Relevant bibliographies by topics / Amphibian ecology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Amphibian ecology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Amphibian ecology"

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Hime, Paul M., Alan R. Lemmon, Emily C. Moriarty Lemmon, Elizabeth Prendini, Jeremy M. Brown, Robert C. Thomson, Justin D. Kratovil, et al. "Phylogenomics Reveals Ancient Gene Tree Discordance in the Amphibian Tree of Life." Systematic Biology 70, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa034.

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Abstract Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment protocol targeting hundreds of conserved exons which are effective across the class. After obtaining data from 220 loci for 286 species (representing 94% of the families and 44% of the genera), we estimate a phylogeny for extant amphibians and identify gene tree–species tree conflict across the deepest branches of the amphibian phylogeny. We perform locus-by-locus genealogical interrogation of alternative topological hypotheses for amphibian monophyly, focusing on interordinal relationships. We find that phylogenetic signal deep in the amphibian phylogeny varies greatly across loci in a manner that is consistent with incomplete lineage sorting in the ancestral lineage of extant amphibians. Our results overwhelmingly support amphibian monophyly and a sister relationship between frogs and salamanders, consistent with the Batrachia hypothesis. Species tree analyses converge on a small set of topological hypotheses for the relationships among extant amphibian families. These results clarify several contentious portions of the amphibian Tree of Life, which in conjunction with a set of vetted fossil calibrations, support a surprisingly younger timescale for crown and ordinal amphibian diversification than previously reported. More broadly, our study provides insight into the sources, magnitudes, and heterogeneity of support across loci in phylogenomic data sets.[AIC; Amphibia; Batrachia; Phylogeny; gene tree–species tree discordance; genomics; information theory.]
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deMaynadier, Phillip G., and Malcolm L. Hunter Jr. "The relationship between forest management and amphibian ecology: a review of the North American literature." Environmental Reviews 3, no. 3-4 (July 1, 1995): 230–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a95-012.

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Questions about the compatibility of forest harvesting practices and conservation of biological diversity are largely driven by concerns that habitat quality for many species may be degraded in intensively managed forest landscapes. We review the literature on relationships between common forest harvesting practices and the distribution and abundance of amphibians, a group that has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their potential ecological importance in forest ecosystems and because of reports of widespread population declines. Clear-cut harvesting generally has negative short-term impacts on local amphibian populations, especially salamanders. An analysis of the results of 18 studies that examined the effects of clear-cutting on amphibians yielded a 3.5-fold median difference in abundance of amphibians on controls over clear-cuts. However, research on the influence of forest age suggests that the long-term effects of forest harvesting on amphibians are variable, and for many species these effects can be mitigated if regeneration practices leave adequate microhabitat structure intact. In contrast, long-term effects can be significant in forest plantations, which are often associated with intensive site preparations and stand management practices that modify levels of coarse woody debris and other microhabitats. Other forest practices reviewed for their effect on amphibians include prescribed fire, logging roads, and streamside harvesting. We discuss problems commonly encountered in the experimental design and measurement of forest amphibian populations, including a notable lack of pretreatment data, and outline several aspects of amphibian–forestry relationships in need of further research. Management recommendations relevant to conserving upland and riparian zone amphibian habitat during forest harvesting are offered.Key words: amphibians, clear-cutting, coarse woody debris, forest management, logging roads, plantations, prescribed fire, riparian, succession.
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Lips, Karen R. "Overview of chytrid emergence and impacts on amphibians." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1709 (December 5, 2016): 20150465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0465.

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Chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease of amphibians that affects over 700 species on all continents where amphibians occur. The amphibian–chytridiomycosis system is complex, and the response of any amphibian species to chytrid depends on many aspects of the ecology and evolutionary history of the amphibian, the genotype and phenotype of the fungus, and how the biological and physical environment can mediate that interaction. Impacts of chytridiomycosis on amphibians are varied; some species have been driven extinct, populations of others have declined severely, whereas still others have not obviously declined. Understanding patterns and mechanisms of amphibian responses to chytrids is critical for conservation and management. Robust estimates of population numbers are needed to identify species at risk, prioritize taxa for conservation actions, design management strategies for managing populations and species, and to develop effective measures to reduce impacts of chytrids on amphibians. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
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Nunes, Ana L., Jennifer M. Fill, Sarah J. Davies, Marike Louw, Alexander D. Rebelo, Corey J. Thorp, Giovanni Vimercati, and John Measey. "A global meta-analysis of the ecological impacts of alien species on native amphibians." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1897 (February 27, 2019): 20182528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2528.

