Journal articles: 'Amounts carried'

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Sun, Yuan Tao, Xian Rong Qin, Ling Dong Zhang, Qing Zhang, and Qian Ying Zhao. "The Experimental and Design Method Research on Interference Fit of Fabricated Single-Arm Planetary Carrier." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.874.

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To improve load capacity of fabricated single-arm planetary carrier, and enlarge its applied fields, the calculation criterion of load capacity of fabricated single-arm planetary carrier under given interference amount is described according to relevant calculation theories in this paper. Some experiments have been carried out to verify the influence of different interference amounts forced on load capacity, and also the variation of force is confirmed while the planet wheel axle is pressed into the body of planetary carrier with given interference amount. The theoretical basis and reference of fabricated single-arm planetary carrier is ultimately put forward and applied in some relevant engineering practice.

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Goldberg, Martin A., Robert E. Wnek, Presley Rodricks, and Cynthia Kruth. "Untangling The Carried Interest Controversy." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v11i2.7621.

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Carried interest is a form of deferred compensation payable to managers of hedge funds organized as investment partnerships. There are two tax components of this compensation that are favorable to the manager. First, income taxes are due only when amounts are received rather than when this interest is granted, and second, this income is eligible for the lower tax rates of capital gains and dividends. Special tax treatment has been criticized by some as being an unfair benefit for income that is essentially compensation for services, while proponents of continuing this special treatment point out policy reasons for continuing it, emphasizing characteristics of carried interest that warrant treatment such special treatment. Legislative changes have been proposed but not enacted into law, and there are different alternatives that warrant consideration for the future.

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Franc, Čuš, and Schroers Polona Zabukovec and Hans-Josef. "Indigenous yeasts perform alcoholic fermentation and produce aroma compounds in wine." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 4 (August 30, 2017): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/398/2016-cjfs.

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The spontaneous alcoholic fermentations of Moscato Bianco and Welschriesling must were carried out to retrieve indigenous yeasts. We confirmed that those fermentations, conducted with non-Saccharomyces and indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, can generate high amounts of aroma compounds in wines. Consequently, two of the S. cerevisiae isolates were randomly chosen and further examined in Welschriesling and Sauvignon Blanc must for their ability and efficiency in performing alcoholic fermentation. Alcoholic fermentation with a commercial yeast strain was carried out for comparison. Indigenous isolates showed acceptable fermentation ability and efficiency. Moreover, Sauvignon Blanc produced with indigenous isolates contained significantly higher amounts of 3-mercaptohexyl acetate, linalool, geraniol and 2-phenylethanol and a significantly lower amount of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol. Differences in Welschriesling wine were less striking but in this case indigenous isolates produced lower amounts of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol and α-terpineol. Taken together, our results confirm that a suitable aromatic profile of wine can be produced with indigenous S. cerevisiae strains.

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Tomczak, M., and E. Tanner. "An estimate of Bass Strait water Movement in the Western Tasman Sea during the Australian Coastal Experiment." Marine and Freshwater Research 40, no. 5 (1989): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9890465.

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The presence and movement of Bass Strait Water along the continental slope of south-eastern Australia during the Australian Coastal Experiment (ACE) is estimated by evaluating the amount of salt and heat imported from Bass Strait for the five standard hydrographic ACE sections. South of Jervis Bay (35°S), the amounts decrease from September 1983 to February 1984 by a factor of two. North of Jervis Bay, the amounts depend strongly on the position of the East Australian Current and its eddies. It appears that during periods of low eddy activity Bass Strait Water can be carried northward well past Newcastle (33�S).

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Hazra, Harich And, Md Al Mujaddade Alfasane, Sharmin Kauser, Umme Fatema Shahjadee, and Moniruzzaman Khondker. "Biochemical Composition of Some Selected Aquatic Macrophytes Under Ex-Situ Conditions." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 44, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v44i1.46545.

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Ex-situ culture studies of five selected aquatic macrophytes, namely Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f., Enhydra fluctuans Lour., Ipomoea aquatica Forsk., Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Arn. and Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. were carried out. Comparing the biochemical composition of the above mentioned five aquatic macrophytes, on an average, Enhydra fluctuans was found to contain highest amounts of proteins (18.20%) and Ipomoea aquatica contains highest amounts of carbohydrate (58.60%). Lowest amounts of proteins (14.35%) were recorded in Hygroryza aristata and Limnocharis flava. On the other hand lowest amounts of carbohydrates were obtained in Nymphaea nouchali. Ipomoea aquatica contained highest amounts of energy (321.23 kcal) and lowest amount was observed in Limnocharis flava. The five aquatic plants were low in fiber, fat and also in ash. Among all the five aquatic macrophytes, highest values of calcium and phosphorus were found to be present in Limnocharis flava and iron was highest in Nymphaea nouchali. Lowest values of calcium and phosphorus were present in Ipomoea aquatica and lowest amount of iron was present in Limnochris flava. The present study demonstrated that, these five aquatic macrophytes are the important sources of carbohydrate, protein and minerals, which are suitable for incorporation in human diet and feed also. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 53-60, June 2018

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Kusuma, Heri Septya, and Mahfud Mahfud. "The extraction of essential oils from patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth) using a microwave air-hydrodistillation method as a new green technique." RSC Advances 7, no. 3 (2017): 1336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25894h.

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Nowadays, patchouli oil extraction in Indonesia is generally carried out using conventional methods, although such methods require large amounts of energy, solvents in significant amounts, and quite a long time.

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Dudzińska, Agnieszka, Mieczysław Żyła, and Janusz Cygankiewicz. "Influence of The Metamorphism Grade and Porosity of Hard Coal on Sorption and Desorption of Propane / Wpływ Stopnia Metamorfizmu I Porowatości Węgli Kamiennych Na Sorpcję I Desorpcję Propanu." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 867–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0060.

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Abstract In this paper results of investigations of sorption of hard coal samples collected from the extracted coal seams of Polish coal mines are presented. As sorbate propane was used. Examinations were carried out in the temperature of 298 K by means of volumetric assessment with the use of apparatus ASAP 2010 of Micromeritics. On the basis of conducted examinations it has been found out that the amount of sorbed propane depend on a type of coal, its metamorphism grade, content of oxygen element, moisture and porosity of these coals. The greatest amounts of propane are sorbed by low carbonized, high-porosity coals of high content of oxygen and moisture. Sorption of relatively high amounts of propane by these coals (ca. 10 cm3/g) is a result of the influence of polar surface of coals with molecules of propane and good availability of internal microporous structure of these coals for molecules of examined sorbate. Medium and high carbonized coals sorb insignificant amounts of propane. These coals have compact structure and non-polar character of their surface, their internal porous structure is to a minor degree available for propane molecules in conditions of carried out research. Sorption of propane in this case, takes place mainly in surface pores and on the surface of coals. Moreover, measurements of desorption isotherms of propane showing irreversible character of sorption were made. Desorption isotherms do not come together with sorption isotherms forming open hysteresis loop. Amounts of non-desorbing propane remaining in the coal depend on the type of examined coal.

