Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Amplification sociale du risque'
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Bassene, Théophile. "Risque d'insécurité alimentaire et crises : Impacts du commerce, du régime alimentaire et de l'amplification sociale du risque." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARE052/document.
Full textThe beginning of the 21st century is marked by two episodes of global food price spikes in 2007-08 and 2010-11, respectively. These price increases have worsened the level of food insecurity in many developing countries and have led to social unrest in some countries. Identifying the factors that contribute to increase the risk of food insecurity and understand the mechanisms that underpin the outbreak of a food crisis could help to improve food policy management.This thesis contributes to this objective. Chapter 2 estimates the different components of food supply variability by using disaggregated data of food balance sheets. Our results suggest that more than half of food supply variability is caused by country-specific shocks. Global shocks account for about 1% of the total variability.Chapter 3 shows that the impact of international trade on food supply variability depends on the country's portfolio of trade agreements. Chapter 4 uses the theoretical framework of bank panics and builds on work on perceived risk and cognitive biases to model consumer food purchasing behavior under uncertainty. We show how social amplification of risk can lead to precautionary storage and in fine self-fulfilling food crisis. We also highlight the social utility of reliable public information. Finally, Chapter 5 examines the impact of dietary composition on the probability of occurrence of social unrest in case of soaring world food prices. Our results suggest that the cereal concentration of the diet increases significantly the probability of social unrest
Sandwidi, Blaise. "Responsabilité sociale et risque financier de l'entreprise." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0061.
Full textThis dissertation examines the relations between Corporate Social Responsibility and financial risk, with a particular focus on their interactions. It proposes a conceptual scheme of these relations and 4 empirical studies. The first study examines the relation between the corporate social performance, measured by Vigeo scores, and the financial risk of 554 companies pertaining to the Stoxx Europe 600 Index, from 2004-2011. It shows that companies with higher corporate responsibility have lower specific and total risks, and lower volatility of return on assets (Roa), particularly in human resources. The relation is positive and strong when we consider the investments' beta and the analysts' forecasts dispersion. The second study examines the reaction of the European stock market to CSR alerts. It examines the alerts' informational contribution compared to the public announce¬ments of the triggering events. Based on a sample of 480 alerts released by Vigeo over the period 2004-2011, we find a positive stock market reaction to the first alert for the affected company. The alert reduces the information asymmetry between managers and investors. It limits the investors' estimation risk and thus their uncertainty. Environmental alerts are a specific case, as they affect negatively the stock prices. The third study tests and confirms the risk management theory: when a CSR risk occurs (referenced by Vigeo), higher CSR performers have lower abnormal returns and lower abnormal trading volumes. The fourth study examines the interaction between financial risk and CSR commitment. It goes beyond Europe by considering 23,194 Asset4 scores related to 3,787 companies in 67 countries. It shows that prior aggregate ESG scores are associated with reduced subsequent specific and total risks and Roa volatility, thus confirming that high ESG performers have lower financial risk. CSR performances are positively associated with the risk if we consider the investments' beta and the analysts' forecasts dispersion. The study evidences a virtuous cycle between financial risk and ESG performance. Social and governance performances contribute more significantly to reduce this risk. Prior low financial risks incite firms to invest in CSR, first in environmental and governance, then in social policies or activities.Keywords: Financial risk, corporate social responsibility, corporate social performance, corporate social responsibility risk, interaction
Rodionova, Natalia. "La perception sociale du risque sociétal en Russie actuelle." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H063.
Full textThe present study examined recent data on societal risk perception gathered from several russian samples. We try to highlight the activities, the substances and the technologies perceived by russians as "risky" ; which phenomena of the social life or social event they distingushed, defined, or saw as "risk". The sample consisted of 800 Russian people all volounteers with 400 of them living in Moscow. The second part of the sample, 400 people are from Tula, province city distant 300 km from Moscow. Consequently the current survey has studied recent data on risk perception gathered through several Russian samples. We also checked the age, gender and background of the participants. The working hypotheses were that (a) risk perception among the Russians tends to be similar to Westerner's risk perception, (b) the change in risk perception from 1990 to present day should be of the same magnitude among people living in Moscow and mong people living in distant parts of the country, (c) systematic gender differences should be present, with in general women assessing the risk higher than men, and thes e difference should be more accentuated in the distant provinces than in Moiscow, and (d) systematic educational differences should be present, with people trained in technical fields perceiving higher societal risks than people with training in humanities, and these differences should be more noticeable among younger people than among the elderly. These working hypothese were supported by the data. In addition, risk judgements showed a 10-dimension structure that was highly reminescent of factors already found in previous studies conducted in Europe. However, two new factors emerged as specific to the present day Russia : Ostensible wealth and Foreign influence. The present survey has delivered some accurate and interesting data to analyze. In one hand, regarding the societal risk perception, the concerns of Russians tend to become similar to those of western countries. In the other hand we noticed a strong quantity of entry level items which reflect the large social poverty
Riot, Cédric. "Le risque social." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10035.
Full textCales, Emmanuelle. "Théorie de l'assurance sociale en univers multirisque." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0008.
Full textMayer, Julie. "DE L’ATTENTION AU RISQUE : une perspective attentionnelle de la construction sociale du risque par les organisations." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED059.