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The exponential increase in species introductions during the Anthropocene has brought about a major loss of biodiversity. Amphibians have suffered large declines, with more than 16% considered to be threatened by invasive species. We conducted a global meta-analysis of the impacts of alien species on native amphibians to determine which aspects of amphibian ecology are most affected by plant, invertebrate, fish, amphibian, reptile, or mammal introductions. Measures of fitness were most strongly affected; amphibian performance was consistently lower in the presence of alien species. While exposure to alien species caused a significant decrease in amphibian behavioural activity when compared with a no species control, this response was stronger towards a control of native impacting species. This indicates a high degree of prey naiveté towards alien species and highlights the importance of using different types of controls in empirical studies. Alien invertebrates had the greatest overall impact on amphibians. This study sets a new agenda for research on biological invasions, highlighting the lack of studies investigating the impacts of alien species on amphibian terrestrial life-history stages. It also emphasizes the strong ecological impacts that alien species have on amphibian fitness and suggests that future introductions or global spread of alien invertebrates could strongly exacerbate current amphibian declines.
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Pranoy Kishore Borah, Avrajjal Ghosh, Bikash Sahoo, and Aniruddha Datta-Roy. "A frog that eats foam: predation on the nest of Polypedates sp. (Rhacophoridae) by Euphlyctis sp. (Dicroglossidae)." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 14 (October 26, 2020): 17041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6291.12.14.17041-17044.

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Amphibians in terms of their predatory behaviour depend mainly upon the ambush technique. Other than predation, amphibians have also been recorded to scavenge to acquire food resources. This is an opportunistic observation of predatory behaviour of an amphibian species (Euphlyctis sp.) on the foam nest of another species (Polypedates sp.). The behaviour was recorded during a routine field sampling, which is broadly written in the body of this write up. Such an observation to our knowledge has not been reported earlier. This observation will have implications in terms of amphibian ecology, behavioural studies, and also diversity studies in the range of foraging behaviour.
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Krishnamurthy, S. V. "Amphibian assemblages in undisturbed and disturbed areas of Kudremukh National Park, central Western Ghats, India." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000274.

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Human activities have fragmented amphibian habitats and affected amphibian diversity and distribution, but the ecology is poorly known. A four-year study assessed the diversity and distribution of amphibians in undisturbed and disturbed sites of the Kudremukh National Park (KNP), India. Iron-ore mining and associated activities in the KNP have induced habitat fragmentation. The disturbed sites had ranges of habitat variables clearly distinguishable from undisturbed sites. Thirty-six species of anurans and six species of caecilians have been recorded in the KNP and the total amphibian species richness represents 20% of the whole Indian amphibian fauna. Among these, 20 species were distributed in both disturbed and undisturbed sites, while 22 were found only in undisturbed sites indicating they may be threatened by further habitat fragmentation. Species diversity and richness formed two distinct groups clearly associated with disturbed and undisturbed habitats, respectively.
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Ramesh, Rasika, Kerry Griffis-Kyle, Gad Perry, and Michael Farmer. "Urban Amphibians of the Texas Panhandle." Reptiles & Amphibians 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v19i4.13918.

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Habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation due to urbanization are implicated in amphibian declines worldwide. Conservation efforts require information on resident species and their habitat interactions, but amphibian ecology is largely unstudied in urban centers of the Southern High Plains. Here, we gathered baseline data on amphibian presence, species richness, and habitat preferences at site-specific and landscape scales during a severe drought year in the city of Lubbock, in northwestern Texas. Ephemeral playa wetlands are characteristic of this landscape. During urbanization, these have been extensively modifiied for stormwater drainage, agriculture, and construction of roads, buildings and neighborhoods. A semi-arid climate with frequent droughts, together with urbanization, could have an adverse effect on resident amphibians. In 2011, we sampled 23 urban lakes for amphibian presence, using a combination of audio, visual, and larval surveys. We detected five amphibian species at seven lakes; Texas Toads (Anaxyrus speciosus) and Spotted Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris clarkii) were the most frequently encountered species. We found significant negative effects of nearby road density on amphibian species presence and richness. We also detected significant negative effects of basic pH on amphibian species richness. These data can be used for prioritizing lakes for amphibian conservation strategies, to monitor ecosystem function in urban wetlands, and to guide future development and restoration efforts.
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Buckley, Lauren B., and Walter Jetz. "Environmental and historical constraints on global patterns of amphibian richness." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1614 (February 27, 2007): 1167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0436.

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Our knowledge of the broad-scale ecology of vertebrate ectotherms remains very limited. Despite ongoing declines and sensitivity to environmental change, amphibian distributions are particularly poorly understood. We present a global analysis of contemporary environmental and historical constraints on amphibian richness, the first for an ectotherm clade at this scale. Amphibians are presumed to experience environmental constraints distinct from those of better studied endothermic taxa due to their stringent water requirements and the temperature dependence of their energetic costs and performance. Single environmental predictors set upper bounds on, but do not exclusively determine, amphibian richness. Accounting for differing regional histories of speciation and extinction helps resolve triangular or scattered relationships between core environmental predictors and amphibian richness, as the relationships' intercepts or slopes can vary regionally. While the magnitude of richness is strongly determined by regional history, within-region patterns are consistently jointly driven by water and temperature. This confirms that ecophysiological constraints extend to the broad scale. This coupling suggests that shifts in climatic regimes will probably have dramatic consequences for amphibians. Our results illustrate how the environmental and historical explanations of species richness gradients can be reconciled and how the perspectives are complements for understanding broad-scale patterns of diversity.
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Sheridan, Chris D., and Deanna H. Olson. "Amphibian assemblages in zero-order basins in the Oregon Coast Range." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1452–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-038.