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Cocareli, Neuza Maria, Maria Inês T. Ferro, and Fernando S. Zucoloto. "Nutritive value of beer yeast for Eratiris capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae)." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 5, no. 2 (1988): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81751988000200009.

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Investigations of food requirements were carried out to determine the minimum amount of beer yeast needed to produce the best development of Ceratitis capitata. Variations in pupation time, emergence time, pupation percentage, emergence percentage, and ovarian development were directly related to increased amounts of beer yeast in the diet. Results indicate that the appropriate range of beer yeast is about 4.0 to 4.5 g/150 ml of diet.

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Jacimovic, Goran, Branko Marinkovic, Jovan Crnobarac, Darinka Bogdanovic, Lazar Kovacev, and Dario Danojevic. "Influence of fertilization and nitrate-nitrogen position in soil profile on the sugar beet root yield and quality." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 53, no. 2 (2008): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0802083j.

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Researches, which have lasted for two years, were carried out on long-term trial field at Rimski Sancevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. In this trial, the eight fertilization variants of N, P2O5 and K2O increased amounts were studied. Sugar beet root and tops yields were determined, as well as the elements of technological sugar beet root quality. Based on these results, percentage of sugar utilization and refined sugar yield was defined. In the spring, before applying of N fertilizer, amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil and its influence on yield and quality was determined. The highest root yield in 2002 was produced at the variant N100 P150 K150, and in 2003 at the variant N150 P150 K150. However, in both years, referring to the variant N100 P100 K100, the differences were not statistically significant. Increasing of nitrogen amounts had negative effects on refined sugar yield. Amounts of NO3-N in the soil in spring, before sugar beet sowing, in 2002 had significant influence on root yield and refined sugar yield. In the year 2003, which was highly dry, high correlation ratio were gained between amounts of NO3-N in the soil and root quality parameters, but it wasn't significant between nitrogen amounts and root and refined sugar yield.

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Korlak, Piotr Kamil. "Comparative analysis and estimation of amounts of exhaust gas waste heat from the Tier III-compliant dual-fuel low-speed marine main engines." Pomorstvo 35, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.14.

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Existing and future IMO restrictions on emission of harmful substances contained in exhaust gas have introduced an obligation to implement technical solutions to reduce NOX, SOX and CO2 emissions. Reduction in NOX and SOX emissions has been achieved by systems (i.e. SCR and EGR) ensuring Tier III-compliant exhaust gas composition. SCR and EGR systems have also affected the amount of exhaust gas waste heat. Therefore reduction in CO2 emissions has mostly been dependent on available amount of exhaust gas waste heat to produce electricity using waste heat recovery generator unit instead of medium-speed diesel generating set. Comparative analysis of amounts of exhaust gas waste heat in LNG and MGO modes under ISO ambient conditions has been carried out with particular emphasis on the impact of different variants of SCR and EGR systems. Formulae to estimate the amounts of exhaust gas waste heat have been determined using least squares method.

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Wolf, Elissa, and Norman I. Badler. "The Distribution of Carried Items in Urban Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00230.

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Virtual heritage architectural and cultural reconstructions may be enhanced by populating the environment with simulated people. There are a number of important human modeling issues to address, such as situationally appropriate clothing, occupations, and behaviors. Our interest here is focused on how people interact with portable items in their environment: namely, whether they are carrying items and what those items are. With an end goal of enabling lifelike, data-driven, agent-based populace simulations, we conducted an informal but systematic ethnographic observational study of the items carried by more than 3,000 people in two different urban community environments: an indoor market and an outdoor city plaza. We recorded the number and types of items carried by each person, along with their gender, estimated age category, and whether they were alone or in a group. We performed a basic statistical analysis of the results. There were two highly significant findings: (1) a strong and similar majority of all people carry at least one item (76.63% in the indoor setting and 79.79% in the outdoor setting); and (2) the types and amounts of items carried were highly consistent across the two different environments, implying that the data may be applicable in a wide range of scenarios.

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Rapi, Stefano, Margherita Berardi, Filippo Cellai, Samuele Ciattini, Laura Chelazzi, Agostino Ognibene, and Tiziana Rubeca. "Effects of Fecal Sampling on Preanalytical and Analytical Phases in Quantitative Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Hemoglobin." International Journal of Biological Markers 32, no. 3 (July 2017): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijbm.5000265.

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Background Information on preanalytical variability is mandatory to bring laboratories up to ISO 15189 requirements. Fecal sampling is greatly affected by lack of harmonization in laboratory medicine. The aims of this study were to obtain information on the devices used for fecal sampling and to explore the effect of different amounts of feces on the results from the fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin (FIT-Hb). Methods Four commercial sample collection devices for quantitative FIT-Hb measurements were investigated. The volume of interest (VOI) of the probes was measured from diameter and geometry. Quantitative measurements of the mass of feces were carried out by gravimetry. The effects of an increased amount of feces on the analytical environment were investigated measuring the Hb values with a single analytical method. Results VOI was 8.22, 7.1 and 9.44 mm3 for probes that collected a target of 10 mg of feces, and 3.08 mm3 for one probe that targeted 2 mg of feces. The ratio between recovered and target amounts of devices ranged from 56% to 121%. Different changes in the measured Hb values were observed, in adding increasing amounts of feces in commercial buffers. Conclusions The amounts of collected materials are related to the design of probes. Three out 4 manufacturers declare the same target amount using different sampling volumes and obtaining different amounts of collected materials. The introduction of a standard probes to reduce preanalytical variability could be an useful step for fecal test harmonization and to fulfill the ISO 15189 requirements.

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Melichar, Tomáš, Jiří Bydžovský, and Ámos Dufka. "Lightweight Mortar Containing High Amounts of Alternative Raw Materials with Increased Thermal Resistance." Materials Science Forum 916 (March 2018): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.916.190.

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The paper researches lightweight mortars based on a high content of alternative materials. 25 – 30% heating plant slag was used in order to modify the matrix. Fly ash agloporite (a lightweight aggregate produced by self-combustion from fly ash) was used as an aggregate. Mortars were exposed to the temperatures up to 1,250° C. Two types of cooling were carried out at 1,000° C; controlled slow (in the furnace) and by shock (in water baths of approximate 18° C). Developed materials were further analyzed by various methods: monitoring changes in an observation furnace, physical–mechanical (to determine strength properties), physical-chemical (phase composition - XRD) and microstructural (SEM).

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Feng, Hongxia, Xiaonan Sui, Yunhe Chang, Baokun Qi, Yan Zhang, Yang Li, and Lianzhou Jiang. "Effect of Extruding Full-Fat Soy Flakes on Trans Fat Content." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/427423.