Full textThis study addresses organizations’ ability to manage their attention to risks, in an increasingly complex and uncertain environment. Risks, regardless their nature, can be ambiguous or even unthinkable: thus, delimiting where, when and how to allocate attention remains a challenge. Through their structures, organizations attempt to manage this attention as a scarce resource: to which extent can organizations manage their attention to risks? We answer this question by mobilizing theories that consider risk as an object socially constructed by organizations. We mobilize the Attention-Based View to explore the ambiguous role of attention (i.e. the allocation of time and efforts to environment’s objects) in risk construction.This study relies on the analysis of practices in twelve organizations from various sectors, through sixty interviews with risk managers, top managers and middle managers. We describe risk construction as an “art of photographing”, through the succession of attentional mechanisms. We show that as an “object”, risk is a way to express the artificial reconstitution of a reality, but also organizations’ intention or capacity to act toward their environment. As a “structure”, risk reflects a particular way of thinking and organizing, which drives organizational attention in daily practices. Finally, we highlight risk’s “unexpected” effects on attention: paradoxically, risk can both amplify and neutralize attention. Those results invite to consider risk management, theoretically as in practice, as an art of composing with the necessary subjectivity of actors
Lemoine, Jérémy. "Jeu de hasard : prise de risque, représentation sociale et addiction." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML005.
Full textDecision-making, as well as addiction, are influence by a combination of three sets of factors: the situation, the object and individual differences (Appelt, Milch, Handgraaf, & Weber, 2011; Bonnaire, 2009; Einhorn, 1970; Griffiths, 2003). Each of these factors corresponds to a chapter of this thesis. In Chapter 1, the influence of the situation is investigated through the effect of Social Context. The influence of the Social Context is studied through, the Mere Presence of an Audience and through the presence of a Competitive Climate. In Chapter 2, the influence of the object is investigated through the effect of the knowledge of the object: risk-taking behavior is studied when participants are confronted to a known game and when they are confronted to an unknown game. In Chapter 3, the influence of individual differences is investigated through the effect of Self-Esteem on risk-taking behaviors. Two measures of Self-Esteem are used: the first one is a general measure of Self-Esteem while the second one is composed of two dimensions distinguishing Self-Liking and Self-Competence. The Social Representation Theory describes a relation between Social Representation and behavior. In this line, Chapter 4 investigates the Social Representation of risk in a gambling context with two studies. The first study is done via free association tasks and the second study is based on interviews with both gamblers who have gambling disorders and gamblers who do not have gambling disorder
Lohéac, Youenn. "Analyses microéconomiques des comportements à risque." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010024.
Full textLemoine, Emmanuelle. "La répression de l'indifférence sociale en droit pénal français /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38906169q.
Full textLopez-Vazquez, Esperanza. "Perception du risque, stress et stratégies d'ajustement des sujets en situation de risque de catastrophe naturelle ou industrielle : approche d'une psychologie sociale du risque." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20097.
Full textLas catástrofes naturales y tecnológicas preocupan nuestras sociedades en todos los niveles (económico, político, social, psicológico) pues éstas son generadoras de perturbaciones capaces de dañar a poblaciones en grande escala. Nuestra investigación, tomando en cuenta diferentes teorías psicosociales y de otras disciplinas cercanas, se fundamenta en el estudio de las consecuencias psicológicas de la exposición a riesgos mayores de poblaciones que han vivido la experiencia de una catástrofe. Es el caso de los habitantes de San Juan Ixhuatepec y de la ciudad de México quienes han conocido un desastre industrial o natural (terremoto) respectivamente. Frente a estas situaciones extremas potencialmente generadoras de estrés, el sujeto debe establecer mecanismos que le permitirán defenderse contra la agresión física y psicológica experimentada. Diferentes estrategias de ajuste pueden ser utilizadas con este fin y el intercambio sujeto-entorno se establecerá siempre de manera dinámica. Se trata de un proceso complejo en el cual las evaluaciones del sujeto intervendrán en el desarrollo de las respuestas de estrés. Estas reacciones no se generarán únicamente en función del agente agresor, otros procesos complejos, tales como la percepción de riesgos, van a intervenir. Suponemos la existencia de una variabilidad entre nuestras dos poblaciones sometidas a dos riesgos extremos diferentes con respecto al nivel de estrés desarrollado y el tipo de estrategias de ajuste utilizadas. La percepción de riesgo, considerando las particularidades de los dos grupos será igualmente diferente, ésta influenciará las respuestas de estrés y de afrontamiento (coping). Los 206 sujetos que hemos entrevistado respondieron a dos escalas: una de coping adaptada (Escala Tolosana de coping) y una de estrés (Escala Tolosana de estrés), además de un cuestionario sobre la percepción de riesgos. Nuestros resultados confirman nuestra hipótesis de variabilidad entre los procesos que se ponen en juego en las reacciones de los sujetos. La relación estrés-estrategias pasivas se distingue en todos nuestros resultados e impide en general la anticipación de los hechos y el afrontamiento directo. El modelo de la percepción de riesgo que proponemos nos permite darnos cuenta de la influencia de las evaluaciones de esta percepción en las respuestas dadas frente el peligro. Estos resultados merecerían investigaciones complementarias que puedan aportar elementos de reflexión para la realización de proyectos sociales de prevención, de tratamiento de riesgos del medio ambiente y des riesgos psicológicos
Natural and technological catastrophes worry our societies in all levels (economical, political, social, psychological) because of disturbances concerning populations in a big scale they generates. Our research taking in account psycho-sociological theories and some others ones in closer disciplines, studies the psychological consequences of people exposed to majors risks in populations who have already lived a catastrophe situation. That is the case of San Juan Ixhuatepec and Mexico City who have experienced an industrial and a natural (earthquake) disaster. Facing these extreme situations that potentially generate stress reactions, individuals have to use defensive mechanisms against physical and psychological aggression. Different coping strategies can be used in this goal and individuals-environmental exchanges will be always dynamic. We are talking about a complex process where evaluations take part in the development of stress responses. Nevertheless these reactions are not only in function of the aggression agent, other complex processes, like risk perception, will take part. We suppose variability between our two populations exposed to two different extreme risks concerning the stress level developed and the coping strategies used. Risk perception, considering two groups particularities, is different and it will influence stress and coping responses. The 206 persons we interviewed answered to two scales (Coping scale of Toulouse adapted and Stress scale of Toulouse) and a risk perception questionnaire. Our results confirm our hypothesis of variability in process of individuals' responses. The relationship of stress-passive strategies outstanding in most of our results obstructs in general anticipation of facts and direct coping. Risk perception model we propose influences evaluations of this perception in responses to danger. Those results deserve to be continued in complementary researches that can be able to participate in prevention social projects and in treatment of environment risks and psychological risks
Lopez, Pelaez Juanita. "La construction sociale du risque à Medellin (Colombie) : gouvernance locale et représentations." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0071.
