in Third Trimester of Pregnancy." Bangladesh Medical Journal 40, no. 3 (2014): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i3.18669.

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This study was conducted to find out the correlation between amniotic fluid index (AFI) & estimated fetal weight (EFW) in third trimester of pregnancy. This cross sectional study was carried out on 105 women with normal singleton pregnancies at third trimester. The pregnant women were subdivided into three groups. The AFI & EFW were evaluated according to gestational age groups & fetal sex. Significant positive correlations were found between estimated fetal weight and amniotic fluid index in female fetuses of all three groups. In male fetuses, there was a significant positive corr

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Bhat, Swathi, Ambika H. E., Lepakshi B. G., and Savitha C. S. "Pregnancy outcome in low risk pregnancy with decreased amniotic fluid index." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 3 (2017): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170550.

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Background: To evaluate whether oligohydramnios (AFI≤5) has any significance in the outcome of low risk pregnancies. Normal amniotic fluid index in pregnancy is one of the indicators of fetal well-being. In a term pregnancy, oligohydramnios, a condition associated with AFI≤5, could be a sign of placental insufficiency. An association of low AFI with complications like pregnancy induced hypertension, consistently leads to poor fetal outcome. A need to deliver the fetus by cesarean section often arises. Occasionally one comes across a full-term pregnancy with AFI ≤5 with no known high risk facto

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Egagifo, Ovoke, Lawrence O Omo-Aghoja, and Ayotunde T Adeyinka. "Correlation of perinatal outcomes with amniotic fluid assessment techniques in high-risk pregnancies in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria." African Health Sciences 21, no. 3 (2021): 1310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i3.42.

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Background: Oligohydramnios is a predictor of fetal compromise and a useful tool in pregnancy management. It has been assessed using various techniques, including two-diameter pocket (2-DP) and amniotic fluid index (AFI). Objectives: To determine which of these two techniques best diagnose oligohydramnios and predicts adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara in southern region of Nigeria over eight months period. One hundred high-risk pregnant women were recruited and ultra- sound

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Zafar, Humaira, Mubashra Naz, Umber Fatima, Uzma Shahzad, Anees Fatima, and Attiya Yasmeen. "Oral versus intravenous maternal hydration in isolated third trimester oligohydramnios." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 10 (2020): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204214.

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Background: To study the effect of oral and intravenous maternal hydration in patients with isolated oligohydramnios in terms of mean change in amniotic fluid.Methods: A total number of 38 patients included in the study which fulfill the selection criteria. Patients were randomly divided in two groups. Amniotic fluid index (AFI) of all patients was measured before the hydration therapy according to the method of Phelan et al. In maternal oral hydration (Group A), every patient was instructed to drink two liters of water over two hours daily for 1 week. In intravenous hydration (Group B), every

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Noor, Nasreen, Seema Amjad Raza, Shazia Parveen, Mohammad Khalid, and Syed Manazir Ali. "Amniotic fluid index versus maximum vertical pocket measurement in predicting perinatal outcome at 40 weeks or beyond." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 12 (2018): 4887. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184934.

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Background: The aim of this study is to compare the use of amniotic fluid index with maximum vertical pocket for predicting perinatal outcomes.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study and includes 140 The study include normal antenatal women at gestational age 40 weeks or beyond (by last menstrual period/1st trimester scan) referred from antenatal between 20 to 40 years were enrolled in this study from 2015 to 2017. After Institutional Ethics Committee approval all recruited women was assessed at the 3rd trimester visit for baseline demographic and obstetric data. After

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Kiran, Saima, Adeela Ameen, Ayesha Akram, and Mahwash Jamil. "Comparison of effects of oral maternal hydration and intravenous infusions on Amniotic Fluid Index in third trimester isolated Oligohydramnios." Professional Medical Journal 26, no. 12 (2019): 2064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.3049.

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Objectives: To compare oral maternal hydration and intravenous infusion in women with third trimester isolated oligohydramnios in terms of mean change in amniotic fluid. Study Design: This is a Comparative Study. Setting: The study was conducted in Department of Gynecology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: Between 1st May, 2015 to 31st July, 2016. Material & Methods: One hundred and fourteen pregnant females with singleton pregnancy, beyond 28 weeks gestation and AFI < 5cm were included. Placental insufficiency was ruled out on Doppler ultrasound of umbilical a

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Shahzad, Fazeela, Sadia Akhtar, Ayesha Iqbal, Shazia Zulfiqar, and Aqsa Khan. "BORDERLINE AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX AND CAESAREAN SECTION FREQUENCY IN FULL-TERM PREGNANT PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." Journal of Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College 04, no. 02 (2024): 65–69. https://doi.org/10.51127/jamdcv06i02oa04.