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Zero-order basins, extending from ridgelines to the initiation of first-order streams, were sampled in the Coast Range of Oregon to (i) characterize spatial distribution patterns of amphibian species and assemblages along longitudinal and lateral gradients, and relative to three geomorphic surfaces (valleys, headmost areas, and slopes); and (ii) develop empirical species–habitat models. Unmanaged zero-order basins were hotspots for amphibian diversity, with significant differences across geomorphic gradients. Captures of riparian-associated amphibians were higher in valley areas, usually within 2 m of basin center. Upland-associated amphibians were captured two times farther from basin centers than riparian-associated species, but highest densities occurred only 2–5 m from basin center. The most useful empirical models related captures of individual amphibian species to geomorphic, disturbance, moisture, and overstory variables. Ordination and indicator species analysis characterized geomorphic and other environmental gradients in amphibian assemblages and suggested spatial compression of fluvial habitats and riparian-associated species in zero-order basins, in comparison with downstream areas. Our findings have implications for headwater areas managed to hedge risk to and uncertainty in amphibian persistence, namely in the delineation of zones with species management priority, and in the maintenance of natural fluvial and hillslope disturbance regimes, along with the microhabitat features created by these regimes.
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C. Nias, Raymond. "Recent trends in amphibian conservation: a report from the Third World Congress of Herpetology." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 3 (1998): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980179.

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The Third World Congress of Herpetology was held in Prague, capital of the Czech Republic from 2nd to 10th August, 1997. Some 40 papers and posters about the conservation of amphibians were presented, including a full day symposium on declining amphibian populations. The Declining Amphibian Task Force (an IUCN Species Survival Commission Specialist Group) held an open meeting on Tuesday, August 5.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Amphibian ecology"

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Regula, Meyer Lisa K. "INVASIVE PLANTS AND NATIVE AMPHIBIANS: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1384952870.

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Harrison, J. D. "Aspects of the ecology of amphibian larvae." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356737.

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Regula, Meyer Lisa. "Invasive plants and native amphibians| The implications for amphibian conservation in eastern North America." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618851.

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Humans introduce non-native plants to new areas at an increasing rate with the increased movement across the globe. These invasive species can become mono-cultures and extremely different from the native floral community. Amphibians, at the same time, are facing global declines with approximately one-third of all amphibians threatened or endangered. Due to the importance of amphibians as prey items for many vertebrates including small birds, mammals, and reptiles, and also predator controls over many invertebrates, including some pest species, the decline of amphibians has large implications for many environments. This study looks at a range of interactions between two invasive plants ( Typha angustifolia and Phragmites australis) and two native anurans (Lithobates clamitans and Lithobates catesbeianus).

As ecosystem engineers, plants form the basis of many communities, and sculpt the physical environment by adding complexity to the earth's surface. They also add chemical constituents either actively or passively too ward off other competitors. This change in the environment on both the chemical and physical level leads to complex possibilities for a changed plant community to impact the rest of the ecosystem, including amphibians. I focus on the physical changes by looking at behavior of amphibians in these invasive plant mono-cultures and non-invaded controls, and their appearance in invaded and non-invaded wetlands, both constructed and naturally occurring. On the chemical side of the matter, I monitor water chemistry measures in natural and constructed wetlands that are either lacking invasive plants or have a substantial presence of these plants, and correlate those measures with tadpole growth and survival.

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Greenberg, Daniel. "Population dynamics of a declining amphibian." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121577.