Full textThis work analyses the process of social construction of risk in Medellin. Since the middle of the 20th century "natural" disaster due to landslides, floods and flashfloods has caused over 1,000 deaths, affecting over 50,000 people and destroying over 5,000 homes. Although the city itself has been marked by a great catastrophe, understood in its classic sense, such as Villatina in 1987, disasters are mostly "small disasters" that affect the daily lives of informal settlement inhabitants. Nevertheless, their accumulated "major effects" in time and space have historically been brushed aside by the affected people themselves as well as by local authorities. The pattern of disasters shows the way in which social segmentations have taken place resulting in particular from a heterogeneous distribution of public utilities, leading to the accelerated degradation of a geographically constraining site. This context is common to other Andean cities as well as, in general, to aIl developing cities. The main interest of this case study is that a lot of resources have been invested in the last three decades in attempting to assess and manage risk. Medellin is also the city where different urban risks at various levels coexist, particularly in regard to the Colombian political conflict, making risk assessment more difficult. Through a large field research, this study looks at the relationships that exist between public policies, actions and social representations of risk and disasters. The dissertation is organized in three main parts: first accumulated effects of disasters are analyzed from a historical point of view and in relation to the underlying causes of "vulnerability as well as the roots of the public debate about risk. Secondly, it analyses the main strategies of risk reduction that have been applied. Finally, it analyses the contradictions between risk governance and disaster response and the difficulties of achieving risk governance from a bottom-up perspective. Instead of being a framework allowing us to understand the complexity of elements that compose risk and to move towards a sustainable urban development, this work brought us to the conclusion that local public risk management policies have been used mainly as a tool to constrain informal urban development. As a consequence, this fragmented vision has inhibited the improvement of a more holistic and multi-hazard approach concerning the conurbation as a whole and, in the other hand, it has aggravated the risk conditions of the most vulnerable groups of the population
Vilain-Carlotti, Pauline. "Perceptions et représentations du risque d'incendie de forêt en territoires méditerranéens : la construction socio-spatiale du risque en Corse et en Sardaigne." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080049/document.
Full textFire is not only a trivial phenomenon, it has also been used as a tool to shape space and landscapes. Thus, considering the perceptions and representations of the risk of forest fire would imply examining the relationship between men and their environment. It would then be possible to report on the way people think, live, see and understand their environment. What if the risk of fire was only pretence to impose a definite project regarding the territory? This critical approach is designed to understand how material and immaterial dimensions are defined on inhabited areas. The focus is shifted from ensuring a better protection against the risk, to deciphering the stakes that lay in the evolving perception of the fire: from simple phenomenon, to risk. This leads to questioning the ontological status of the risk, and to examine it under a new light, as an instrument in the socio-spatial construction. The forest is overgrowing due to inadequate maintenance, which causes landscape closure. In turn, these changes generate vulnerable space structures and a new image of the environment. It seems that the problem is not really fire, but rather the Mediterranean Forest as a resource to be preserved. Protecting the forest means taking possession of the territories. In what way is this forest an asset? It is perceived as a ‘paradise lost’, which should be regained. Also, it is mainly a wealth to be preserved, adding value to real estate and property
Fortier, Roxanne. "Lien entre le risque de décrochage scolaire et le climat de la classe au secondaire." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2005.
Find full textLemoine, Emmanuelle. "La repression de l'indifference sociale en droit penal francais." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10404.
Full textLaurent, Olivier. "Monoparentalite et risque de pauvrete aux etats-unis : une representation sociale de la pauvrete." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN1252.
Full textIn the united states, social representations are deep-rooted in the culture. Social policies are typical of the value breed by this representation. These social policies also relieve the nature of the treatment reserved to single mothers. The first part of this doctoral thesis analyses the representation of poverty. The second one focuses on the treatment of poverty. The third one takes interest in the process of feminisation of poverty and, finally, the last part describes the assistance that families with dependent children receives
Terrade, Florence. "Impression subjective de posséder des connaissances et traitement défensif d'un message sur le risque." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100044.
Full textWhen people are exposed to a risk message, they exhibit a biased systematic processing of the message. Following research in persuasion, personal relevance or prior knowledge moderate this effect. Subjective experience of having knowledge was hypothesized to be a sufficient condition to moderate a biased systematic processing. Subjective experience was manipulated by low vs. High difficulty of a questionnaire about risk (5 experiments) and by ease of retrieval (2 experiments). Assessment of knowledge was about AIDS and messages were about AIDS, Hepatitis B and multiple Sclerosis. When people experiment success (low difficulty condition), they process less defensively the message arguments (though listing task). When they experiment a lack of knowledge (high difficulty condition), they process more defensively and underestimate their personal risk
Bernier, Sandrine Charlotte. "Perceptions des risques industriels et nucléaires : enjeux, négociations et construction sociale des seuils d'acception des risques." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2030.
Full textIn this thesis we will question the perceptions of industrial risks in the occidental world at the beginning of the 21st century. For this purpose we will try to understand how concepts such a sustainable development, precautionary principle or zero-risk bias have progressively developed around a thought model based on the scientific rationality. This model is now undermined by its incapacity to fully address the issues it raises and completely avoid the potential risks. However, despite consistent weaknesses, it remains a reference value moulded by past accidents which have led to the making of laws aiming mainly at defining liability and protecting those who are held liable. Thus, public information becomes a requirement for democracy and the protection of this thought model. Differents lobbies that constantly redefine the limits of risk acceptance. We come to the realization that our value system remain unchallenged even though undergoing a crisis
Bennia, Fatiha. "Le risque cardiovasculaire : l'environnement de diffusion des facteurs de risque modifiables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5060/document.