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To evaluate the effects of extrusion process on the trans fatty acids (TFAs) formation in soybean crude oils, three different extrusion parameters, namely, extrusion temperature (80–160°C), feed moisture (10–26%), and screw speed (100–500 rpm), were carried out. It was found that only five different types of TFAs were detected out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Before the extrusion started, the initial amount of total TFAs was 3.04 g/100 g. However, after extruding under every level of any variable, the total amounts of TFAs were significantly higher than those in the control sample (P<0.05). For example, taking the effect of extrusion temperature into account, we can find that the highest amount of total of trans fatty acid (TTFA) was 1.62 times the amount of that in the control sample, whereas the lowest amount of TTFA was 1.54 times the amount of that in the control sample. Importantly, it was observed that the amounts of every type of trans fatty acid were not continuously increasing with the increase of the level of any extrusion variable. This phenomenon demonstrated that the formation and diversification were intricate during extruding process and need to be further studied.

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Do-Dai, Thang, Duong T. Tran, and Long Nguyen-Minh. "Effect of fiber amount and stirrup ratio on shear resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete deep beams." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 15, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(2)-01.

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This paper deals with the effect of steel fiber amounts and the interaction between the fiber amount and stirrup ratio on the shear behavior and capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams with steel fibers. The experimental program was carried out on twelve deep beams with different fiber amounts (0, 30, 40, and 65 kg/m3) and stirrup ratios (0.1, 0.15, and 0.25%). The test results have shown that the use of steel fibers increased the shear resistance (up to 55%), reduced the shear crack width (up to 11 times) and deflection (up to 57%) of the tested deep beams. Also, it was found that using unsuitable steel fiber amount and stirrup ratio would reduce the efficiency of the fibers in a deep beam due to the interaction between the fibers and stirrups. Increasing the stirrup ratio in a deep beam with a high amount of steel fibers can reduce the efficacy of the fibers in enhancing the shear capacity of the beam. The most cost-effective steel fiber amount was found to be around 30 to 45 kg/m3. Keywords: steel fibers; deep beam; shear capacity; fiber amount; stirrup ratio.

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Hasanova, M. B., F. N. Bahmanova, F. M. Chiragov, and C. I. Mirzai. "DETERMINATION OF VANADIUM (V) TRACE AMOUNTS IN OIL SLUDGE AFTER PRELIMINARY CONCENTRATION WITH POLYMER SORBENT." Chemical Problems 19, no. 1 (2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2021-1-18-24.

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A modified sorbent based on copolymer of maleic anhydride with methacrylic acid was proposed for sorption of vanadium (V) concentration. A polymer chelating sorbent with fragments of para-amino salicylic acid was used in the work. Optimal sorption conditions were determined and the dependence of sorption capacity on the acidity of the solution studied. At pH 5, the degree of sorption attains its maximum. The effect of ionic strength on vanadium sorption was studied. Studies have shown that the ionic strength up to 0.6 mol/l does not affect the sorption, after 0.6 mol/l the increase in the ionic strength at the beginning gradually, and then sharply decreases the sorption. The effect of ionic strength on vanadium sorption was studied to show that the ionic strength up to 0.6 mol/l does not affect the sorption, and after 0.6 mol/l the increase in the ionic strength at the beginning gradually, and then sharply decreases the sorption. All further experiments were carried out in the solutions with an ionic strength of 0.6. It was found that as the concentration of vanadium rises in the solution, the amount of sorbed metal increases, and at a concentration of 8.10-3 mol/l it becomes maximum (pH = 5, CV5+ = 8.10-3 mol/l, vtotal = 20 ml, msorb. = 0.03 g, SC = 243 mg/g). The isotherm of vanadium (V) sorption with the synthesized sorbent was constructed. Sorption equilibrium is achieved within 1 hour of contact between the solution and the sorbent. Further growth in the sorption time does not change sorbent’s characteristics. The sorbent extracts vanadium (V) from solutions with a recovery rate of 93%. The effect of different mineral acids (HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3, HCl) of identical concentrations on vanadium (V) desorption from the sorbent was also studied. The results of the analysis showed that the maximum desorption of vanadium (V) occurs in perchlorate acid. The developed method was applied to determine the trace amounts of vanadium in oil sludge with preliminary concentration.

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Kamisango, Keiichi, Chieko Kamogawa, Mayumi Sumi, Susumu Goto, Akihide Hirao, Frank Gonzales, Kiyomi Yasuda, and Shiro Iino. "Quantitative Detection of Hepatitis B Virus by Transcription-Mediated Amplification and Hybridization Protection Assay." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 2 (1999): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.2.310-314.1999.

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We have developed a sensitive and quantitative assay using transcription-mediated amplification and hybridization protection assay for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum. The transcription-mediated amplification was carried out in a single tube. The hybridization protection assay was carried out in a microtiter plate with two probes with different specific activities to obtain a broad detection range. As a result, the assay had a detection range of 5 × 103 to 5 × 108 genome equivalents (GE)/ml and good quantitative accuracy on a logarithmic scale. A moderately sized manual assay run can be completed within 5 h. Measurements of the amounts of HBV DNA in clinical samples by the assay showed the amounts under various disease conditions to be widely distributed (more than 5 logs, from approximately 5 × 103 to 5 × 108 GE/ml). It was also shown that the amount of HBV DNA in one chronic hepatitis patient varied widely, with a range of more than 5 logs during long-term monitoring. Our assay has the potential to be used to monitor and determine the prognosis of HBV patients and carriers, especially during interferon treatment.

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Thitiwongsawet, Patcharaporn, Choolchinda Chandratat, and Sutee Boonnoppornkul. "Release of Sodium Salicylate from Hydrogels Prepared from Wheat and Arrowroot Starches." Key Engineering Materials 765 (March 2018): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.765.124.

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Sodium salicylate (SS), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was loaded into starch-based hydrogels and the release characteristics of SS therefrom was studied. The hydrogels were prepared from wheat and arrowroot starches and crosslinked with either glutaraldehyde or sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax). SS was loaded into hydrogel at concentrations of 10 and 20%w/w based on dry weight of sample. The study of release characteristics was carried out by total immersion method for 24 h in an acetate buffer solution (pH 5.5) at 32°C as the same condition of human skin. A burst release of SS at the initial time followed by a gradual release to reach a plateau was observed. The maximum amounts of SS released from the hydrogels were about 8-22 mg. The amount of water retention of hydrogels was also determined at the same condition with that of the study of release. The hydrogels with the greater amount of water retention showed the higher release of SS. The hydrogels crosslinked with borax had higher amounts of SS released than those crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The hydrogels containing 20% SS-loaded showed higher amounts of SS released than those containing 10% SS-loaded. The hydrogels prepared from arrowroot starch showed higher amounts of SS released than those prepared from wheat starch. From the study of release kinetics based on the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the exponents of release (n) of all specimens were close to 1 which indicated Case II diffusion.

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Kemacheevakul, Patiya, Surawut Chuangchote, Sosuke Otani, Tomonari Matsuda, and Yoshihisa Shimizu. "Effect of magnesium dose on amount of pharmaceuticals in struvite recovered from urine." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 7 (June 19, 2015): 1102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.313.