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With concern rising over the global decline of amphibian populations, identifying the onset of declines and the factors driving them is paramount. Amphibian populations are naturally characterized by large fluctuations in abundance, which makes separating natural fluctuations from true declines very difficult. By improving our understanding of the natural dynamics of amphibian populations, we can separate normal fluctuations from altered dynamics associated with decline. I apply this principle to an endangered population of Fowler's toads (Anaxyrus [=Bufo] fowleri) in Long Point, Ontario which appears to have gradually declined in abundance. With over two decades of mark-recapture data, I investigate what factors, intrinsic and extrinsic, drive growth in this population. Over this same period, there have been considerable changes to the toads' habitat, as an invasive strain of the common reed, Phragmites australis, has overtaken the wetlands used by toads for breeding. I show that the expansion of this reed has altered the dynamics of the toad population, causing progressive decline due to breeding habitat loss. Prior to 2002, the population of toads was driven by density-dependent growth and overwinter mortality. After 2002, at which point the reeds had eliminated most of the open water habitat, the population of toads responded only to extrinsic factors, particularly the water level of Lake Erie. I then ask whether the expansion of invasive Phragmites has changed not just the quantity of larval habitat, but also its quality, through the release of secondary compounds. I hypothesize that Fowler's toad larvae, as obligate gill breathers, will experience reduced survival, growth, and development in the presence of gill damaging secondary compounds from the invasive Phragmites and native Typha. In contrast, the sympatric Northern leopard frog (Lithobates [=Rana] pipiens) should exhibit similar performance as tadpoles in the presence of secondary compounds, as a facultative gill breather. Contrary to my expectations, I found that Fowler's toad tadpoles had a similar performance across treatments, despite the presence of secondary compounds. Furthermore, the native plant, Typha, but not the invasive Phragmites, appeared to impede growth in Leopard frog tadpoles. Based on these results, I conclude that the expansion of invasive Phragmites has the potential to impact species through changes to available habitat, but not by reducing larval habitat quality. By incorporating population dynamics into the study of amphibian declines we can improve our ability to infer causal links between population declines and the mechanisms that drive them.
Alors que le déclin de la population amphibienne mondiale est de plus en plus préoccupant, il est primordial d'identifier les facteurs qui en sont la cause. Puisqu'une certaine fluctuation de population est normale, il est difficile de déterminer si une variation donnée est naturelle ou symptomatique d'un déclin réel. Une meilleure compréhension des fluctuations de la population amphibienne pourrait servir à distinguer entre les facteurs naturels de variation et une altération de dynamique associée à un déclin. Voilà l'idée directrice de cette étude d'une espèce à risque, le crapaud de Fowler (Anaxyrus [=Bufo] fowleri) de Long Point en Ontario, dont la population semble diminuer graduellement. À partir de l'information recueillie sur deux décennies de marquage-recapture, j'ai examiné les facteurs, internes et externes, de variation de leur population. Au cours de la période, leur habitat de reproduction a été considérablement détérioré par la présence d'une espèce envahissante de roseau commun, le Phragmites australis. J'explore le lien entre cette altération de dynamique et le déclin progressif des crapauds de Fowler. Avant 2002, leur population était régulée par des facteurs internes comme la croissance en fonction de la densité et la mortalité hivernale. Depuis, les roseaux communs ont éliminé la plupart de l'habitat en eau libre des crapauds de Fowler, dont la population ne répond plus qu'à des facteurs externes d'influence, en particulier le niveau de l'eau du lac Érié. Ensuite, je cherche à voir si la présence de l'espèce envahissante a influencé, non seulement la quantité d'habitat de reproduction du crapaud de Fowler, mais aussi la qualité de ce qui reste, par la production de composés secondaires. L'hypothèse explorée est que les composés secondaires nuisibles aux branchies, produits autant par l'espèce envahissante Phragmites que par l'espèce native Typha, réduisent les chances de survie, la croissance et le développement des crapauds de Fowler, qui respirent nécessairement par leurs branchies. En toute logique, l'espèce sympatrique grenouille léopard du Nord (Lithobates [=Rana] pipiens), qui respire par ses branchies de façon facultative, devrait être affectée de façon similaire. Cependant, ce n'est pas le cas ; j'ai remarqué que les têtards de crapauds de Fowler n'étaient pas affectés par la présence de composés secondaires. De plus, c'est l'espèce native Typha qui semblait nuire à la croissance des crapauds de Fowler, plutôt que l'espèce envahissante Phragmites. J'en conclus que l'expansion de cette dernière peut influencer plusieurs espèces par une réduction de l'habitat disponible, mais pas par la détérioration de la qualité de son habitat larvaire. En étudiant le déclin amphibien à partir de la dynamique de population, nous pouvons améliorer notre capacité à établir des liens entre le déclin de populations d'espèces et les mécanismes qui y contribuent.
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Prairie, Marie-Pier. "Landscape ecology of an amphibian community in southern Quebec, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66684.