Full textHealth is a dynamic and multifactor construction which has both an individual and a social dimension. The latter may have a direct or indirect effect on the behaviour of individuals and their life choices. The Framingham study has revealed that cardiovascular risk is multifactorial and, as such, its estimate should be global. However, the assessment of global cardiovascular risk methods do not take into account the living environment of individuals, which would factor the development of modifiable risk factors. Through this work, we highlight the characteristics of the environment of dissemination of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors: metabolic and behavioural. Since decades, the North region of France has, for cardiovascular diseases, a high level of global and premature mortality. We are asked about the determinants of the situation of this region, by comparing it to other French regions and by exploring the link between a high cardiovascular risk and an unfavourable economic situation. Thus, we are interested in the link between the distribution of cardiovascular risk and the distribution of income, using normative criteria based on the concept of expected social dominance in terms of poverty. Shedding a light on factors favouring the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and analyzing the knowledge about the individual’s life environment allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of diffusion of the modifiable risk factors, with a double objective to lower the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and to reduce the social inequalities in health
Roy, Jean-François. "L'amplification sociale du risque: Les changements climatiques dans la presse écrite au Canada, 1990--2004." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27026.
Full textBriones, Gamboa Fernando. "LA CONSTRUCTION SOCIALE DU RISQUE :L'ISTHME DE TEHUANTEPEC FACE AU PHENOMENE CLIMATIQUE "EL NIÑO" [OAXACA, MEXIQUE]." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264789.
Full textDans l'isthme de Tehuantepec [Oaxaca, Mexique], région multiethnique dominée par les Zapotèques, le phénomène climatique El Niño change les schémas normaux des pluies et sécheresses. Les catastrophes, des inondations petites mais récurrentes, sont davantage liées aux conditions de vulnérabilité sociale plutôt qu'à l'intensité des phénomènes météorologiques.
La construction sociale du risque est analysée à travers des conflits politiques, des réactions contre les plans de développement de ces dernières décennies, ce qui a stimulé l'industrialisation et la fragmentation des villes : Juchitán, Tehuantepec et Salina Cruz. Les zones de risque d'inondations ont été urbanisées dans le cadre de tensions politiques et de manœuvres clientélistes telles que des invasions et des distributions de terres.
D'autre part, dans la même région, quelques communautés rurales de l'ethnie huave ont des connaissances climatiques intégrées à leur organisation sociale à travers des pratiques chamaniques et un calendrier religieux où le temps occupe un rôle central, ce qui offre un ajustement minimal aux aléas. Ainsi, les impacts sont différenciés entre les villes et les villages non par l'exposition physique, sinon par la vulnérabilité sociale et des activités productives qui déterminent les représentations du risque, donc des actions face aux catastrophes dites naturelles.
Briones, Gamboa Fernando. "La construction sociale du risque : l'isthme de Tehuantepec face au phénomène climatique "El Niño" [Oaxaca, Mexique]." Paris, EHESS, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264789.
Full textThe social construction of risk is the process of the increase of vulnerability that makes society susceptible to suffer damages. We analyse natural hazards, social stakes and risk representation. In the Isthmus of Tehuantepec [Oaxaca, Mexique], El Niño phenomenon changes to the normal rain patterns but disasters are related to social vulnerability than to the intensity of the climatic events. We analysed the answers against the developmant plans, which motivated the city's industrialization and fragmentation of cities, urbanized under political tension. In the same region, rural communities of Huave ethnic group has climatic knowledge integrated to the social organization through shamanic practices and a religious calendar- Thus, climatic impacts are different between cities and towns not just by their physical exposition, but by the social vulnerability and the productive activities that determine the representation of the risk
Quenet, Grégory. "Les tremblements de terre en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : une histoire sociale du risque." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010630.
Full textSteyer, Véronique. "Les processus de sensemaking en situation d’alerte, entre construction sociale du risque et relations d’accountability : le cas des entreprises françaises face à la pandémie grippale de 2009." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100200.
Full textIn our societies, the idea has emerged that a well-governed organization has to ensure its organizational resilience and get prepared to extreme events. Yet, existing literature on sensemaking processes in risk and crisis situations highlights the negative side of organizational preparation to a specific risk: in alert situations, i. E. When signals are detected that an anticipated risk could soon occur, existing frames, material devices and social relations developed during risk preparation could lock action and cognition into a predetermined course of action. Tragic consequences could ensue: the misadjusted action could worsen the situation or, a contrario, lead to an oversized mobilization. To understand better the impact of risk preparation on organizational action in an alert situation, we carried out two case studies about the reaction of French firms to the pandemic influenza outbreak in 2009. One of them explores the reactions of a community of practice composed of Business Continuity Managers and the other one investigates the reaction of the Health Safety Environment department in a large business group. We show that sensemaking in alert situations is shaped by the dynamics of interactions between elements stemming from the social construction of the risk but also by the social relationships in which the actors are inscribed, more specifically by their accountability obligations. In this way, we contributed to debates about the effects of organizational risk preparation by suggesting a conceptualization of the alert situation, and to sensemaking theory by exploring the social aspect of this process, particularly the impacts of accountability relationships
Ernst-Vintila, Andreea. "Dynamique de la représentation sociale d'un risque collectif et engagement dans les conduites de réduction du risque : le rôle des pratiques, de l'implication et de la sociabilité." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H031.