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Background:The optimal approach to borderline Amniotic fluid index (AFI) in pregnancy is uncertain, sparking ongoing debate and controversy. This study primarily aimed to determine the frequency of cesarean deliveries in term pregnancies with borderline AFI in our clinical setting.Material& Methods:A cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Unit I of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from January 2023 to June 2023. Total 90 pregnant women were selected through non probability consecutive sampling. Patients between 37 to 41 weeks with borderline were inc

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Desai, Devika V., Nigamananda Mishra, and Gayatri V. Savani. "Perinatal outcome of term pregnancies with borderline amniotic fluid index: a prospective case control study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 5 (2020): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201803.

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Background: It has been since antiquity that the importance of amniotic fluid and fetal growth with perinatal outcome is being documented. But the lacunae lies in studying the relationship between borderline amniotic fluid and perinatal outcome. The following study was undertaken to provide recent data that would help predict perinatal outcome in borderline AFI pregnancies.Methods: About 144 patients were considered in the study OPD/IPD patients in obstetrics and gynecology department in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Hospital, with about 72 cases with borderline amniotic fluid index (5-8 c

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Basit, Abdul, Tayaba Mazhar, Fazilat Jamala, Muhammad Ihsanullah, and Fatima Tanveer. "Adverse Fetal Outcomes in Patients with Low Amniotic Fluid Index: Presenting Care Hospital Setting." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 3, no. 2 (2023): 1229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v3i2.375.

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Background: Pregnancy is a critical period where various physiological parameters are monitored to ensure the well-being of both mother and fetus. Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is one such measure, with deviations from the norm, particularly low AFI, being associated with adverse fetal outcomes. This study delves into the correlation between low AFI and fetal well-being in a tertiary care setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between low AFI and adverse fetal outcomes and to quantify the impact of low AFI on fetal health during delivery in a tertiary care ho

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Tripathi, Malati, T. Gurung, TM Ghale, et al. "Pregnancy Outcome in Women Having Oligohydramnios in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal." Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal 12, no. 1 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22599.

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Background: Amniotic fluid index is one of the most commonly used methods of amniotic fluid volume assessment and is a predictor of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. Objectives: To compare the maternal and perinatal outcome in women with singleton term pregnancies having amniotic fluid index (AFI) ≤5 cm to those having AFI ≥5 to 20 cm. Methods: This is a prospective, case-control study which was conducted at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of one year from July 2017 to July 2018. It included 60 pregnant women at term pregnancy with amniotic fluid index

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Kumari, Nisha, and Nisha Tiwari. "Study of low amniotic fluid index and its effect on perinatal outcome." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 10, no. 2 (2023): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2023.030.

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AFI may be an important predictor for deciding timing of delivery and adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Hence, we aimed at determining whether an antepartum low amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in normal pregnancy and to determine a threshold level of AFI that could predict an adverse outcome. This study was conducted as an observational study on a total of 100 antenatal females presenting with term pregnancy at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lord Mahavir Civil Hospital, Ludhiana during study period. Detailed history and clinical examination wa

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Majumdar, Anamika, Kallol Mallick, Ritwika Majumdar, and Priyanka Patel. "Amniotic fluid index as indicator for pregnancy outcome in late third trimester." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 10 (2023): 3109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20232956.

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Background: Amniotic fluid index is one of the major predictors of pregnancy outcome. Less AFI indicate growth restriction and renal anomalies of fetus, whereas more may indicate fetal GI anomalies, maternal diabetes mellitus, and so forth. Objectives were to establish reference standards for AFI for local population after 34 weeks of pregnancy and to decide an optimal scan interval for AFI estimation in third trimester in low-risk antenatal women. Methods: A prospective estimation of AFI was done in 83 healthy low risk pregnant women from 34 to 40 weeks at weekly intervals. The trend of amnio

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Rashid, Shazia, Shivani Abrol, Farhat Jabeen, and Perveen Fareed. "Study of amniotic fluid and its co-relation with pregnancy outcome in high risk pregnancies." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 3 (2017): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170511.