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This thesis investigated the factors governing pond-breeding amphibian life stage occurrences at multiple sites within a 467-hectare forest at Mont-Saint-Grégoire, Québec, during 2006 and 2007. Several environmental, landscape characteristics and predator occurrences were tested using different statistical analyses to predict occurrence of these life stages. Life stages responded to different conditions and were not predicted by the same factors. Recruitment can be successful only if conditions are suitable for all life stages. Recruitment was poorly predicted by the detection of breeding adults, while it was better predicted by that of eggs and tadpoles. Different species also responded differently to environmental and biotic conditions, and what was required by amphibia as a taxon was not accurate for predicting population dynamics of individual species. We attempted to study dispersal patterns of three species, but the breeding season of 2007 was brief due to exceptional weather conditions and, thus, no pattern could be detected. These findings illustrate the complexity of pond-breeding amphibian population dynamics and the need for further long-term, multivariate and multi-species studies.
Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur les facteurs potentiels pouvant influencer l'occurrence des stades de développement chez les amphibiens se reproduisant dans des étangs dans plusieurs sites situés dans une forêt de 467 hectares à Mont-Saint-Grégoire, Québec, en 2006 et 2007. Plusieurs variables environnementales et liées au paysage ainsi que l'occurrence d'espèces de prédateurs ont fait l'objet d'analyses statistiques visant à vérifier leur capacité à prédire l'occurrence des stades. Ceux-ci ont été influencés différemment par les conditions environnementales et leur occurrence n'a pas pu être prédite par les mêmes facteurs. Le recrutement de nouveaux individus est possible seulement si les conditions sont favorables pour tous les stades. La détection d'adultes reproducteurs n'est pas un moyen adéquat pour prédire le recrutement. En effet, la présence d'œufs ou de têtards permet de prédire davantage la présence de recrutement. Les différentes espèces ne sont pas influencées de la même façon par les facteurs et ce que les amphibiens requièrent en général n'est pas représentatif des besoins de chaque espèce. De plus, nous avons tenté de comprendre, sans succès, la dispersion de trois espèces, car la reproduction fut très brève en 2007 en raison des conditions météorologiques. Ces résultats laissent entrevoir la complexité de la dynamique des populations chez les amphibiens se reproduisant dans des étangs et la nécessité de réaliser des études multifactorielles à long terme sur plusieurs espèces.
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Middleton, Jessica. "Population ecology of a declining amphibian in relation to density." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114513.

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In species with complex life cycles such as amphibians, population regulation can occur in one or multiple stages. Density effects in the larval, aquatic stage of the amphibian life cycle have been widely documented, leading many researchers to assume that this is the stage in which amphibian populations are regulated. However, recent evidence suggests that factors affecting survival and reproduction in the terrestrial stage may play a greater role in the growth and decline of amphibian populations than previously thought. I review the evidence for density-dependent population regulation in the terrestrial stage of amphibians and argue that variation in body size may be an important mechanism linking population density to changes in population growth rate (CHAPTER ONE). I used data from a 23-year population survey at Long Point, Ontario and conducted summer growth-rate surveys to examine the body size-abundance relationship in Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri). Over the past 10 years of the population survey at Long Point, we observed a significant increase in body size (R² = 0.874, p = <0.001) that was coincident with a previously detected negative trend in abundance. The age structure of this population is highly unstable, but overall the average age is getting older (R² = 0.325, p= < 0.01) (CHAPTER TWO). Somatic growth rates in Fowler's toad toadlets are also highly variable and are significantly inversely correlated with the density of adults (R² = 0.98, p = 0.010) (CHAPTER THREE). The single most important factor influencing average body size on a long time-scale is abundance (R² = 0.713, p = <0.001) (CHAPTER FOUR). Therefore, body size variation in these toads is likely related to density-dependent resource availability for growth in the terrestrial stage.
Pour des espèces ayant des cycles de vie complexes tels les amphibiens, la régulation de leur population peut se produire dans un ou plusieurs stades. Les effets de la densité au stage larvaire aquatique du cycle de vie de l'amphibien ont été largement documentés amenant plusieurs chercheurs à assumer que c'est à ce stage que la régulation de leur population se produit. Toutefois, des preuves récentes suggèrent que des facteurs affectant la survie et la reproduction au stage terrestre peuvent jouer un plus grand rôle dans la croissance et le déclin de la population des amphibiens contrairement à ce que l'on pensait auparavant. Je fais la revue de la preuve de la régulation de la population qui dépend de la densité au stage terrestre des amphibiens et j'argumente que la variation de la masse corporelle pourrait être un mécanisme important reliant la densité de la population aux changements du taux de croissance de la population (CHAPITRE UN). J'ai utilisé les données d'un relevé de la population sur une période de 23 ans à Long Point, Ontario et mené des relevés du taux de croissance durant l'été afin d'examiner la relation entre la dimension et la masse corporelle du crapaud de Fowler (Anaxyrus fowleri). Durant les 10 dernières années du relevé de la population à Long Point, nous avons remarqué une augmentation significative de la masse corporelle (R² = 0.874, p = <0.001) qui coïncidait avec une tendance négative de leur abondance détectée précédemment. La structure de l'âge de cette population est très instable, mais dans l'ensemble la moyenne d'âge est plus vieille (R² = 0.325, p= < 0.01) (CHAPITRE DEUX). Les taux de croissance somatiques des petits du crapaud de Fowler sont hautement variables et inversement corrélatifs à la densité des adultes (R² = 0.98, p = 0.010) (CHAPITRE TROIS). Le seul facteur d'importance qui influence la dimension corporelle moyenne sur une longue période c'est l'abondance (R² = 0.713, p = <0.001) (CHAPITRE QUATRE). Ainsi, la variation de la dimension corporelle de ces crapauds est vraisemblablement reliée à la croissance somatique laquelle dépend de la densité au stage terrestre.
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Gallipeau, Sherrie. "Altered Reproductive Function and Amphibian Declines." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640434.