Full textIndividuals who experienced earthquake build a more functional social representation of risk, and exhibit more negative emotions. This representation is more structured and enables higher recognition and use of a more diversified risk-related information especially for practical purposes (risk mitigation collective behaviour). Pending on risk-related practices, the same structural effects were found in individuals who are highly concerned with seismic risk (high personal implication). Furthermore, individuals who are the most likely to engage in collective risk mitigation behaviour are those who feel having a higher capacity to act towards risk and who are already members of associations. This research is based on experimental studies that were conducted within the structural approach to soacial representations. It identified general psychosocial processes in a specific case of collective risk. On a theoretical level, this research shows the effects of prior risk-related experience and of on the dynamics of social representations of risk. On a practical level, it recommends several strategies to encourage public engagement in risk mitigation behaviour
Plante-Jean, Marie-Andrée. "Facteurs prédictifs de la dépression chez les gens souffrant d'anxiété sociale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23655.
Full textJolonch, Anglada Anna. "Educateurs et enfance en risque : le regard, l'action et la réflexion dans les pratiques professionnelles." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081537.
Full textI began to ask questions when i became aware of a state of unease among social services teams in catalonia about the lack of definition of the role of the educator. The research materials are the result of my professional experience with educators. The first part of the thesis is connected with the transformations of society, the shattering of social unity and the proliferation of social problems (barel, castel). The epistemology of the research is permeated by the idea of an explosion of points of view and work on involvement as a means of production of knowledge (Ardoino, Canter Kohn, Devereux). Through an analysis of my research itinerary i show how that questioning has led me to change my point of view and shed any univocal vision. Through a way of thinking which revolves around a questioning of my way of looking at educators, i appropriate my place as practitioner-researcher and draw knowledge to create a device which invites educators themselves to call in question their way of looking at families in order to reappropriate their practice. The second part focuses on an analysis of the constitution in catalonia since the 80s of a social protection sector and the emergence of a representation of children at risk. We return to the educators and the institutionalisation of their function in the administration and professional qualification. The third part concentrates on an analysis of the materials (family dossiers, case histories, interviews, meetings and training sessions) which may clarify the way in which educators construct their categories in relation to the object and the profession and show that risk is a matter of relation and not of object. The point is not a definition of a model but the very possibility of educational action from positive globalising representations. Identity is still to be constructed, redefined and reinterpreted rather than given a priori
Schneider, Thierry. "Economie de l'assurance et prévention des risques professionnels." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090007.
Full textIn principle, the system of compensation for occupational accidents and diseases in france has two objectives : to insure that victims are compensated and to encourage management to implement preventive measures. Referring to insurance economics, employer tries to find the level of safety which minimize his costs. The optimal situation corresponds to the level of safety which equalizes marginal cost of prevention and marginal benefit due to the reduction of compensated risk. Because of the high frequency of occupational injuries on one hand, and fast decrease of injuries related to prevention measures on the other hand, this insurance system seems to promote prevention. The results of studies related to industrial noise leads to the same conclusions. As far as occupational cancers are concerned three problems are to be dealt with : long latency period, low frequency of events and non evidence on attributable risk factors. As a consequence, regulations laid down by publics authorities are necessary in that case to promote prevention policy. Since a few years, the workmens' compensation system is in a difficult financial position : it must take into account demographic modifications and the evolution of the productive system. Prospective analysis concerning the financing of the national fund in france is performed for various approaches of the employer's rate calculation (mutualization and capitalization) with the determination of the impact of the safety incentive mechanism
Sautkina, Elena. "Le vol à la tire : facteurs environnementaux et psychosociaux de l'interaction voleur - victime." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H065.
Full textThis research adopts a systemic approach of victim-pickpocket interaction (pickpocketing is a surreptitious theft of object from individual's pockets) The research was carried out in Paris and Moscow following the same methodology. The results show that pick-pocketing risk perception in situ by potential victims is based on their social representations and sereotypes of pickpocketing, as well as on those concerning places where these thefts occur. The pickpocket's choice of potential targets and places to commit this offence is founded on his/her representations of the victim's propitious behaviour, as well as the places favorable for the theft. The research highlights an opposition between two ways of knowing the same environement : in terms of interests, from the point of view of the pickpocket ; and in terms of risk control possibilities, from the point of view of the victim
Compernolle, Tiphaine. "Fonctionnement et efficacité du comité d’audit : une analyse des interactions entre les participants." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/handle/123456789/7369.
Full textThis research tries to understand audit committee’s working and effectiveness. It aims to open the audit committee black box by analyzing the interactions between participants. The approach is comprehensive, based on analysis of 59 interviews with attendees of 32 CAC 40 companies’ audit committees. Impression management is a central phenomenon in such committee’s meetings. The risk of losing face, which is not felt in the same way by the attendees depending on their status, is a central motivation for this phenomenon. Directors perceive a risk that their impressions are cynically managed. Then they have a double strategy of comforting themselves and of putting their partners at ease. Audit committee’s chairman is a central actor in this strategy. Interactions between attendees are the consequences of these strategic behaviours. Trust relationships could develop; they are the fruit of implicit negotiations. Audit committee’s effectiveness expresses itself by a reflexive social control: the actors who report to the committee criticize themselves. Risk leads them to self-discipline; Trust leads them to follow directors’ suggestions. In fact, audit committee’s working and effectiveness are understood as the results of implicit negotiations between participants during their interactions: between trust and risk, between transparency and opacity, between tact and power
Chabaud, Julie-Marie. "Action publique sociale, expertise et territoire : la caisse d'allocations familiales de la Gironde et l'anticipation du risque social." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40007.
Full textKoll, Peter. "Risque et naturalité. De la naissance de l'objet 'société' et la (dé-)subjectivation : une généalogie." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/156506394#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe object of the following text appears as a genealogy of risk. This appearance is conveyed first through a reading of the sociological meaning risk has taken, according to which risk concerns the very structure of modern society. Thus the genealogy we undertake will concern the birth of the object called 'society', which indeed appears firstly as a new type of objectivity. In order to grasp the meaning of this latter concept, understood as a discursive function, we propose to 'read' – in the texts of so-called classical sociology – "society" as a function on a (discursive) field of naturality. Based on this thesis an account is developed of the paradoxical nature of naturality, which paradox can be expressed as the 'internal outside of society'. This paradox will allow us to fully appreciate the genealogical meaning of risk, which will then appear as the dispositif that expresses and reinforces the paradox which is inherent to the nature of society
Côté, Mathieu. "Relation entre performance financière, niveau de risque et développement durable en contexte canadien." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5840.