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Phosphorus (P) recovery was carried out through struvite precipitation from urines. Human urine, however, contains not only high nutrients for plants, such as P and nitrogen, but also pharmaceuticals and hormones. In this work, effects of magnesium (Mg) dose (in terms of Mg:P ratio) on P recovery efficiency and pharmaceutical amounts contained in struvite were investigated. Batch-scale experiments of synthetic and human urines revealed that struvite precipitation formed more X-shaped crystals with an increased molar ratio of Mg:P, while the amount of pharmaceuticals (tetracycline, demeclocycline, and oxytetracycline) in struvite decreased with an increased molar ratio of Mg:P. The lowest pharmaceutical amounts in struvite were found at the Mg:P ratio of 2:1 from both samples. Moreover, the maximum P recovery efficiency, quantity and purity of struvite were found in the range of 1.21 to 2:1. It indicated that the molar ratio of Mg:P has a significant impact on struvite precipitation in terms of pharmaceutical amounts in struvite; morphology, quantity and purity of struvite; and P recovery.

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Laskin, M. B., and L. B. Dampilon. "Adjustment of comparison objects by processing of large amounts of cadastral data." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 3 (2020): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-3-208-220.

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The article proposes an adjustment method of comparison objects in the comparative approach to real estate valuation, based on the comparison of clusters of different groups of real estate objects formed by price-forming factors and the rate of change between the dates of cadastral valuation. Price-forming factors are divided into qualitative and continuous ones. The division of objects into clusters is carried out according to the growth rate in the period between cadastral valuation and to the qualitative factors. Then, in each cluster, two-dimensional distributions of cadastral values and the resulting dependencies of the changed cadastral value on continuous price-forming factors are considered. The proposed method makes it possible to adjust the objects of comparison of market data (including for small samples), based on the data of cadastral accounting of two periods. These examples are based on a comparison of cadastral valuation results of residential real estate in St. Petersburg in 2015 and 2018.

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Biemond, H., J. Vos, and P. C. Struik. "Effects of nitrogen accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 1. Brussels sprouts." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 43, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v43i4.564.

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Three greenhouse trials and one field trial were carried out on Brussels sprout cv. Icarus SG2004 in which the treatments consisted of different N amounts and application dates. DM and N accumulation in stems, apical buds and groups of leaf blades, petioles and sprouts were measured frequently throughout crop growth. Total amounts of accumulated DM and N were affected by amount of N applied and date of application, but the final harvest indexes for DM and N (0.10-0.35 and 0.20-0.55, respectively) were not significantly affected by treatments in most experiments. Nitrate N concentrations were only high (up to about 2%) shortly after planting. The total N concentration of leaf blades and petioles increased with increasing leaf number. This increase resulted from a decreasing N concentration during the leaf's life. The total N concentration in sprouts changed little with leaf number.

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Shiri, Sabah, Ali Delpisheh, Ali Haeri, Abdolhossein Poornajaf, Babak Golzadeh, and Sina Shiri. "Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead Using the Flotation-spectrophotometric method." Analytical Chemistry Insights 5 (January 2010): ACI.S5948. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aci.s5948.

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The present study describes a simple and highly selective method for separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of extremely low concentrations of lead. It is based on flotation of a complex of Pb2+ ions and Alizarin yellow between aqueous and n-hexane interface at pH = 6. The proposed procedure is also applied for determination of lead in both tap water and prepared sea water samples. Beer's Law was obeyed over the concentration range of 3.86 × 10−8 To 8.20 × 10−7 molL−1 (8-170 ngmL−1) with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.33 × 106 molL−1 cm−1 for a 100 mL aliquot of the water sample. The detection limit (n = 10) was 8.7 × 10−9 molL−1 (1.0 ngmL−1) and the Relative standard deviation (R.S.D), (n = 10) for 7.2 × 10−7 molL−1 (150 ngmL−1) of Pb (II) was 4.36%. A notable advantage of the method is that the determination of Pb (II) is free from the interference of almost all cations and ions found in the environment and waste water samples. The determination of Pb (II) in tap and synthetic seawater samples was also carried out by the present method. The results were satisfactorily comparable so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed to the real samples.

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Shiri, Sabah, Ali Delpisheh, Ali Haeri, Abdolhossein Poornajaf, Babak Golzadeh, and Sina Shiri. "Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead Using the Flotation-spectrophotometric method." Analytical Chemistry Insights 6 (January 2011): ACI.S5948b. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aci.s5948b.

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The present study describes a simple and highly selective method for separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of extremely low concentrations of lead. It is based on flotation of a complex of Pb2+ ions and Alizarin yellow between aqueous and n-hexane interface at pH = 6. The proposed procedure is also applied for determination of lead in both tap water and prepared sea water samples. Beer's Law was obeyed over the concentration range of 3.86 × 10-8 To 8.20 × 10-7 molL-1 (8-170 ngmL-1) with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.33 × 106 molL-1 cm-1 for a 100 mL aliquot of the water sample. The detection limit (n = 10) was 8.7 × 10-9 molL-1 (1.0 ngmL-1) and the Relative standard deviation (R.S.D), (n = 10) for 7.2 × 10-7 molL-1 (150 ngmL-1) of Pb (II) was 4.36%. A notable advantage of the method is that the determination of Pb (II) is free from the interference of almost all cations and ions found in the environment and waste water samples. The determination of Pb (II) in tap and synthetic seawater samples was also carried out by the present method. The results were satisfactorily comparable so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed to the real samples.

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Jurzysta, Marian, Stanisław Burda, Janusz Żurek, and Michał Płoszyński. "The occurrence of isoflavones in some domestic clover varieties." Acta Agrobotanica 41, no. 1 (2013): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1988.009.

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Preliminary investigations were carried out in order to ascertain the occurrence of isoflavonoid compounds characterized by estrogenic activity, in five domestic species of clover: Trifolium pratense L., T. repens L., T. incarnatum L., T. resupinatum L. and T. hybridum L. Large amounts of biochanin A (0.8% d.m.) and formononetin (0.7% d.m.) and small amounts of genistein were identified in the green parts of red clover. In the remaining species, small amounts of formononetin and genistein were found. In all the species of clover, free isoflavonoid aglycones and glycosides were found. Laboratory tests carried out on mice showed that only T. pratense contained high estrogen activity. Red clover also had an unidentified factor which inhibited the increase of the body weight of young mice.

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Kuziak, Justyna, Kamil Zalegowski, Wioletta Jackiewicz-Rek, and Emilia Stanisławek. "Influence of the Type of Cement on the Action of the Admixture Containing Aluminum Powder." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 2927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112927.