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Background: Amniotic fluid is an important part of pregnancy sac and helps in fetal development. There is a consistent association between low AFI and conditions like pregnancy induced hypertension, postdated pregnancy and IUGR resulting in poor fetal outcome. In fact, high risk patients with low amniotic fluid index need to deliver quickly. So, an assessment of amniotic fluid volume has become an important component of antenatal testing for the high risk pregnancy. The objective was to study the correlation between Amniotic fluid index less than 5 cm (AFI˂5) and adverse perinatal outcome in h

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Khalid, Sobia, Sadia Anwar, Qandeela Irum Qureshi, Saima Umar, Najma Bibi, and Maria Ghafoor. "Predicting Big Babies: Using Amniotic Fluid and Baby Weight Estimates." Annals of Punjab Medical College 17, no. 3 (2023): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2023.1246.

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Background: Macrosomia or big baby is defined as a newborn with a birth weight of more than 4kg. Amniotic fluid index (AFI) which is estimated by adding length of deepest vertical pool in four corners of liquor in uterus is an indicator of fetal well-being. This parameter when combined with ultrasonographic estimated fetal weight can predict macrosomia accurately. Objective: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of integrated examination with amniotic fluid index (AFI) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) for prediction of macrosomia. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Department of Obstetri

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Shah, Rajiv, and Paban Sharma. "Comparison of Amniotic Fluid Index and Single Deepest Vertical Pool method for predicting fetal outcome." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 13, no. 4 (2017): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v13i4.16893.

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Background & Objectives: The measurement of amniotic fluid volume (AFV) has been an important component of antenatal evaluation of fetal well being. The most commonly used methods are by amniotic fluid index technique (AFI) and single deepest pool method (SDVP). Both the methods employ ultrasound for AFV measurement. The objective of this study is to compare the usefulness of AFI and SDVP method in assessing amniotic fluid volume for predicting adverse perinatal outcome.Materials & Methods: This is a hospital based prospective comparative study. The patient whose amniotic fluid was mea

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Jamsheed, Saira, and Khadijah Abid. "Clinical and Sonological Evaluation of Borderline Amniotic Fluid Index and Oligohydramnios-Its Correlation with Perinatal Outcomes." Life and Science 5, no. 1 (2024): 06. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.378.

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Objective: To evaluate the correlation of low borderline amniotic fluid index and oligohydramnios with perinatal outcomes among pregnant females presenting at the tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, from March 2021 to March 2022.Methods: Females aged 18-45 years, with a gestational age of 20-42 weeks assessed on the last menstrual period and a single fetus on ultrasound were enrolled. The final sample size for the study w

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Gandhi, Mayur Rajendra. "A prospective study of critical methods of amniotic fluid volume assessment." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 7 (2017): 3021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172927.

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Background: Adequate amniotic fluid volume (AFV) is required for fetal well-being and its assessment is taken as the single most important variable in fetal biophysical scoring system. I have critically evaluated various methods of amniotic fluid volume assessment keeping Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) as the standard technique of Amniotic Fluid Volume (AFV) assessment.Methods: This was a prospective study where all patients were assessed for amniotic fluid volume at one sitting first by abdominal palpation followed by ultrasonographic assessment by various methods. Critical analysis of each indiv

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Patil, Sudha V., and Fatima Zahra Shaikmohammed. "Study of Oligohydramnios and its perinatal outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 7 (2019): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193029.

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Background: Importance of amniotic fluid volume as an indicator of fetal status is being appreciated relatively recently. Around 3% to 8% of pregnant women are presenting with low amniotic fluid at any point of pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to study the outcome of pregnancies with Oligohydramnios [(amniotic fluid index) AFI≤5cm] at or beyond 34 weeks.Methods: This study consists of 50 cases of antenatal patients with oligohydramnios (AFI≤5) at or beyond 34 weeks of gestation compared with age and gestation matched 50 normal liquor (AFI≥5 and ≤25). The outcome measures recorded we

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Shrestha, Shreejana, Shital Bhandary, Yogita Dwa, Pooja Jaiswal, Binod Parmar, and Dan B. Karki. "Echogenic liquor at term pregnancy on ultrasonography is not always meconium." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (2017): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v4i1.24659.

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Introductions: The presence of echogenic amniotic fluid at term pregnancy on sonography is uncommon. Finding of meconium in the amniotic fluid by ultrasound is used to predict mode of delivery of fetus, fetal wellbeing and risk of intrauterine fetal demise. We aim to observe the clinical significance of echogenic liquor at term pregnancy.  Methods: This was a retrospective study of 102 cases of echogenic liquor at gestation age between 36 and 41 weeks (term pregnancy) during five years 2010 to 2015A.D. Amniotic fluid index (AFI) was calculated. Fluid was observed for presence of vernix c

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Nagesh, Gowda B. L., S. Shwetha, and Pratibha. "Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Oligohydramnios in a Tertiary Care Centre." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 11 (2022): 405–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13268349.