Full textBou, Nader Raymond. "Modélisation du management des risques industriels et de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises : Cas des entreprises libanaises." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2001/document.
Full textThe aim of our thesis is to study the current practice of CSR in the context of the Lebanese industrial companies and to examine the relationship between CSR practices and risk management, using statistical techniques as inferential tests, factor analysis and multiple linear regression models. It is in the latter that the main contribution of this research has been made. This research has made it possible to perceive CSR as more than just a marketing and public relations tool but also a real tool influencing risk in companies. Our research broadens the knowledge base in this field in the Lebanese context, focusing on the management and practices of the company in terms of risk management, in order to better manage the social, environmental, and community based activities by CSR. The results of this study will enable researchers to create a stronger theoretical and empirical basis on which future research on the subject of CSR and risk management through CSR can be developed
Delouette, Ilona. "Une analyse d’économie institutionnaliste du financement de la prise en charge de la dépendance : D’un risque social à un risque positif." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1A002.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the funding of care for elderly dependent persons in France. “Dependency” was not considered as a specific social protection issue until the Arreckz report (1979) in which emerges the idea of creating a 5th social security risk. However, care has always been the subject of overlapping schemes designed independently of social security. These schemes have always proved insufficient to cover social needs. We carry out an institutionalist political economy analysis rooted in the Régulation Theory, and more specifically in B. Théret's approach of national systems of social protection. The care of dependency is understood as a sub-system of social protection, i.e. as a means of reproduction of the economic, political, and domestic spheres which are supported by a shared symbolism. In order to understand the evolutions of the dependency’s funding system, we study the changes of this symbolism and the power relations that influence it. Within this symbolism we are specifically interested in the increasing use of the category of risk and insurance. This category widely used in the field of dependency is also at the core of the symbolism of French social protection. Our research is based on the analysis of observations made by think-tanks concerning the funding of dependency; on semi-directive interviews of “key” players in the field; and on a linguistic and historical analysis of public reports using the software Prospéro (Doxa). We demonstrate that since 1979, dependency has been understood as a social risk (1979-1997), then as a social protection risk (1997-2007), and finally as a predictable and positive risk (2008-2015). Within the symbolism of social protection, the category of risk and insurance is increasingly embedded in managerial and economic discourse. These changes justify the transition from funding defined within the primary share of the value added to funding relying on secondary redistribution. Thus, although the risk category has been used constantly since the 1970s, it does not justify the funding of the field commensurate with the stakes involved. On the contrary, since the 2000s onwards, in view of the power relations prevailing in the field, the category of risk has justified the privatisation of its funding
Rios, Martinez Jorge. "Navigation de robot avec conscience sociale : entre l'evaluation des risques et celle des conventiones sociales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM045/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a risk-based navigation method including both the traditional notion of risk of collision and the notion of risk of disturbance. With the growing demand of personal assistance to mobility and mobile service robotics, robots and people must share the same physical spaces and follow the same social conventions. Robots must respect proximity constraints but also respect people interacting. For example, they should not break interaction between people talking, unless the robot task is to take part in the conversation. In this case, it must be able to join the group using a socially adapted behavior. The socially-aware navigation system proposed in this thesis integrates both an assessment of a risk of collision using predictive models of moving obstacles, and an assessment of accordance with social conventions. Human management of space (personal space, o-space, activity space...) inspired from sociology and social robotics literature is integrated, but also models of behavior that enable the robot to make medium-term prediction of the human positions. Simulation and experimental results on a robotic wheelchair validate the method by showing that our robot is able to navigate in a dynamic environment avoiding collisions with obstacles and people and, at the same time, minimizing discomfort in people by respecting spaces mentioned above
Rode, Sylvain. "Au risque du fleuve. La territorialisation de la politique de prévention du risque d'inondation en Loire moyenne." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444166.
Full textLalande-Markon, Marie-Pierre. "Perceptions et réponses du public aux incertitudes associées aux risques de santé publique: Une investigation par méthodes mixtes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20258.
Full textMoisan, Frédéric. "Prévalence et facteurs de risque professionnels de la maladie de Parkinson parmi les affiliés à la Mutualité Sociale Agricole." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703143.
Full textDenis-Rémis, Cédric. "Approche de la maitrise des risques par la formation des acteurs." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1497.
Full textTraining is now considered as the most commonly used way to achieve risk management learning, by making people produce safety behaviours. We have deeply thought about safety behaviours related to industrial risk management and focused on the actions that are likely to make them emerge, mainly by risk representation. We have built a behaviour production model, focused on operational goals and based on a cognitive and affective approach coupled with a situational approach. We therefore called upon persuasive communication and commitment theory. We have designed a risk management training dedicated to a pharmaceutical group, aimed to change its “culture”. By setting an experimental program, we helped in producing knowledge useful for action. In parallel, we took interest in an informative and behavioural training dispensed by fire fighters, well-recognised for its positive impact on safety. By studying its action levers, we have improved its performance and built the basis of committing training concept. Risk management training should be a specifically designed process instead of a generalist informative tool. When people switch into a behavioural mode, they become actual actors of risk management
Chrétien, Samuel. "La performance environnementale des entreprises et le risque de réputation : une approche axée sur le comportement." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9771.
Full textLe, Pape Marie-Clémence. "La famille à l'épreuve des risques : logiques éducatives et stratification sociale." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0018.