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The study of the effect of cement type on the action of an admixture increasing the volume of concrete (containing aluminum powder), used in amounts of 0.5–1.5% of cement mass, was presented. The tests were carried out on cement mortars with Portland (CEM I) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag cement (CEM III). The following tests were carried out for the tested mortars: the air content in fresh mortars, compressive strength, flexural strength, increase in mortar volume, bulk density, pore structure evaluation (by the computer image analysis method) and changes in the concentration of OH− ions during the hydration of used cements. Differences in the action of the tested admixture depending on the cement used were found. To induce the expansion of CEM III mortars, a smaller amount of admixture is required than in the case of CEM I cement. Using the admixture in amounts above 1% of the cement mass causes cracks of mortars with CEM III cement due to slow hydrogen evolution, which occurs after mortar plasticity is lost. The use of an aluminum-containing admixture reduces the strength properties of the cement mortars, the effect being stronger in the case of CEM III cement. The influence of the sample molding time on the admixture action was also found.

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Kizilaslan, Nildem, and Nihal Zekiye Erdem. "The Effect of Different Amounts of Cinnamon Consumption on Blood Glucose in Healthy Adult Individuals." International Journal of Food Science 2019 (March 4, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4138534.

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Background. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of consumption of different amounts of cinnamon on preprandial blood glucose (PrBG), postprandial blood glucose (PoBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and body mass index (BMI). Methods. This study was carried out on 41 healthy adult individuals. The individuals were divided into 3 groups and monitored for 40 days. The first, second, and third groups were given 1 g/day, 3 g/day, and 6 g/day cinnamon, respectively. Before the beginning of the consumption of cinnamon, HbA1c and PrBG blood tests of the individuals were examined on an empty stomach at family practice centers. Two hours after these tests were carried out and breakfast, PoBG tests were performed. Results. According to the findings of the study, the differences between the average weight measurements, BMI values, and HbA1c values before consumption on days 20 and 40 were not statistically significant in the individuals consuming 1 g, 3 g, and 6 g of cinnamon a day. The difference between the average PrBG measurements was found to be significant in the individuals consuming 6 g of cinnamon per day. The difference between the average PoBG measurements before consumption on days 20 and 40 was significant in the individuals consuming 1 g, 3 g, and 6 g of cinnamon per day. Conclusions. In particular a 3–6 g of cinnamon consumption was found to affect certain blood parameters of individuals positively. Therefore, it is considered to be beneficial to raise awareness of individuals to be conscious to regularly consume cinnamon.

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Masincup, W. E., J. S. Bryan, and L. M. Ochs. "Development of an Interactive Electronic Technical Manual." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816695.

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For a number of years, the Navy has been pursuing a means of reducing or eliminating the amount of paper carried on board ship. In particular, technical manuals consume large amounts of storage space. The paper provides a case study of the development of a gas turbine technical manual into an interactive electronic (computerized) format. This paper presents some of the difficulties of the development process, enhancements that have been developed, software selection, graphics complexity, and hardware definition. In addition, a detailed description of a final product will be provided.

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Kabir, Mahmudul, Masafumi Suzuki, and Noboru Yoshimura. "Development of Rotary Magnetoferrite Treatment with Stirrers for Waste Water Treatment Plants to Reduce Excess Sludge." ISRN Materials Science 2012 (January 11, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/598798.

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A large amount of excess sludge is being produced in the waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), which is a serious problem in terms of economical and environmental problems. So, the experiments on reduction of excess sludge are carried out. We have introduced a new approach for reduction of excess sludge by using ferrite particles and permanent magnets. A rotary treatment plant was introduced which showed good possibilities of this method for application in the WWTPs. Stirrers hold a very important role in rotary magnetoferrite treatment as they directly get in touch with ferrite particles and sludge. In this paper, we have shown the relationship between the ferrite particles and stirrers. Again, the treatment was carried out for different amounts of activated sludge which shows that the smaller the amount, the better the treatment of sludge. This knowledge may pave the way for the reduction of excess sludge in WWTPs in practical fields.

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Kon, Okan, and İsmail Caner. "Evaluation of the use of lignite of Turkeys’ with biomass as Agricultural waste as fuel in terms of emissions." E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129401006.

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Agricultural wastes as Biomass contains low carbon, high hydrogen, high oxygen and a lower amount of sulfur. Coals contain higher amounts of carbon, lower amounts of hydrogen, lower oxygen and higher amounts of sulfur. With the use of lignite and biomass mixture as fuel will provide less CO2 and SO2 emissions and a more economical mixture will be obtained. Considering these emissions, fluidized bed combustion systems are recommended in the literature for the combustion of lignite and biomass. In this study, rice husks, corn cobs, walnut shells, sunflower shells, olive cake and woodchips were used as agricultural waste. 10 different lignite extracted from Turkey were used as fuel. It has been assumed that the combustion process was carried out by taking the biomass rate of 10%, 30% and 50%. When burning of 1 kg of lignite and biomass mixture, the highest CO2 emission occurs from 10% woodchips - 90% Kütahya - Ömerler (washed) mixture as 2.938 kg and the highest SO2 emission obtained from 10% olive cake - 90% Kütahya Seyitömer-Ayvalı lignite mixture as 0.061 kg. The highest H2O emission was obtained by mixing 50% woodchips - 50% Manisa-Kısrakdere lignite as 0.563 kg.

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Soiński, M. "The Influence of Small Amounts of Aluminium on the Spheroidization of Cast Iron with Cerium Mischmetal." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0048-3.

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The Influence of Small Amounts of Aluminium on the Spheroidization of Cast Iron with Cerium Mischmetal The influence of aluminium (added in quantity from about 0.6% to about 2.8%) on both the alloy matrix and the shape of graphite precipitates in cast iron treated with a fixed amounts of cerium mischmetal (0.11%) and ferrosilicon (1.29%) is discussed in the paper. The metallographic examinations were carried out for specimens cut out of the separately cast rods of 20 mm diameter. It was found that the addition of aluminium in the amounts from about 0.6% to about 1.1% to the cast iron containing about 3% of carbon, about 3.7% of silicon (after graphitizing modification), and 0.1% of manganese leads to the occurrence of the ferrite-pearlite matrix containing cementite precipitates in the case of the treatment of the alloy with cerium mischmetal. The increase in the quantity of aluminium up to about 1.9% or up to about 2.8% results either in purely ferrite matrix in this first case or in ferrite matrix containing small amounts of pearlite in the latter one. Nodular graphite precipitates occurred only in cast iron containing 1.9% or 2.8% of aluminium, and the greater aluminium content resulted in the higher degree of graphite spheroidization. The noticeable amount of vermicular graphite precipitates accompanied the nodular graphite.

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Su, Haw-Lih, Janos Balogh, Mohammed Al-Hashimi, Dave G. Seapy, Hassan S. Bazzi, and John A. Gladysz. "Convenient protocols for Mizoroki–Heck reactions of aromatic bromides and polybromides with fluorous alkenes of the formula H2CCH(CF2)n−1CF3 (n = 8, 10)." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 42 (2016): 10058–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob01980c.

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32

BUTTIGNOL, T. E. T., J. F. FERNANDES, T. N. BITTENCOURT, and J. L. A. O. SOUSA. "Design of reinforced concrete beams with steel fibers in the ultimate limit state." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 11, no. 5 (October 2018): 997–1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952018000500006.