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<strong>Background and Objectives: </strong>Amniotic fluid is clear slightly yellowish liquid which surrounds the foetus, it is alkaline and its volume is related to gestational age. It protects the fetus by functioning like a shock absorber, maintains even temperature, allows for the growth and free movements of foetus and prevents adhesions between fetal parts and amniotic sac. Polyhydramnios, severe oligohydramnios are around 1.25% and 1- 5% of the pregnancies. Oligohydramnios is more associated with fetal anomalies, morbidities and maternal hypertension. We noticed there was a drastic

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Dwa, Yogita, Shreejana Shrestha, and Pooja Jaiswal. "Abnormal liquor volume and mode of delivery." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 5, no. 2 (2018): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v5i2.23995.

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Introductions: Sonographic assessment of four quadrant measurement of amniotic fluid index (AFI) is an integral part of antenatal evaluation of pregnancies, especially in the third trimester. Decreased (oligohydramnios, AFI 0-9.9 cm) or increased (polyhydramnios >25 cm) increases the risk of intrauterine growth retardation, birth asphyxia and induction or operative interference. The aim of this study was to analyse abnormal liquor volume and mode of delivery. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analysed the cases of abnormal liquor volume in term pregnancies during 2013-

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Dr, Amna Ihtisham. "DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS OF COFFEE CONSUMPTION ON AMNIOTIC FLUID VOLUME AND FETAL RENAL ARTERY BLOOD FLOW IN PREGNANCY." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES me 07, no. 07 (2020): 1644–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436494.

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Objective: Coffee is frequently (one or two cups/day) consumed throughout pregnancy. Although there are a few studies evaluating caffeine effects on pregnancy; however, a diuretic effect of caffeine on fetal kidneys has not been reported. Therefore, after drinking coffee whether changing of amniotic fluid index (AFI) and fetal renal artery blood flow (FRABF, RI, Resistive index; PI, Pulsatility index) were evaluated in this study. Methods: This clinical study was performed with two groups. For the study group, 63 participants with isolated borderline oligohydramnios who agreed to drink one cup

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Dr., Deeksha Singh. "Ayurvedic Management of Oligohydramnios: A Case Report on the Use of Ksheerabasti for Enhancing Amniotic Fluid Volume." International Journal of Ayurveda360 1, no. 5 (2025): 421–29. https://doi.org/10.63247/3048-7390.vol.1.issue5.16.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong>            Oligohydramnios, characterized by a decrease in amniotic fluid, can lead to complications such as fetal growth restriction and placental insufficiency. The condition is typically managed with medical interventions, but Ayurvedic approaches offer promising alternatives for improving amniotic fluid volume. <strong>Methods:</strong>            A 36-week primigravida patient presented with decreased fetal movement and an Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI)

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Bera, Gairik, Sougata Kumar Burman, Mousumi Maji, Jayeeta Mukherjee, Anirban Talukder, and Manidip Pal. "Comparison of Maternal and Foetal Outcome between Normal and Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Index in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy - A Longitudinal Analytical Study in A Tertiary Level Medical College of Suburban West Bengal, India." Journal of Medical Sciences and Health 9, no. 2 (2023): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v9i2.22.518.

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Background: Amniotic fluid (AF) is the protective liquid present in the amniotic sac of a gravid uterus. Amniotic fluid has nutritive, protective and diagnostic functions. Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) is most popular and reliable method for quantifying amniotic fluid, till date. AFI is one of the major parameters of foetal biophysical profile (BPP) that can predict perinatal and maternal outcomes. Periodical scanning of foetus is utmost essential during antenatal visits, especially in high-risk pregnancies, but there is no definite standard protocol regarding its frequency.Methods: This study wa

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Choi, Ah-Young, Jun-Yi Lee, In-Sook Sohn, et al. "Does the Summer Season Affect the Amniotic Fluid Volume during Pregnancy?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (2021): 9483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189483.