Full textIn the second half of the 20th century, family education was at the heart of numerous sociological studies, most of them focused on school or delinquency. Since the beginning of the 1990s, these studies are fewer, which may seem paradoxical considering the debates on this topic in French society. The success of reality TV shows such as Super Nanny reveals the fascination exerted by such topics as a “good” education or a “bad” parent. This imperative of an educational “success” is linked to the central place of children in the society and in the family. Are families equal when facing this new demand for educational achievement ? Often addressed in the middle of the 1970s, the problematic of the differences between social classes is rarely studied today. The success of the argument of the homogenisation of educational values and practices – according to which parents’ educational styles are more and more alike, no matter their social position – has gradually led to the neglecting of this research issue. And yet, the sociology of the family cannot do without a reflexion about the way intimate life reveals, produces and is shaped by social inequalities. That is the major intention of this thesis, which – through the strategies adopted by parents in order to prevent juvenile risks and through their reactions to the acting out questions – questions the resources and effective possibilities of teenagers’ parents facing a period of time sometimes presented as the best in life, and sometimes as the one of all dangers
El, Amraoui Sonia. "Trois essais sur les mesures et déterminants du risque systémique." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D017.
Full textSystemic risk is a risk that can compromise the survival of the financial system. Systemic risk refers to the spread of a single bank failure to other banks. What are the measures and determinants of systemic risk? This thesis proposes an investigation of this transversal question through three chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of the various measures of systemic risk, identifies commonalities and differences and specifies the interest of each measure. The issue is the correlation between the stress test results and the various measures of systemic risk. The second chapter studies the concept of Asset Commonality as a new measure of systemic risk. The third chapter examines the relationship between different measures of systemic risk and corporate social responsibility. The empirical results show that -1- the stress test results should be supplemented by an evaluation of the systemic risk measures, -2- Asset Commonality could be considered as a complementary tool to assess the systemic risk, -3- the corporate social responsibility of financial institutions is important in order to reduce systemic risk
Nieto, Gisele. "L'appropriation des outils de gestion du risque dans les projets : le cas du Crédit Agricole." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476258.
Full textBROCHOT, EMMANUEL. "Validation d'une nouvelle technique de mise en evidence de toxoplasma gondii dans le liquide amniotique par amplification genique (pcr) : suivi de 68 grossesses a risque de juin 1992 a octobre 1995." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15101.
Full textTandé, Delphine. "La construction sociale des risques majeurs et de la crise à la télévision : quelle participation à l'élaboration d'une culture de sécurité ?" Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100118.
Full textThese topics have a strong political and social meaning since the eighties, the question of the risk and the crisis is challenging the ability of a society to define collective objectives and to bring together individuals around a common notion of safety. We have to think the idea of safety from a general perspective or to delimit the points of reference, the standards and the shareable values due to the socio-cultural divergences of the players involved in the crisis management. Historically built around technical and operational materials intended for the emergency professionals (experts), the culture of safety reveals its limits. Whereas, the crisis questions the performance of the democratic system, challenges the information methods concerning dangers threatening citizens as well as their role in their choices for a society, this culture is insufficiently global and lacks a collective scope. The television then, socializing and turning the crisis political, shows some stakes. Some televised debates, reports and documentaries are building up a concept of the culture of safety other than technical, by exposing the entire social protagonists, could they be ; company representatives, speakers for a civic society, politicians, citizens, experts or first-aid workers. However, the partitioning rules imposed during the debates organization, the construction of speeches or the representation of the social participants restrict this concept collective range. Advocates of the individual interest, mediators in conflicting relations, patrons of a sterile social dialogue, of a depiction of a not politicized victimized citizen and antagonistic politics the programs are promoting a social division. If the social space is clearly visible, the major social and political questions are barely covered. Without the representation relating to a political project and a social cohesion, the culture of safety does not federate. Nevertheless, these programming shouldn't be held responsible for a deeper society problem
Gheorghiu, Alexandra. "Comportements dangereux au volant chez les jeunes. Le rôle des mécanismes d’influence sociale dans le groupe." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21991/document.
Full textRoad crashes remain a significant public health problem at international, national and regional level. World Health Organization estimates that more than a million persons die each year in road car crashes and that 20 to 50 million other persons are injured in those crashes ("Global status report on road safety: time for action," 2009). Among the drivers that die in car crashes almost a quarter are young drivers (OECD, 2006). The main causes of car crashes identified by WHO are driving while intoxicated, speeding, driving while tired, phone use, low visibility and poor road conditions (Peden et al., 2004). To these causes, in the case of young drivers we can add sensation seeking, excitability and peer influence (A. F. Williams, 2006). Peer influence on young drivers’ behaviour is a controversial topic in the literature due to the rather contradictory conclusions of the researches on this theme. Some researchers have found a negative effect of peer presence (Arnett et al., 1997; Doherty et al., 1998; Moller & Gregersen, 2008), while others have found a protective effect (Delhomme, 1994; Engstrom, Gregersen, Granstrom, & Nyberg, 2008; Rueda-Domingo et al., 2004; Vollrath, Meilinger, & Krager, 2002). This research analyses the effect that peers can have on young drivers’ risky behaviours by using the theory of planned behaviour approach and by looking into the effect that peer pressure type can have on the young driver. The results highlight that subjective norms and especially friend’s perceived norms contribute significantly to explaining young drivers’ intention to speed or to drive while intoxicated. The comparative analysis showed some interesting differences among the two populations. For example, for the Romanian drivers norms play a much more important role in explaining risky driving behaviours that for the French population. Also, young French drivers perceive the car as having rather an instrumental role while Romanian drivers see it more like a way to impress. Another interesting result emphasizes on the situational character of young drivers risk taking but also on the implications that risk taking peers might have. Finally, the results obtained regarding the role of norms and the effects of peer pressure on young drivers’ behaviour are rather encouraging
Morelli, Xavier. "Pollution de l'air, santé et défaveur sociale en zone urbaine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS015/document.