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Abstract This paper carries out a design analysis of reinforced concrete beams with steel fibers following the fib Model Code 2010 (MC 2010) procedures. The values obtained from the design calculations are compared with the experimental results of reinforced concrete beams with 20kg/m3 and 60 kg/m3 of steel fibers submitted to four-point bending tests. In the first part, the procedures for the classification and characterization of the material are explained. The experimental results of three-point bending tests performed on notched steel fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) beams following EN 14651 procedures are described. Moreover, the characterization of the FRC beams according to MC 2010, are carried out. In the second part, the flexural design of reinforced concrete beams with steel fibers, according to MC 2010, is carried out. A sectional analysis is performed in order to obtain the moment-curvature and the force-vertical displacement curves. The theoretical values are compared with the experimental results. Besides, a linear statistic analysis by means of the Rule of Mixture is carried out in order to analyze the variation of the flexural capacity of the reinforced beams with different amounts of steel fibers. The results demonstrated that the design rules described in the MC 2010 are on the safe side. The flexural resistance of concretes with different amounts of fiber incorporation can be determined by the Rule of Mixture, which has shown a high correlation factor (R2) with the experimental values.

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Müller, Gerhard, Martin Waldkircher, and Martin Winkler. "Einfache photochemische Synthese von Benzylphosphanen / Facile Photochemical Synthesis of Benzylphosphines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 1606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-1202.

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Facile large-scale synthesis of the benzyl-dibromo-phosphines RPBr2 (R = C6H5CH2, 3,5-Me2C6H3CH2, 2-BrC6H4CH2) is accomplished by the photochemical reaction of toluene, mesitylene, and 2-bromotoluene, respectively, with PBr3 in the absence of solvent. If the reactions are carried out up to 50% completion the amount of by-products formed is remark ably low, rarely exceeding 10% of the total amount of products formed. The selectivity of the photoreaction may be improved up to 98% if it is carried out in a modified Soxhlet apparatus which allows the predominant irradiation of only the starting materials. The appar ent limitations imposed by the low turnovers required to achieve good product selectivity are by far outweighed by the large amounts of desired products formed in a short period of time and by the easy recovery of unreacted starting material by distillation. Thus in the case of 2-BrC6H4CH2PBr2, in a typical run 94 g (261 mmol) of product may be isolated after 2.5 h of irradiation of 970 mmol of 2-BrC6H5CH3 and 1.39 mol of PBr3. In this case the turnover is 32%. the isolated yield 27%, and the by-product 2-methylphenyl-dibromo-phosphine only amounts to less than 2%. The benzyl-dibromo-phosphines are easily methylated with two equivalents of MeMgCl to give the respective benzyl-dimethyl-phosphines in 79-93% yield. Tertiary benzylphosphines MePRR′ (R = 2-BrC6H4CH2, R′ = Me3SiCH2; R = R′ = 2-BrC6H4CH2) are obtained in easy one-pot syntheses by consecutive reactions of 2-BrC6H4CH2PBr2 with Me3SiCH2MgCl and MeMgCl, and with 2-BrC6H4CH2MgBr and MeMgCl, respectively.

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Chatterjee, Debnath, Abhijit Paul, Rajkamal Rajkamal, and Somnath Yadav. "Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O catalyzed solvent free per-O-acetylation and sequential one-pot conversions of sugars to thioglycosides." RSC Advances 5, no. 38 (2015): 29669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03461b.

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The solvent free per-O-acetylation of various reducing and non-reducing sugars has been carried out using stoichiometric amounts of acetic anhydride and copper(ii) perchlorate hexahydrate as the catalyst.

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Subrahmanyam, J., R. Mohan Rao, and G. Sundarasarma. "Combustion synthesis of MoSi2−TiC composites." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 5 (May 1995): 1226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1226.

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Stability of the binary phases in the quaternary system Mo–Ti–Si–C was examined for the combustion synthesis or Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) of MoSi2−TiC composites. Thermochemical calculations were carried out to obtain the adiabatic temperatures and the amounts of molten phases at the adiabatic temperature for the SHS of these composites. MoSi2−20 wt. % TiC and MoSi2−40 wt. % TiC composites were prepared by thermal explosion and SHS modes of combustion from elemental powders. The phase formation was confirmed by x-ray diffraction, and the morphologies were observed under SEM. No general correlation was obtained between the phase formation or product morphology on the one hand, and the adiabatic temperature or the amount of molten phase formed at the adiabatic temperature, on the other. MoSi2−40 wt. % TiC composites obtained by SHS mode of combustion show a highly homogeneous distribution of the two phases with negligible amounts of ternary phases.

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Matos, Ana M., Telma Ramos, and J. Sousa-Coutinho. "Strength, ASR and Chloride Penetration of Mortar with Granite Waste Powder." Key Engineering Materials 634 (December 2014): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.139.

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Over the last decades, extensive research has been undertaken to minimize the use of Portland cement by increasing the amount of various supplementary cementing materials since currently global concrete production accounts for more than five percent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. The granite cutting industry produces large amounts of wastes. Managing large amounts of sludge can be rather problematic for its producers, which must find appropriate places for storage and deposition. The experimental program carried out involved characterization of granite dust from a quarry in the north of Portugal, including chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis. Subsequently, mechanical and durability properties (alkali-silica reaction and resistance to penetration of chloride ions) were evaluated in mortar produced with different dosages of cement replacement, as well as, different levels of fineness of ground granite. It could be concluded that finely ground granite dust can originate a denser cement matrix and improve durability without compromising fresh behavior or strength.

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37

Majore, Kristīne, and Inga Ciproviča. "Optimisation of Lactose Hydrolysis by Combining Solids and ß-Galactosidase Concentrations in Whey Permeates." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 74, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2020-0041.

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AbstractA detailed study of lactose hydrolysis was conducted using 50, 250 and 500 units of ß-galactosidase (Kluyveromyces lactis and Bacillus licheniformis origin) in acid and sweet whey permeates at different solid concentrations 20%, 30% and 40% (w·v−1). The amount of lactose, glucose and galactose was measured by HPLC – RID. Hydrolysis was carried out at optimal enzyme temperature 42.5 °C for 4 h. Medium pH before hydrolysis was adjusted using 10% KOH. The experimental results were compared taking into account the sugar profiles and experimental conditions. The highest lactose hydrolysis occurred at solid concentration 20% (w·v−1) and at enzyme amounts of 250 and 500 units for both permeates. Using 50 units of enzymes, in many cases the amounts of glucose and galactose were more or less equal in range of 6.5–43 g·l−1 and the hydrolysis percentage was quite low in the range of 2.7–62%. Comparing both whey permeates, a higher hydrolysis percentage (99%) was obtained using acid whey and 500 enzyme units.