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Agrochemical exposure is one of the factors that contributes to worldwide amphibian declines. Most studies that examine agrochemicals and amphibian declines focus on toxicity. However, declines are more likely caused by the sub-lethal effects of agrochemical exposure. Past emphases on the lethal effects of agrochemical exposure have overshadowed the contribution of decreased recruitment in amphibian declines. Additionally, studies that examine agrochemicals and reproductive function tend to focus on the effects of single chemical exposures instead of the effects of ecologically relevant mixtures. To address these issues, this dissertation examined the effects of ecologically relevant agrochemical exposures on the stress response and the reproductive endocrinology, morphology, and behaviors of male amphibians in the laboratory and the wild.

Chapter 1 provides a general review of the factors implicated in amphibian declines and provides an overview of the previous research conducted on the effects of agrochemical exposure on recruitment.

Chapter 2 is a field study that examined whether agricultural run-off alters the stress response and reproductive function of male bullfrogs ( Lithobates catesbeianus). Bullfrogs were collected upstream and downstream of agricultural activity across three California river systems (Salinas, Sacramento and San Joaquin). Size, primary and secondary sex traits, sperm count, and corticosterone and testosterone levels were examined. Overall, bullfrogs living downstream of agricultural activity (i.e. exposure to agricultural run-off) were small and had elevated testosterone and corticosterone levels. In addition, downstream males from the Salinas and San Joaquin Rivers were also small in size and had elevated testosterone levels. However, only downstream males of the San Joaquin River had elevated corticosterone and exaggerated secondary sex traits. Together, these data suggest that living downstream of agriculture can alter size, hormone levels, and the expression of sexually dimorphic sex traits. Such changes to the reproductive endocrinology and morphology of male amphibians can be detrimental to the reproductive health and long-term reproductive success of amphibian populations.

In Chapter 3, I examined corticosterone, testosterone, and the reproductive clasping behaviors of adult male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) exposed to field collected and simulated agricultural run-off. This experiment implemented a novel eco-relevant experimental design to mimic real-life agrochemical exposures. Male frogs were exposed to field water collected downstream (agricultural run-off) and upstream (negative control) of agricultural activity along the Salinas River, CA. In addition, a pesticide mixture containing the top agrochemicals used in the Monterey County was included to simulate agricultural run-off. Mating behavior was suppressed in males exposed to simulated agricultural run-off but enhanced in males exposed to field collected agricultural run-off. In addition, testosterone levels of clasping males were elevated in comparison to controls. Males immersed in simulated agricultural run-off had significantly lower testosterone levels than control males in 2010. These data suggest that agrochemical exposure (both field collected and simulated) can alter reproductive hormones and clasping behaviors. Altered sex hormones and behaviors in male amphibians may play a role in amphibian declines.

Lastly, this dissertation is summarized in Chapter 4. The applicability of this dissertation as a model for amphibian declines and other reproductive related human health concerns are also introduced.

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Gibson, Jennifer C. W. "The effects of methylmercury ingestion on amphibian tadpoles." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27137.

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Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxic heavy metal and a health threat to wildlife and humans, however nothing is known about its effects on amphibians. MeHg is produced from inorganic Hg in the aquatic environment, and bioaccumulates in the food chain. This exposes tadpoles to elevated levels of MeHg in their diet, and may pose a risk to development. Tadpoles of the North American species Bufo americanus and Rana pipiens as well as the African frog model species Xenopus tropicalis were subchronically exposed to dietary McHg ranging in concentration from 1ng/g to 1000 ng/g to determine LC50s and species sensitivity differences. A developmental differences study was also performed with B. americanus. The 33-day LC50 estimates indicate that Gosner stage 25 tadpoles of both B. americanus and R. pipiens were the most sensitive, and they exhibited a similar sensitivity to McHg toxicity. The X. tropicales LC50 estimate is significantly higher (p=0.05) than those calculated for B. americanus and R. pipiens Gosner stage 25, and the developmentally advanced B. americanus Gosner stage 27-30 LC50 estimate is also significantly higher (p=0.05) than the B. americanus Gosner stage 25 LC50. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Talley, Brooke Lee. "Host-Pathogen Ecology: Effects of Species Ecology and Environmental Factors on the Intensity and Distribution of Disease Among Illinois Amphibians." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/855.