Full textIn urban areas, atmospheric pollution represents a major threat to human health. The accurate characterization of this threat relies centrally on the quality of exposure assessment. It also requires assessment of other factors sharing the same sources and also possibly impacting health, such as noise. Fine-scale exposure assessment of air pollution levels may allow identifying spatial contrasts. Such spatial variations may lead to social differences in the distribution of the health impact of these pollutants.The general aims of the PhD were: 1. To study the possibility to model ultrafine particles distribution in urban areas and assess the correlation of ultrafine particles levels with road traffic noise; 2. To assess the risk incurred by air pollution exposure with a fine-scale modelling approach and investigate the potential socio-economic disparities in health burden induced by particulate matter; 3. To investigate the health benefits expected from hypothetical scenarios of reduction of air pollution levels at the urban scale.The first aim relies on Tri-tabs project, conducted in three European cities (Basel, Girona, Grenoble). Measurements during 20 minutes of outdoor noise and traffic, but not of UFP, were strongly reproducible over durations of a couple of days or months. In these areas, on the short-term, noise levels and UFP concentrations exhibited relatively moderate correlations, which may allow adjustment for mutual confounding in epidemiological studies, thus allowing to disentangle their possible short-term health effects.The second aim introduces health effects, and focuses on the longer term. Risk assessment studies often ignore within-city spatial variations of air pollutants. In Grenoble and Lyon areas (0.4 and 1.2 million inhabitants, respectively) in 2012, PM2.5 exposure was estimated on a 10×10 m grid by coupling a dispersion model to fine-scale data on population density. Outcomes were mortality, lung cancer and term low birth weight incidences. The numbers of cases attributable to air pollution were estimated overall and stratifying areas according to the European Deprivation Index, a measure of social deprivation. Estimations were repeated assuming spatial homogeneity of air pollutants within city. The proportion of cases attributable to air pollution was in the 3-8% range for mortality and 9–43% range for term low birth weight. In Grenoble, 6.8% (95% CI: 3.1–10.1%) of incident lung cancer cases were attributable to air pollution. The impact was underestimated by 8 to 20% when background monitoring stations were used to assess exposure, compared to fine-scale dispersion modeling. Health impact was highest in neighborhoods with intermediate to higher social deprivation.Several countries across Europe have implemented air pollution regulation policies, or low emission zones, France being an exception. We estimated the health impact of air pollution under different scenarios of reduction of fine particulate matter concentrations. Scenarios targeting a reduction in the PM2.5 annual averages by 5% led to a 10% decrease of the health burden, while actions aiming at only reducing the exposure of the population exposed above the 90th percentile did not yield a significant reduction of the health burden (around 1%).In conclusion, we have shown that short-term measurements cannot be used to model ultrafine particles levels in urban areas; we were among the first to rely on a fine-scale exposure model for estimating the health impact of air pollution, and quantify its impact on term low birth weight. Our estimations showed that background air quality monitoring stations used classically in France for health impact assessment studies tend to underestimate exposure, compared to a spatially-resolved dispersion model. We have provided an estimate of the air pollution decrease required to obtain a significant reduction of the health impact of air pollutants in urban areas
Weitzenblum, Thomas. "Interactions entre hétérogénéité et fluctuations individuelles non assurables : applications aux inégalités de richesse et au risque de chômage." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010068.
Full textBorderon, Marion. "Entre distance géographique et distance sociale : le risque de paludisme-infection en milieu urbain africain : l'exemple de l'agglomération de Dakar, Sénégal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3004/document.
Full textThis thesis applies an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) approach to study a complex phenomenon in a data scarce environment: malaria infection in Dakar. Each component of the malaria pathogenic system is necessary but not sufficient to result in an infection when acting in isolation. For malaria infection to occur, three components need to interact: the parasite, the vector, and the human host. The identification of areas where these three components can easily interact is therefore essential in the fight against malaria and the improvement of programs for the prevention and control or elimination of the disease. ESDA, still rarely applied in developing countries, is thus defined as a research approach but also as a way to provide answers to global health challenges. It leads to observation, from different angles, on the social and spatial determinants of malaria infection, as well as the examination of existing interactions between its three components. Several streams of quantitative information were collected, both directly and indirectly related to the study of malaria. More specifically, multi-temporal satellite imagery, census data, and results from social and health surveys have been integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) to describe the city and its inhabitants. Combining these datasets has enabled to study the spatial variability of the risk of malaria infection
Thélot, Fils-Lien. "Pour une sociologie compréhensive du VIH/SIDA en Haïti : Construction sociale de la maladie, gouvernance de l'épidémie et politisation du risque." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0908.
Full textElementary form of event, total social fact, inequalities revealer, perturbation factor of collective life, HIV/Aids is part of process of social construction about disease, sexuality and death. In fact, aids epidemic, causing 8 000 deceases per day, represents a real challenge on public health and calls upon researchers in social and human sciences. This last have produced an impressive literature about this question with a theoretic partitioning in four principals approaches categories: HIV/aids approaches in terms of process, in terms of inequalities, in terms of fight and in terms of governance. This study's hypothesis is: in a specific society, the progression of the prevalence through the time, the territory and among the social groups, is largely influenced by the type of epidemic governance (strategies of the actors, conflicts about power, norms formulation, nodal points) induced by particular politicization benefited by HIV/Aids in terms of political discourses, institutional plans and sanitary and administrative management. Taking the Haitian society as a study case, this research help to understand how epidemic governance has failed in this country where people has been used as a sacrificial victim, to question the success-story discourses, showing the hide faces of the epidemic (bio-politic of let-dying, aids orphans, practices of auto-infection, of stigma, and exclusion of health system…). Based on testimonies, focus groups, interviews, direct observation, questionnaires, the conclusions of this study also result from considerations about political, cultural and socioeconomic contexts of the epidemic propagation in Haiti