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Kobori, Ryo, Seiya Hashimoto, Hayato Koshimizu, Shuich Yakami, Mizuki Hirai, Kenta Noro, Takashi Kawasaki, and Akiko Saito. "Flavan-3-ols Content in Red Raspberry Leaves Increases under Blue Led-Light Irradiation." Metabolites 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9030056.

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Berry fruits are well known to contain large amounts of polyphenol compounds. Among them, flavan-3-ol derivatives are a group of secondary metabolism compounds currently attracting a great deal of attention owing to their health benefits. Not only the fruits, but also the leaves of raspberry plants, are highly esteemed for tea making around the world and are largely used for food. In this report, we discuss the results of our study on the effect of light and temperature on polyphenol accumulation in raspberry leaves. When raspberry was cultivated in a plant factory unit and light intensity, wavelength, and temperature were varied, the amount of total polyphenol increased under blue light. Quantitative determination of (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, procyanidin B4, flavan-3-ol trimer, which are flavan-3-ol derivatives, was carried out using HPLC, whereby we confirmed their increase under blue light. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed correlation between chalcone synthase (CHS) gene expression and the amounts of the compounds measured in the leaves.

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Toleugazy, R. T., and G. T. Balakayeva. "APPLICATION OF THE REGRESSION ANALYSIS METHOD FOR MODELLING THE PROCESSING OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA." BULLETIN Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences 69, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-1.1728-7901.80.

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In the modern world, there is often a time when the relevance of actions is not necessary, in addition, there is a need to predict further stages of activity. All this is possible thanks to the use of regression analysis, which is used in many areas of activity. This article describes the application of this analysis to Bank risk, namely credit risk. Computational and theoretical studies on the processing of big data of banking institutions based on regression analysis, namely the method of multiple regression, have been carried out. In addition, this article provides a forecast based on various economic changes. This is very important for the banking sector, primarily because these studies reflect trends in credit risk.

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Ma, Hua Bing, Mei Mei Li, Jun Jie Ren, Bao Guo Li, and Guo Hui Qi. "Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts on Water Use of Precocious Walnuts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1423.

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Objective : To provide scientific guidance for water management of precocious walnuts. Method: With 8 years old ‘Lvling’ walnut trees as samples, 5 irrigation quantity treatments were designed, including 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg of water per plant for each time, respectively and the routine irrigation amount (CK) was 600 kg of water per plant for each time. During the draught stage in growing season, 3 times of irrigation were carried out, and the effects of different treatments on sap flow, water use efficiency, yield and fruit quality were compared. Results: The daily instantaneous maximum average sap flow rates were found with 60 kg of water and control; the daily highest average water use efficiency was 1.54 mmol/mol with the treatment of 30 kg water; the daily highest average leaf water potential was-1.23 MPa with control; the highest yield per plant (1.48 kg) was found with the control, and the yield of 45 kg and 60 kg water per plant one time accounted for 98.65% and 99.32% of that of control, respectively. with T1 the yield was the lowest, only accounting for 70.65% of the control. Conclusion: As the soil water contents increased, the diurnal variation curve of sap flow rates changed from unimodal to bimodal patterns in sunny days, the main peak was narrowed; the curve of diurnal variation of leaf water potential changed from "V" to "W" type; the leaf water use efficiency increased initially and then decreased later; and the nut quality was improved and the yield increased. The optimal soil water content (SWC) of 'Lvling' precocious walnuts ranged from 20.01% ~ 21.96%.

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Kok, Gaik B., and Peter J. Scammells. "Efficient Iron-Catalyzed N-Demethylation of Tertiary Amine-N-oxides under Oxidative Conditions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 11 (2011): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11320.

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An investigation into the influence of oxidative conditions on the efficiency of opiate N-demethylation using iron powder has been carried out under non-classical Polonovski conditions. This approach involves a two-step process of N-oxidation and subsequent treatment of the intermediate N-oxide hydrochloride with the redox catalyst. Significant improvements in rate and yield have been realized for these reactions in the presence of molecular oxygen. In this context, further rate enhancement was achieved by the judicious addition of small amounts of ferric ions, leading to a concomitant reduction in the amount of the zero-valent iron primary catalyst that is required. This has led to a generalized improved methodology for the N-demethylation of oripavine, codeine, morphine, and thebaine. This protocol can also be carried out in one-pot without the need to isolate the intermediate N-oxide.

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Konishi, Htroyuki, Makoto Wada, and Tatsuo Endoh. "Seasonal variations of cloud and precipitation at Syowa station, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-597-602.

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Long-term observatinns of precipitating clouds were carried out by a vertical pointing radar and plan-position indicator PPI) radar at Syowa station (69.0°S, 40.5°E), Antarctica, in 1989. The observations revealed that there were three abundant snowfall seasons at Syowa station and the amount of snowfall was uniform in all seasons except summer. The amounts of precipitation in autumn, winter and spring were 74, 74 and 53 mm (liquid water equivalent), respectively. The amounts of precipitation in autumn and winter were large at Syowa station in 1989. However, the amount of precipitation on the inland ice is expected to be small in winter, indicated by the distributions of precipitation measured by the PPI radar. The occurrence frequencies of cloud vortices which brought snowfall to Syowa station increased in the autumn and spring seasons, corresponding to the activity of the circumpolar trough. However, the activities ofcloud systems that bring precipitation weaken in Spring when the sea-ice area expands to low latitudes, because of a lower supply of heat and vapor. Thus the activities of cloud vortices are also weakened above the sea ice.

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STEVENSON, D. S., and G. H. NEILSEN. "NITROGEN ADDITIONS AND LOSSES TO DRAINAGE IN ORCHARD-TYPE IRRIGATED LYSIMETERS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-002.

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Controlled fertilizer nitrogen (N) inputs and releases to drainage waters were recorded for 9 yr in orchard-type lysimeters. Irrigations were varied year by year from about 37 to 100% of the maximum for the area. One apple tree per lysimeter was the test crop. Large amounts of drainage resulting from the highest levels of irrigation carried the largest amounts of nitrate [Formula: see text] to groundwater but when irrigation was less than 75% of maximum much smaller annual amounts appeared in drainage, mostly because drainage was small. Year 1 of drainage, although light, carried substantial amounts of [Formula: see text] out of the lysimeters probably reflecting mineralized native organic N plus applied N. The largest single influence on the retention of N was the presence of a cover crop. In 9 yr, 40 – 45% of applied N reappeared in drainage waters under grass while 88 – 115% of applied N reappeared under bare soil. The quantities of applied N (N1 = 162 kg N ha−1; N2 = 324 kg N ha−1) had less influence than the cover crop. The importance of measuring and sampling every drainage event because of wide ranges of [Formula: see text] concentrations is emphasized. Averaging could be misleading. The potential impact of [Formula: see text] releases to the aquatic environment of the watershed is discussed briefly. Key words: Nitrogen losses, lysimeters, irrigation, watershed, nitrate

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Nurzyńska-Wierdak, Renata. "Comparing the growth and flowering of selected basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties." Acta Agrobotanica 60, no. 2 (2012): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2007.040.