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Amniotic fluid is crucial for the well-being of the fetus. Recent studies suggest that dehydration in a pregnant woman leads to oligohydramnios. We assessed the variation in the amniotic fluid index (AFI) during the summer and non-summer seasons and evaluated neonatal outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed electrical medical records of pregnant women who visited the Konkuk University Medical Center for antenatal care, between July 2005 and July 2019. A total of 19,724 cases from 6438 singleton pregnant women were included after excluding unsuitable cases. All AFI values were classified as 2nd a

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Karia, Jil, Pallavi Ninama, Pinal Pateliya, and Ronak Karnavat. "Foeto-maternal outcome in oligohydramnios." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 2 (2022): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220174.

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Background: Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of ≤5 cm. AFI is calculated by adding the depth in centimetres of the largest vertical pocket in each of four equal uterine quadrants in ultrasonography. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of amniotic fluid index (AFI) (≤5 cm) for mode of delivery, associated complications, perinatal outcome, birth weight, meconium staining and APGAR scores.Methods: This was a prospective study of 100 antenatal women who presented at our antenatal OPD at GMERS Medical College and Civil Hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat with gestati

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K. R., Hema, and Lalitha H. S. "Obstetric outcome study of oligohydramnios beyond 34 completed weeks of gestation." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 9 (2018): 3857. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183808.

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Background: Perinatal morbidity and mortality are significantly increased when oligohydramnios is present. As the amniotic fluid volume decreases, the perinatal mortality rate increases. The incidence of major congenital anomalies with IUGR also increases as the amniotic fluid volume declines. There is a close association between declining placental function in the latter part of the third trimester and amniotic fluid volume1. Thus, post term patients are at a greater risk for development of oligohydramnios. Fetal anomalies that results in oligohydramnios classically involve the urinary tract.

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Tahlan, Nidhi, and Meenakshi Pandey. "MANAGEMENT OF OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS THROUGH AYURVEDA: A CASE RE-PORT." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 12, no. 7 (2024): 1378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj3212072024.

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The embryo and the fetus are surrounded by amniotic fluid during development in utero, and it has various functions. The normal range for Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) is 8 to 24 cm, with values above and below this indicating polyhydramnios/hydramnios and oligohydramnios, respectively. Borderline oligohydramnios usually refers to AFIs between 5 to 8 cm. The primary function of amniotic fluid is to protect the fetus. The extremes of volume may be associated with increased risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Here, a primi gravida patient, with a Period of Gestation 37+5 weeks by LMP, came to the

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Shrestha, Ruby, Deepa Chudal, Ravi Kumar Shah, and Usha Jain. "Pregnancy Outcome in Amniotic Fluid Index 5 cm or less in Term Pregnancy at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal." Med Phoenix 6, no. 2 (2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/medphoenix.v6i2.36636.

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Introduction Oligohydramnios has increased incidence of fetal distress, meconium-stained liquor, prolonged labor, low Apgar score, low birth weight, admission to NICU, cord compression, birth asphyxia, and operative interference. The objective of the study was to determine the pregnancy outcome in amniotic fluid index 5 cm or less in term pregnancy. Materials and Methods This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at National Medical College & Teaching Hospital from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 72 obstetric cases with AFI ≤ 5 cm and 72 cases with AFI > 5 cm with meeti

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Ansari, S. N., J. Baral, G. Gurung, and A. Jha. "Comparison of Outcome of Borderline and Normal Amniotic Fluid Index in Term Pregnancy." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 19, no. 1 (2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v19i1.49529.

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Background Determination of Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) is an important component of antepartum assessment of all normal pregnancies. Objective To compare the obstetric interventions and neonatal outcomes in term pregnancies with borderline Amniotic Fluid Index versus normal Amniotic Fluid Index. Method This hospital based prospective study was conducted at Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital over 1 year between 2017 and 2018 in 128 women having uncomplicated term pregnancy admitted in labor ward. Of the 128 women, 64 women had borderline Amniotic Fluid Index (5.1-8 cm) and 64 no

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Gupta, Nimisha, Oby Nagar, Kritika Tulani, and Shraddha Kiran Swami. "A prospective clinical study of foetomaternal outcome in relation to amniotic fluid index in pregnant females beyond 36 weeks of gestation at tertiary centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 6 (2020): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202299.

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Background: Amniotic fluid plays a vital role during foetal life. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the foetomaternal outcome in relation to amniotic fluid index in pregnant females beyond 36 weeks of gestation.Methods: This prospective type of study was conducted for one-year duration from May 2018 to May 2019 in 350 pregnant females beyond 36 weeks of gestation with clinically significant abnormal liquor volume. Clinical diagnosis was later on confirmed with ultrasonography and patients were categorized in three categories as patients with Amniotic fluid index (AFI) 5 to 24, AFI

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