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The worldwide decline of amphibians is due to several interacting factors that vary in their involvement and severity according to species, geography, environment, and individual response (Wake and Vredenburg 2008; Gahl et al. 2011). One of those threats has caused population declines globally (Stuart et al. 2004), Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which is the fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians (Berger et al. 1998; Longcore et al. 1999). Bd's effects are not completely known since some areas of the world have been studied (e.g., Panama, Lips et al. 2006; United States Sierra Nevada, Briggs et al. 2010; Australia, Phillott et al. 2013) while other areas have received little or no attention, often because these systems appear stable or because the effect of threats are not known. In the Midwestern United States, widespread anuran population declines occurred historically and are in some cases ongoing (e.g., Vogt 1981, Oldfield and Moriarty 1995, Brodman and Kilmurry 1998, Casper 1998, Hay 1998, Moriarty 1998, Mossman et al. 1998, Varhegyi et al. 1998, Steiner and Lehtinen 2008, Zippel and Tabaka 2008). Large-scale habitat alterations, chemical contaminations, and other threats have likely caused some Midwestern U.S. amphibian declines (Lannoo, 1998), but the role of Bd in historic and current population declines has been limited to small population surveys or incidental discovery of Bd (e.g., Pessier et al. 1999; Beasley et al. 2005; Steiner and Lehtinen 2008). I investigated the current and historic Bd infection levels among amphibians in Illinois and identified species risk factors associated with likelihood of chytridiomycosis-related death. My research questions focused on which biotic and abiotic factors explained Bd prevalence and intensities among current populations, which species risk factors would make them more likely to suffer severe Bd infection, and what the historic Bd status was in Illinois. Working with Illinois amphibians presented the opportunity to answer these research questions because Bd was already known to occur in Illinois (Pessier et al. 1999), there were a variety of anecdotal examples of historic population declines in Illinois (Beasley et al. 2005; Lannoo 1998), and extensive museum holdings were available to document the spatial and temporal pattern of Bd among Illinois populations. In the chytridiomycosis-amphibian disease system, mortality is driven by intensity of infection. Intensity is affected by many factors, including environmental temperatures, amphibian community composition, and fungal traits. However, the relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors on Bd prevalence and intensity in multispecies, natural communities is unknown for any wild populations. In 2008-2009, I conducted one of the first large-scale strategic surveys of both current and historic presence of Bd. I sampled 4,691 Illinois amphibians from current and historic populations to provide a framework of historic Bd infection and current status, and used those results to identify at-risk populations based on natural history and species risk factors. I tested 2,804 amphibians from 12 species for Bd, and determined that Bd was present in all sites, wetlands, and in all species in both years. Statewide prevalence was relatively high (2008 &mu = 34%; 2009 &mu = 55%), as was average individual infection intensity (2008 &mu = 1,773 Zswab; 2009 &mu = 2,159 Zswab). Wetland water temperature best explained Bd prevalence, but several biological factors explained intensity. Higher Bd intensities were correlated with species richness and indicated an amplification effect (Ostfeld and Keesing 2012). Hylid treefrogs may be amplifying species because they had the highest infection intensities and their presence was correlated with increased infection in other taxa. Bd can cause declines and extinctions in amphibian populations (Stuart et al. 2004), but other threats may also be involved (Collins and Storfer 2003). In Illinois, amphibian populations may be threatened by a variety of assaults including disease, habitat loss, chemical contaminants, and invasive species (Lannoo 1998). Management for biodiversity typically focuses on identifying and mitigating threats and prioritizing species susceptibility by identifying risk factors. I proposed to study whether species risk factors for Bd also signal general susceptibility to other threats (e.g., Lips et al. 2003; Bielby et al. 2008; Cooper et al. 2008) in Illinois amphibians. I identified nine potential risk factors for each of 21 Illinois species form the literature, and compared association of those traits with disease intensity. I used Bd intensity data from 1,445 Bd-positive amphibians collected 2008-2010. As in Chapter 2, I found that both biological and environmental factors explained disease intensity at the species levels: air temperature during the breeding season was the best predictor of infection intensity with three species biological traits also contributing (i.e., longevity, clutch size, and aquatic index). Conservation status did not explain Bd intensities, likely because conservation status is based upon rarity, population trends, and presence of threats, but which does not always include Bd susceptibility. Since most of the study species were common prior to my disease survey with relatively stable populations with no prior Bd threat, the conservation statuses used in this analysis did not predict Bd risk. Now that I have shown Bd to be widespread and at high intensities in the state, a reassessment of data included in the species status would be timely and might be warranted. I found that Bd was geographically and taxonomically widespread in Illinois, which suggested an established infection status, perhaps longer than the first report from the 1990s (Pessier et al. 1999). Also, this suggests that population declines from chytridiomycosis might have occurred historically. I used museum holdings to determine spatial and temporal distributions of Bd in Illinois amphibians. I tested 1,008 museum specimens from the vertebrate collections at Southern Illinois University, Illinois Natural History Survey, and the University of Illinois Museum of Natural History to determine the oldest date of anuran Bd infection in Illinois. I detected 110 Bd positive specimens (10.7%, CI: 9.0-12.8%) in four species collected during the 1890s-1980s. The earliest Bd record was from a Lithobates sphenocephalus collected in southern Illinois in 1900. I determined that Illinois amphibians have been living endemically with Bd for at least 113 years, extending the date of the oldest U.S. record of Bd infection by 61 years. The long-term presence of Bd, coupled with multiple anecdotal reports of population declines, suggest that Bd may have been involved in historic population declines in Illinois amphibians. I found widespread taxonomic and geographic distribution of Bd among current and historic populations of Illinois amphibians. I found a surprisingly long history of Bd in Illinois that transforms the way we consider impacts on historic species and potential co-evolution of disease in Midwestern U.S. amphibians. My finding is as old as the oldest records from Brazil, Africa, and Asia (Weldon et al. 2004; Goka et al. 2009; Schloegel et al. 2010, 2012), suggesting a more ancient history of Bd and amphibians.
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Radik, Gabrielle A. "Assessing Risks of Amphibian Declines using Multiple Stressors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1244474946.