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Investigations carried out in 2005-2006 related to the growth, flowering, and yielding of selected basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties. The most important biometric traits, number of days from sowing till flowering, size of fresh and air-dried herb weight, and essential oil content in dried material, were determined. Great morphological and developmental as well as chemical composition differentiation was found for studied basil varieties. Plants of 'Sweet' cv. were characterized by the largest height (53.4 cm) and side shoot number (16), 'Lemon' - by the largest plant diameter (42.3 cm). The number of days till flowering depended on weather conditions and the variety, and it amounted from 44 to 126. Basil flowers were white, pink, and violet. Herb yield depended on the variety and growth conditions. Differences in the amount and yield of essential oil from basil were also recorded. The largest amounts of oil (1.55%) were accumulated by 'Bush' cv.

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Silva, Rafael José Navas da, Eduardo Rossini Guimarães, José Francisco Garcia, Paulo Sérgio Machado Botelho, Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro, Miguel Angelo Mutton, and Márcia Justino Rossini Mutton. "Infestation of froghopper nymphs changes the amounts of total phenolics in sugarcane." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 6 (December 2005): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000600005.

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The increased rate of sugarcane harvest without previous burn has provided a very favorable environment to the froghopper Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stal, 1854), with high moisture and low temperature variation. Few works have studied the response of sugarcane to this pest, so little is known about resistant cultivars. Plant phenolics are widely studied compounds because of their known antiherbivore effect. This research aims to determine if the attack of M. fimbriolata nymphs stimulates the accumulation of total phenolics in sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse and arranged in completely randomized design, in a 3 X 2 X 4 factorial with three replications. Second instar nymphs of M. fimbriolata were infested at the following rates: control, 2-4 and 4-8 nymphs per pot (first-second infestations, respectively). Pots were covered with nylon net and monitored daily to isolate the effect of leaf sucking adults. Leaf and root samples were collected and kept frozen in liquid nitrogen until analyses. Infested plants showed higher levels of phenolics in both root and leaf tissues. In roots, the cultivar SP80-1816 accumulated more phenolic compounds in response to the infestation of M. fimbriolata. On the other hand, higher levels were found in leaves and roots of control plants of SP86-42, which might be an indication of a non-preference mechanism. The increase of total phenolics in sugarcane infested with root-sucking froghopper nymphs does not seem to be useful to detect the resistance to this pest.

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Illarionova, Kseniia, and Sergey Grigoryev. "Micromycetes-resistant colored cotton is promising material to reduce mycotoxins amounts in textiles." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 06015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016406015.

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The aim of research was to characterize epiphyte micromycetes observed on variable cotton fibers accessions, to estimate the range of fiber destruction and select cotton, which were the most resistant to fungus damage. The accessions of differently colored Upland Cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.) evaluated: eleven cotton of natural green, twelve – of brown and eleven of conventional white color. Cotton plants have been grown in Sothern Federal District, RF. The fiber samples for the study were placed into a thermostat in sterile Petri dishes on moistened filter paper in order to stimulate the development of mycelium or sporulation of fungi naturally occurred on fibers. Incubation carried out in a thermostat at a +24-28 °C, humidity of 90-100% and exposed for 28 days. The samples examined with a microscope or binocular magnifier. Aspergillus ustus (Bainier), A. fumigatus Fresen., A. niger v. Tiegh., A. flavus Link, Penicillium aurantiogriseum Dierckx, P. notatum Westling, Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. and Alternaria alternata (Fuier) Keissler were detected. Compared with exposed white, accession of green and brown colors were significantly resistant to fungus. The mean of destruction (K) of white cotton varied up to 0.95, but colored accessions not exceeded 0.3 (initial destruction of the surface, not affecting internal fiber’s structure).

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Vora, J. J., S. K. Chauhan, K. C. Parmar, S. B. Vasava, S. Sharma, and L. S. Bhutadiya. "Kinetic Study of Application of ZnO as a Photocatalyst in Heterogeneous Medium." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 2 (2009): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/139753.

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The photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol over ZnO was carried out in the presence of light. Control experiments were carried out. The photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol was observed spectro-photmerically. The various parameters like concentrations of substrate, pH, amounts and band gaps of semiconductor, impact of light intensity, sensitizers and radical quenchers affected the kinetics of the degradation process. A probable mechanism for this process has been proposed.

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Sánchez Caballero, Eduardo, J. Cintas, M. Herrera-García, Francicso Gomez Cuevas, and Juan M. Montes. "Order Effect of Vacuum and Ammonia Atmospheres on Aluminium Nitriding by Mechanical Alloying." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.936.

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Aluminium powder was milled under vacuum and/or ammonia atmospheres, in order to evaluate the effect of the order of the atmospheres on the amount of nitrides appearing in the powder after a subsequent heat treatment. All milling experiences were carried out at room temperature for 5 h. The XRD study of sintered powders showed that important amounts of AlN appeared after heating. The use of vacuum and ammonia flow allows controlling the percentage of N rich phases formed. Moreover, the capacity of incorporating nitrogen to the aluminium lattice is very influenced by the vacuum and ammonia flow atmospheres order during the milling process.

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Berry, A. D., R. T. Holm, M. Fatemi, and D. K. Gaskill. "OMCVD of thin films from metal diketonates and triphenylbismuth." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 6 (June 1990): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1169.

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Films containing the metals copper, yttrium, calcium, strontium, barium, and bismuth were grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD). Depositions were carried out at atmospheric pressure in an oxygen-rich environment using metal beta-diketonates and triphenylbismuth. The films were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy, Nomarski and scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The results show that films containing yttrium consisted of Y2O3 with a small amount of carbidic carbon, those with copper and bismuth were mixtures of oxides with no detectable carbon, and those with calcium, strontium, and barium contained carbonates. Use of a partially fluorinated barium beta-diketonate gave films of BaF2 with small amounts of BaCO3.

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Loch, RJ, and TE Donnollan. "Effects of the amount of stubble mulch and overland flow on erosion of a cracking clay soil under simulated rain." Soil Research 26, no. 4 (1988): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880661.

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A field study by using simulated rain and run-on water was carried out to determine the effects of different amounts of wheat stubble mulch (ranging from 0.1 to 3 t ha-1) and increasing discharge on erosion. Rain-flow erosion decreased with increasing amounts of stubble. Concentrations of bed-load sediment carried by rain-flow decreased with increasing plot discharge. As discharges increased, overland flow probably became too deep for drop impact to effectively disturb the soil surface and entrain sediment. Only plots carrying 0.1 t ha-1 stubble showed definite scour by overland flow. However, sediment concentrations produced by scour were well below those measured in rill flow on bare soil at this site, showing that even very small rates of stubble mulch can, in some situations, significantly reduce erosion. Discharges at which rilling develops fully must be much larger than those at which scour by overland flow is initiated. Future work will need to consider discharges much larger than those used in this study.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Amounts carried'

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