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Books on the topic "Amphibian ecology"

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Bull, Evelyn L. Ecology of the Columbia spotted frog in northeastern Oregon. [Portland, OR]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005.

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Cooper, Stephen V. Inventory of plants, plant communities and herpetofauna of concern in the vicinity of the Snow-Talon burn, Helena National Forest. Helena, Mont: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2005.

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Scoccianti, Carlo. Amphibia, aspetti di ecologia della conservazione: Amphibia, aspects of conservation ecology. Firenze: Guido Persichino grafica, 2001.

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Ecology and conservation of amphibians. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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Hairston, Nelson G. Community ecology and salamander guilds. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Parmelee, Jeffrey R. Trophic ecology of a tropical anuran assemblage. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, 1999.

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Ecophysiology of amphibians inhabiting xeric environments. Berlin ;New York: Springer, 1997.

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Warburg, M. R. Ecophysiology of amphibians inhabiting xeric environments. New York: Springer, 1997.

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Community ecology and salamander guilds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Reptiles and amphibians of the southern pine woods. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Amphibian ecology"

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Clauzel, Céline. "Evaluating and Mitigating the Impact of a High-Speed Railway on Connectivity: A Case Study with an Amphibian Species in France." In Railway Ecology, 215–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57496-7_13.

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Funk, W. Chris, Kelly R. Zamudio, and Andrew J. Crawford. "Advancing Understanding of Amphibian Evolution, Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation with Massively Parallel Sequencing." In Population Genomics, 211–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/13836_2018_61.

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Mason, Robert T., Douglas P. Chivers, Alicia Mathis, and Andrew R. Blaustein. "Bioassay Methods for Amphibians and Reptiles." In Methods in Chemical Ecology Volume 2, 271–325. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5411-0_6.

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Waldman, Bruce. "Chemical Ecology of Kin Recognition in Anuran Amphibians." In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 4, 225–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2235-1_18.

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Garda, Adrian Antonio, Mariana Garcez Stein, Ricardo Bonfim Machado, Marília Bruzzi Lion, Flora Acuña Juncá, and Marcelo Felgueiras Napoli. "Ecology, Biogeography, and Conservation of Amphibians of the Caatinga." In Caatinga, 133–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68339-3_5.

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Chinchar, V. Gregory, Jacques Robert, and Andrew T. Storfer. "Ecology of Viruses Infecting Ectothermic Vertebrates-The Impact of Ranavirus Infections on Amphibians." In Studies in Viral Ecology, 231–59. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118025710.ch9.

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Husain, Akhlaq. "Amphibians of Doon Valley (Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) with Their Systematics, Distribution, Ecology, Conservation Status and Threats." In Aquatic Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation, 217–29. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2178-4_13.

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Naugle, David E., Kenneth F. Higgins, Rex R. Johnson, Tate D. Fischer, and Frank R. Quamen. "Landscape Ecology." In Amphibian Declines, 185–92. University of California Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520235922.003.0026.

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"26. Landscape Ecology." In Amphibian Declines, 185–92. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520929432-030.

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Navas, Carlos, Fernando Gomes, and Eleonora De Domenico. "Physiological ecology and conservation of anuran amphibians." In Amphibian and Reptile Adaptations to the Environment, 155–88. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b20420-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Amphibian ecology"

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Truchla, Mariana. "THE OCCURRENCE OF AMPHIBIANS AT SELECTED MINING SUBSIDENCE RESERVOIRS OF UPPER SILESIA." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b52/s20.100.

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Marushchak, Oleksii, Volodymyr Tytar, Oksana Nekrasova, Mihails Pupins, Arturs Skute, Andris Ceirans, and Iryna Kozynenko. "Identifying Environmental Refuges ("Coldspots") from Infection by Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis of Amphibians in Eastern Europe." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09505.

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Tsianou, Mariana, Maria Lazarina, Aristi Andrikou-Charitidou, Danai-Eleni Michailidou, and Athanasios Kallimanis. "The effect of climate and human pressures on functional diversity and species richness patterns of amphibians, reptiles and mammals in Europe<sup>†</sup>." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09464.

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